12
1 2109101 Stainless Steels & Non-ferrous Alloys “” 2 Metal Alloys Ferrous Nonferrous Steels Cast Irons Low Alloy Gray Iron Ductile (nodular) iron White Iron Malleable iron High Alloy Low Carbon Medium-Carbon High- Carbon Plain High Strength low alloy Plain Heat Treatable Plain Tool Stainless 2 wt.% C

alloy part2- - Chulalongkorn University: Faculties and …pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~psuvanch/101/alloy_part2.pdf · 5 Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430,

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: alloy part2- - Chulalongkorn University: Faculties and …pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~psuvanch/101/alloy_part2.pdf · 5 Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430,

1

2109101 ������������� �Stainless Steels & Non-ferrous Alloys

“���������� ������”

2

Metal Alloys

Ferrous Nonferrous

Steels Cast Irons

Low AlloyGray Iron

Ductile (nodular)

iron

WhiteIron

Malleableiron

High Alloy

Low Carbon Medium-Carbon High-Carbon

Plain

High Strengthlow alloy

Plain

Heat Treatable

Plain Tool Stainless

������� 2 wt.% C

Page 2: alloy part2- - Chulalongkorn University: Faculties and …pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~psuvanch/101/alloy_part2.pdf · 5 Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430,

3

���������������������������������� ������������ (Fe) ����������������

���������� (Cr) ������������ 10.5%

����������� ������� � ��

����� (Ni) ������� (Mn) ����!����� (Mo) "�������� (Ti)

"����!��� (Nb) ������� (W) ������ (Cu) "������� (N)

#�#

4

����������������������!�������$��������

13%Cr, 17%Cr, 18-8 Stainless Steel

�!������ %��!����Creep resistant stainless steel, High strength stainless steel

�!������ %�&'����( ����Heat resisting stainless steel

�!�������)%�����&�%*+� ����������( ����Stainless steel castings, stainless steel sheet, stainless steel for hot

and cold forgings

�!��������������� �&��Martensitic stainless steel, Ferritic stainless steel, Austenitic stainless

steel, Duplex stainless steel, Precipitation hardening stainless steel

Page 3: alloy part2- - Chulalongkorn University: Faculties and …pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~psuvanch/101/alloy_part2.pdf · 5 Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430,

5

Stainless SteelsFerritic Stainless Steel BCC

- 409L, 430, 439Austenitic Stainless Steel FCC

- 201, 202, 304, 316Martensitic Stainless Steel BCT

- 410, 420, 431Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel (PH) FCC & BCT

- 17-7 PH, 15-7 Mo, AM-350, AM-355, H-FamilyDuplex Stainless Steel BCC + FCC 50:50

- 318, 327

6

Effect of alloying elements on microstructure

Page 4: alloy part2- - Chulalongkorn University: Faculties and …pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~psuvanch/101/alloy_part2.pdf · 5 Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430,

7

� �

� �

8

Stainless Steels

Page 5: alloy part2- - Chulalongkorn University: Faculties and …pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~psuvanch/101/alloy_part2.pdf · 5 Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430,

9

����������������

�������� (Cast Metals&Alloys)�������� !"��� (Wrought Metals&Alloys)

����� ���, ���������������� ������

��� �, ����� !�"���������#�����$��� �

�"%&�$�����&�'��"��(����

10

��� � �#$�: Wrought Alloys

���!���%"��� AA (Aluminum Association)�&'��� 4 ��(�� 1xxx : Pure Al 2xxx : Al-Cu� 3xxx : Al-Mn 4xxx : Al-Si� 5xxx : Al-Mg 6xxx : Al-Mg-Si� 7xxx : Al-Zn��������� )#���!�(�!�����(� "��� (Temper Designations) �'�$�(�*� F, O, H, T

�)���*���#(�)���*������&�)

Page 6: alloy part2- - Chulalongkorn University: Faculties and …pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~psuvanch/101/alloy_part2.pdf · 5 Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430,

11

��� � �#$�: Wrought Alloys

����� )#���!�(�!�����(� "��� (Temper Designations)� F : As Fabricated� O : Annealed and Recrystallized� H : Strain-hardened� T : Solution Treated and Aged� ������$����#$�$��$�����!�(�!�����(� "�������'�$�(���� �&� T6, T7 �!+�'

� �(��$�� 6063-T6

12

��� � �#$�: Cast Alloys

������������: ��������'�$�������"��$ (Sand Mould Casting), ��������'�$�������,��� (Permanent Mould Casting/ Gravity Die Casting), ��������'�$���(� (Die Casting/ High Pressure Die Casting)& ���������� � �#$������ 1xx : Pure Al 2xx : Al-Cu� 3xx : Al-Si, Cu/Mg 4xx : Al-Si� 5xx : Al-Mg 7xx : Al-Zn 8xx : Al-Sn

Page 7: alloy part2- - Chulalongkorn University: Faculties and …pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~psuvanch/101/alloy_part2.pdf · 5 Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430,

13

"���

�(� ,.-. 8.8������#$�� ���� !"�����'�#!�(�!�����(� "�����'��� ��$����� �)���������.��//0��# (sensitive ������������#���)���.������'��#

14

"���

"��� �!+����������"#1��*$2.����&'���1�3��-��� !�������)���&�� !433��( "��� ��'3�����,�����"��� 5�1�#�!��2�5�2"����1.� (<5%)�!+����"#1, �.����&'��� !�������� ��") 6 ("�����'�) �!+�����7� �&'��'� ���.��//0� ��� ���.������'�

Page 8: alloy part2- - Chulalongkorn University: Faculties and …pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~psuvanch/101/alloy_part2.pdf · 5 Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430,

15

���������"���

"������ = Cu + Zn (����� 30%)� ��� ���!� ��8�(���#"#1���� ".�����1�!���(�, ��� , ��!��82�//0�, ��� ���52 = Cu + )�����1 9� ���52�#��� ��������(���#$� ���52/��/��(�� ���52��� ���#$� �#���������� �������������"���

(�'�&��������������), ����� �!����$�/��������"�

16

���#�5#$�

���#�5#$� ,.-. 1.7����� �$��, ������'������, ������������'����������$���� (�&'/�(�52���� �)�����'����� HCP �!�� !,�����'����# �(����� !�'�)��������(���� �(���#������ � �#$�

Page 9: alloy part2- - Chulalongkorn University: Faculties and …pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~psuvanch/101/alloy_part2.pdf · 5 Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430,

17

�"�"�#$�

�"�"�#$� ,.-. 4.5�!+����"#1�# Strength to Weight Ratio � ����# : �(7� ! � (HCP) � � (BCC) "#1 883°C3����������� ��� 1675°C"����(������#������������'"(���8�% � �1.����� �&'��'������ (Ti-6Al-4V)�!+�(���������(���&#�%�-

18

NonFerrous Alloys

• Cu AlloysBrass : Zn: subst. solute atom (costume jewelry, coins, corrosion resistant)Bronze : Sn, Al, Si, Ni are subst. solute atom (bushings, landing gear)Cu-Be: precip. hardened for strength

• Al Alloys-lower �: 2.7g/cm 3-Cu, Mg, Si, Mn, Zn additions -solid sol. or precip.

strengthened (struct. aircraft parts & packaging)

• Mg Alloys-very low �: 1.7g/cm3-ignites easily -aircraft, missles

• Refractory metals-high melting T -Nb, Mo, W, Ta• Noble metals

-Ag, Au, Pt -oxid./corr. resistant

• Ti Alloys-lower �: 4.5g/cm 3

vs 7.9 for steel-reactive at high T -space applic.

NONFERROUS ALLOYS

Page 10: alloy part2- - Chulalongkorn University: Faculties and …pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~psuvanch/101/alloy_part2.pdf · 5 Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430,

19

����������������

�����&���)���*�

�&����-����$$+�/,��"#&����� ���� (8.9) -����"����"�&��&���%&� = �&���� + �������-��*� ����)� "&�-�� .�.�"&�/0

= �&���� + ���)�-����"����"�&��������&���%&�

&������ -����$$+�/,��"#&��� �� (2.7) -��������-&������ �"��)�1�2- ���$& �0 .�. ��1��) Si, Mg, Cu

-�#&�*� ��!�����,"%�&� ��0

����/� -���� (1.7) -��!�����&���3 ��

�������$-4)���&��������-Nb, Mo, W, Ta

�����,��-��� �&� �-������-����"����"�&���

����� -�� (4.5) -����"����"�&���-,����*��"����-��!����� ��&���3

20

High Temperature Materials

Page 11: alloy part2- - Chulalongkorn University: Faculties and …pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~psuvanch/101/alloy_part2.pdf · 5 Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430,

21

Superalloys:

For High temperature applications (650-1200ºC)

Iron base superalloysCobalt base superalloysNickel base superalloys

- High Temp Corrosion/Oxidation resistance- High Temp Strength Applications

22

WHY SUPERALLOYS ?- High Strength at high temperatures- Good Tensile, Fatigue, Creep

Strength- Good hot oxidation and hot

corrosion resistances- Good thermal fatigue resistance� They are mainly used at elevated

temperatures with various loads and atmospheres depended on type and grade of Superalloys

Page 12: alloy part2- - Chulalongkorn University: Faculties and …pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~psuvanch/101/alloy_part2.pdf · 5 Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430,

23

24

THANK YOU VERY MUCH !

“OUR COURSE NEVER STAYS THE SAME, IT ALWAYS GETS HARDER” !!!�