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Allies Who were the allies?

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Does this sound right? The enemy of my enemy is my friend During WWII, the USSR and the US were not necessarily friends, they were allies simply because they both were fighting against Germany.

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It was the largest battle on the Eastern Front and was marked by brutality and disregard for military and civilian casualties.Eastern Front civilian casualties It is among the bloodiest battles in the history of warfare, with the higher estimates of combined casualties amounting to nearly two millionbloodiest battles in the history of warfare

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Stalingrad "We think of the great battle on the Volga without hatred or malice. However, we consider Stalingrad to be a lesson from the past which, unfortunately, must be remembered. Should that war be recalled? Some think not, but I don't agree. That war must be recalled until the time when mankind will say: "we don't want war and will do everything possible to prevent it so that never again will there be war on this earth". There will be a day when we shall stop recalling the war and say: it was the last - not because we should like to believe it is so, but because we shall know it is so.

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Stalingrad http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65_gyiVqeqo

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What is democracy?

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What is communism?

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Communism v Democracy Complete the worksheet using the information provided and your prior knowledge.

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T-Chart Make a T-Chart in your notebook. On one side write Soviet Union and on the other side write United States

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Soviet Union Vision Stalins decisions were driven by security concerns. Stalin wanted a buffer zone of friendly communist states to protect the Soviet Union. Stalin claimed Eastern Europe as a Soviet sphere of influence.

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United States Vision Truman wanted to allow Eastern European nations to determine their own form of government. Truman believed that countries would choose democracy if given free choice.

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USSR Cost / Experiences of War As many as 20 million Soviet citizens died in the war including, including 7 million soldiers Soviets starved when the Nazis invaded, stripping the countryside and torching farms and villages. The Nazis leveled several soviet cities, including Stalingrad and Kiev.

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US Cost / Experiences of War About 290,000 U.S. soldiers died. Civilian casualties were limited to those who killed or wounded at Pearl Harbor. No fighting took place on U.S. soil, no cities were bombed, and no farms or factories were destroyed. The U.S. economy boomed during the war.

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USSR Ideologies The Soviets believed in communism, which viewed capitalism as an unjust system. Communism revolves around single party rule of politics and government control of the economy. The state owns most businesses and decides what will be produced.

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US Ideologies The American system was based on a belief in democratic government and capitalist economics. In capitalism, individuals and private businesses make most economic decisions Most property, factories, and equipment are privately owned.

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T-Chart Make a T-Chart in your notebook. On one side write Soviet Union and on the other side write United States Using your notes, summarize the differences between the two countries at the end of WWII.

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The Cold War 1945A critical year --Roosevelt believed at this point he could handle Stalin. --Churchill attempted to convince him otherwise.

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--US harbored some resentment from the Soviet Union. --The wartime cooperation between the two was merely temporary. --As war ended tensions between Soviets and US/GB began increasing.

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Differences at Yalta --1945 Big Three met in Yalta. --agree to split Germany into four occupied zones (GB,US,SU,French) --agree to let European countries hold their own elections --Disputes over the Pacific and most importantlyPOLAND.

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Yalta However, the attitude of the conference was fairly friendly. Roosevelt and Stalin had a good working relationship and Stalin trusted Roosevelt

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The United Nations --Leaders did agree on creation of the UN. --purpose was to prevent all wars from starting, and end those that did break out.

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Truman takes Command --2 weeks before UN s 1 st meeting Roosevelt dies. --Truman was ill prepared to be president of the US in this volatile time period.

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Potsdam Conference July 45 Truman has 1 st meeting w/ world leaders. --Churchill is also gone having lost the election in GB. (Attlee) --Stalin insisted on war payments by GermanyTruman wanted Polish elections.

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Potsdam Conference New leaders did NOT trust each other Stalin did not trust Truman because Truman mentioned the US had atomic energy, which scared Stalin Truman did not trust Stalin because Stalin rigged elections in Poland towards communism Their views differed in almost every way.

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Stop and Think With a partner, list the differences between the Yalta Conference and the Potsdam Conference. Include: Who was involved What changed?

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Superpowers Since Germany, France, and GB were weakened by WWII, that left SU and US to be in control of the world. Hegemony Nations forced to choose between the superpowers.

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USSR -- Soviets quickly gain control over nations that they had freed from Nazi control. --. Albania, Bulgaria, Czech, Hungary, Romania, and East Germany. Stalin insisted he did it because he needed buffer states so they would be safe. SATELLITE STATES

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Iron Curtain USSR expansionist tendencies led Churchill to state that an iron curtain has descended across the continent. What does he mean by that?

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Map Time! Label the countries in Europe ( USSR, Yugoslavia, Poland, Bulgaria, East & West Germany, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Greece ) Draw a line where the Iron Curtain hung (use a book- page 497) Color each side of the curtain a different color Label the sides as Communist or Democratic

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Warm Up! 1. What happened at Potsdam to make Truman and Stalin not trust each other? 2. Based on what we talked about yesterday, how is the USSR looking out for its own interests?

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Arguments Stalin: US is going to destroy the world because all capitalism does is compete. Thus, the world should turn to COMMUNISM.

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Rebuttal- Long Telegram George Kennan in the Long Telegram: Since the USSR wants to destroy the US, they must be CONTAINED. This began the USs new foreign policy

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Truman Doctrine --Since 1945 the Soviets had been attempting to install communist regimes in Greece and Turkey. --1947GB claims they can no longer aid Greece and Turkey.

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Truman Doctrine and GREECE Truman Doctrine- support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures. With US $ and aid, Greek government defeated communist rebels. The Truman Doctrine committed the US to a policy of containment.

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Arms Race Begins End of WWII brought a change to the way everyone viewed war. US begins testing more nuclear energy in the Pacific at Bikini Atoll

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Baruch Plan US tried to get the UN to not let anyone sell or buy materials for nuclear energy, BUT said they should keep their stockpile Turn to a partner: How do you think SU felt about this?

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Marshall Plan American policy makers were determined not to make the same mistakes as post WWI. US would help restore war torn nations so they may become stable democracies. --WWII brought devastation to Europe. --21million homeless

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Marshall Plan All the big nations in Europe were affected, some were turning to communism as a cure. US would not have that --Marshall Plan called for nations of Europe to draw up a plan for recovery. --US would then finance the plan w/ $$$. --Plan was unveiled by Sec. of State George Marshall in 1947.

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Recovery Plan --Plan hoped to stop communist regimes from springing up and promote democracy. --USSR referred to the plan as US buying its way into European affairs. --1948 Congress approves officially called European Recovery Program. 17 nations joined, $13 billion in loans

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Marshall Plan Read and highlight the Marshall Plan reading. Answer the questions at the end of the reading

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COMECON Stalin hated the Marshall Plan, and questioned Trumans motives. 1949- Stalin created the Molotov Plandesigned to fix the economies in Eastern Europe. To do this, it established COMECON, for trade between USSR and others in COMECOM. State specialization and trade occurred.

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Stop and Think With a partner, describe the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. How are they alike? How are they different? Which one is like the Molotov Plan?

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By the 1950s The Cold War was intense! The chess game was continuous: US tried to contain the SU, the SU continued to try to take countries.

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Germany Map On the flip side of your map of Europe is a map of Germany. Label Berlin on the map and divide Germany into its occupation zones.

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Berlin!!!!! 1948, Britain, France, and US decided to reunite their 3 occupied zones to create a new country with a democratic government. Many in the East tried to flee to the West Stalin would not have this nonsense so he began the Berlin Blockade

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Berlin Blockade What is a blockade? Stalin did it in hopes of forcing the allies to give up their plan OR to give up Berlin (because it was an important city).

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US Response US was all oh no you didnt! Instead of giving in, the US brought massive supplies to Berlin. 10.5 months=2.5 million tons of supplies.

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Berlin 1949, USSR gave up and Germany was divided into communist east and democratic right. The division between East and West was severe

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NATO Stalin was tightening its grip on its satellite nations; In response, April 1949United states and Canada join 11 W. European countries to form NATO. --an armed attack on one is considered an attack on them all.

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Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact was created in opposition to NATO. Europe was divided; enemies were defined.

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Stop and Think Why did the USSR create the Warsaw Pact? How does NATO and the Warsaw Pact differ?

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Warm Up!! 1. Why did Truman order supplies to Berlin? 2. What two actions taken by the US proved their policy of containment?

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DBQ DBQ questions 2-6

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China Communism led by Mao Zedong and Nationalism led by Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) waged civil war for control of China Zedong won, and China fell to communism. However, China did resist Soviet Control US treated China like an enemy- cut it off from the rest of the world, until late 1970s

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DOMINO THEORY When you line up dominoes and push one what happens to the rest?

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Domino Theory This theory is what the US based much of its foreign policy on:

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June 25, 1950- July 27, 1953

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end of World War II Korea was divided at the 38th parallel into Soviet (North Korean) U.S. (South Korean) zones of occupation

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1948 rival governments were established: The Republic of Korea (South) People's Democratic Republic of Korea (North)

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June 25, 1950 North Korean forces invaded South Korea

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United Nations condemned the invasion as an act of aggression demanded the withdrawal of North Korean troops from the South called upon its members to aid South Korea

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United Nations had been formed Oct. 24, 1945

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June 27 President Truman authorized the use of American Land Sea Air forces

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the United Nations placed the forces of 15 other member nations under U.S. command Gen. Douglas MacArthur: supreme commander

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MacArthur He forced troops up to China, but China got angry and sent 400,000 troops to aid North Korea. They pushed back American forces to the 38 th parallel MacArthur wanted to blockade China and bomb it. Truman disagreed, MacArthur questioned him, and he was fired

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Unpopular War Dwight D. Eisenhower pledged to go to Korea to end the war elected President in 1952

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N. Korea supported by Communist China U.S.S.R.

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Negotiations broke down four different times after much difficulty and nuclear threats by Eisenhower armistice agreement was signed July 27, 1953

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South Korea refused to sign

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Protest over the Korean War Armistice

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Korea today Still divided at 38 th parallel North: Communist South: Democratic People have been trying to renew relations between the two

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Korean War Monument

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Crossing at the 38 th today

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the 38th parallel the DMZ is about 4 km (2.5 mi) wide heavily fortified with barbed-wire fences, concealed mines, and border troops

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Domino Theory This theory is what the US based much of its foreign policy on:

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Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Short clip

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Map Time!!!! On the map of Korea: Label North and South Label Communist and Democratic Put arrows indicating MacArthurs advance Put arrows indicating the retreat Color the 38 th parallel and the DMZ

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Warm Up!!!!!! What were the effects of the Korean War?

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Government Spending

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3 Worlds First World Country: developed, capitalist countries. Second World: communist counties. Third World: poor, developing nations, many had just gotten freedom from colonial rule.

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CIA The Cold War was what prompted Truman to create the CIA: used COVERT ACTIONS to achieve their goals

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Latin America CIA did much damage in Latin American countries because they cared only about stopping communism So, many dictators took away rights from their citizens and they were backed by the US (militarily and economically)

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Czech vs. Chile With a partner, read the accounts in Chile and Czech Each read one account and answer the questions. Explain your account to your partners and explain the answers. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00kQorWVIsw

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More arms race With the development of the H-bomb, both countries competed for weapons superiority. Eventually, both had the H-bomb, thus both had the capacity for ultimate destruction

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Stop and Think Turn to a partner: If you both had the capacity to destroy the world with nuclear energy, how would you talk to one another? What would be the best way to solve the problem?

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Brinkmanship The ability to go to the brink of war. To keep the peace, one must be willing to go to war.

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Deterrence Dulles developed Deterrence for the US. This meant that the US should produce a deadly arsenal. How would SU react?

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MADcause it is! Deterrence and brinkmanship known as MAD: mutual assured destruction. MAD may have kept the Cold War from turning hot, but it heightened anxiety worldwide.

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DBQ Answer the next set of DBQ questions: 7-9 Using what you have learned and the documents provided, outline the essay you would write

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Warm Up! 1. Why did the Cold War never turn hot? 2. What is brinkmanship?

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Today How did Americans feel about communism and communists? How did Truman ensure loyalty in the US? Why is McCarthyism negative?

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DOT GAME!!! Winners get extra credit! Note ANYONE who looks suspicious REPORT THEM TO ME!

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Communism at home? Did Americans face communism in the US? Why? What might have prompted it? (Think of what prompted it in Europe)

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America Great Depression Communist Party Communist Sympathizers

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RED SCARE! Fears of communism in the US leads to the Red Scare. What is it?

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Loyalty Programs Truman forced Americans to take Loyalty Oaths. MUST ROOT OUT COMMUNISM After 5 million investigations, hundreds lost their jobs and thousands were forced to resign.

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Communism Growing climate of suspicion takes hold in the nation. Paranoia, RED SCARE Video How to Spot a Communist

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HUAC --Began to specifically probe the Hollywood movie industry. --Many in Hollywood had various ties to the communist party. (House Un-American Activities Committee)

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Hollywood Ten --1947 Hollywood writers, producers, actors were called in front of HUAC. --ten of the accused refused to answer the committees questions. --Leads to the blacklist in Hollywood. --paranoid studios circulate a list of those who should not be hired.

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McCarren-Walter Act --Re-affirmed the quota system for immigration. --discriminated against immigrants from communist dominated regions of the world

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SPIES EVERYWHERE!!!! Alger Hiss a once high ranking State Dep t official convicted of being a Soviet spy during the Yalta Conference

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Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Death sentences for passing atomic secrets to USSR. They were the only American civilians put to death for spying during the Cold War. VIDEO

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Rosenberg Reading

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McCarthy McCarthy blamed people in government and American citizens for being spies. Wisc. Senator Joseph McCarthy declared to have names of 205 communists working in the state dep t. --Atmosphere of 50 s led to his accusations gaining support.

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McCarthy 1952-1954, McCarthy used his power to catch people. He never made a solid case against anyone but his accusations drove MANY people out of their jobs. Cause anti-communism hysteria

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No one can terrorize a whole nation, unless we are all his accomplices.

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The nation that complacently and fearfully allows its artists and writers to become suspected rather than respected is no longer regarded as a nation possessed with humor in depth. There are AT LEAST 2 other times in Americas history in which we did this- can anyone think of one?

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McCarthys Fall In 1954, McCarthy accused the Army and Eisenhower on being too soft on communism. Public opinion turned against him. He was censured, or formally scolded. He soon faded from the national scene.

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Yield Sign In groups of 3, create a poster warning about the lessons learned from the Cold War and McCarthyism.

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3-2-1 Below your warm up for the day, write : 3 Things you learned 2 Questions you have 1 Thing you want to know more about

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Warm Up: Who were the Rosenbergs? What is McCarthyism?

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At Home Congress created the FCDA and said the back yard may be the next front line. Thus, people would have to prepare and protect themselves.

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Living Life Bomb shelters became a normal thing. People taught how to fight fires and care to wounds. Bert the Turtle taught children how to survive atomic attack. FDCA created Operation Alert to see how fast cities could be evacuated. If it was real, millions would have died. There are only varying degrees of destruction.

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Peace is the only defense against nuclear war.

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Bert the Turtle Video

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LAST Stop and Think Sum up the war as best you can: When did it start? Why did it start? Who was involved? What were some foreign policies established? How did we handle communism at home? Did it end?????