Alphabet Inside Computer 5

Inside ComputerInside ComputerBook-5

Alphabet

Ganesh Thapaliya Sanjeev Yadav

AuthorsEditorAnil Pradhan

Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre (CDC)Sanothimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal

Alphabet

Inside computer Book - 5

© Alphabet Books (P.) Limited

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted in any form without the prior written permission of the publisher.

First Edition: 2071 (BS)

Pre–press Works:Shining Star Print Concern (P.) LimitedMaitighar, KathmanduE-mail : [email protected]: 4230665, 4225971

Published By:

Alphabet Books (P.) Limited(Publisher and Distributor)Kathmandu, NepalTel: +977-01-4227586, 4229672Email: [email protected]: www.alphabetbooks.com.np

Printed in : Nepal

Name : _______________________

Class : _______________________

PrefaceComputers have proliferated into various areas of our lives. For a user, computer is a tool that provides the desired information, whenever needed. It is being stressed that education is incomplete without the knowledge of computers. Keeping this fact in mind, computer science has been included in the school curriculum as an essential subject. It is being taught in the schools right from the primary level.Alphabet Computer-Book 5 has been written with an objective of providing and enriching the students with the latest in ‘Information Technology’. It is aimed at enhancing IT related competencies for students. The series incorporates a total visual approach for better understanding of steps involved in practical activities.The key features of the book are:• “Do you know?” provides interesting informations on the topic

being covered.• “Activities” provides situational exercises along with their

solutions to reinforce learning.• “Word Bytes” lists the important terms along with their

definitions.• “Memory Bytes” summarizes each chapter for a quick

recapitulation of all the topics in the chapter.• “Question drill” contains both objective and descriptive

questions to test learners on all aspects of conceptual to real-life situations.

• “Activity bag” challenges a student’s ability to apply the concepts learned to real-life situations.

• “Teachers’ Corner” suggests creative ways to approach a chapter or difficult topics.

Though all efforts have been made to make the book error free, some may have crept in. We will be grateful to receive any comments or suggestions for the improvement of the book.

Authors

Contents

1. Computers Overview 5

2. Computer Peripherals 17

3. The Internet and WWW 28

4. File Management Techniques 37

5. Microsoft Word 2010 51

6. Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 75

7. Working with MSWLOGO 93

5 Alphabet Inside Computer - Book 5

Chapter1 Computers Overview

• Define computer and explain the four major tasks of a computer.

• State the important features of a computer.• List the computer benefits and

disadvantages.• Define microcomputer and explain its types.

My Learning Plan

Computer is essential to every one. It is very hard to imagine modern life without computer. Day by day the benefits of computer and internet is increasing and everyone is interested in studying about computers. Now a days, wherever we go, whether it is a bank, airport, railway-station, office or market, computers are there to help the people. Computers have made our life easy. That is why, the computer has been introduced as one of the subjects in schools and colleges.

Introduction

6Alphabet Inside Computer - Book 5

A computer is an electronic device which is capable of receiving the inputs (data from the user), storing it for a desired period of time, manipulating it according to the set of instructions (called program) and producing the output to the user in desired form. It performs a variety of operations in accordance with the set of instructions. A set of instruction which is given to the computer in order to perform specified task is called program.

Input Processing Output

Storage

Computers have four basic functions: they take in information (input), they store data (storage), they manipulate data (processing), and they provide the user with information (output).

What is a computer


Computers are used in different places by different people for different purposes. The computers have really become indispensable to us due to their characteristics. Let us discuss some of the special features, which make them different from other machines.

Speed

Computers work at a high speed. Computers work with the help of electrical signals. They perform millions of calculations in just a second. The computer present in the modern world has the speed of nano and pico second.

Accuracy

Computers are capable of performing calculation with 100% accuracy. They perform accurate calculations and give correct results according to the instructions fed to them. Errors that may occur can almost always be attributed to human error (inaccurate data, poorly designed system or faulty instructions/programs written by the programmer).

Programmability

The computer can be programmed to do all forms of activities of man. Programming in computer means the act of writing computers’ programs and this involves the use of special set of characters, signs, symbols, to supply instruction to the computer for execution towards achieving specific tasks. This opportunity gave room for the computer to be a versatile system.

Features of a Computer


AutomaticThe computers are automatic. The may execute the process without any intervention of user once they are assigned to a work. Once the data or instruction are fetched from the secondary devices such as optical disks, hard disks, etc., immediately they get stored into RAM (primary memory) and then sequentially they get executed.

EnduranceComputers never get tried as the humans do. If there are surplus amount of executions to be made then each and every execution will be executed at the same time period. They can perform their assigned task without taking any refreshment.

VersatileIn our day to day life computers have been a part. With their extended flexibility they are used, all over the world. They can be used as personal computers, for home uses, for business oriented tasks, weather forecasting, space explorations, teaching, railways, banking, medicine etc. All modern computer can perform different kind of tasks simultaneously.

Do you know that the Asteroids and Lunar Lander made in 1980 were the first two video games in US?

Do You Know?


Computer is widely used now-a-days all over the world for various purposes. Computer has many benefits as well as many drawbacks.

• The main benefits of using computer is it helps for education purpose, scientific research, medical purpose, entertainment, internet marketing and e-commerce, communication, etc.

• Computer helps to study us in a more convenient and interactive way.

• Scientists also use computer for their different research purpose such as space exploration, planet study, constellation study, atomic and molecular study of matters.

• Advancement of computer technology has also helped in medical field. Modern surgery, and radiation treatment for cancer and tumor is done more safely and accurately.

• Entertainment is also the main reason for rapid development of computer field.

• Information Technology has helped every organization for internet marketing and e-commerce business either for an organization or for a customer. Success of any organization depends upon IT.

Although computer has many advantages but there are a few disadvantages as well. Research has shown that the blood pressure of people using computer regularly is higher than normal people. Excessive use of computer also leads to the addiction of it. Information of people can be easily found on different social networking sites and it leads to insecurity for their digital information.

Computer Benefits and Disadvantages


Computer system is a group of related components that interact to perform a task. The systematic organization is broadly divided into four parts. They are hardware, software, liveware and firmware.

HardwareComputer hardware is the component device that is the building blocks of personal computers. It is the physical component that makes up a computer system. It consists of input devices, processor, output devices and memory devices. These hardware parts work with the computer software to complete a given task as per the instructions given by a user.

SoftwareSoftware is the important element of a computer system. It is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it. Computers cannot do any useful work without instructions from software. So a thus a combination of software and hardware (the computer) is necessary to do any computerized work.

The Apple Lisa (1983) was the first successful computer with a graphical user interface (GUI) and a mouse. It cost $10,000.

Computer System Organization

Do You Know?


LivewareComputer is a dumb machine. Unless it is given instructions from human beings it cannot do anything. All the people involved with the computer manufacturing, programming and operating make the liveware or humanware.

FirmwareAt the time of manufacturing some programs are put into internal memory of the computer. These programs help in starting the computer. These programs cannot be erased or overwritten by the operator. They are known as firmware.

A microcomputer is a computer with a central processing unit (CPU) as a microprocessor. It has a small memory and permit fewer peripherals to be attached. It is designed to be used by one person at a time. It is designed to be used in homes, schools and office settings.

Desktop computerA desktop computer is a personal computer built to be used at a desk. This type of computer contains most of the computer components, such as the CPU, the hard disk, and the RAM, within a single case that would sit horizontally/vertically on a desktop. A monitor then sits on top or side of the desktop computer case, and an external mouse and keyboard are attached to it.

Microcomputer and its Types


LaptopLaptop computer is a small, portable personal computer. A laptop is powered by mean of electricity via an AC adapter, and can be used from an outlet using a rechargeable battery. It has most of the same components as a desktop computer, including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device such as a touchpad (also known as a trackpad) and/or a pointing stick, and speakers into a single unit.

NotebookNotebook is an extremely lightweight personal computer. Notebook computers typically weigh less than and are small enough to fit easily in a briefcase. They have the same CPUs, memory capacity, and disk drives. Notebook computers come with battery packs that enable you to run them without plugging them in.

PalmtopA palmtop, or a PDA, is a small computer that you can hold in your hand and carry in your pocket. It can fit on the palm of your hand. A modern PDA has a full-colour liquid-crystal touch-sensitive screen. You can work on it either with a stylus or with your fingers. Besides the touchscreen, a PDA may have a full physical QWERTY keyboard. It also may have various complementary modules: Wi-Fi, IrDA, Bluetooth, GPS, etc.

The Radio Shack Pocket Computer from 1980 was the first programmable computer to fit in a shirt pocket.

Do You Know?


• A computer is an electronic device which is capable of receiving the inputs, storing it, manipulating it according to the set of instructions (called program) and producing the output to the user.

• Hardware is the physical component that makes up a computer system.

• Software is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it.

• A microcomputer is a computer with a central processing unit (CPU) as a microprocessor.

• Notebook computers typically weigh less than and are small enough to fit easily in a briefcase.

• A palmtop, or a PDA, is a small computer that you can hold in your hand and carry in your pocket.

Computer A machine designed to automatically accept and store input data, process it and produce desired results under the direction of the instructions written in the program.

Hardware The physical components that make up a computer system.

Software A collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it.

Microcomputer A computer with a central processing unit (CPU) as a microprocessor.

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“Bytes”


Fill in the blanks.a. A set of instructions which are given to the computer in order

to perform specified tasks is called________________________.b. Computer ____________________ is the component device that

are the building blocks of personal computers.c. A __________________ is a computer with a central processing

unit (CPU) as a microprocessor.d. ____________________ computer is a small, portable personal

computer. e. A ___________________ is a small computer that you can hold

in your hand and carry in your pocket.

Decide whether the statements are true or false.a. Computers work with the help of analog signals.b. Computer hardware parts work with the computer software

to complete a given task as per the commands/instructions given by a user.

c. A microcomputer is a computer with a central processing unit (CPU) as a microprocessor.

d. Desktop is an extremely lightweight personal computer. e. A palmtop, or a PDA, is a small computer that you can hold in

your hand and carry in your pocket.

Write the technical term for each of the following statements.a. The physical component that makes up a computer system.b. A collection of computer programs and related data that

provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it.

Question Drill


c. A computer with a central processing unit (CPU) as a microprocessor.

d. A computer that typically weigh less than and are small enough to fit easily in a briefcase.

e. A small computer that you can hold in your hand and carry in your pocket.

Match the following.Software The physical parts of a computer system.Hardware A set of machine-readable instructions that

directs a computer’s processor to perform specific operations.

Laptop computer A personal computer built to be used at a desk.

Palmtop A small, portable personal computer. Desktop computer A small computer that you can hold in your

hand and carry in your pocket.

Answer the following questions.a. What is a computer?b. What are four basic functions of a computer?c. Define the following terms: i. Input ii. Processing iii. Outputd. What are the features of a computer?e. List any three benefits of a computer? f. What is a computer hardware? Give examples.g. What is a software?h. What is a firmware?i. What is a microcomputer? List its types.j. What is a laptop computer? Name few components present in

the laptop computer.


Complete the grid to find the computer terms using the clues given below.

1 H A

2 S E

3 L E

4 L P P

5 P P

Activity Bag

Discuss with the children the important features of a computer. Explain the benefits of using a computer and also discuss the various types of microcomputers.

Teachers’ Corner

1. The physical parts of a computer system.2. A set of machine-readable instructions that directs a

computer’s processor to perform specific operations.3. All the people involved with the computer

manufacturing, programming and operating.4. A small, portable personal computer. 5. A small computer that you can hold in your hand and

carry in your pocket.

Clue Box


A computer peripheral is an external device that provides input and output for the computer. It is usually separated from the CPU by a device controller. Peripheral equipment allow for ease of interaction with computers. For example, a keyboard and mouse are input peripherals, while a monitor and printer are output peripherals. Computer peripherals, or peripheral devices, are sometimes called “I/O devices” because they provide input and output for the computer.

Chapter2 Computers Peripherals

• Define computer peripheral and explain the different types of computer peripheral devices.

• Define input device and identify the types of input devices.

• Define output devices and identify the types of output devices.

• Identify and explain the different types of secondary storage.

My Learning Plan

Introduction


Input device is used to enter data and instructions into a computer. It converts these data and instructions into electrical signals that are recognized by the computer. A large variety of input devices are available, but the most commonly used input devices are keyboard, mouse, trackball, touch sensitive pad, joystick, light pen, bar code reader, microphone, digital camera and scanner.

KeyboardComputer keyboard is the primary input device. It is used to enter data and instructions into a computer. A keyboard has buttons called keys which once pressed provide input instructions to the computer. Standard keyboards contain alphabetic characters, punctuation symbols, numbers and a variety of function keys. There are various types of keyboards such as wired, wireless, normal and multimedia keyboards.

The standard arrangement of alphabetic keys is known as the Qwerty (pronounced K.WEHR-tee) keyboard, its name derived from the arrangement of the five keys at the upper left of the three rows of alphabetic keys.

Input Devices

The Commodore PET-2001 (1977) has the worst keyboards of any full-size computer.

Do You Know?

Do You Know?


Pointing device to control the movement of the pointer to select items on a display screen. Examples of pointing devices include mouse, trackball, joystick, touchpad and graphics tablet.

TouchpadTouchpad is a touch sensitive screen (pad) that takes the action of fingers as input instructions. The fingers on the pad act like a mouse and the tapping of fingers does the various actions of a mouse button. They are present in all laptops.

Graphics TabletGraphics tablet is an input device used by artists to allow them to draw a picture onto a computer screen without using a mouse or keyboard. It has a hard plastic, touch-sensitive drawing surface that transfers stylus or mouse movements to a monitor. It is also referred to as a drawing tablet or drawing pad.

Pointing Devices

Apple Inc introduced touchpads in the PowerBook series in 1994.

Do You Know?


A digital camera stores images digitally rather than recording them on film. Once a picture has been taken, it can be downloaded to a computer system, and then manipulated with a graphics program and printed. The digital camera can be powered by batteries.

Barcode reader or scanner, also known as a point of sale (POS) scanner is a hardware device. It is capable to read a barcode and printing out the details of the product or logging that product into a database. A perfect example of a barcode reader is a super market barcode scanner that reads and logs the price of a product.

Webcam is a camera connected to a computer that allows anyone connected to the Internet to view either still pictures or motion video of a user or other object. Today, most webcams are either embedded into the display with laptop computers or connected to the USB.

Digital Camera

Barcode Reader

Webcam


LCD

mon

itor

CRT

mon

itor

An output device is responsible for displaying the output. It receives information from the computer and translates it from machine language to a form that human can understand. It includes monitors, printers, speakers, headsets and data projectors.

MonitorMonitor is the most commonly used output device on personal computer. It displays information on a screen. The output displayed on a display screen is often referred to as soft copy. The basic types of monitors are Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitors and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitors. The CRT monitors look like televisions, and are used with non-portable computer systems. LCD monitors are flat and occupy less space.

Output Devices

PrinterPrinter is the most popular output device that produces output in a permanent readable form. Computer printers are commonly divided into two general classes according to the way they produce images on paper: • Impact printer • Non-impact printer


Impact PrinterImpact printer is a computer-driven high-speed printer that operates like a typewriter. It strikes a type character against paper with an inked ribbon in between. It automatically feeds continuous forms through as it prints, one line at a time. Print quality is low, but these printers are mainly used for printing backup copies of large amounts of data. The impact printers are dot matrix and daisy wheel printer.

Daisy wheel printer

Dot matrix printer

Non-Impact PrinterNon-impact printer is the one in which the printing is done with ink-jet, electrostatic, chemical, laser beam and thermal technology. The quality of printing is very high. It is less noisy, faster and produce high-quality graphics. Inkjet printer and laser printer are examples of non-impact printers.

Laser printer

Ink jet printer


Secondary memory (or secondary storage) is the slowest and cheapest form of memory. It is used for storing information permanently for future reference. Examples of secondary storage devices include external hard drives, USB flash drives and optical disk. These devices must be connected to a computer’s external I/O ports in order to be accessed by the system.

Hard DiskThe hard disk drive is the main data storage device in a computer. It is located inside the system unit. The hard disk is housed inside the hard drive, which reads and writes data to the disk. The hard drive also transmits data back and forth between the CPU and the disk. It provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data. Today’s computers typically come with a hard disk that contains several billion bytes (gigabytes) of storage.

Flash DriveFlash drive is a small, portable flash memory device used for storing data. It is typically small, lightweight, removable and rewritable. They are easy to use as they are small enough to be carried in a pocket and can plug into any computer with a USB drive.

Secondary Storage

The first hard disk was invented by IBM in 1956.

Do You Know?


• A computer peripheral is any external device that provides input and output for the computer.

• Computer keyboard is the primary input device that is used to enter data and instructions into a computer.

• Pointing device is can control the movement of the pointer to select items on a display screen.

• Barcode reader or scanner, also known as a point of sale (POS) scanner is a hardware device.

• Webcam is a camera connected to a computer that allows anyone connected to the Internet to view either still pictures or motion video of a user or other object.

• Output device is responsible for displaying the output. • Printer is the most popular output device that produces

output in a permanent readable form.

Peripheral Any external device that provide input and output for the computer.

Input device A device that is used to enter data and instructions into a computer.

Impact printer A computer-driven high-speed printer that operates like a typewriter in that it strikes a type character against paper with an inked ribbon in between.

Output device A device that is responsible for displaying the output.

Secondary memory The memory used for storing information permanently for future reference.

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Fill in the blanks.

a. A _______________ is any external device that provides input and output for the computer.

b. ________________is a device with which you can control the movement of the pointer to select items on a display screen.

c. A ________________ is a device that plays digital media.

d. ______________ is a printer in which the printing is done with ink-jet, electrostatic, chemical, laser beam and thermal technology.

e. _______________ is a small, portable flash memory device used for storing data.

Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

a. Touchscreen is a touch sensitive screen (pad) that takes the action of fingers as input instructions.

b. A webcam is a camera connected to a computer that allows anyone connected to the Internet to view either still pictures or motion video of a user or other object.

c. Impact printer is less noisy, faster and produce high-quality graphics.

d. Secondary devices must be connected to a computer’s external I/O ports in order to be accessed by the system.

e. Flash drive is a small, portable flash memory device used for storing data.

Question Drill


Choose the best answer.a. Touchpad is a/an i. input device ii. output device iii. part of a CPU iv. none of the above

b. Which is an input device? i. keyboard ii. Graphics tablet iii. Digital camera iv. All of the above

c. A printer gives a i. photocopy ii. sound iii. hard copy iv. none of the above

d. A monitor produces i. hard copy ii. sound iii. soft copy iv. none of the above

Answer the following questions.

a. What is a computer peripheral? Give examples.

b. What is an input device? How many types of keyboards are there?

c. What is a pointing device? Name some pointing devices.

d. What is the difference between digital camera and webcam?

e. What is an output device? Give examples.

f. What is the difference between impact printer and non-impact printer?

g. What is a secondary storage? Give examples.

h. What is a hard disk?

i. What is a flash drive?


S.No Devices Text Audio Graphics Video Pointing

1 Keyboard

2 Mouse

3 Touchpad

4 Joystick

5 Light pen

6 Webcam

Identify the type of input these devices produce. Tick in the appropriate column.

Name the following devices.

Activity Bag

Explain the children the importance of computer peripherals in a computer system. Show the different input, output and secondary devices attached to the computer system.

Teachers’ Corner


The Internet has greatly changed the way people use computers and communicate today. The Internet, in simplest terms, is the large group of millions of computers around the world that are all connected to one another. These computers are connected by phone lines, fiber optic lines, coaxial cable, satellites, and wireless connections. The computers, connected to the Internet, can access information available on other computers connected to the Internet and can also send messages to other computers.

Chapter3 The Internet and

WWW

• Define the Internet and explain the important services of the Internet.

• List the essential requirements for the Internet connection.

• Explain World Wide Web and define each Web technology terms.

My Learning Plan

Introduction


The Internet is named for “interconnection of computer networks”. It is a massive hardware combination of millions of personal, business, and governmental computers, all connected like roads and highways. You can perform almost every type of task on the Internet. Some of them are discussed below:

Electronic MailElectronic mail (E-Mail) is the most popular feature on the Internet. It is a system of world-wide electronic communication in which a computer user can compose a message at one terminal that can be regenerated at the recipient’s terminal when the recipient logs in. Email is fast, easy, inexpensive and saves paper.

InformationOne of the reasons the Internet is so important in education is because of the wealth of information that the Internet contains. The Internet has become very useful in the field of education and every news information is available online so you can update yourself any time according to your own needs and time table. The biggest source for online information for education is the encyclopedia and it is available online and any one can use it to get desired information.

What the Internet offers

The Internet evolved in 1969 when the United States Department of Defence started a network called ARPAnet.

Do You Know?


EntertainmentThere are a lot of sites that provide free music to all the people who want to hear music as they work online. There are also many other sites that give out free music files that can be downloaded by the person. Other than all these, there are also web sites that have music files that can be purchased online. There are also a wide variety of music files that are present online which makes it very easy for people to get their fill of music from the Internet.

Online computer games are the important source of entertainment on the Internet.

Do You Know?

Internet chatInternet chat is another method of relaxing and provides for the entertainment needs of people online. Internet chat is a kind of communication through the net and it offers immediate or instant broadcast of text-based messages from sender to recipient. This kind of communication is normally easy, very fast and convenient.

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is one of the oldest forms of instant messaging and chat rooms on the internet.

Do You Know?


The essential requirements for the Internet connection are:

ComputerYou can use any type of computer, such as an IBM-compatible or Macintosh computer, to connect to the Internet.

SoftwareMost computers come with software to help you set up the computer to access the Internet. You also need software, such as a Web browser, to access information on the Internet. Most new computers come with this software installed.

MODEM or High Speed ConnectionYou need a modem or high-speed Internet connection to connect to the Internet. Broadband connections offer another way to connect to the Internet. These connections are typically very fast. They also allow the user to stay connected to the Internet at all times.The user only need to open a browser window to access the Internet.

Getting Connected


Internet Service Provider (ISP)An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that gives you access to the Internet. Many ISPs offer you certain number of hours per month for a set fee. If you exceed the total number of hours, you are usually charged for every extra hour you use the provider. Some ISPs offer unlimited access to the Internet for a set fee.

World Wide Web is one of the most popular online resources on the Internet. The World Wide Web consists of all the public Web sites connected to the Internet worldwide, including the client devices (such as computers and cell phones) that access Web content. It was created by Timothy Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN and introduced to the world in 1991. It is a global medium that contains linked text, image, sound, and video documents. It allows user to view images, look at film clips, listen to sound recordings, and find valuable and interesting information about a wide variety of subjects.

World Wide Web

Researcher Tim Berners-Lee led the development of the original World Wide Web in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Do You Know?


Web ServerWeb server is a computer that stores websites on the Internet and delivers web pages to viewers upon request. This service is referred to as web hosting. Every web server has a unique address, called an Internet Protocol address, that tells other computers connected to the Internet where to find the server on the vast network.Some of the popular Web servers are Internet Information Server (IIS) from Microsoft and FastTrack from Netscape.

WebsiteA website is a collection of web pages (documents that are accessed through the Internet), such as the one you’re looking at now. A web page is what you see on the screen when you type in a web address, click on a link, or put a query in a search engine. A web page can contain any type of information, and can include text, color, graphics, animation and sound. Examples of some common Web sites are www.google.com and www.internet4kids.com.

Web PageA web page is a document stored in an electronic form on a computer connected to the Internet. It is written in HTML (hypertext markup language) and are translated by your Web browser. Web Pages and Web Sites are stored on powerful computers called Web Servers which can be accessed by various Internet users across the world.

Web BrowserWeb browser is software that is used to access the internet. It lets you visit websites and do activities within them like login, view multimedia, link from one site to another, visit one page from another, print, send and receive email, among many other activities. The most common browser software titles on the market are: Microsoft Internet Explorer,Google’s Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Computer’s Safari, and Opera.


• The Internet, in simplest terms, is the large group of millions of computers around the world that are all connected to one another.

• Email is fast, easy, inexpensive and saves paper.• The biggest source for online information for education is the

encyclopedia and it is available online and any one can use it to get desired information.

• Internet chat is a kind of communication through the net and it offers immediate or instant broadcast of text-based messages from sender to recipient.

• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that gives you access to the Internet.

• World Wide Web is a global medium that contains linked text, image, sound, and video documents.

Internet The large group of millions of computers around the world that are all connected to one another.

Internet chat A kind of communication through the net and it offers immediate or instant broadcast of text-based messages from sender to recipient.

World Wide Web A system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.

Web server A computer that stores websites on the Internet and delivers web pages to viewers upon request.

Web page A document stored in an electronic form on a computer connected to the Internet.

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Question Drill

Fill in the blanks.

a. ________________________is the large group of millions of computers around the world that are all connected to one another.

b. The Internet evolved in 1969 when the United States Department of Defence started a network called ____________________.

c. The essential requirements for the Internet connection are:_____________, ________________, _________________ and ___________________.

d. _________________ was created by Timothy Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN and introduced to the world in 1991.

e. ______________________ is a computer that stores websites on the Internet and delivers web pages to viewers upon request.

Decide whether these statements are true or false.a. Internet connects millions of computers to share the information. b. Email is a kind of communication through the net and it offers

immediate or instant broadcast of text-based messages from sender to recipient.

c. The World Wide Web consists of all the public Web sites connected to the Internet worldwide, including the client devices (such as computers and cell phones) that access Web content.

d. Website is a computer that stores websites on the Internet and delivers web pages to viewers upon request.

e. Web browser is software that is used to access the internet.


Visit the following sites you can use to send ecards for any occastion.

www.123greetings.com

www.bluemountain.com

www.ecards.com

www.egreetings.com

Log into a news channel and read the news on it.

http://www.ekantipur.com/en/

http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/

Answer the following questions.a. What is the Internet?b. What are the uses of the Internet? c. What is a chat? What can you do on chat?d. What is online shopping?e. What are the requirements for getting connected to the

Internet?f. What is World Wide Web? Who created World Wide Web?g. What is Web server?h. What is Web site? Name any two common Web sites.i. What is Web page?

Activity Bag

Explain the importance of the Internet. Discuss the essential requirement for the Internet connection . And also explain them the difference between the Internet and WWW.

Teachers’ Corner


Computers need operating system software in order to manage resources and accept commands from the user. An operating system is a program designed to run other programs on a computer. It is considered the backbone of a computer, managing both software and hardware resources. Operating systems are responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to recognize input from external devices and transmit output to computer displays. They also manage files on computer hard drives and control peripherals, like printers and scanners. The popular operating system are:• Diskoperatingsystem(DOS)• Windowsxp• Windows7• Linux

Chapter4 File Management Techniques

• Explain the importance of Microsoft Windows XP in a computer system.

• Explain how to explore programs using the Start menu

• Explain the steps to manage files/folders in Windows XP.

My Learning Plan

Introduction


Microsoft Windows is an operating system created by an American software company Microsoft Corporation. It is very popular because it is easy to use.TostartWindows7,followthesesteps:

• Turn ON your computer and monitor.

• A dialog box may appear, asking you to enter your username and password.

• Type your username and password. Then press the Enter.

Windows will start and desktop icons are displayed on the screen.

Desktop Icons

Start Button

Taskbar

After completing your work, you need to shut down your computer.

• Click on the Start button. The Start menu will open.

• Click on Shut Down. The Shut Down Windows dialog box will appear.

• Click on the Shut Down button.

Microsoft Windows 7

Notification Area


The Windows Desktop is the background area of your screen. It allows the user to communicate with the computer. It has various components.

Components Description

Taskbar By default, the taskbar is located on the bottom edge of the desktop. You can click the taskbar and drag it to other locations. The Start button, active program buttons, icons for quick access to programs, and the current time are located on the taskbar.

My Computer The My Computer icon provides access to the resources on your computer. You can access your drives and other peripherals by clicking on the My Computer icon.

Internet Explorer The Internet Explorer icon launches the Internet Explorer browser.

The Recycle Bin When you delete an object, Windows XP sends it to the Recycle Bin. You can restore objects that are located in the Recycle Bin or you can permanently delete them.

Program, folder, and Program, folder, and document icons document icons do not have an arrow in the lower left

corner. They represent the actual object and provide direct access to the object.

Windows Desktop


Programs enable you to do work on the computer. For example, a word processing program, such as WordPad, allows you to create a basic document. You can easily open a program from the Start menu using the All Programs button.

To open a program using the Start menu, follow these steps:

• Click Start button.

• Click All Programs and slide your mouse pointer until you’ve selected the program you want to open (it turns blue).

• Click to open the program you’ve selected. (Remember, programs with small black arrows beside them will open another cascading menu. Simply drag your mouse pointer to make your selection.)

• To close a program, click the Close button located at the top right of the window.

Perform all the following activities in Windows 7.a. Start up a computer.b. Find all the elements of

Windows 7 desktop.c. Click on the Start Button

and make a list of programs in your notebook.

d. Shut down the computer.

Activity

Exploring Programs


The Windows Explorer is a program that allows for viewing or organizing files in different parts of your computer. In Windows 7,useWindowsExplorertodiscoverwhatyourcomputerhastooffer. With Windows Explorer, you can navigate through Windows 7librariesandfolders,previewcontentdetails,andusekeywordsto search for specific documents.

To view files using Windows Explorer follow these steps:• Click Start button | All Programs | Accessories | Windows

Explorer. Each Explorer window includes the following elements.

Windows Explorer

Address Bar

Command Bar

Search Box

Navigation Pane

Content Area


A folder is a location in which you can store files and other folders. It helps to organize the information stored on your computer. We can create a folder on the desktop so as to have quick and easy access to it.

To create a folder on the desktop, follow these steps:• Go to the location (such as a folder or the desktop) where you

want to create a new folder.• Right-click a blank area on the desktop or in the folder window,

point to New, and then click Folder.• Type a name for the new folder, and then press Enter.

Create a New Folder

Create a folder named Folder1_1 in Folder1 and two folders named Folder5_1 and Folder5_2 in Folder5.

Activity Perform all the following activities in Windows 7.


A file is a collection of related information. You can instantly create, name and store a new file in the location you want.

To create a file on the desktop, follow these steps:• Right-click a blank area on your desktop. A menu appears:• Click on New.• Click on the type of the file that you want to create.• Type a name for the new file and then press Enter key.

Create a New File

Windows provides several ways to find files and folders. You can use the search box on the Start menu to find files, folders, programs, and e-mail messages stored on your computer.

To find an item using the Start menu, follow these steps:• Click the Start button, and then type a word or part of a word

in the search box.• As you type, items that match your text will appear on the Start

menu. The search is based on text in the file name, text in the file, tags, and other file properties.

• Note• When searching from the Start menu, only files that have

been indexed will appear in search results. Most files on your computer are indexed automatically. For example, anything you include in a library is automatically indexed.

Find a file or folder

Using Paint, draw a geometrical figures and save it. In doing so use as many tools as you can without making it a mess.



There are several ways to select multiple files or folders.• To select a consecutive group of files or folders, click the first

item, press and hold down the Shift key, and then click the last item.

• To select multiple files or folders that are near each other, drag the mouse pointer to create a selection around the outside of all the items that you want to include.

• To select non-consecutive files or folders, press and hold down the Ctrl key, and then click each item that you want to select.

• To select all of the files or folders in a window, on the toolbar, click Organize, and then click Select all. If you want to exclude one or more items from your selection, press and hold down the Ctrl key, and then click the items.

To select multiple files or folders by using check boxes, follow these steps:

• Click to open Folder Options.

• Click the View tab.

• Select the Use check boxes to select items check box, and then click OK.

• To clear a selection, click a blank area of the window.

Tip• After selecting files or folders, you can perform many common

tasks, such as copying, deleting, renaming, printing, and compressing. Simply right-click the selected items, and then click the appropriate choice.

Select multiple files or folders


If you move a file/folder move the original to a different location.No duplicate is made. When you copy a file or folder, you duplicate it in another location, leaving the original in place.

To move/copy a file or folder, follow these steps: • Open the location that contains the file you want to copy.• Right-click the file, and then click Cut/Copy.

Moving or Copying a File

• Open the location where you want to store the copy.• Right-click an empty space within the location, and then click

Paste. The copy of the original file is now stored in the new location.

a. Copy all the files in Folder1 to the folder Folder5_1 present in Folder5.

b. Move all the files in Folder5_1 to the Folder2.



One way to rename a file is to open the program that was used to create the file, open the file, and then save it with a different name. However,

To rename a file or folder follow these steps: • Right-click the file that you want to rename, and then click

Rename.

Rename a File

• Type the new name, and then press Enter. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

Tip• You can also rename several files at one time, which is useful

for grouping related items. To do this, select the files, and then follow the steps above. Type one name, and then each of the files will be saved with the new name and a different sequential number at the end (for example, Renamed File (2), Renamed File (3), and so on).


You can delete a file or a folder that you no longer need. The files that you delete are put in the Recycle Bin, a holding place for files you no longer need. They are actually not removed from your hard disk until you “empty” the Recycle Bin.

To delete a file or folder follow these steps: • Right-click the file or folder that you want to delete, and then

click Delete. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

To restore a file or folder, follow these steps: • Double click Recycle Bin icon on the desktop.• Select the desired file in Recycle Bin.• Click Restore command in the File menu.

To empty Recycle Bin, follow these steps: • Right-click the Recycle Bin icon on the desktop and choose

Empty Recycle Bin from the shortcut menu.

Delete a file or folder


• Computers need operating system software in order to manage resources and accept commands from the user.

• An operating system is a program designed to run other programs on a computer.

• Operating systems are responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to recognize input from external devices and transmit output to computer displays.

• Microsoft Windows is an operating system created by an American software company Microsoft Corporation.

• The My Computer icon provides access to the resources on your computer.

• The Windows Explorer is a program that allows for viewing or organizing files in different parts of your computer.

Operating System A software program that enables the computer hardware to

communicate and operate with the computer software.

Desktop The main screen of Windows that appears on the monitor screen when you switch On the computer.

Windows Explorer A program that allows for viewing or organizing files in different parts of your computer.

Folder A location in which you can store files and other folders.

File A collection of related information.

Wor

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Memory

“Bytes”


Fill in the blanks.

a. An _____________________is a program designed to run other programs on a computer.

b. ___________________ is an operating system created by an American software company Microsoft Corporation.

c. The Windows ___________________ is the background area of your screen.

d. The ___________________ is a program that allows for viewing or organizing files in different parts of your computer.

e. A ___________________ is a location in which you can store files and other folders.

Decide whether the statements are true or false.

a. Computers need operating system software in order to manage resources and accept commands from the user.

b. The Recycle Bin icon provides access to the resources on your computer.

c. The Windows Explorer is a program that allows for viewing or organizing files in different parts of your computer.

d. File helps to organize the information stored on your computer.

e. When you copy a file or folder, you duplicate it in another location, leaving the original in place.

Answer the following questions.

a. What is an operating system? Name some of the popular operating system.

b. What is Microsoft Windows?

Question Drill


c. What is Windows Desktop? What are the components of Windows Desktop?

d. What is the use of Recycle Bin?

e. What is Windows Explorer? Write the steps to view files using Windows Explorer.

f. What is a folder?

g. What is a file?

e. What is the difference between moving a file and copying a file?

Do the following tasks in microsoft windows.

a. Open Windows Explorer and explore the contents of your hard disk.

b. Create a folder named “Mouse” in the My Documents folder and then rename it “Cat”.

c. Create a folder named “Alphabet” in My Documents. Move this folder to a different location. Then make a copy of the folder in My Documents.

Activity Bag

Explain the children the concept of an operating system. Also explain them the advantages of using Windows 7. Explain the steps for managing file in Windows 7.

Teachers’ Corner


A word processor is a software application that enables a personal computer user to create, format, edit, save and retrieve documents. The documents may contain text, numbers, graphics, photographs or a combination of two or more of these formats. It may be installed on a desktop or laptop computer or be part of both operating system software programs. As technology advanced, the word processor became more sophisticated. New features were steadily introduced and typically included font directories and formatting capabilities, such as italics, boldfacing, column creation and pagination. Internal spell checking capabilities were soon added, along with grammar checking programs and thesauruses. It is used by many businesses mainly for official corresponence. Microsoft Word, WordStar, Professional Write, Word Perfect are some of the popular word processors.

Chapter5 MicrosoftWord2010

• Explain the importance of word processor in business organization.

• List the advantages of Microsoft Word 2010.

• Explain the steps to format text and paragraph in Microsoft Word 2010.

My Learning Plan

Introduction


Microsoft Word is a widely used commercial word processor designed by Microsoft. It is one of the products under the MS-Office packages developed by Microsoft Corporation, USA. Microsoft Word is often called simply Word or MS Word. Microsoft Office Word 2010 allows you to create and edit personal and business documents, such as letters, reports, invoices, emails and books.

Microsoft Word offers the following advantages:

• Corrections can easily be made to your work

• To store and reuse ready-made content and formatted elements such as cover pages and sidebars.

• You can save your work and come back to it at a later time

• You can edit your work as many times as you like. You can save different versions and go back to an earlier one

• You can make use of the many features available with the software e.g. borders, text layout

• You can make use of the tools e.g. spell checker, grammar checker to improve the accuracy of your document

• You can make use of the large number of templates available or you could create your own template and house style

• You can import data from a database or spreadsheet and use it to create a mail merge.

Thedefaultfileformatwas.docpriortotheMicrosoftWord2007version; in 2010, .docx became the default file format.

Microsoft Word 2010

Office 2013 was released to manufacturing on October 11, 2012.

Do You Know?


Click the “Start” button, then “All Programs.” Open the “Microsoft Office” folder if you have the whole Office suite installed. Click “Microsoft Word 2010” to open the program.

When you start Microsoft Word, the default Word window appears. This displays element for accessing tools to create, edit, and format a document.

The major components of the default window are:

• File Tab - The File tab replaces the Office button fromWord 2007.You can click it to checkBackstage view, which is the place to come when you need to open or save files, create new documents, print a document, and do other file-related operations.

Starting Microsoft Word 2010

File TabQuick Access Toolbar

Ribbon

Title barRuler Help

Status bar Document area

View buttons Zoom Control


• Quick Access Toolbar - This you will find just above the File tab and its purpose is to provide a convenient resting place for the Word most frequently used commands. You can customize this toolbar based on your comfort.

• Ribbon - Ribbon contains commands organized in three components:

Tabs They appear across the top of the

Ribbon and contain groups of related commands. Home, Insert, Page Layout are example of ribbon tabs.

Groups They organize related commands;

each group name appears below the group on the Ribbon. For example group of commands related to fonts or group of commands related to alignment etc.

• Commands Commands Commands appear within each

group as mentioned above. • Title bar - This lies in the middle and at the top

or the window. Title bar shows the program and document titles.

• Rulers - Word has two rulers - a horizontal ruler and a vertical ruler. The horizontal ruler appears just beneath the Ribbon and is used to set margins and tab stops. The vertical ruler appears on the left edge of the Word window and is used to gauge the vertical position of elements on the page.


• Help - The Help Icon can be used to get word related help anytime you like. This provides nice tutorial on various subjects related to word.

• Zoom Control - Zoom control lets you zoom in for a closer look at your text. The zoom control consists of a slider that you can slide left or right to zoom in or out, . and + buttons you can click to increase or decrease the zoom factor.

• View Buttons - The group of five buttons located to the left of the Zoom control, near the bottom of the screen, lets you switch among Word’s various document views.

Print Layout view - This displays pages exactly as they will appear when printed.

Full Screen view - This gives a full screen look of the document.

Web Layout view - This shows how a document appears when viewed by a Web browser, such as Internet Explorer.

Outline view - This lets you work with outlines established using Word.s standard heading styles.

Draft view - This formats text as it appears on the printed page with a few exceptions. For example, headers and footers aren’t shown. Most people prefer this mode.

• Document Area - The area where you type. The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it represents the location where text will appear when you type.


Find & Replace

While working on editing a document you come across a situation very frequently when you want to search a particular word in your document and many times you will be willing to replace this word with another word at all the few or all the places throughout of the document.

To locate specific text in your document, follow these steps:

• Click the Find option in the Editing group on the Home tab or press Ctrl + F to launch the Navigation pane.

• Enter a word which you want to search in the search box, as soon as you finish typing, Word searches for the text you entered and displays the results in the navigation pane and highlight the word in the document.

• Finally if you are done with searching operation, you can click close button (X) to close the Navigation Pane.

Find OptionEditing button


Find & Replace Operation

To locate specific text in your document, follow these steps:

• Click the Replace option in the Editing group on the Home tab or press Ctrl + H to launch the Find and Replace dialog box.

• Type a word which you want to search and a word which would like to replace with in the Find and Replace dialog box.

• Click Replace button available on Find and Replace dialog box and you will see first occurrence of the searched word would be replaced with the replace with word. Clicking again on Replace button would replace next occurrence of the searched word. If you will click Replace All button then it would replace all the found words in one go. You can also use Find Next button just to search the next occurence and later you can use Replace button to replace the found word.

• Finally if you are done with finding and replacing operation, you can click Close (X) or Cancel button of the dialog box to close the box.

Replace Option Editing button


Spell Checker

Word Processing software usually comes supplied with a range of useful tools which can help you check the quality of your document.Spell checkers are excellent at helping to reduce the number of spelling mistakes in a document. They can be set to check your text for spelling mistakes as you are typing. If they find an error, the problem word is highlighted with a red squiggly line as shown above. They will also pick up any duplicate words such as ‘and and’.:

To find out wrong spelling mistakes and fixing them, follow these steps:

• Click the Review tab and then click Spelling and Grammar button. A Spelling and Grammar dialog box appears and display wrong spellings or grammar and correct suggestions as shown below:

• Choose the different options to fix the spelling mistake. Word displays a dialog box when it finishes checking for spelling and grammar mistakes, finally Click OK.

Spelling Mistake


Formatted text can emphasize important information and help organize your document. In Word, you have many options for adjusting the font of your text including size, color, and inserting special symbols. You can also adjust the alignment of the text to change how it is displayed on the page.

To change the font size, follow these steps:• Select the text you wish to modify.• Click the drop-down arrow next to the Font Size box on the

Home tab. A drop-down menu appears.• Move the mouse pointer over the various font sizes. A live

preview of the font size will appear in the document.

• Select the font size you wish to use. You can also use the Grow Font and Shrink Font commands to

change the size.

Formatting Text


To change the font, follow these steps:• Select the text you wish to modify.• Click the drop-down arrow next to the Font box on the Home

tab. The Font drop-down menu appears.• Move the mouse pointer over the various fonts. A live preview

of the font will appear in the document.

• Select the font you wish to use. The font will change in the document.

To change the Font Color, follow these steps:• Select the text you wish to modify.• Click the Font Color drop-down arrow on the Home tab. The

Font Color menu appears.• Move the mouse pointer over the various font colors. A live

preview of the color will appear in the document. • Select the font color you wish to use. The font color will change

in the document.

Your color choices aren’t limited to the drop-down menu that appears. Select More Colors at the bottom of the list to access the Colors dialog box. Choose the color that you want and click OK.


To highlight text, follow these steps:• From the Home tab, click the Text Highlight Color drop-down

arrow. The Highlight Color menu appears.

• Select the desired highlight color.• Select the text you wish to modify. It will then be highlighted.• To switch back to the normal cursor, click the Text Highlight

Color command.

To Use the Bold, Italic, and Underline Commands, follow these steps:• Select the text you wish to modify.• Click the Bold (B), Italic (I), or Underline (U) command in the

Font group on the Home tab.


Text alignment is the positioning of the text with respect to left and right margins. In Microsoft Word, you can center the text, align it with the left or right margin, or justify it (so both left and right margins are even). Controlling alignment allows you to add a professional look to your documents. The four types of alignments are:

Alignment Effects on Text

Left Aligns text against the left margin of the page.

Center Centers each line of text between the left and right margins.

Right Aligns text against the right margin of the page.

Justified Aligns text against the right and left margins and evenly spaces out the words.

To align the text, follow these steps:

• Select the text you wish to modify.

• Select one of the four alignment options from the Paragraph group on the Home tab.

Aligning the Text


You can change the case of selected text in a document by clicking a single button called Change Case on the ribbon.

To change the case of selected text in a document, follow these steps:

• Select the text for which you want to change the case.

• On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Change Case.

• Choose an option from the dropdown list, which includes Sentence case, lowercase, UPPERCASE, Capitalize Each Word, and tOGGLE cASE.

Change Text Case

NOTES

• To undo the case change, press CTRL+Z.

• To change case by using a keyboard shortcut, press SHIFT+F3 until the style you want-title case, all caps, or lowercase-is selected.

Home tab Change Case Options

Change Case button Sentence Case Text


Paragraph indentation is a temporary left or right margins for lines of paragraphs. You can indent paragraphs in your document from the left margin, the right margin, or both margins.

Left Indentation

Left indentation means to move the left edge of the paragraph inward, towards the center of the paragraph. Let us use the following steps to create left indentation.

To left align the text, follow these steps:

• Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to indent left and click Increase Indent button available on Home tab or simply press Ctrl + M keys. You can click multiple times to create deeper indentation.

Paragraph Indentation

• You can remove left indentation by clicking Decrease Indent button available on Home tab or simply press Ctrl + Shift+ M keys. You can click multiple times remove deeper indentation.

Home tab Decrease Indent ButtonIncrease Indent Button


Right Indentation

Right indentation means to move the right edge of the paragraph inward towards the center of the paragraph

To right align the text, follow these steps:

• Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to indent right and click Increase Right Indent spinner available on Page Layout tab. You can click multiple the spinner times to create deeper indentation. You can use Left Indent spinners as well to set left indentation from the same place.

• You can remove right indentation by clicking the Decrease Right Indent spinner in opposite direction.

• You can also use to Paragraph Dialog Box to set left and right indentations.

Right Layout tab

Increase Right Indent Spinner

Decrease Right Indent Spinner


Line spacing refers to the space between lines of text in a paragraph. It is measured in lines or in points. It can be set to single-spacing, 1.5 lines, or double-spacing. You can increase or decrease this distance as per your requirement by following few simple steps.

To change line spacing, follow these steps:

• Select the paragraph or paragraphs for which you want to define spacing. You can use any of the text selection method to select the paragraph(s).

• Click the Line and Paragraph Spacing Button triangle to display a list of options to adjust space between the lines. You can select any of the option available by simply clicking over it.

Line Spacing

Home tab Line and Paragraph spacing button


Paragraph spacing is the amount of space between paragraphs. Space can be specified in lines or in points.

To change paragraph spacing, follow these steps:

• Select the paragraph or paragraphs for which you want to define spacing and click the Paragraph Dialog Box Launcher available on Home tab.

• Click Before spinner to increase or decrease the space before the selected paragraph. Similarly click After spinner to increase or decrease the space after the selected paragraph. Finally click OK button to apply the changes.

Paragraph Spacing

Home tabBefore Spinner Paragraph Dialog Box button

After Spinner Preview Box


WordArt is a text modifying feature in Microsoft Word, a popular word processing program. It includes effects such as shadows, outlines, colours, gradients, and 3D effects that can be added to a word or phrase. WordArt can also bend, stretch, skew, or otherwise modify the shape of the text.

To Apply a Quick Style to Text, follow these steps:

Quick Style will automatically apply several effects to your text at once. You can then refine the look of your text by adding or modifying text effects.• Select the text box, or select some text inside of the text box.

The Format tab will appear.• Click the Format tab.• Click the Quick Styles command in the WordArt Styles group. A

drop-down menu will appear.

Creating WordArt

• Select the desired style preset to apply the style to your text.• After you have applied a Quick Style, you can still modify the

font or font color from the Home tab if desired.


Images are a great way to liven up a document, and Word offers a couple of ways of inserting images. There are built-in Clip Art images for just about every topic, so you may be able to find a perfect Clip Art image for your document. If you have a more specific image in mind, you can insert a picture from a file.

To locate Clip Art, follow these steps:• Select the Insert tab.• Click the Clip Art command in the Illustrations group.

Clipart

• The Clip Art options appear in the task pane to the right of the document.

• Enter keywords in the Search for files that are related to the image you wish to insert.

• Click the drop-down arrow in the Results should be filed.• Deselect any types of media you do not wish to see. • If you would like to also search for Clip Art on Office.com, place

a checkmark next to Include Office.com content. Otherwise, it will just search for Clip Art on your computer.

• Click Go.


To Insert Clip Art, follow these steps:• Review the results from a clip art search.• Place your insertion point in the document where you wish to

insert the clip art.• Click an image in the Clip Art pane. It will appear in the

document. • You can also click the drop-down arrow next to the image in the

Clip Art pane to view more options.

To Insert a Picture From a File, follow these steps:• Place your insertion point where you want the image to appear.• Select the Insert tab.• Click the Picture command in the Illustrations group. The Insert

Picture dialog box appears.

• Select the desired image file and click Insert to add it to your document.

• To resize an image, click and drag one of the corner sizing handles. The image will change size while keeping the same proportions. If you want to stretch it horizontally or vertically, you can use the side sizing handles.


Word’s large shape collection allows you to organize and design the image you desire. While you may not need shapes in every document you create, they can add visual appeal.

To use shapes, follow these steps:

To display the Drawing Toolbar, do the following:• Click the Insert tab and then click Shapes option available in

illustrations group. • Select a shape from the drop-down menu.• Click and drag the mouse until the shape is the desired size. • Release the mouse button.

Using Shapes


• A word processor is a software application that enables a personal computer user to create, format, edit, save and retrieve documents.

• Microsoft Word is a widely used commercial word processor designed by Microsoft.

• Spell checkers are excellent at helping to reduce the number of spelling mistakes in a document.

• Formatted text can emphasize important information and help organize your document.

• Text alignment is the positioning of the text with respect to left and right margins.

• Paragraph indentation is a temporary left or right margins for lines of paragraphs.

• Line spacing refers to the space between lines of text in a paragraph.

Word processor A software or a program that is used to write, edit, manipulate, and print text.

Word wrap A feature that automatically moves text to the next line when you reach the end of a line without having to press enter.

Text alignment The positioning of the text with respect to left and right margins.

Indentation A temporary left or right margins for lines for paragraphs.

Paragraph spacing The amount of space between paragraphs.

Wor

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Memory

“Bytes”


Fill in the blanks.a. A _____________________ is a software application that

enables a personal computer user to create, format, edit, save and retrieve documents.

b. _____________________ is a widely used commercial word processor designed by Microsoft.

c. ______________________ is the positioning of the text with respect to left and right margins.

d. _______________________is a temporary left or right margins for lines of paragraphs.

e. ______________________refers to the space between lines of text in a paragraph.

f. ____________________ is the amount of space between paragraphs.

Decide whether the following statements are true or false.a. Microsoft Office Word 2010 allows you to create and edit

personal and business documents, such as letters, reports, invoices, emails and books.

b. The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it represents the location where text will appear when you type.

c. Text indentation is the positioning of the text with respect to left and right margins.

d. Line spacing refers to the space between lines of text in a paragraph.

e. ClipArt includes effects such as shadows, outlines, colours, gradients, and 3D effects that can be added to a word or phrase.

f. Word’s large shape collection allows you to organize and design the image you desire.

Question Drill


Answer the following questions.a. What is a word processor? Name any two word processors.b. What are the advantages of Microsoft Word 2010?c. What are the different types of view available in Microsoft

Word 2010?d. Write the steps to locate specific text in your document.e. What is text alignment? What are the different alignments in

Word?f. What is paragraph indentation? What are the different types of

paragraph indentation?g. What is line spacing?h. What is paragraph spacing?

Do the following tasks in Microsoft Word.

a. Create a new Word document and type the following text.

b. Make the heading bold, italic and 18 points.

c. Format the paragraph as follows:

Alignment-Justified

Line spacing-1.5 lines

d. Save the document.

Activity Bag

Explain the children the uses of word processor. Also help the students to understand the different formatting features available in Word 2010.

Teachers’ Corner


Presentation software is a category of application program used to create sequences of words and pictures that tell a story or help support a speech or public presentation of information. Graphics, pictures, photos and images can reinforce the information being presented. Presentation graphics are the visualization of information and ideas. Presentation program is used to display information normally in the form of a slide-show. Text, graphics, movies, and other objects are positioned on individual pages or ‘slides’. These slides can be printed or more usually displayed on screen and navigated through at the command of the presenter. Transitions between the slides can be animated in a variety of ways to make the Slide Show more effective and interesting.

Chapter6 MicrosoftPowerPoint

2010

• Define presentation software and explain its importance.

• List the advantages of Microsoft Powerpoint.• Explain the steps to create, format and

animate objects in Microsoft Powerpoint.

My Learning Plan

Introduction


Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation software from Microsoft. It offers many features to create eye-catching presentations. A presentation is a systematic display of information along with graphics. It consists of a number of slides to which colour, images and sounds can be added to make the topic more interesting and clear. Slides are the individual pages of PowerPoint presentation and the software enables the display of slides one by one on the screen.

Microsoft PowerPoint has the following advantages:• Powerpoint offers a variety of premade templates and layouts

for users. • Powerpoint presentation often features a pleasing appearance

and interesting graphics, which keeps the audience interested.• After the presentation, the Powerpoint slides can be distributed

easily to the necessary people for future references. • Powerpoint gives you the flexibility to make presentations

using a projection device attached to a personal computer.• Powerpoint helps you to create quick presentations for many

purposes, including lectures, research reports, meeting handouts and agendas speaker introductions, and many other events.

Microsoft PowerPoint is the name of a proprietary commercial software presentation program developed by Microsoft. It was developed by Microsoft and officially launched on May 22, 1990. It is part of the Microsoft Office suite, and runs on Microsoft Windows and Apple’s Mac OS X operating system.

Do You Know?

Microsoft PowerPoint 2010


Click the “Start” button, then “All Programs.” Open the “Microsoft Office” folder if you have the whole Office suite installed. Click “Microsoft PowerPoint 2010” to open the program. The Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2010 window will open on your screen with the components as marked below.

The major components of the default window are:• Title bar - Displays the name of the

presentation and the program• Quick Access Toolbar - Contains frequently used

commands that are independent of the tab displayed on the Ribbon

• Ribbon - Contains all the commands related to managing presentations and working with presentation content

Starting Microsoft PowerPoint 2010

Office button Quick Access Toolbar Title barCommand tabs

Groups

Ribbon

Slide/Outline pane

Slide Pane

Status bar

Task bar Notes pane

View buttons


• Slide Pane - Shows the current slide as it will appear in the presentation

• Notes pane - Appears below the Slide pane and provides a place for entering notes about the current slide.

• Status bar - Displays information about the current presentation and provides access to certain program functions.

Exploring the Ribbon

The Ribbon is the strip of buttons across the top of the main window. You no longer have to hunt endlessly through many menus and sub menus to find the command you want. Commands are located in logical places now.

Tab DescriptionFile Tab Displays the Backstage view which

contains related to managing files and customizing the program

Home Tab Contains commands related to creating slide content

Insert Tab Contains commands related to all the items you can insert into a presentation

Design Tab Contains commands related to the appearance of a presentation

Transitions Tab Contains commands related to the transition of slides in a presentation

Animation Tab Contains commands related to slide animation

Slide Show Tab Contains commands related to displaying a presentation

Review Tab Contains commands related to editorial taks

View Tab Contains commands related to changing the view


Exploring the Backstage View

The Backstage view contains all the commands related to managing files and customizing the program. It provides an easy way to create, open, save, print, share, and close files; find recently used files, view and update properties; set permissions; set program options; get help; and exit the program.

Creating a Presentation

When you start PowerPoint 2010 without opening a specific presentation, a new blank presentation containing one slide is displayed, ready for you to enter your content. You can also create a new presentation while PowerPoint 2010 is running.

To create a new presentation, follow these steps:• Click the File tab on the Ribbon. The Backstage view displays.• Click New in the left pane. The New tab displays.• Under Available Templates and Themes, select Blank

presentation.• Click the Create button in the right pane. A new blank

presentation opens in a new window.

To display the Backstage view, follow these steps:• Click the File tab on the Ribbon.


Entering Text

A new blank presentation includes one slide which is based on the Title Slide layout. The slide contains two placeholders, one formatted for a title and the other formatted for a subtitle. The arrangement of placeholders on a slide is called a layout. There are several other slide layouts available in PowerPoint and each provides placeholders for inserting various types of content. When you click inside a placeholder, PowerPoint switcheds to edit mode; the placeholder appears with dashed borders with sizing handles, a rotate handle and the insertion point appears in the placeholder. When the insertion point reaches the end of the line, the text you are typing automatically moves to the next line. Pressing the Enter key starts a new line. If you type more text, powerPoint reduces the size of the text so that all the text fits in the placeholder.


Insert New Slides

New slides are inserted after the current or displayed slide. When you add a new slide, PowerPoint uses the Title and Text slide layout. Some placeholders allow you to double-click the placeholder and then access other objects such as media clips, charts, diagrams, and organization charts.

To add a new slide, do the following:

• On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click the arrow below New Slide, and then click the slide layout that you want.

a. Create a blank presentation.b. Add a new slide.c. Format a presentation slide.

Activity Perform all the following activities in PowerPoint.


Selecting a slide layout in PowerPoint 2010 is very simple. PowerPoint features several layouts and you can create a slide show using one or all of them. If you are making a PowerPoint presentation, knowledge about the layouts will assist you in developing an exciting show. Slide layouts allow your PowerPoint presentation to have a variety of different styles. When you create a new slide, you have to choose a layout for that slide. You can change the layout for the current slide keeping the same text.

To change a slide’s layout, follow these steps:

• In the Slide pane, display the slide that you want to apply a new layout to.

• On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click the Layout button and select the desired layout from the gallery.

Changing the Layout of a Slide


PowerPoint 2010 includes a number of features that can be used to easily format a presentation. Formatting can enhance the appearance of the presentation and can make it more visually appealing to your intended audience.

Changing FontA font is defined as a group of characters sharing similar type attributes. The default font used in a presentation is determined by the theme that is applied to the presentation.

To change the font, follow these steps:

• Select the text that you want to format.

• On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the Font arrow and select the desired font from the list.

Formatting a Presentation


Changing the Font SizeFont size is measured in points. The larger the font size, the larger the text. The default font size of titles and other text in a presentation is determined by the theme that is applied to the presentation.

To change the font size, follow these steps:• Select the text that you want to format.• On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the Font Size arrow

and select the desired font size from the list.

Changing the Font StyleFont style refers to type enhancements such as bold and italic. They can be used to emphasize key words in a presentation.

To change the font style, follow these steps:• Select the text that you want to format.


• On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the button for the desired font style.

Changing the Font ColorColor can be used to emphasize text in a presentation. The default font color used in a presentation is determined by the theme that is applied to the presentation. When selecting colors, be sure there is enough contrast betwen the background and text color to make the presentation easier to read.

To change the font color, follow these steps:• Select the text that you want to format.• On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the Font Color button

to apply the color on the button.Note• To select a different color, click the Font Color arrow and select

the desired color from the color palette.


Do you want to add something extra to your PowerPoint presentation? Inserting clip art will allow you to add a special touch. The Microsoft Clip Gallery contains a wide variety of pictures, photographs, sounds, and video clips for enhancement of your presentations, or as a means of conveying an idea through the use of clip art images only.

To find and insert clipart, follow these steps:• Display the slide on which you want to place the clipart.• On the Insert tab, in the Image group, click the Clip Art

button.

Adding ClipArt

• In the Search for box, enter a keyword related to the desired clip art.

• Click the Go button. Thumbnails of any clip art, movies, and sound that have the associated keyword appear in the pane.

• Scroll down to see all the available clipart, and then click the thumbnail of the desired clipart to insert it into the slide.


WordArt is commonly used to help spice up text in Microsoft Office programs such as Word, Publisher or PowerPoint. For example, in PowerPoint, a type of presentation software, you can use WordArt to the title of a slide. Add WordArt using PowerPoint’s built-in tools and WordArt styles to create a memorable presentation.

To insert clipart, follow these steps:• On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click WordArt, and then

click the WordArt style that you want.

Adding WordArt

• Enter your text.

NOTES • If you have a chart in your Office 2010 document, you can

replace the chart title with WordArt to give the title additional emphasis.

To convert existing text to WordArt in PowerPoint and Word, follow these steps:• Select the text that you want to convert to WordArt.• On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click WordArt, and then

click the WordArt that you want.


You can animate the text, pictures, shapes, tables, SmartArt graphics, and other objects in your Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 presentation to give them visual effects, including entrances, exits, changes in size or color, and even movement. There are four different kinds of animation effects in PowerPoint 2010:Entrance effects For example, you can make an object fade

gradually into focus, fly onto the slide from an edge, or bounce into view.

Exit effects These effects include making an object fly off of the slide, disappear from view, or spiral off of the slide.

Emphasis effects Examples of these effects include making an object shrink or grow in size, change color, or spin on its center.

Motion Paths You can use these effects to make an object move up or down, left or right, or in a star or circular pattern (among other effects).

To add an animation effect to an object, follow these steps:• Select the object that you want to animate.• On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More

Button button, and then select the animation effect that you want.

Animate Text and Objects


To view a list of animations currently on the slide, follow these steps:• To open the Animation task pane, on the Animations tab, in the

Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane.

• In the task pane, numbers indicate the order in which the animation effects play. The numbers in the task pane correspond to the non-printing numbered tags that are displayed on the slide.

• Callout 2 Timelines represent the duration of the effects.• Callout 3 Icons represent the type of animation effect. In this

example, it is an Exit effect.• Callout 4 Select an item in the list to see the menu icon (down

arrow), and then click the icon to reveal the menu.Note• You can also view the icons that indicate the start timing of the

animation effects in relation to the other events on the slide. To view the start timing icons for all animations, click the menu icon next to an animation effect and select Hide Advanced Timeline.


• Presentation software is a category of application program used to create sequences of words and pictures that tell a story or help support a speech or public presentation of information.

• Presentation program is used to display information normally in the form of a slide-show.

• Transitions between the slides can be animated in a variety of ways to make the Slide Show more effective and interesting.

• Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation software from Microsoft.

• Powerpoint presentation often features a pleasing appearance and interesting graphics, which keeps the audience interested.

• The Microsoft Clip Gallery contains a wide variety of pictures, photographs, sounds, and video clips for enhancement of your presentations.

Presentation software A category of application program used to create sequences of words and pictures that tell a story or help support a speech or public presentation of information.

Ribbon The strip of buttons across the top of the main window.

Slide An individual page in a presentation.

Slide show An electronic presentation projected on a projector or displayed on a computer screen.

Wor

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Memory

“Bytes”


Fill in the blanks.a. _____________________is a category of application program

used to create sequences of words and pictures that tell a story or help support a speech or public presentation of information.

b. A ___________________is a systematic display of information along with graphics.

c. __________________are the individual pages of PowerPoint presentation and the software enables the display of slides one by one on the screen.

d. A ___________________ is defined as a group of characters sharing similar type attributes.

e. The Microsoft _________________ contains a wide variety of pictures, photographs, sounds, and video clips for enhancement of your presentations, or as a means of conveying an idea through the use of clip art images only.

Decide whether the following statements are true or false.a. Text, graphics, movies, and other objects are positioned on

individual pages or ‘slides’. b. Powerpoint presentation often features a pleasing appearance

and interesting graphics, which keeps the audience interested.c. Quick Access Toolbar contains all the commands related

to managing presentations and working with presentation content.

d. Home tab displays the Backstage view which contains related to managing files and customizing the program.

e. Formatting can enhance the appearance of the presentation and make it more visually appealing to your intended audience.

Question Drill


Answer the following questions.a. What is the presentation software?b. What is Microsoft PowerPoint? List any three advantages of

Microsoft PowerPoint.c. What are the components of Microsoft PowerPoint 2010?d. What is a Ribbon? List any five tabs present in Ribbon.e. What does Backstage view contain?f. What is a slide? Write the steps to add a new slide in PowerPoint

presentation.g. What are the four different kinds of animation effects in

PowerPoint 2010?

Do the following tasks in Microsoft Powerpoint.a. Create a new, blank presentation.b. Use the Title Slide AutoLayout for the first slide. The title should read: Publishers and the subtitle should read: Book Fair.c. Use the Preset Animation list box to apply the Split Vertical

Out animation effect to the bullet slides in your presentation.d. View the presentation as a slide show.e. Save and close the presentation.

Activity Bag

Explain the children the concept of presentation software. Demonstrate all the acitivities mentioned in this chapter and help the students to understand the different features of Microsoft Powerpoint 2003.

Teachers’ Corner


LOGO is one of the programming languages which stands for Language of Graphic Oriented. It was designed by Seymour Papert and his colleagues at the Massachusettes Institute (USA) in 1968. It was used for drawing figures, printing text and performing arithmetic calculations.To open MSWLOGO, follow these steps:

a. Place the mouse pointer on the Start button and click.

b. Move the pointer to All programs. What happens? A list of items open.

c. Now move the pointer to Microsoft Windows LOGO.

d. Move the pointer to Microsoft Windows LOGO and click once.

The MSWLOGO screen will open.

Chapter7 Workingwith

MSWLOGO

• Define presentation software and explain its importance.

• List the advantages of Microsoft Powerpoint.• Explain the steps to create, format and

animate objects in Microsoft Powerpoint.

My Learning Plan

Introduction


LOGO uses a cursor for drawing. This cursor looks like a triangle which is also called Turtle. The turtle looks like a little triangle in the middle of the screen. The head shows the direction which the turtle faces. When the turtle moves, it draws a line behind itself.

Head

Tail

We give instructions to move this turtle. When the turtle moves on the screen, it leaves a trail behind in the form of lines. In the beginning, the turtle always appears in the centre of the main screen. This is called the home of the turtle.

The MSWLOGO window is divided into two sections: The graphics window and the commander window.

Graphics window

Turtle

Commander window

Graphic windowThe Graphic window is the area where the turtle moves and draws figures. Turtle moves on the screen according to the commands given by you. These commands are also known as primitives.

Turtle

MSWLOGO Window


Commander windowThe Commander window is the window where you type commands. The Commander window is further divided into two parts:

Command Input BoxCommand input box is a small white area on the LOGO screen. It is located at the bottom of the screen. All the LOGO primitives are typed in this area. To execute the commands, you need to do one of the following:• ClickontheExecute button.• PressEnter key on the keyboard.

Recall List BoxRecall list box is grey in colour and is used to view the commands executed before. All the executed commands get printed in this area. It is placed just above the command input box.

Control ButtonsControl buttons are the buttons which are placed on the right side of the commander window in the LOGO screen. Halt Button - It stops LOGO from doing any thingReset Button - It clears the graphic screen.Execute Button - It executes the commands typed in the input

box.

We move the turtle by typing commands in the Input Box. Steps to enter commands in Input Box are:• Select the Input Box by clicking inside it.• Type the Logo primitive where the cursor is blinking.• Click the Execute button or press the Enter key.

Let us Draw


The LOGO commands are the instructions that you give to the turtle to draw any shape. The commands of LOGO are called primitives. All the commands are written in the commander window. Some of the basic primitives of MSWLOGO are:

Primitive Purpose

FORWARD or FD Moves the turtle forward. The FORWARD command is written as,

FORWARD <n> or FD <n>

BACK or BK Moves the turtle backward. The BACK command is written as,

BACK <n> or BK <n>

RIGHT or RT Changes the direction of the Turtle by turning it to the right. It is written as,

RIGHT <n> or RT <n>

LEFT or LT Changes the direction of the Turtle by turning it to the left. It is written as,

LEFT <n> or LT <n>

HOME Takes the turtle back to its home position. It is written as,

HOME

HIDETURTLE or HT Hides the turtle on the screen. It is written as,

HIDETURTLE or HT

SHOWTURTLE or ST Shows the turtle on the screen. It is written as,

SHOWTURTLE or ST

LOGO Primitives


Penup or PU is a LOGO primitive which is used to lift the pen up from the screen. So after giving Penup command no line is drawn, even when the turtle moves on the screen. It is written as:

PENUP

or

PU

Example:

Without Penup With Penup

? FD 50 ? FD 50

? RT 90 ? RT 90

? FD 20 ? PU

? FD 20

PENUP Primitives

i. RT 90 ii. RT 180 FD 20 BK 30 RT 90 RT 270

Activity Show the pattern drawn by the turtle in each case. Check by typing the command on a computer.


Pendown or PD is a logo primitive which is used to put the pen of the turtle down on the screen. So, that the turtle starts drawing again. It is written as:

PENDOWN

or

PD

Example:

i. ? FD 50 ii. ? RT 90

iii. ? PU iv. ? FD 20

v. ? RT 90 vi. ? PD

vii. FD 50 ? HT

PENDOWN Primitives

FD 100 RT 90 PU FD 100



Penerase or PE is a logo primitive which is used to put the eraser or rubber of the turtle down on the screen. So wherever the turtle moves it will erase that part of the figure. It is written as:

PENERASE

or

PE

Example:

i. ? FD 50 ii. ? RT 90

iii. ? FD 100 iv. ? PE

v. ? BK 50

PENERASE Primitives

i. FD 90 PE

RT 90 BK 30

FD 90



The REPEAT primitive instructs a computer to repeat a series of commands. It is written as:REPEAT <n> [set of commands]Where,n is the number of times a set of commands has to be repeated.

Follow these steps to use REPEAT command:

• Firstofall,writethecommand“REPEAT”.

• Write thenumber of timesyouwant set of commands toberepeated.

• Give a space between the word REPEAT inside the squarebrackets.

• PresstheEnterkeyafterclosingthebrackets.

Drawing Polygons

A polygon is a closed shape with three or more sides. There is a standard rule for drawing a polygon with any number of times. Turtle turns through 360 degrees when it walks around the edges of a polygon, and comes back to the starting position. It makes N turns for a N-sided polygon and each turn will be of 360/N degree. For example, while drawing a square, turtle takes 4 turns (as a square has four corners), so the size of each turn is 360/4=90 degrees.

The rule can be defined as:

REPEAT n [FD [number of steps] RT 360/n]

Here ‘n’ is the number of sides in the polygon.

REPEAT Primitives


Drawing various shapes

Suppose, you have to draw various shapes as mentioned below with each side of 100 steps.

The rule can be defined as:

REPEAT n [FD [number of steps] RT 360/n]

Here ‘n’ is the number of sides in the polygon.

Drawing a Triangle (3 sides)

Repeat 3 [FD 100 RT 360/3]

Drawing a Square (4 sides)

Repeat 4 [FD 100 RT 360/4]

Drawing a Pentagon (5 sides)

Repeat 5 [FD 100 RT 360/5]

Drawing a Hexagon (6 sides)

Repeat 6 [FD 100 RT 360/6]


Mathematical calculations can be performed using the SUM, DIFFERENCE, PRODUCT and QUOTIENT functions.

SUM primitiveThe SUM primitive is used to add two numbers.PRINT SUM 20 30This command prints the sum of the two numbers 20 and 30, i.e., 50.

Difference primitiveThe DIFFERENCE primitive is used to subtract one number from the other.PRINT DIFFERENCE 30 20This command prints the difference of the two numbers 30 and 20, i.e., 10.

Product primitiveThe PRODUCT primitive is used to multiply two numbers.PRINT PRODUCT 10 5This command prints the product of the two numbers 10 and 5, i.e., 50.

Quotient primitiveThe QUOTIENT primitive is used to divide one number by another and display the quotient.PRINT QUOTIENT 10 5This command prints the quotient of the two numbers 10 and 5, i.e., 2.

LOGO Arithmetic


MSWLOGO procedure is a set of LOGO commands for doing a particular task. A procedure has a name and can be saved in the computer’s memory. Once saved, the procedure can be used repeatedly.

Parts of a ProcedureThe procedure is divided into three parts.a. Title b. Bodyc. EndThese three parts together form the procedure definition.

Title of the ProcedureThe title tells us the name of the procedure and always begins with the word TO followed by the name of the procedure.The name of the procedure must be separated from the command word TO by a space.A procedure name can be made up of a combination of letters, numbers or special characters other than +, -, *, /, #, (,) , {, },”).For example, TO RECT

Body of the ProcedureThis is where you write all the primitives that are used in the procedure.

End This is the last part of the procedure. It signals the end of the procedure definition.

LOGO Procedure


Example:A procedure to draw a squareTO SQUARECSREPEAT 4[FD 60 LT 90]HTEND

Title

Body}End

Naming a ProcedureTo name a procedure, the following points should be kept in mind.a. It consists of alphabets, numbers or any other symbol from the

keyboard.b. It should not have any blank space in between.c. The name of the procedure should not be any LOGO command.

Writing a Procedurea. Click on the Input Box.b. Type in TO followed by the name of the procedure, e.g., TO

SQUARE.

c. Press the Enter key. The User Input Box appears.

d. Enter the lines of commands, pressing the Enter key after each command.


e. Type END after writing all the commands and press the Enter key. Your procedure for SQUARE has been defined.

f. Simply writing a procedure will not draw anything. To run the procedure, type SQUARE in the Input Box.

g. Press the Enter key. The square will appear on the LOGO screen.

Saving a Procedurea. Click on File in the menu bar.b. Click on Save As in the dropdown menu. The Save As dialog box

appears.c. Type a name in the File name: SQUARE.d. Click on Save.

Editing a Procedurea. Choose Edit option from the File menu. The Edit Procedure

dialog box opens.

b. Select the required procedure from the list and click on the OK button. The procedure will open in the Editor window.

c. Make necessary changes in the procedure code.

d. Click on Save option from the File menu to save the changes made to the procedure and close the Editor.


Deleting a Procedurea. Choose Erase option from the

File menu. The Erase Procedure dialog box opens.

b. Click the procedure you want to erase.

c. Click on the OK button.

Loading a Procedurea. Choose Load option from the File menu. The Open dialog box

opens.

b. Click the procedure you want to open.

c. Click on the Open button. The procedure will get loaded into computer’s memory.

POTS stands for Print Out Titles. POTS command is used to view list of procedure titles. The POTS command is written as:

POTS

POTS


• LOGO was designed by Seymour Papert and his colleagues at the Massachusettes Institute (USA) in 1968.

• The MSWLOGO window is divided into two sections: The graphics window and the commander window.

• Penup or PU is a LOGO primitive which is used to lift the pen up from the screen.

• Pendown or PD is a logo primitive which is used to put the pen of the turtle down on the screen.

• Penerase or PE is a logo primitive which is used to put the eraser or rubber of the turtle down on the screen.

• The REPEAT primitive instructs a computer to repeat a series of commands.

• MSWLOGO procedure is a set of LOGO commands for doing a particular task.

MSWLOGO A programming language that helps you to write instructions for the computer to make it do a certain task for you.

Turtle A triangle shaped figure at the centre of the LOGO window.

Graphic window The area where the turtle moves and draws figures.

Commander The window where you window type commands. Procedure A set of LOGO commands for doing a

particular task.

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Fill in the blanks.a. _____________ was designed by Seymour Papert and his

colleagues at the Massachusettes Institute (USA) in 1968. b. _______________ is a LOGO primitive which is used to lift the

pen up from the screen.c. ________________is a logo primitive which is used to put the

pen of the turtle down on the screen. d. ________________is a logo primitive which is used to put the

eraser or rubber of the turtle down on the screen.e. The ______________ primitive instructs a computer to repeat a

series of commands.

Decide whether the following statements are true or false.a. LOGO was used for drawing figures, printing text and

performing arithmetic calculations.b. Recall list box is a small white area on the LOGO screen.c. Penup or PU is a LOGO primitive which is used to lift the pen

up from the screen.d. The LT primitive instructs a computer to repeat a series of

commands. e. MSWLOGO procedure is a set of LOGO commands for doing a

particular task.

Write the full forms and the use of each in short.a. Home .............................................................................................b. HT .............................................................................................c. PU .............................................................................................d. REPEAT ...................................................................................

Question Drill


Match the following.PD Changes the direction of the Turtle by

turning it to the right. PE used to lift the pen up from the screen.RT used to put the pen of the turtle down on

the screen. REPEAT used to put the eraser or rubber of the turtle

down on the screen.PU instructs a computer to repeat a series of

commands.

Answer the following questions.a. What is MSWLogo? b. What is a Turtle? Which command brings the turtle to the

starting position?c. What happens when you use the HT command? How does it

differ from ST command?d. What is the function of the following commands? i. RT ii. PD iii. PE iv. PU v.REPEATe. What is a procedure?

Write commands to draw these figures. Start from the dot.


Type the following commands, and draw the shapes obtained.a. CS REPEAT 10 [ FD 5 RT 10]b. CS REPEAT 18 [ FD 5 LT 10]c. To Shape RT120FD70 RT120FD70 RT120FD70 ENDd. RT 30 REPEAT 3[FD 60 RT 120] RT 150 REPEAT 4[FD 60 LT 90] PENUP FD 60 LT 90 FD 20 LT 90 PENDOWN REPEAT 4[FD 20 RT 90] HT

Activity Bag

Explain the children the concept of programming and demonstrate the movement of the turtle according to the direction given . In this chapter, students will get familiar with the very basic moves of the turtle.

Teachers’ Corner


Test Paper - 1

Time : 1 : 30 Mins F.M : 50 Marks

Group - A [Fundamentals]1. Fill in the blanks. (1 x 5 = 5)a. A set of instructions which are given to the computer in order

to perform specified tasks is called____________________.b. ________________is the physical components that make up a

computer system.c. ___________________is a collection of computer programs

and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it.

d. All the people involved with the computer manufacturing, programming and operating make the____________________.

e. A _________________computer is a personal computer built to be used at a desk.

2. Decide whether these statements are true or false. (1 x 5 = 5)a. Computers work with the help of analog signals.b. Computer hardware parts work with the computer software

to complete a given task as per the commands/instructions given by a user.

c. A microcomputer is a computer with a central processing unit (CPU) as a microprocessor.

d. Desktop is an extremely lightweight personal computer. e. A palmtop, or a PDA, is a small computer that you can hold in

your hand and carry in your pocket.


3. Match the following. (1 x 5 = 5)

Software The physical components that make up a computer system.

Hardware A collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it.

Laptop All the people involved with the computer manufacturing, programming and operating.

Palmtop A small, portable personal computer. Liveware A small computer that you can hold in your hand

and carry in your pocket.

4. Name the following input devices and dffine each of them. (2 x 2 = 4)

5. Define the following terms. (2 x 3 = 6)a. Hardware __________________________________________________b. Liveware __________________________________________________c. Palmtop __________________________________________________


6. Answer the following questions. (1 x 5 = 5)a. What are the features of a computer?b. List any three benefits of a computer? c. What is a computer hardware? Give examples.d. What is a software?e. What is a microcomputer? List its types.

Group - B [Windows XP]7. Fillintheblanks. (1x5=5)a. An _____________________is a program designed to run other

programs on a computer. b. ___________________ is an operating system created by an

American software company Microsoft Corporation. c. ___________________ helps you to change the currently applied

window theme with a new theme.d. The ___________________ is a program that allows for viewing

or organizing files in different parts of your computer. e. A ___________________ is a location in which you can store

files and other folders.

8. Answer the following questions. (3 x 5 = 15)a. What is an operating system? Name some of the popular

operating system.b. What is Microsoft Windows? c. What is Windows Desktop?d. What is Windows Explorer? Write the steps to view files using

Windows Explorer.e. What is the difference between moving a file and copying a

file?


Test Paper - 2


Group - A [Fundamentals]

1. Fill in the blanks. (1 x 5 = 5)

a. _________________is a touch sensitive screen (pad) that takes the action of fingers as input instructions.

b. A _______________ is an input device used by artists to allows them to draw a picture onto a computer screen without having to use a mouse or keyboard.

c. A ______________ is a hardware device capable of reading a barcode and printing out the details of the product or logging that product into a database.

d. ________________is a computer-driven high-speed printer that operates like a typewriter in that it strikes a type character against paper with an inked ribbon in between.

e. _____________is a small, portable flash memory device used for storing data.

2. Decide whether these statements are true or false. (1 x 5 = 5)

a. Touchscreen is a touch sensitive screen (pad) that takes the action of fingers as input instructions.

b. A webcam is a camera connected to a computer that allows anyone connected to the Internet to view either still pictures or motion video of a user or other object.


c. Impact printer is less noisy, faster and produce high-quality graphics.

d. Secondary devices must be connected to a computer’s external I/O ports in order to be accessed by the system.

e. USB flash drive is a small, portable flash memory device used for storing data.

3. Match the following. (1 x 5 = 5) Printer A part of computer that has buttons called

keys which once pressed provide input instructions to the computer.

Media player An input device used by artists to allows them to draw a picture onto a computer screen without having to use a mouse or keyboard.

Webcam A device that plays digital media. Graphics tablet A camera connected to a computer that

allows anyone connected to the Internet to view either still pictures or motion video of a user or other object.

Keyboard The most popular output device that produces output in a permanent readable form.

4. Name the following devices and define each of them. ( 2 .5 x 2 = 5)


5. Give one word answer to each of the following. (1 x 5 = 5)a. A touch sensitive screen (pad) that takes the action of fingers

as input instructions. b. A camera that stores images digitally rather than recording

them on film.c. A type of printer in which the printing is done with ink-jet,

electrostatic, chemical, laser beam and thermal technology. d. A spindle of magnetic disks, called platters, that record and

store information.e. A small, portable flash memory device used for storing data.

6. Answer the following questions. (1 x 5 = 5)a. What is a computer peripheral? Give examples.b. What is an input device? How many types of keyboards are

there?c. What is a pointing device? Name some pointing devices.d. What is the difference between digital camera and webcam?e. What is an output device? Give examples.

Group - B [Word 2003]7. Fillintheblanks. (1x5=5)a. __________________is a software or a program that is used to

write, edit, manipulate, and print text. b. __________________is the positioning of the text with respect

to left and right margins.c. _________________is a temporary left or right margins for lines

of paragraphs.d. _______________refers to the space between lines of text in a

paragraph.e. ________________is the amount of space between paragraphs.


8. Match the following. (1 x 5 = 5)Paragraph spacing A software or a program that is used to

write, edit, manipulate, and print text. Text alignment A feature that automatically moves text to

the next line when you reach the end of a line without having to press enter.

Indentation The positioning of the text with respect to left and right margins.

Word wrap A temporary left or right margins for lines for paragraphs

Word processor The amount of space between paragraphs.

9. Answer the following questions. (2 x 5 = 10)a. What is a word processor? Name any two word processors.b. What are the features of Microsoft Word 2003?c. What do you understand by insertion point?d. What is word wrap?e. What is text alignment? What are the different alignments in

Word?

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Test Paper - 3


Group - A [Fundamentals]1. Fill in the blanks. (1 x 5 = 5)a. __________________ is a worldwide network of computers,

which holds large amount of intormation. b. The Internet evolved in 1969 when the United States Department

of Defence started a network called ____________________.c. The essential requirements for the Internet connection

are:________________, ___________________, _________________ and ___________________.

d. _________________ was created by Timothy Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN and introduced to the world in 1991.

e. A ___________________ is a software that allows your computer to access, download and view web pages.

2. Decide whether these statements are true or false. (1 x 5 = 5)a. Internet connects millions of computers to share the information. b. The chat feature allows you to exchange typed messages with

another person on the Internet.c. Many ISPs offer you certain number of hours per month for a

set fee. d. Online shopping is a global medium that contains linked text,

image, sound, and video documents.e. A web browser (also called Internet browser) is a software

that allows your computer to access, download and view web pages.


3. Match the following. (1 x 5 = 5) E-Mail A worldwide network of computers, which

holds large amount of intormation. Web page The exchange of messages and computer

files between computers over a computer network.

Web site A feature on the Internet that allows you to exchange typed messages with another person.

Chat A collection of web pages giving information about an organization, a person, etc.

Internet A document stored in an electronic form on a computer connected to the Internet.

4. Answer the following questions. (2 x 5 = 10) a. What is meant by the Internet?b. What are the uses of the Internet? c. What is a chat? What can you do on chat?d. What is online shopping?e. What are the requirements for getting connected to the

Internet?

Group - B [Powerpoint and MSWLOGO]5. Fill in the blanks. (1 x 5 = 5)a. Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation software from__________.b. ________________is the narrow area at the bottom of the slide

pane. c. _______________ is a LOGO primitive which is used to lift the

pen up from the screen.d. ______________is a logo primitive which is used to put the pen

of the turtle down on the screen. e. ______________is a logo primitive which is used to put the

eraser or rubber of the turtle down on the screen.


6.`Answer the following questions. (2 x 5 = 10)a. What is presentation software?b. What is Microsoft PowerPoint? List any three advantages of

Microsoft PowerPoint.c. What are the different components of the default PowerPoint

window?d. What is MSWLogo? e. What is a Turtle? Which command brings the turtle to the

starting position?

7. Matchthefollowing. (1x5=5)REPEAT Changes the direction of the Turtle by

turning it to the right. PD used to lift the pen up from the screen.PE used to put the pen of the turtle down on

the screen. PU used to put the eraser or rubber of the turtle

down on the screen.RT instructs a computer to repeat a series of

commands.

8. Write commands to draw these figures. Start from the dot. (2.5 x 5 = 5)