Alternative and

Complementary Medicine

Dr Monem Alshok

13\ 4 \ 2017

Probiotics

1 . Lactobacillus sp.

•reuteri

•casei

•ramnosus

•acidophilus

2 . Streptococcus sp.

3 . Bifidobacterium sp.

•infantis

•lactis

•longum

•breve

•bifidum

4 . Sacharomyces boulardii (non-human)

Prebiotics: Sources, Side

effects:

Sources:

breastmilk, barley, bran and whole grains, legumes, such as beans; vegetables such as leeks, onions, asparagus, greens such as chicory, spinach, fruits such as bananas, berries

Doses: 1 – 2 grams daily (adults)

Side effects: flatulence, diarrhea, allergies

Probiotics

Colonization at birth

Similar to maternal species

Specific organisms vary by age in first year

Become established by 1 year

In children and adults, “Successful” treatment with

probiotics leads to temporary colonization only

Probiotics: proposed

mechanisms

1 . Adherence and subsequent stimulation of gut immune system

Up-regulation of mucin gene

Enhance secretory IgA

Maintain normal macrophage function

2 . Competition for essential nutrients

3 . Production of antimicrobial factors

4 . Provide favorable environment for growth of other beneficial bacteria

5 . Production of short-chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties

Case

A 13 year old recently diagnosed with

osteogenic sarcoma says she’s having

trouble sleeping. She doesn’t want any

more meds.

Valerian ( Root of Nardin )

Herbs

Herbs Action

African plum BPH

Fenugreek seed Sexual stimulant for female ,

increase milk and breast size

Garlic & onion IHD , lipids , platelets& protection

against GIT cancers

Pumkin oil Antiworms & BPH

Rocket oil Body tonics for men

Aloe Vera oil Topically for sunburn & psoriasis

& orally as laxative

Chamomile Dyspepsia , tension , immunity

St. John Wort Depression

Gripe Water

Traditionally – dill extract ± bicarbonate

(Woodard’s™), ± alcohol;

Dill, fennel and caraway are

spasmolytics

Some include ginger, fennel (Baby’s

Bliss™), chamomile, cinnamon and

other herbs (Wellements™)

Ginger for Nausea

Numerous RCTs suggest

benefits of ginger in

preventing and treating

nausea

IBS - Peppermint

Peppermint (Mentha piperita); primary ingredient, 29% - 48% menthol

Uses: many digestive complaints, including colic, flatulence, diarrhea, dyspepsia, indigestion, nausea and vomiting

Relaxes smooth muscle and slows GI transit

Licorice: Glycyrrhiza glabra

Contains: glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizic acid, polyphenols, and polysaccharides

TCM ulcer remedy; newer HepC?

Inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase + other enzymes involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids. → increased cortisol levels

Anti-inflammatory and mineralocorticoid effects (BP, edema)

Bromelain

An enzyme derived from the stem of

pinapple plant ( Ananos Comosus) may

help reduce swelling & inflammation

Cranberries juice

Used to acidify urine and seems to make a

more difficult for bacteria to stick to

bladder wall

Herbs used to immune system

Black seed

Echinacea

It’s All Connected Principles

Physical Activity

• 1/3 of adult women are obese and 60% of women have no regular physical activity.

• Most studies suggest that active women have a 50% risk reduction in developing heart disease.

• Improves mood.

• May reduce risk of colon and breast by improving energy metabolism and reducing concentrations of insulin and related growth factors

Mind‐Heart Connection

• Review of 37 studies found patients who received mind‐body therapies and stress management had:

• 34% reduction in cardiac mortality

• 29% reduction in recurrence of heart attack

• Significant positive effects on cholesterol, blood pressure and weight.

“Mind‐Body” Medicine

• Belief that emotional, mental,social, spiritual, and behavioral factors affect health

• Respects and encourages individual’s capacity for self knowledge and self‐care

– Yoga or tai chi

– Relaxation therapies

– Cognitive‐behavioral therapies

– Group support

– Meditation

– Creative arts therapy

Mind‐Body Medicine

Review by Astin, et al. Concluded that there is

considerable evidence that MBT are beneficial

for:

– Coronary artery disease

– Headaches

– Insomnia

– Chronic low back pain

– Treatment related symptoms of cancer

Traditional Chinese Medicine

• Health is achieved by maintaining the body in a "balanced state”.

• Imbalance leads to blockage in the flow of qi.

• TCM practioners typically use herbs, acupuncture, and massage to help unblock qi in an attempt to bring the body back into harmony and wellness

TCM involves :

Proper balance of Qi (“chi”)

Acupuncture, herbal medicine,

massage, qi gong

There are three main therapeutic modalities:

1 . Acupuncture and moxibustionIn traditional

Chinese medicine, the use of heat from burning

the herb moxa on or near the skin at an

acupuncture point. Intended to stimulate the

flow of qi and restore health. (moxibustion is

the application of heat from the burning of the

herbA plant or part of a plant used for its flavor,

scent, or potential therapeutic properties.

Includes flowers, leaves, bark, fruit, seeds,

stems, and roots. moxa at the acupuncture

point)

2 . Chinese Materia Medica is a standard

reference book of information on medicinal

substances that are used in Chinese herbal

medicine.

3 . Massage and manipulation

Whole Medical Systems

• Whole medical systems involve complete

systems of theory and practice that have

evolved independently from or parallel to

conventional medicine.

• Many are traditional systems of medicine

that are practiced by individual cultures

throughout the world e.g. TCM

Acupuncture

– Significantly relieves

pain

– Significantly improves

function

– Effective complement

to standard care

The use of Hair – Thin needles

(( “Science of life”

Ayurveda

• A comprehensive system

of medicine developed in

India that places equal

emphasis on the body,

mind, and spirit, and

strives to restore innate

harmony of the individual.

• Primary treatments include

diet, exercise, meditation,

herbs, massage, and

controlled breathing.

Homeopathy

“Like cures like”

Herbal medicine, minerals, and chemicals in

diluted forms

Alternative Medical Systems: Complete systems of

medical theory and practice. e.g. Homeopathic

Medicine -In homeopathic medicine, there is a belief

that "like cures like," meaning that small, highly

diluted quantities of medicinal substances are given

to cure symptoms, when the same substances given

at higher or more concentrated doses would actually

cause those symptoms.

Naturopathy

Restore health rather than cure disease

Diet, clinical nutrition, homeopathy,

acupuncture, herbal medicine, hydrotherapy,

manipulation, light therapy, therapeutic

counseling, pharmacology

Energy medicine

Energy medicine

Biofields

Qigong

Reiki

Therapeutic touch

Naturopathic Medicine:

Proposes that there is a healing power in the body that

establishes, maintains, and restores health.

Practitioners work with the patient with a goal of

supporting this power, through treatments such as

nutrition and lifestyle counseling, dietary

supplements, medicinal plants, and exercise

There are six principles that form the basis of

naturopathic practice:

The healing power of nature

Identification and treatment of the cause of disease

The concept of "first do no harm"

The doctor as teacher

Treatment of the whole person

Prevention

Meditation

Quieting the mind by focusing the attention.

Benefits include: stress relief, relaxation, reduced level of lactic acid, efficient & effective oxygen consumption, slowed heart rate, decreased blood pressure, improved functioning of the immune system.

In CAM medicine one is not a Common

healing foods

A . Yogurt

B . Cinamon

C . Chamomale

D . Oat fiber

E . Anise

Which of the following is NOT a

major domain of CAM practice?

A . Bariatric surgery

B . Manipulative and body-based practices

C . Mind – Body medicine

D . Biologicall based Medicine

Naturopathy refers to:

A . Alternative medical system originated

in India

B . The principles of " likes cure likes "

C . Traditional Chinese Medicine

D . creating a process that promotes the

body's ability to heal itself

Chiropractic treatment

often involves:

A . Energy Therapy

B . Herbs

C . Analgesic

D . Spinal Manipulation

Herbal remedies are available in

all of the following forms

EXCEPT

A . freeze-dried extracts

B . Standardized extracts .

C . Tincture and Teas .

D . inject able solutions.

The CAM domain that includes practices designed to

enhance the mind's capacity to affect bodily function

and to improve symptoms is

A . Biologically based practice .

B . Energy Medicine .

C . Psychoneuroimmunology .

D . mind-body medicine.

Which form of energy medicine

focuses on channeling spiritual

energy?

A . Shiatsu .

B . Therapeutic Touch.

C . Qigong .

D . Reiki

Acupuncture involves

A . a treatment plan based on classifying the

patient into one of three body types

B . using pressure of the fingers or hands to

ease pain and improve energy flow.

C . a system of movements and floor exercises

designed to retrain the nervous system.

D . stimulating various locations on the body by

the placement of fine needles to improve

energy flow.

The form of energy medicine based on the therapist's

ability to identify energy imbalances and enhance healing

by improving the flow of energy is

A . acupressure..

B . tai chi. .

C . qigong..

D . Therapeutic & healing Touch

The form of movement therapy that involves gentle movements

and exercises designed to improve coordination and flexibility by

retraining the nervous system is

A . Rieki .

B . Shiatsu. .

C . qigong..

D . the Feldenkrais Method®.

Plant sterols, yogurt, oat fiber, sunflower oil, and

soy protein are examples of functional foods, also

known as

A . Antioxidents

B . Phytochemicals.

C .Herbals

D . Nutriceuticals

Chiropractic medicine is a CAM

practice that

A . integrates meditative practices and

movement therapies.

B . is still considered experimental by most

Western doctors .

C . rarely qualifies for insurance

reimbursement.

D . has now been largely accepted as valid by

mainstream medicine.

Treatments that rely on substances found in nature

(such as herbs), special diets, dietary supplements, or

functional foods are part of which CAM domain?

A . Energy Medicine

B . MBT.

C . Manipulative and body-based

practices.

D . Biologically based practices

Which of the following is a dietary

supplement banned by the FDA due to

dangerous side effects?

A . Anise .

B . Ginkgo biloba

C . St’s John Wort .

D . Ephedra

Naturopathy refers to

A . medical treatments based on spinal

manipulation to achieve proper

alignment.

B . an alternative medical system from

India. .

C . Principles of like cures like .

D . creating a process that promotes the

body's ability to heal itself.

On what basis is a food classified as a

functional food or nutraceutical?

A . Must be able to be manufactured into a

dietary supplement product

B . Low calories

C . Low fat.

D . Must provide health benefits beyond

basic nutrition

Eliminating impurities in the

body and alleviating symptoms

are the primary goals of

A . TCM.

B . Homeopathy

C . Accupuncture .

D . Ayurvedic medicine.

Which alternative medical system

addresses imbalances of qi (vital energy)?

A . Ayurvida.

B . Chiropractic.

C . Meditation.

D . Traditional Chinese medicine

According to Ayurvedic theory, each

person belongs to one of three body types

known as

A . Meridians.

B . Chakras.

C . Biofields .

D . Doshas

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

therapies focus on treating both the mind and the

whole body, which means that CAM is part of a

A . Conventional approach.

B . Psychological approach.

C . Allopathic approach .

D . holistic approach.