Alternative Fuel Alternative Fuel For Vehicles For Vehicles

*Hybrid Vehicles**Hybrid Vehicles*

BYBY

G.RAKESH KUMARG.RAKESH KUMAR

IntroductionIntroduction

Hybrid cars have been around for hundreds of years. Hybrid cars have been around for hundreds of years. But only recently have they perfected. They offer a But only recently have they perfected. They offer a new way of living a cleaner less expensive life.new way of living a cleaner less expensive life.

What is a Hybrid Car?What is a Hybrid Car?

A hybrid car is a vehicle that runs on ,not only gasoline A hybrid car is a vehicle that runs on ,not only gasoline but a rechargeable battery. These batteries help to reduce but a rechargeable battery. These batteries help to reduce fuel emissions because the hybrid engine takes energy fuel emissions because the hybrid engine takes energy from that battery when it is accelerating. Also, hybrid from that battery when it is accelerating. Also, hybrid gasoline engines can shut off when the car is fully stopped gasoline engines can shut off when the car is fully stopped and run off the electricity gained from the battery. and run off the electricity gained from the battery. Picture: Picture: Honda Civic HybridHonda Civic Hybrid

The first known prototype and publication The first known prototype and publication of an SH bycycle is by augustus kinzel in of an SH bycycle is by augustus kinzel in

1975 .In 1994 Bernie Macdonalds 1975 .In 1994 Bernie Macdonalds conceived the electrilite .conceived the electrilite .

Why was the hybrid car Why was the hybrid car developed?developed?

The hybrid car was The hybrid car was invented to help people invented to help people save money when the save money when the gas prices get to high gas prices get to high for them to handle. The for them to handle. The hybrids car was also hybrids car was also invented to protect the invented to protect the quality of air because it quality of air because it lets out less harmful lets out less harmful emissions and to save emissions and to save natural and natural and nonrenewable nonrenewable resources.resources.

Picture: Hybrid VehiclePicture: Hybrid Vehicle

How dose a Hybrid Car How dose a Hybrid Car Work ?Work ?

A gasoline-electric hybrid car has both an electric motor A gasoline-electric hybrid car has both an electric motor and a gasoline motor, it also consists of a rechargeable and a gasoline motor, it also consists of a rechargeable battery for the electric engine. Inside the hybrid car the battery for the electric engine. Inside the hybrid car the two motors that work together to put the vehicle in two motors that work together to put the vehicle in motion. The gas in the car is used to power the gasoline motion. The gas in the car is used to power the gasoline engine and the “electric batteries supply power to the engine and the “electric batteries supply power to the car’s electric motors”. Some of the new hybrids are now car’s electric motors”. Some of the new hybrids are now converting kinetic energy into electric energy to power converting kinetic energy into electric energy to power than batteriesthan batteries. .

““ABC News: See How a Hybrid Car Works””

PowerPower Power sources for hybrid vehicles include:Power sources for hybrid vehicles include: On-board or out-board On-board or out-board

rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) (RESS) Petrol or or Diesel fuel Hydrogen Compressed air Liquid nitrogen Human powered e.g. pedaling or rowing e.g. pedaling or rowing Wind Electricity Compressed or or liquefied natural gas SolarSolar Waste heatWaste heat from internal combustion engine. from internal combustion engine. Coal, wood or other solid combustibles Coal, wood or other solid combustibles Electromagnetic fields, Radio waves Electromagnetic fields, Radio waves

Hybrid TimelineHybrid Timeline

18391839: Robert Anderson invents the first electric : Robert Anderson invents the first electric vehiclevehicle

18701870: Sir David Salomon invented a car with a : Sir David Salomon invented a car with a light electric motor with very heavy storage light electric motor with very heavy storage batteries.batteries.

18861886: The first electric Taxi Cab is invented in : The first electric Taxi Cab is invented in EnglandEngland

18881888: Immisch & Company built a four-passenger : Immisch & Company built a four-passenger carriage powered by one-horsepower motor and carriage powered by one-horsepower motor and 24-cell battery. Magnus Volk in England made a 24-cell battery. Magnus Volk in England made a three-wheeled electric car.three-wheeled electric car.

1890-19101890-1910: Improvements in the batteries used : Improvements in the batteries used were taking place.were taking place.

The first picture on the left is an electric car from the 1900’s. On the left is a The first picture on the left is an electric car from the 1900’s. On the left is a hybrid car from 2000.hybrid car from 2000.

18981898: Ferdinand Porsche built the first : Ferdinand Porsche built the first hybrid car.hybrid car.

19001900: American companies made 1,575 : American companies made 1,575 electric and 936 electric cars. Pieper electric and 936 electric cars. Pieper introduced a hybrid car with a gasoline introduced a hybrid car with a gasoline engine and an electric engine under engine and an electric engine under the seat.the seat.

19051905: H. Piper filed a patent for a : H. Piper filed a patent for a petrol-electric hybrid vehicle.petrol-electric hybrid vehicle.

19661966: U.S. Congress made the first bill : U.S. Congress made the first bill recommending the use of electric cars recommending the use of electric cars to save the environment.to save the environment.

19701970: The hybrid “VW Taxi” was : The hybrid “VW Taxi” was invented due to high costs of oil .invented due to high costs of oil .

19791979: A hybrid car was built out of a : A hybrid car was built out of a lawnmower engine.lawnmower engine.

19911991: The United States Advanced : The United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) launched Battery Consortium (USABC) launched a program to make a “super” battery a program to make a “super” battery for the hybrid car to run off of. for the hybrid car to run off of.

19911991: The Toyota Pruis went public in : The Toyota Pruis went public in Japan. Sold nearly 18,000Japan. Sold nearly 18,000

19991999: Honda Insight was released in : Honda Insight was released in the U.S.the U.S.

20002000: Toyota Prius was the first four : Toyota Prius was the first four –door sedan available in the U.S.–door sedan available in the U.S.

20022002: The Honda Civic Hybrid was : The Honda Civic Hybrid was invented in the U.S.invented in the U.S.

20042004: Toyota Pruis 2 won 2004 Car : Toyota Pruis 2 won 2004 Car of the Year Awards from Trend of the Year Awards from Trend Magazine. Ford released the Ford Magazine. Ford released the Ford Escape Hybrid.Escape Hybrid.

What makes a Hybrid Car What makes a Hybrid Car Unique?Unique?

What makes a hybrid What makes a hybrid car unique is that it car unique is that it consists of a gasoline consists of a gasoline engine, electric engine engine, electric engine and rechargeable and rechargeable batteries. All of these batteries. All of these items work together to items work together to form a fuel efficient form a fuel efficient car that produces less car that produces less pollution.  pollution.  

Picture: Toyota PriusPicture: Toyota Prius

Advantages and Advantages and DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Advantages:Advantages:““*Tax savings, free entry to car pool lanes, free parking *Tax savings, free entry to car pool lanes, free parking *Saving of fuel due to battery assisted engine therefore their is *Saving of fuel due to battery assisted engine therefore their is

less dependenceless dependenceon foreign countries for fuels. on foreign countries for fuels. *When the car is stopped the kinetic energy gained is stored in *When the car is stopped the kinetic energy gained is stored in

the battery andthe battery andused for laterused for later*Less exhaust therefore it is environment friendly *Less exhaust therefore it is environment friendly *Money is saved due to less fuel use for cars *Money is saved due to less fuel use for cars *Less trips to gas stations”*Less trips to gas stations”

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:““*High cost *High cost *Heavy because of heavy batteries used in these cars *Heavy because of heavy batteries used in these cars *Risky in accidents because of the high volt wires exposed in *Risky in accidents because of the high volt wires exposed in

accidents”accidents”

Real Hybrid CarsReal Hybrid Cars

Lexus RX 400H Lexus RX 400H

$45,355$45,355

MPG: 33/28MPG: 33/28 City/HighwayCity/Highway

Honda AccordHonda Accord

$30,990$30,990

MPG: 25/34MPG: 25/34 City/HighwayCity/Highway

Future of Hybrid CarsFuture of Hybrid Cars Toyota Volta Hybrid Sports Toyota Volta Hybrid Sports

CarCar

408 Horsepower408 Horsepower

3.3 liter V6 Gas Engine3.3 liter V6 Gas Engine

30 Miles per gallon30 Miles per gallon

In the future hybrid cars will In the future hybrid cars will save citizens all over the save citizens all over the world hundreds of dollars on world hundreds of dollars on gas because knowing that our gas because knowing that our oil will soon run out the price oil will soon run out the price of gas will be at very high of gas will be at very high prices. The Hybrid car will prices. The Hybrid car will help to save oil and money for help to save oil and money for people who can’t afford such people who can’t afford such high gas prices. high gas prices.

Hybrid CarmakersHybrid Carmakers Daimler ChryslerDaimler Chrysler

FordFord

General MotorsGeneral Motors

HondaHonda

HyundaiHyundai

ToyotaToyota

VolkswagenVolkswagen

LexusLexus

Picture: Lexus RX 400HPicture: Lexus RX 400H

Hybrid Car SalesHybrid Car Sales This graph shows the This graph shows the

Hybrid car sales from Hybrid car sales from 2000 to 2005. As you 2000 to 2005. As you can see the sales can see the sales have risen as the have risen as the years progress. This years progress. This suggests that people suggests that people are beginning to are beginning to understand the understand the problems with oil and problems with oil and are trying to are trying to conserve.conserve.

ConclusionConclusion

Most hybrid cars may cost a lot, but Most hybrid cars may cost a lot, but it’s a good price to pay for it’s a good price to pay for something that will save you even something that will save you even more money in the long run. It will more money in the long run. It will save the environment even more. save the environment even more. Most people wouldn’t buy a hybrid Most people wouldn’t buy a hybrid car because or the cost or how they car because or the cost or how they look, but sooner or later it will be look, but sooner or later it will be the car of choice. the car of choice.

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/hybrid-invest.html>. /hybrid-invest.html>. "The Hybrid Engine: How It Works." "The Hybrid Engine: How It Works." ABC NewsABC News. 7 May 2006 . 7 May 2006

<http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Autos/popup?id=267041>. <http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Autos/popup?id=267041>.

Books:Books: Hybrids: Azure IRCHybrids: Azure IRC

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