Alpine Living 2008

8/10/2019 Alpine Living 2008

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%nsulate yourself from contact 'ith cold.

&our foam pad is useful anytime you need to sitdo'n in sno' or on cold ground. %t prevents heat+loss due to conduction.


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Traditional ater -urification


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e'er ater -urification


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/oiling Considerations

Shelter0 -rotects you from the environment12amples0

Tent/ivy SackTarpSno' CaveTrench 'ith cover Clothing


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Stoves

Considerations0

ease of use easy to light* type of fuel* efficiency in cold* efficiency at altitude* 'eight )or SAR, a stove that is for boiling 'ater is

more than ade3uate. o need to do baking onour missions.


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stoves


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Stoves

4ost SAR members have found that a simple stove such asthe 5etboil, 4SR -ocket Rocket, and the ne' 4SR ReactorStove are good for SAR missions.

These stoves run on %S6 butane and %S6 propane cartridges!depending on the specific stove$.

Such fuel cartridges need to be kept out of the cold as muchas possible in order to run efficiently. Cold temps make themi2ture begin to separate. After dark or in cold 'eather, putthe cartridge in your (acket close to your base+layer of clothinguntil you need to use it.

Also consider a piece of foam to go under the fuel cartridge toprotect it from the sno'.


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hy be concerned about a Shelter*

-rotect yourself from the elements7 &ou may need to to protect the patient from the

elements7

8umans have a narro' range of survival 'hile incold, 'indy, and 'et environments.


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/ad Shelters

Automobile + metal bo2 is a refrigerator7 9ulnerable locations + discussed later


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Shelters

Shelter0 -rotects you from the environment

12amples0 &our clothing7 + %n an emergency your shell clothing is a bivy sack7

Tent /ivy Sack Tarp Trench 'ith Cover !tarp cover$

Sno' Cave or 4ound Shelter !not recommended forSAR$

%gloo !not recommended for SAR$


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:eneral Shelter Considerations

Thermal Efficiency 4ake sure the shelter is (ust large enough for theperson!s$ inside it. &our body has to 'arm the e2cess air.

-revent heat loss by 'ind chill. Small e3uals efficient.

%t is best to make the entrance lo'er than the sleepingarea. arm air rises.


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Ventilation

4ake sure you are not completely enclosed. Carbon ;io2ide needs to escape. Avoid using stoves inside the shelter if possible.

)or sno' caves, igloos, and mound shelters, remember tomake ventilation holes in the ceiling.

)or tarps, the entrance is sufficient for ventilation.


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Wind

A shelter should be able to shed 'ind. %t should be strong enough not to collapse from the 'ind. The entrance should be do'n 'ind.


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:eneral Shelter ConsiderationsLocation

6n the side of a mountain * Avoid 9alley )loors !avalanche danger$ Avoid e2posed ridges due to ind ind moves do'n canyon at night, and up canyonduring the day

Access to a latrine ot in an avalanche path ot under a 'ido' maker !broken tree limb$ Access to drinking 'ater or clean sno' %f it rains, 'ill 'ater drain around your shelter or through

it*


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:eneral Shelter ConsiderationsFloor Coverings

&our foam pad is the standard. /4C recommends closed cell foam pads like a Ridge Restor


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:eneral Shelter ConsiderationsOther

@eep your shovel inside the shelter. ;uring a sno' storm, youmay need to dig yourself out7

Clip all gear together that is located outside of the shelter.This includes sno' shoes, crampons, a2e, helmet, 'hatever?this'ay, if everything gets buried in sno', it 'ill be easy to find in themorning.

%f on a slope or near any potential fall one, donBt use your a2e and

crampons as anchors for your tarp. &ou may need these if you getup during the night and have to go to the latrine.


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Shelter Comparisons

@eepcovered tobe thermallyefficient

Light'eight,'arm,versatile

Same as

tarp.

Same astarp.

Sno'Trench tarp

Time, energy,and s'eatconsuming7

Strongest ofthese options

othing

othing inyour pack

Sno' Cave TarpTent + intermountaineering

Shelter

eeds to beanchored'ell during'indystorms.

ho 'ants tocarry that bulkand 'eight*;id youremember thepoles*

;is+advantage

4ostversatile

:ood for longterm use!base+camp$

Advantage

Can be as

small as apair of socks

9ery /ulk

Can take uphalf a pack

/ulk

Some tarps'eigh aslittle as .D lb

Esually F lbsor more

eight


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Shelter Comparisons

".D feet ormore of

sno'.

;eep Sno'4ustcompact

sno'.

;eep sno''ith good

consistency

oneSpecialConsiderat+

ions

-itching atarp,minimal

1valuatethickness of'alls

1valuatethickness of'alls

Takespractice,sno' sa'

-itching atent

SkillsRe3uired

Less thanigloo, betterthan tent

Can be as'arm asigloo

As 'arm asan igloo

arm ifdone right

Coldcompared toothers

%nside Temp

4inimal to4oderate

%ntensivelong output



4inimalneeded

1nergy

D min + hourdependingon sno'depth

+" hoursG+# hours of'ork

+" 'aitingfor sno' tosettle

"+G hours!min$

A fe'minutes

TimeRe3uired

CoveredSno'Trench

Sno' Cave4oundShelter

%glooSno' TentShelter Type


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4ound Shelter for person.


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Sno' 4ound Shelter


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Simple Sno' Caves


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sno'caveD Comple2 Sno' Cave


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Tree -it Cave


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Tarp Shelter Considerations

4aterial and eight Sil ylon is the popular light'eight material Si e ! person or "$ ;esign + Rectangle, Shaped, or HtentI like -itch 9ersatility ;oes the tarp 'ork in a variety of

configurations*

;o you need additional items to pitch andanchor the tarp*


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A+frame style


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Lean+to


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-oncho Tarp + ;iamond Shape


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%nside a ;iamond Shape Tarp


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ot bad, but it 'ould be 'armer 'ith a sno'trench. Sno' creates insulation and traps

the body heat better than a tarp alone.


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Trench 'ith Cover

&ou can cover a trench easily 'ith a tarp ifsi ed correctly.

&ou can customi e the si e of the trench.

A lo' profile can stand strong 'inds 'ell

The sno' 'ill help insulate.

A small trench 'ith tarp is very thermallyefficient.


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sno'trech


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Snow Shelter Pictures from Princeton University OA Winter Activities Webpage


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sno' trench"


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Trench in sno' 'ith tarp cover


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Trench covered 'ith tree limbs, tarp, and sno'.


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Trench'ithout cover


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This can be as

little as ".D feetdeep. 5ustmake sure youhave enoughroom to cra'l inand out of thetrench 'ithout

touching yourtarp.


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Support the tarp.4ake sure it cantake sno' loading

throughout thenight. %t isrecommended thatyou use one of yourtrekking poles insidethe tarp to createmore of a pyramidshape.

6ther'ise, usehori ontal bracesunder the tarp madefrom sticks, ortrekking poles.


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This may 'ork as asupport for the tarp.%t is recommend thatthe pole be in thecenter of t'o people.

ith a t'o personshelter, you have a

more efficientdesign, and an e2trabody to generateheat.


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6ther Tarp Roof Supports

Accessory Cord Sticks Trekking -oles laid flat across trench.


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trench

This person sed a


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This person used afallen tree as one'all of the shelter. %tis sort of a lean+totarp 'ith sno'trench.

&ou can use a (acket, a pack, or

anything you have toblock the entrance.This 'ill keep theshelter 'armer.

% recommend takingyour pack inside andusing the foam ase2tra insulationunder you 'hile

sleeping .


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Anchoring 4aterial for Tarps

Ese 'hat you have7 Tie outs0 + %tems like sno' shoes 'ork great to tie to. + atural anchors such as tree or shrubs.

+ Rocks 8ave guy+out lines on your tarp. 8ave e2tra cord (ust in case. atural anchors such as trees. ;eadman anchors + stuff sacks filled 'ith sno' + sticks you find

+ 'ads of string


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Eseful @nots for Tarp :uy+lines /o'line !attach cord to tarp$

Taut+line hitch !ad(ustable knot, good for tensioning$

TruckerBs hitch !ad(ustable knot, good for tensioning$

-o'ercinch !ad(ustable knot, good for tensioning$

Siberian hitch !3uick release knot around an anchor$

Clove hitch !'rap around an ob(ect like a stick$

T t+li 8it h


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Taut+line 8itch

:ood for tensioning

Ad(ustable

T i i 8it h


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Tensioning 8itch

:ood for tensioning

Ad(ustable

' i h


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-o'ercinch

Can 'rap around ananchor

Ad(ustable


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Trucker 8itch


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Siberian 8itch


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Clove 8itch


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Tips )or Sleeping arm

1at and drink 'ell before you go to bed +calories are heat.

@eep shelter small. The less air you have to'arm up, the more your shelter insulates you.

Ese a pee bottle. Try not to get up leave yourshelter at night. 4ake sure you have on dry socks. ear a hat. arm 'ater bottle trick.


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Sleep Systems

Tarp or Shelter on top /ivy Sack %nside /ivy Sack, you have sleeping bag and

a puffy (acket for blanket.

ear the rest of your clothes %nsulating ground pad underneath +&ou can use a G # pad for your upper body,

and the foam in your backpack for your lo'erbody.

6ptional + 9apor /arrier in Sleeping /ag


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Fire Building


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)ire /uilding

hy build a fire :eneral considerations Safety 4aterials ;esign layout


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hy /uild a )ire*

armth Light Signal Cooking /oiling -sychological Comfort %s it necessary for SAR* %s it necessary for Survival*

/uilding A )ire


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/uilding A )ire

-repare ground 'ith mineral soil or platform on sno'. Set up fire circle. Ese a reflective back drop if possible. :ather everything needed before igniting fire. Arrange so bree e can fan fire. Arrange so 'ind does not put out fire. -ick ;esign. Start 'ith tender or fuel tablet. -rogress to @indling. Arrange so flames lick larger pierces of 'ood

progressively. ;onBt smother fir. Let it breathe


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)ire /uilding

hy build a fire :eneral considerations Safety 4aterials ;esign layout


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Documents

Alpine Living 2008