Alliance Standard for Structure

AllianceFireSafetyandStructuralIntegrityStandard

Version1.1

August12,2014

PROPRIETARYTOTHEALLIANCEFORBANGLADESHWORKERSAFETY

AllianceFireandBuildingSafetyStandardsAllianceFireSafetyandStructuralIntegrityStandard

PROPRIETARYTOTHEALLIANCEFORBANGLADESHWORKERSAFETYAllianceFireSafetyandStructuralIntegrityStandard Pageii

AllianceFireSafetyandStructuralIntegrityStandard:ASharedStandardtoImproveFireSafetyandStructuralIntegrityinBangladeshiGarmentFactories

OverviewThecorepurposeoftheAllianceforBangladeshWorkerSafetyisimprovingthesafetyofworkersinBangladeshsreadymadegarmentsector(RMG).CrucialtoachievingthisaimisimprovingthefiresafetyandstructuralintegrityofRMGfactoriesinthecountry.ThefinalAllianceFireSafetyandStructuralIntegrityStandardwillhelpguidethoseimprovementsand,pairedwithotherprogrammaticaspectsbeingimplementedbytheAlliance,willcontributetoasaferandmoreequitablegarmentsectorforBangladeshiworkers.DevelopmentoftheStandardTheStandardwasdevelopedcollaborativelybyagroupoftechnicalexpertsfromtheAllianceforBangladeshWorkerSafetyandtheBangladeshAccordonFireandBuildingSafety.TohelpensureconsistencyinthecountrywideevaluationofRMGfactories,thetechnicalrequirementsoftheAllianceStandardhavebeenharmonizedwiththerequirementsofthefactoryassessmentguidelinesdevelopedbyBangladeshUniversityofEngineeringandTechnology(BUET)fortheNTPA.Throughoutthisprocess,inputwasincorporatedfromfactoryownersintheBangladeshRMGindustry,professorsfromBUET,andothertechnicalexperts.Inordertofacilitatedialogueonrealizingthiscommonsetofstandards,theInternationalLaborOrganization(ILO)alsoplayedavitalrole.InalignmentwiththeNTPA,theStandardisfoundedontherequirementsofthe2006BangladeshNationalBuildingCode(BNBC),withaminimalnumberofstrongerrequirementsdeemednecessaryandpractical.Forexample,insomeareastheStandarddrawsonNFPA101,theInternationalBuildingCode,andtheirreferencedocumentsforcriteria.ImplementationImplementationoftheStandardwillbesupportedbyfactoryandworkertrainingandinput,rigorousassessmentsbyqualifiedassessors,andacorrectiveactionmanagementprocessthatincludestransparentandpublicdisseminationofimprovementindicators.Beyondtrackingandreportingonactionstepstaken,theAllianceorganizationanditsmemberswillseektofurthersupportfactoryimprovementsthroughtechnicalassistance,implementationoffunctionalWorkerHealthandSafetyCommittees,andinsomecasesfinancialassistanceandwagesupportforworkersiffactoriesareclosedforremediation.Likealltechnicalstandards,practicalexperiencewiththeStandardwillspurtheneedformodificationsovertime.Thestandardsshouldbeperiodicallyreviewedbyqualifiedtechnicalexpertsandmodifiedasnecessaryonaperiodicbasis.However,tomaintaintheclarityofacommonstandard,carewillbetakentocoordinateanymodificationinpartnershipandsupportoftheNTPAandotherstakeholderinitiatives.AnyfeedbackontheStandardshouldbeprovidedtostandards@afbws.org

AllianceFireandBuildingSafetyStandardsAllianceFireSafetyandStructuralIntegrityStandard

PROPRIETARYTOTHEALLIANCEFORBANGLADESHWORKERSAFETYAllianceFireSafetyandStructuralIntegrityStandard Pageiii

TABLEOFCONTENTS

1 Part1ScopeandDefinitions.................................................................................................................................1

2 Part2AdministrationandEnforcement...............................................................................................................5

3 Part3GeneralBuildingRequirements..................................................................................................................6

4 Part4FireProtectionConstruction....................................................................................................................11

5 Part5FireProtectionSystems............................................................................................................................16

6 Part6MeansofEgress.......................................................................................................................................21

7 Part7BuildingMaterials.....................................................................................................................................31

8 Part8StructuralDesign......................................................................................................................................33

9 Part9ConstructionPracticesandSafety............................................................................................................47

10 Part10BuildingServices(MEP)..........................................................................................................................51

11 Part11Alterations/ChangeofUse.....................................................................................................................73

12 Part12ExistingBuildings....................................................................................................................................75

13 Part13HumanElementPrograms.....................................................................................................................76

NOTICE:Revisedsectionsareindicatedbyaverticalrulebesidetheparagraph,table,orfigureinwhichthechangeoccurred.Theseruleareprovidedasanaidtotheuserinidentifyingchangesfromthepreviousedition.Whereoneormorecompleteparagraphshavebeendeleted,thedeletionisindicatedbyabullet()betweentheparagraphsthatremain.

Part1ScopeandDefinitions

PROPRIETARYTOTHEALLIANCEFORBANGLADESHWORKERSAFETYAllianceFireSafetyandStructuralIntegrityStandard 1

1 Part1ScopeandDefinitions

1.1 Scope.

1.1.1 Title.TheFireSafetyandStructuralIntegrityStandarddevelopedbytheAllianceforBangladeshWorkerSafety(Alliance)shallbereferredtohereinastheStandardorthisStandard.

1.1.2 DangertoLifefromFire.ThisStandardaddressesthosebuildingfeaturesneededtominimizedangertolifefromtheeffectsoffireincludingsmoke,heat,andtoxicgasescreatedduringafire.

1.1.3 DangertoLifefromStructuralCollapse.ThisStandardaddressesandestablishesminimumcriteriafortheevaluationandprotectionfromdangertolifefrombuildingcollapse.

1.2 Application.

1.2.1.1 ThisStandardshallapplytotheconstruction,addition,alteration,movement,enlargement,replacement,repair,installationofmajorequipment,useandoccupancy,maintenance,removal,anddemolitionofallbuildingsandstructuresusedforReadyMadeGarmentfactories.ThisStandardshallalsoapplytosubcontractorsbuildingsandstructuresproducingReadyMadeGarmentsforAlliancemembersinBangladesh.AllotherrequirementsfromBNBCPart2Section1.4shallapply.

1.2.1.2 ThisStandardshallapplytobothnewconstructionandexistingbuildingsandstructuresasspecificallyoutlinedinthisStandard.

1.3 Purpose.ThepurposeofthisStandardisestablishacommonsetofminimumrequirementsthatprovideauniformandeffectivemethodforassessingfireandbuildingstructuralsafetyinnewandexistingReadyMadeGarmentfactoriesutilizedbyAllianceaffiliatedvendors.

1.4 Disclaimer.ThetechnicalrequirementsofthisStandardareintendedforusebyprofessionalstructuralengineers,fireprotectionspecialists,andelectricalengineerswhoarecompetenttoevaluatethesignificanceandlimitationofitscontentandwhowillaccepttheresponsibilityfortheapplicationofthematerialitcontains.ThedevelopersofthisStandardandtheAllianceforBangladeshWorkerSafetydisclaimanyresponsibilityforthestatedprincipalsandrequirementsandshallnotbeliableforanylossordamagearisingfromtheirapplication.

1.5 Definitions.AlldefinitionsasstatedinBNBCapplytothisStandard,exceptasspecificallysupplementedorchangedherein.AdditionaldefinitionsareprovidedwithineachpartofthisStandard.

1.5.1 AllianceaffiliatedVendor.AreadymadegarmentvendororsubcontractorwhoisproducinggarmentsorproductsforanAlliancemember.

1.6 References.

1.6.1 General.ThedocumentslistedinthissectionarereferencedinthisStandardandtheportionsthereofareconsideredpartoftherequirementsofthisStandardtotheextentofeachsuchreference.

1.6.2 BangladeshNationalBuildingCode(BNBC).The2006BNBCwasenactedintoBangladeshLawonNovember16,2006.



1.6.3 BangladeshLawsandRules.

1.6.3.1 ElectricityAct,1910.

1.6.3.2 ElectricityRules,1937.

1.6.3.3 BoilerAct,1923,Section2(b)and6

1.6.3.4 PetroleumAct,1934

1.6.3.5 BuildingConstructionAct,1952

1.6.3.6 FireServiceRules1961

1.6.3.7 FactoriesRules,1979,Sections3(1),4,41,43,51,and52

1.6.3.8 StatutoryRegulatoryOrders(S.R.O)109,Act1999,publishedon25thMay

1.6.3.9 FireResistandExtinguishAct2003

1.6.3.10 BangladeshLabourAct,2006asamendedbyBangladeshLabour(Amendment)Act,2013.

1.6.3.11 DhakaMahanagarImaratNirmanBidhimala2008

1.6.3.12 ChittagongImaratNiremanBidhimala2008

1.6.3.13 Circular_BuildingPermiton19August2010,MinistryofHousing&PublicWorks/Pari1/OccupantRMG42/2007/256,circularnoMinistryofHousing&Publicworks/Pari1/OccupantRMG42/2007/302datedon25November2008

1.6.3.14 Circular_RemovaloftemporarytinshadefromRooftopofRMGFactoryBuildings.REF:BGMEALetter#BGA/Safety/18000/2011/28180,Dated:28thDecember,2011

1.6.3.15 Circularon19Apr2013_RAJUK_BuildingPermitinsideDetailedAreaPlan(DAP)

1.6.4 ICCpublications.InternationalCodeCouncil,5203LeesburgPike,Suite600,FallsChurch,VA22041USA.

1.6.4.1 IBC,InternationalBuildingCode,2012.

1.6.4.2 IFC,InternationalFireCode,2012.

1.6.4.3 IEBC,InternationalExistingBuildingCode,2012.

1.6.5 NFPApublications.NationalFireProtectionAssociation,1BatterymarchPark,Quincy,MA021697471USA.

1.6.5.1 NFPA10,StandardforPortableFireExtinguishers,2013.

1.6.5.2 NFPA13,StandardfortheInstallationofSprinklerSystems,2013.

1.6.5.3 NFPA14,StandardfortheInstallationofStandpipeandHoseSystems,2013.

1.6.5.4 NFPA20,StandardfortheInstallationofStationaryPumpsforFireProtection,2013.

1.6.5.5 NFPA22,WaterTanksforPrivateFireProtection,2013.



1.6.5.6 NFPA25,StandardfortheInspection,Testing,andMaintenanceofWaterBasedFireProtectionSystems,2011.

1.6.5.7 NFPA30,FlammableandCombustibleLiquidsCode,2012.

1.6.5.8 NFPA30B,CodefortheManufactureandStorageofAerosolProducts,2011.

1.6.5.9 NFPA37,StandardfortheInstallationandUseofStationaryCombustionEnginesandGasTurbines,2010.

1.6.5.10 NFPA51B,StandardforFirePreventionDuringWelding,Cutting,andOtherHotWork,2014.

1.6.5.11 NFPA70,NationalElectricalCode,2011

1.6.5.12 NFPA72,NationalFireAlarmandSignalingCode,2013.

1.6.5.13 NFPA80,StandardforFireDoorsandOtherOpeningProtectives,2013.

1.6.5.14 NFPA90A,StandardfortheInstallationofAirConditioningandVentilatingSystems,2012.

1.6.5.15 NFPA92,StandardforSmokeControlSystems,2012.

1.6.5.16 NFPA101,LifeSafetyCode,2012.

1.6.5.17 NFPA110,StandardforEmergencyandStandbyPowerSystems,2013.

1.6.5.18 NFPA111,StandardonStoredElectricalEnergyEmergencyandStandbyPowerSystems,2013.

1.6.5.19 NFPA241,StandardforSafeguardingConstruction,Alteration,andDemolitionOperations,2013.

1.6.5.20 NFPA252,StandardMethodsofFireTestsofDoorAssemblies,2012.

1.6.5.21 NFPA257,StandardonFireTestforWindowandGlassBlockAssemblies,2012.

1.6.6 ACIpublications.AmericanConcreteInstitute,38800CountryClubDrive,FarmingtonHills,MI48331USA.

1.6.6.1 ACI228.1R,InPlaceMethodstoEstimateConcreteStrength,2003.

1.6.6.2 ACI318,BuildingCodeRequirementsforStructuralConcreteandCommentary,2011.

1.6.7 AISCPublications.AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction,OneEastWackerDriveSuite700,Chicago,IL60601USA.

1.6.7.1 AISCCodeofStandardPractice.

1.6.8 ASCEPublications.AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers,1801AlexanderBellDrive,Reston,VA20191USA.

1.6.8.1 ASCE7.MinimumDesignLoadsforBuildingsandOtherStructures,2010.

1.6.9 ASMEPublications.AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers,TwoParkAvenue,NewYork,NY10016USA.

1.6.9.1 ASMEA17.1SafetyCodeforElevatorsandEscalators,2010.



1.6.10 ASTMPublications.ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,P.O.BoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428USA.

1.6.10.1 ASTMA370,StandardTestMethodsandDefinitionsforMechanicalTestingofSteelProducts,2012.

1.6.10.2 ASTMC42,StandardTestMethodforObtainingandTestingDrilledCoresandSawedBeamsofConcrete,2013.

1.6.10.3 ASTMC823,StandardPracticeforExaminationandSamplingofHardenedConcreteinConstructions,2012.

1.6.10.4 ASTMC39/39M12a,StandardTestMethodforCompressiveStrengthofCylindricalConcreteSpecimens,2012.

1.6.10.5 ASTMC856,StandardPracticeforPetrographicExaminationofHardenedConcrete,2011.

1.6.10.6 ASTMC295,StandardGuideforPetrographicExaminationofAggregatesforConcrete,2012.

1.6.10.7 ASTMC457,StandardTestMethodforMicroscopicalDeterminationofParametersoftheAirVoidSysteminHardenedConcrete,2011.

1.6.10.8 ASTME84,StandardTestMethodforSurfaceBurningCharacteristicsofBuildingMaterials,2010.

1.6.10.9 ASTME119,StandardTestMethodsforFireTestsofBuildingConstructionandMaterials,2010b.

1.6.10.10 ASTME136,StandardTestMethodforBehaviorofMaterialsinaVerticalTubeFurnaceat750DegreesC,2009b.

1.6.10.11 ASTME814,StandardTestMethodforFireTestsofThroughPenetrationFireStops,2010.

1.6.11 FMGlobalpublications.FMGlobal,270CentralAvenue,Johnston,RI029194923USA.

1.6.11.1 FMDataSheet71,FireProtectionforTextileMills,January2012.

1.6.11.2 FMDataSheet87,BaledFiberStorage,January2000.

Part2AdministrationandEnforcement


2 Part2AdministrationandEnforcement

2.1 General.TheadministrationofthisStandard,includinginterfacewithfactoryownersandperformanceoffactorycomplianceassessments,willbeadministeredbytheAlliance.

Part3GeneralBuildingRequirements


3 Part3GeneralBuildingRequirements

3.1 General.Thissectiondescribestherequirementsforbuildingandstructuresbasedonuseandoccupancy,buildingheightandarea,andconstructiontype.

3.2 Definitions.

3.2.1 Highrisebuilding.Structuresorbuildingswherethehighestoccupiablefloorislocatedmorethan20m(65ft)abovethegradelevelaroundthebuilding.

3.2.2 Occupiableroof.Arooflevelshallbeconsideredoccupiablewhereaccesstotheroofisprovidedandisnotlimitedtomechanicalequipment.

3.3 UseandOccupancy.

3.3.1 General.Structuresorportionsofstructuresshallbeclassifiedbasedonoccupancyinoneormoreofthefollowingoccupancieslistedbelow.Forspacesthatareusedformorethanoneoccupancy,thespaceshallbeclassifiedbasedonalltheoccupanciespresentandshallmeettherequirementsofSection0.AllotherrequirementsofBNBCPart3Sections1.3and2.1shallbemet.

3.3.2 OccupancyA:Residential.Thisoccupancyshallincludestructuresorportionsusedforsleepingandlivingaccommodationstorelatedorunrelatedgroupsofpeople.[SeeBNBCPart2Section2.1.1]

3.3.3 OccupancyB:EducationalBuildings.Thisoccupancyshallincludestructuresorportionsusedfordaycare(B2).[SeeBNBCPart3Section2.1.2]

3.3.4 OccupancyE:AssemblyBuildings.Thisoccupancyshallincludestructuresorportionswherelargegroupsofpeoplecongregateorassembly.Exampleswouldinclude:prayerhallsanddininghalls.MostfactorieswouldhavesubcategoriesofE3(LargeAssemblywithoutfixedseats)andE4(SmallAssemblywithoutfixedseats,lessthan300persons).[SeeBNBCPart3Section2.1.5]

3.3.5 OccupancyF:BusinessBuildings.Thisoccupancyshallincludestructuresorportionsusedforthetransactionofbusinessincludingoffices(F1).[SeeBNBCPart3Section2.1.6]

3.3.6 OccupancyG:IndustrialBuildings.Thisoccupancyshallincludestructuresorportionsusedwherematerialsarefabricated,assembled,orprocessed.TheG2,ModerateHazardIndustrialOccupancywillbethepredominantoccupancytypeinmostRMGfactories.[SeeBNBCPart3Section2.1.7]

3.3.7 OccupancyH:StorageBuildings.Thisoccupancyshallincludestructuresorportionsusedforthestorageofmaterial,products,and/orequipment.TheH2,ModerateRiskFireStoragewillencompassthemajorityofthestoragefacilitiesusedintheRMGfactories.[SeeBNBCPart3Section2.1.8]

3.3.8 OccupancyJ:HazardousBuildings.Thisoccupancyshallincludestructuresorportionsusedforthestorage,processing,handling,ormanufactureofanyhazardousmaterial.[SeeBNBCPart3Section2.1.9]

3.3.9 OccupancyK:MiscellaneousBuildings.Thisoccupancyshallincludestructuresorportionsusedforspecialstructuresnotclassifiedabove.Thiscouldincludewatertreatmentplants,generatorbuildings,electricalbuildings,andotherutilitybuildings.[SeeBNBCPart3Section2.1.10]



3.4 MixedUse.

3.4.1 General.EachportionofabuildingorstructureshallbeclassifiedindividuallyaccordingtoSection3.3.Whenabuildingcontainsmorethanoneoccupancy,thebuildingorportionshallcomplywiththeapplicablerequirementsof3.4.2,3.4.3,or3.4.4.ThemixeduseprovisionsofBNBCPart3Section2.3shallapplyexceptwheremodifiedbythissectionofthisStandard.

3.4.2 Accessoryoccupancies.Occupanciesthatareincidentaltothemainoccupancyshallbeconsideredaccessoryoccupanciestothemainoccupancywhentheydonotexceed10percentofthebuildingareaofthestoryinwhichtheyoccur.[SeeBNBCPart3Section2.1]

3.4.2.1 Separationofaccessoryoccupancies.Nooccupancyseparationshallberequiredbetweenaccessoryandmainoccupanciesexceptwhererequiredby3.4.2.1.1through3.4.2.1.10.

3.4.2.1.1 Daycare.Daycareoccupancieswhichareaccessorytootheroccupanciesshallbelocatedonthegroundfloorwithamaximumtraveldistanceof9m(30ft)ormaybelocatedonestoryabovethelevelofexitdischargewheredirectaccesstoanexitenclosureisprovided.

3.4.2.1.2 Boilerorfurnacerooms.Anyroomorspacehousingboilersorotherheatproducingequipmentshallbeseparatedfromotheroccupanciesbyaminimum1hourconstructionorbyaminimumspatialseparationof3m(10ft)wherelocatedexteriortothebuilding.

3.4.2.1.3 Generators.Generatorsetsshallbeseparatedfromallotheroccupancyareasbyaminimum2hourconstructionorbyaminimumspatialseparationof3m(10ft)wherelocatedexteriortothebuilding.Fueltanksshallbelimitedtoamaximum2500L(660gal)whenlocatedinabuildingwithotheroccupancies.ExhaustshallbeinaccordancewithNFPA37.Allexhaustsystemsshalldischargetotheexteriorofthebuildinginasafelocation.

3.4.2.1.4 OilFilledTransformers.RoomsusedforthehousingofoilfilledtransformersshallbeincompliancewithBNBCPart4SectionD15forhighrisebuildings.Oilfilledtransformersfornonhighrisebuildingsshallbeseparatedbyaminimum2hourfireresistiveratedconstructionorbyaminimumspatialseparationof3m(10ft)wherelocatedexteriortothebuilding.

3.4.2.1.5 Storage.Roomsusedforstorageofcombustiblematerialsshallbeseparatedfromthesurroundingoccupancywithaminimum1hourconstruction.InprocessstorageopentothesurroundingoccupancyisnotrequiredtobeseparatedwhenthefloorisprovidedwithautomaticsprinklerprotectioninaccordancewithSection5.3ormeetingtherequirementsof3.4.2.1.6.

3.4.2.1.6 Miscellaneousstorage.Storagethatdoesnotexceed2.45m(8ft.)inheight,isaccessorytootheroccupancies(see3.4.2),doesnotexceed23m2(250ft2)inanyoneareaandisseparatedbyaminimum3.0m(10ft)fromotherstorageareas.

3.4.2.1.7 Parking.Parkingofmotorvehiclesshallnotbeallowedinexistingbuildingsunlesstheparkingareaisseparatedby1hrfireresistiveratedconstructionorautomaticsprinklerprotectionisprovided.Inaddition,parkingshallonlybepermittedifadequateprovisionsforcarbonmonoxidedetection/removalareprovided,andifparkingareaswereoriginallydesignedorsubsequentlyapprovedfortheparkingofvehiclesbyappropriatelegislativeparties.

3.4.2.1.8 SleepingAreas.Sleepingareasshallbelocatedonthegroundfloorwithamaximumtraveldistanceof9m(30ft)ormaybelocatedonupperfloorswheredirectaccesstoanexitenclosureisprovided.Automaticsmokedetectionshallbeprovidedfortheseareasandareasbetweenthesleepingareaandexittoalerttheoccupantsfordevelopingfireconditions.



3.4.2.1.9 FlammableandCombustibleliquid.

3.4.2.1.9.1 AlicensemustbeobtainedinaccordancewiththePetroleumActforallstorageofClassIpetroleumgreaterthan25L(6gal).

3.4.2.1.9.2 AlicensemustbeobtainedinaccordancewiththePetroleumActforallstorageofClassIIpetroleumgreaterthan1000L(264gal)individuallyand2000L(528gal)aggregate.

3.4.2.1.9.3 Licensesrequiredbythissectionmustbeprominentlypostedandkeptuptodate.

3.4.2.1.10 Chemicalstorage.AllotherchemicalstorageshallbeincompliancewithBNBCPart3Section2.13.

3.4.2.1.11 Thestorageoruseofliquefiedorcompressedflammablegascylindersshallbeprohibitedwithinthefactorybuilding.

3.4.3 NonseparatedOccupancies.Wheremorethanoneoccupancyoccursandisnotseparatedinaccordancewith3.4.4,themostrestrictiverequirementsforeachoccupancyshallapplyforfireprotection,meansofegress,typeofconstruction,andallowablebuildingheightandarea.Noseparationisrequiredbetweennonseparatedoccupanciesmeetingtherequirementofthissection.

3.4.4 SeparatedOccupancies.NewandexistingoccupanciesshallbeseparatedfromotheroccupanciesinaccordancewithBNBCPart3Sections2.3and3.1.5.

3.5 BuildingHeightandAreas.

3.5.1 General.Thegeneralrequirementsforheightlimitationsforbuildingsbasedonopenspace,frontage,andfloorarearatiosinaccordancewithBNBCPart3Section1.8shallbemetforallnewconstruction.Note:nononratedconstructionisallowedfortheoccupanciesfoundintheRMGfactoriesfornewconstructionpertheBNBC.

3.5.2 NewConstruction.

3.5.2.1 ConstructionofnewnonhighrisefactoriescontainingGand/orH2occupancies(factories)shallbeType1orType2constructionasrequiredinBNBCPart2Table3.2.4.

3.5.2.2 ConstructionofnewnonhighrisebuildingscontainingJoccupanciesshallbeType1construction.

3.5.3 ExistingBuildings.

3.5.3.1 Existingbuildingsgreaterthan2storieswithnonratedconstructionshallnotexceed2000m2(22,000sq.ft.)perfloorunlessautomaticsprinklerprotectionisprovidedthroughout.

3.6 HighRiseBuildings.

3.6.1 General.Highrisebuildingsshallbedefinedasthosestructuresorbuildingswherethehighestoccupiablefloorislocatedmorethan20m(65ft)abovethegradelevelaroundthebuilding.Therequirementsofthissectionshallapplytobothnewandexistingbuildings.SeeBNBCPart3Section2.10.6.



3.6.2 Construction.

3.6.2.1 Newconstruction.

3.6.2.2 ConstructionofnewhighrisebuildingsshallbelimitedtoType1constructionasrequiredinBNBCPart3Section2.10.6.2.ThisrequirementshallapplytoalloccupancytypesandnotjustTypeF.

3.6.2.3 Existingbuildings.

3.6.2.4 Type3andnonratedconstructionshallnotbeallowedforhighrisebuildings.

3.6.3 Automaticsprinklersystem.Automaticsprinklersystemsshallbeprovidedthroughoutallnewandexistinghighrisebuildingswithanoccupiablefloorgreaterthan23m(75ft)abovethefinishedgradeinaccordancewithSection5.3.

3.6.4 Firedetectionandalarmsystem.AnautomaticfiredetectionandalarmsystemshallbeprovidedthroughoutallnewandexistinghighrisebuildingsinaccordancewithSection5.7.

3.6.5 Emergencypower.Anemergencypowersystemshallbeprovidedtosupplypowertothefollowingloads:

1. Exitsignsandmeansofegressillumination2. Automaticfiredetectionsystems3. Firealarmsystems4. Electricallypoweredfirepumps.5. Smokecontrolsystems6. Elevators/lifts

3.6.5.1 Batterypoweredsignsandexitlights.Existingbatteryoperatedoruninterruptablepowersupply

systemscanbecontinuedtobeusedtosupplyexitsignsandmeansofegressilluminationwheremonthlytestingofsuchsystemsisconductedandproperlydocumented.

3.6.5.2 Duration.Emergencypowershallbeprovidedforaminimumdurationof60min.

3.7 Atriums.

3.7.1 General.Thissectionshallapplytobuildingsorstructurescontainingverticalopeningsknownasatrium.

3.7.2 Definition.Anatriumisanopeningconnectingtwoormorestoriesotherthanenclosedstairways,elevators,plumbing,electrical,mechanical,orotherequipmentthatisenclosedinfireratedenclosures.Storiesdonotincludemezzaninesthatareopen.

3.7.3 Firealarmsystem.AnautomaticfirealarmsystemshallbeprovidedthroughoutallnewandexistingbuildingscontaininganatriuminaccordancewithSection5.7.



3.7.4 Separation.EnclosureofnewandexistingatriumshallbeinaccordancewithBNBCPart3Section3.1.17.f)withthefollowingmodification.Glasswallsandinoperablewindowsshallbepermittedinlieuofthe1hr.firebarrierwhereallofthefollowingitemsaremet:

(1) Automaticsprinklersareplacedonbothsidesoftheglassatmaximum1.83m(6ft)intervals.(2) Thesesprinklersareplacednomorethan305mm(12in.)fromtheglasstoallowwettingtheentire

surfaceoftheglass.(3) Theglassisofwired,tempered,orlaminatedglassheldinplacebygasketedframesallowingthe

glasstodeflectwithoutbreakingpriortooperationofthesprinklers.(4) Sprinklerscanbeeliminatedfromtheatriumsideoftheglassonlevelswherethereisnotawalking

surfaceontheatriumsideabovethelowestleveloftheatrium.(5) Doorsintheglasswallsaresmokeresistantandareselforautomaticclosing.(6) Theglassisverticallycontinuous,notprovidedwithouthorizontalelementsthatwouldpreventthe

sprinklersfromwettingtheentiresurfaceoftheglass.

3.7.5 EngineeringAnalysis.Anengineeringanalysisshallbeconductedoftheatriathatdemonstratesthatthebuildingisdesignedtokeepthesmokelayerinterfaceabovethehighestunprotectedopeningtoadjoiningspaces,or1830mm(6ft)abovethehighestfloorlevelopentotheatriumfor20min.Theresultsoftheengineeringanalysismayrequiresmokecontrol,separation,sprinklerprotectionand/orotherprotectionfeatures.

3.7.6 Smokecontrol.SmokecontrolrequiredbytheengineeringanalysisinnewandexistingconstructionshallbedesignedinaccordancewithNFPA92unlesstherequirementsof3.7.6.1aremet.

3.7.6.1 Atriainexistingbuildingsshallnotberequiredtohaveasmokecontrolsystemprovidedtheentireatriumisseparatedfromtherestofthebuildingby2hrfireresistanceratedconstructionandwhereegresspathsdonotpassthroughtheatriumandwhereemergencyworkersarenotrequiredtoaccesstheatrium.

3.8 TypeofConstruction.

3.8.1 General.Buildingsandstructuresthatareerectedortobeerected,alteredorextendedinheightorareashallmeettheconstructiontypesaslistedinBNBCPart3Chapter3.

3.8.2 Separation.ConstructiontypesshallbeseparatedbyfirewallsorprovidedwithfireresistanceratedwallsandseparationdistanceinaccordancewithSection3.9.

3.8.2.1 Firewalls.FirewallsshallbebuiltinaccordancewithIBCSection706.

3.8.2.2 Noseparation.Whennoseparationisprovidedbetweenconstructiontypes,thelesserconstructiontypeshallapplytoeachbuildingthatisnotseparatedinaccordancewithSection3.8.2and3.9.

3.8.2.3 Theprovisionsof3.8.2.2shallnotapplytoconstructionofanunprotectedsteelframestructureontheroofofabuilding.

3.9 SeparationDistances.AllnewbuildingsandstructuresshallbeseparatedfromotherbuildingsinaccordancewithBNBCPart3Table3.2.2andBNBCPart3Section2.4.1.3.ExteriorwallsofexitenclosuresinnewandexistingbuildingsmustmeettherequirementsofBNBC.(Seealso6.14.5).

Part4FireProtectionConstruction


4 Part4FireProtectionConstruction

4.1 General.Thissectiondescribestherequirementsformaterials,systemsandassembliesusedforstructuralfireresistanceandfireresistanceratedconstructionseparationtoseparatethespreadoffireandsmokebothinternalwithinabuildingorstructureandfromstructuretostructure.

4.2 Definitions.

4.2.1 Firewall.Afireresistanceratedwallhavingprotectedopenings,whichrestrictsthespreadoffireandextendscontinuouslyfromthefoundationtoorthroughtheroof,withsufficientstructuralstabilityunderfireconditionstoallowcollapseofconstructiononeithersidewithoutcollapseofthewall.[IBC702.1]

4.3 FireResistance.Thefireresistanceratingsofstructuralelements,buildingcomponentsorassembliesshallbedeterminedinaccordancewiththetestproceduresoutlinedinASTME119orUL263.

4.4 Fireresistanceofstructuralmembers.ThefireresistanceofstructuralmembersshallbeincompliancewithBNBCPart3Chapter3andTable3.3.1(repeatedbelow).



Table 3.3.1 Required Fire Resistance Ratings of Building Elements (in hours) for Various Types of Construction

Building Element Type of ConstructionType 1 Type 2 Type 3

(1) Exterior bearing walls 4 2 1 (see Note a)

(2) Exterior nonbearing walls and curtain walls 2 1.5 1 (see Note a)

(3) Interior bearing walls, bearing partitions, columns, girders,trusses (other than roof trusses) and framing

a) Supporting more than one floor 4 2 2 b) Supporting one floor only or a roof only 3 1.5 1

(4) Structural frame and structural members supporting wa 3 1.5 1 (see Note b)

(5) Floor construction including beams 3 1.5 1

(6) Roof construction, including beams, trussesand framing, arches and roof deck

a) 5 m or less in height to lowest member 2 1.5 1 b) More than 5 m but less than 7 m in height to lowe 1 1 1 c) 7 m or more in height to lowest member 0.5 0.5 0.5

(7) Fire walls and party walls 4 2 2 (see Note c)

(8) Enclosure of fire exits 2 2 2

(9) Shafts (other than exits) and elevator hoistways 2 2 2

(10) Access corridors leading to fire exits 1 1 1

(11) Vertical separation of tenant spaces 1 1 1

(12) Nonbearing partition walls 0.5 0.5 0.5

(13) False/suspended ceilings 0.5 0.5 0.5

(14) Smoke barriers 1 1 1

(15) Mixed occupancy separation (see Note d)

Note a : Not less than the rating based on fire separation distance (see Table 3.2.2) b : Not less than fire resistance rating of wall supported c : Not less than the rating required in Table 3.2.1 d : Fire resistance ratings of mixed occupancy separation, where permitted, shall be as require in Table 3.2.1.



4.4.1 FireResistanceRatingsofCommonElements.SeeTable4.1.1fromBNBCPart4relistedasTable4.4.1below.AcalculatedfireresistanceshallbepermittedtobedemonstratedusingtheprovisionsofalternativemethodssuchasthosepresentedinIBC,Section722.

Table4.4.1

FireResistanceRatingofCommonConstructionElements

Structural Element Fire Resistance Rating 1. SOLID WALLS a. 75 mm thick walls of clay bricks b. 125 mm thick walls of clay bricks c. 250 mm thick walls

0.75 hour 1.5 hours 5.0 hours

2. RC WALLS a. 150 mm thick RC wall b. 200 mm thick RC wall c. 250 mm thick RC walls d. 300 mm thick RC walls

3.0 hours 4.0 hours 5 hours 6 hours

3. RC SLABS a. 100 mm RC slabs with 13 mm cover over reinforcement b. 150 mm RC slabs with 19 mm cover over reinforcement c. 200 mm RC slabs with 19 mm cover over reinforcement d. 250 mm RC slabs with 25 mm cover over reinforcement

1 hours

2.5 hours

3.75 hours

5.0 hours

4. RC COLUMNS (1:2:4) a. 250 mm x 250 mm with 25 mm cover over reinforcement b. 300 mm x 300 mm with 25 mm cover over reinforcement c. 400 mm x 400 mm with 25 mm cover over reinforcement d. 400 mm x 400 mm with 50 mm cover over reinforcement

3.0 hours

4.0 hours

6.0 hours

8.0 hours

4.4.2 Parapets.ParapetsthatareconstructedonratedexteriorconstructionshallbeofthesameratingastheexteriorwallratinginaccordancewithBNBCPart3Section3.1.13.

4.5 Separation.

4.5.1 General.Separationoffloors,occupancies,hazards,exitenclosuresshallbeprovidedwithfireresistiveratedconstructionfirebarriersinaccordancewiththissection.



4.5.2 FireBarriers.Firebarriersshallbeclassifiedas1,2,or3hrfireresistiveratedconstruction.

4.5.2.1 Firebarriershallbecontinuousfromoutsidewalltooutsidewall,fromonefirebarriertoanotherorcombinationthereofandshallbecontinuousthroughallconcealedspaces.

4.5.2.2 FirebarriersshallbeconstructedofmaterialsmeetingthetestingrequirementsofASTME119.

4.5.2.3 Allopeningsinfirebarriersshallbeprotectedwithfireresistantprotectiveopeningprotectioninaccordancewith0.

4.5.3 Verticalopenings.Openingsthroughafloor/ceilingassemblyshallbeprotectedshaftsinaccordancewith4.5.7unlessmeetingtherequirementsof4.5.3.1or4.5.3.2.

4.5.3.1 Ashaftenclosureisnotrequiredforpenetrationsbypipe,tube,conduit,wire,cableandventsprotectedinaccordancewith4.7

4.5.3.2 Ashaftenclosureisnotrequiredforstairsorotherflooropeningsconnectingonlytwostoriesthatdonotserveasarequiredexitandisseparatedfromflooropeningsservingotherfloorsbyconstructionasrequiredforshafts,anddoesnotconnecttoabasementareaorstorageorhazardousoccupancies.

4.5.4 Doors.

4.5.4.1 FiredoorsassembliesshallconformtoNFPA252,BS476Part22,EN13641,GB129552008,orIS3614PartII.TheASTMstandardreferencedintheBNBCPart4Section1.5.4hasbeenwithdrawn.

4.5.4.2 Allfiredoorsshallbeselforautomaticclosinganduponclosingshallincludepositivelatchinghardware.

4.5.5 Windows.

4.5.5.1 FirewindowsshallconformtoNFPA257orBritish,European,Chinese,orIndianstandardforfirewindowtests.TheASTMstandardreferencedintheBNBCPart4Section1.5.5hasbeenwithdrawn.

4.5.6 Ducts.Ductspenetratingfireresistanceratedassembliesshallbeprotectedwithlistedfiredampers.Dampersshallbe1hr.rateddamperswhenlocatedina2hrorlessfireresistanceratedassembly.Dampersshallbe3hrrateddamperswhenlocatedina3hrorgreaterfireresistanceratedassembly.

4.5.7 Shafts.

4.5.7.1 Fireresistancerating.Ashaftenclosureshallbehaveaminimumfireresistanceratingof2hrwhenconnectingfourstoriesormoreandaminimumfireresistanceratingof1hrwhenconnectingthreestoriesorless.

4.5.7.2 Continuity.Ashaftenclosureshallbeconstructedasafirebarrierandshallmeetthecontinuityrequirementsof4.5.2.1.

4.5.7.3 Openings.Openingsinshaftsshallbelimitedtothosenecessaryforthepurposeoftheshaft.Theseopeningsshallbeprotectedasrequiredin0.



4.6 OpeningProtectives.OpeningsinfireresistanceratedwallsshallbeprotectedinaccordancewithBNBCPart4Section2.5andthefollowing.

(1) 3hrfirebarriersprotectedwith3hrfireprotectiveopeningassemblies(2) 2hrfirebarriersprotectedwith1.5hrfireprotectiveopeningassemblies(3) 1hrfirebarriersprotectedwithhrfireprotectiveopeningassemblies(4) 1hrexitenclosuresandverticalshaftsprotectedwith1hrfireprotectiveopeningassemblies.

4.7 Penetrations.PenetrationsoffireresistiveratedassembliesshallbeprotectedwithalistedthroughpenetrationfirestopsystemtestedinaccordancewithASTME814.

4.7.1 Penetrationsinaconcreteormasonrywallbysteel,ferrousorcopperconduits,pipes,tubesorventswithamaximum150mm(6in.)nominaldiameterwheretheareaoftheopeningthroughthewalldoesnotexceed0.0929m2(144in2)shallbepermittedtobeprotectedusingconcrete,groutormortarinstalledthefullthicknessofthewalltomaintainthefireresistancerating.

4.7.2 Penetrationsinasingleconcretefloorbysteel,ferrousorcopperconduits,pipes,tubesorventswithamaximum150mm(6in.)nominaldiametershallbepermittedtobeprotectedusingconcrete,groutormortarinstalledthefullthicknessofthefloororthethicknessrequiredtomaintainthefireresistancerating.Thepenetratingitemsshallnotbelimitedtothepenetrationofasingleconcretefloor,providedtheareaoftheopeningthrougheachfloordoesnotexceed0.0929m2(144in2).

Part5FireProtectionSystems


5 Part5FireProtectionSystems

5.1 General.Thissectiondescribestherequirementsastowherefireprotectionsystemsarerequiredandtherequirementsfordesign,installationandoperationofthesefireprotectionsystems.

5.2 Definitions.(Reserved)

5.3 AutomaticSprinklerSystems.

5.3.1 General.Automaticsprinklersshallcomplywiththissection.

5.3.2 Whererequired.Automaticsprinklersystemsshallbeinstalledinnewandexistingbuildingsandstructuresasdescribedinthefollowingsubsections.

5.3.2.1 HighRiseBuildings.

5.3.2.1.1 Automaticsprinklerprotectionshallbeinstalledthroughoutallportionsofnewandexistinghighrisebuildingswithanoccupiablefloorgreaterthan23m(75ft)abovethefinishedgradeinaccordancewith5.3.3.

5.3.2.1.2 Requiredautomaticsprinklerprotectionshallbeinstalledinaccordancewith5.3.3.

5.3.3 Installationrequirements.AllinstallationanddesignrequirementsoutlinedinBNBCPart4Chapter4shallbereplacedbytherequirementsofNFPA13.Pipeschedulesshallnotbeusedtosizepipe.AllsystemsshallbehydraulicallycalculatedtomeettherequiredNFPA13designrequirements.

5.3.3.1 Documentation.InstallationofnewautomaticsprinklersystemsshallberequiredtoprovideshopdrawingsandhydrauliccalculationsasoutlinedinNFPA13.ThesedrawingsshallincludealldetailsasoutlinedinNFPA13.

5.3.3.2 DocumentationReview.AllsprinklersysteminstallationsshallbesubmittedforreviewtotheAlliance.

5.3.4 Acceptancetesting.TestingoftheinstallationshallbeconductedinaccordancewithNFPA13acceptancetestingrequirements.DocumentationofalltestingshallbesubmittedforreviewtotheAlliance.TheOwnershallcontacttheAlliancepriortoconductingthefinalacceptancetestingofthesprinklerinstallationtoallowtheAlliancetheoptionofwitnessingthistestingandconductafinalinspectionoftheinstallation.

5.3.5 Supervisionandalarms.

5.3.5.1 Valves.Allvalvescontrollingautomaticsprinklersystems,firepumps,andwatersupplysystemsshallbeelectricallysupervisedbyalistedfirealarmsystemcontrolunit.

5.3.5.2 Alarms.Anapprovedaudibledeviceshallbeconnectedtoeveryautomaticsprinklersystemandshallbeactivatedbywaterflowequaltotheflowofonesprinkler.Whereafirealarmsystemisinstalled,activationofthewaterflowshallactivatethefirealarmsystem.

5.3.6 Testingandmaintenance.AutomaticsprinklersystemsshallbetestedandmaintainedinaccordancewithNFPA25.

5.3.6.1 Storageclearance.Allstorageshallbemaintainedwitha460mm(18in.)minimumclearancefromthetopofstoragetothesprinklerdeflector.



5.3.6.2 Solidshelves.

5.3.6.2.1 Racks.Unlessinrackautomaticsprinklershavebeendesignedandinstalled,solidshelfrackingshallnotbeused.Aminimumof50%openingsinshelvingmaterialshallbeconsideredopenshelves.SeeNFPA13forfurtherclarification.

5.3.6.2.2 Shelves.Shelvingunitsnotgreaterthan760mm(30in.)deepcanhavesolidshelves.Backtobacksolidshelfunitsnotgreaterthan760mm(30in.)deepeachwithasolidverticalbarriercanhavesolidshelves.SeeNFPA13forfurtherclarification.

5.3.6.3 Aisles.MinimumaislesshallbemaintainedfreeofstorageinaccordancewithNFPA13basedonthedesigncriteriausedforthesprinklersystem.

5.4 StandpipeSystems.

5.4.1 General.Standpipefireprotectionsystemsshallcomplywiththissection.

5.4.2 Whererequired.AClassIIIstandpipesystem(botha40mmconnectionwithattachedhoseanda65mmconnection)shallbeinstalledthroughoutallnewandexistingbuildingsandstructureswherethehighestoccupiedfloorismorethan10m(33ft)abovegradeormorethan10m(33ft)belowgrade.

5.4.2.1 WherethebuildingisprotectedthroughoutwithautomaticsprinklersaClassIstandpipe(65mmconnectionswithoutattachedhose)shallbepermitted.TheinstallationofOccupantUse(ClassII40mmconnections)shallnotberequired.

5.4.3 Installationrequirements.AllinstallationanddesignrequirementsoutlinedinBNBCPart4Chapter4forcombinedstandpipeandautomaticsprinklersystemsshallbereplacedbytherequirementsofNFPA14withaminimumpressureof450kPa(65psi)atthehydraulicallymostremotehoseconnection.StandalonestandpipesystemsshallmeetthelocalBNBCrequirementswithaminimum450kPa(65psi)pressureatthehydraulicallymostremotehoseconnectionorNFPA14.

5.4.3.1 Documentation.InstallationofnewcombinedstandpipeandsprinklersystemsshallberequiredtoprovideshopdrawingsandhydrauliccalculationsasoutlinedinNFPA14.ThesedrawingsshallincludealldetailsasoutlinedinNFPA14.

5.4.3.2 DocumentationReview.AllstandpipesysteminstallationsshallbesubmittedforreviewbytheAllianceforreviewpriortocommencementofinstallation.

5.4.3.3 Acceptancetesting.TestingoftheinstallationshallbeconductedinaccordancewithNFPA14acceptancetestingrequirements.DocumentationofalltestingshallbesubmittedforreviewbytheAlliance.TheOwnershallcontacttheAlliancepriortoconductingthefinalacceptancetestingofthestandpipeinstallationtoallowtheAlliancetheoptionofwitnessingthistestingandconductafinalinspectionoftheinstallation.

5.4.4 Locationofhoseconnections.

5.4.4.1 Standpipehoseconnectionsshallbelocatedinallrequiredstairwellsateachfloorlevelincludingoccupiableroofs.



5.5 Watersupply.

5.5.1 Installationrequirements.AllnewinstallationsanddesignrequirementsoutlinedinBNBCPart4Chapter4forwatersuppliesshallbereplacedbytherequirementsofNFPA20(firepumps),NFPA22(watertanks),andNFPA24(undergroundwatermains).Existingwatersuppliesshallbeevaluatedforreliabilityandsupportthehydraulicdemandsanddurationofanyneworexistingsystemssupplied.

5.5.1.1 Documentation.InstallationofnewfireprotectionwatersupplysystemsshallberequiredtoprovideshopdrawingsandhydrauliccalculationsasoutlinedinNFPA13,20,22,and24.ThesedrawingsshallincludealldetailsasoutlinedinNFPA13,20,22,and24.

5.5.1.2 DocumentationReview.AllfireprotectionwatersupplysysteminstallationsshallbesubmittedforreviewbytheAllianceforreviewpriortocommencementofinstallation.

5.5.1.3 Acceptancetesting.TestingoftheinstallationshallbeconductedinaccordancewithNFPA13,20,22and24acceptancetestingrequirements.DocumentationofalltestingshallbesubmittedforreviewbytheAlliance.TheOwnershallcontacttheAlliancepriortoconductingthefinalacceptancetestingoftheinstallationtoallowtheAlliancetheoptionofwitnessingthistestingandconductafinalinspectionoftheinstallation.

5.5.2 Roofmountedtanks.NonewroofmountedtankstosupplywatertonewstandpipeorsprinklerprotectioninstallationsshallbeallowedwithoutcomplyingwiththerequirementsofPart8.

5.5.3 Sizeoftanks.Tanksshallbesizedfortheminimumdurationforfireprotectionsupplyasoutlinedin5.3.3.

5.5.4 Firedepartmentconnections.Firedepartment(Siamese)inletconnectionsshallbeprovidedtoallowfiredepartmentpumperequipmenttosupplementthefireprotectionsystems.Firedepartmentoutletconnectionsshallbeprovidedtoallowfiredepartmentpumpervehiclestodrawwaterfromgroundlevelorundergroundwaterstoragetanks.ConnectionsshallmatchtheFireServiceandCivilDefencehosethreadstandard.

5.5.5 Acceptance.AcceptancetestingoftheinstallationshallbeinaccordancewithNFPA20,22,and24testingrequirements.DocumentationofalltestingshallbesubmittedtotheAllianceforreviewpriortofinalacceptancebytheAlliance.TheOwnershallcontacttheAlliancepriortoconductingthefinalacceptancetestingofthefirepumpinstallationtoallowtheAlliancetheoptiontowitnessthistestandtoconductafinalinspectionoftheinstallation.

5.6 PortableFireExtinguishers.PortablefireextinguishersshallbeinstalledthroughoutallnewandexistingfacilitiesinaccordancewithBNBCPart4Section4.10andNFPA10.

5.6.1 Spacing.Extinguishersshallbeplacedsothatmaximumtraveldistancetothenearestunitshallnotexceed30m(100ft).

5.6.2 Mountingheight.

5.6.2.1 Fireextinguishershavingagrossweightnotexceeding18.14kg(40lb)shallbeinstalledsothatthetopofthefireextinguisherisnotmorethan1.53m(5ft)abovethefloor(NFPA106.1.3.8).

5.6.2.2 Fireextinguishershavingagrossweightgreaterthan18.14kg(40lb)(exceptwheeledtypes)shallbeinstalledsothatthetopofthefireextinguisherisnotmorethan1.07m(3ft)abovethefloor(NFPA106.1.3.8).



5.7 FireAlarmandDetection.

5.7.1 General.Firealarmanddetectionsystemsshallcomplywiththissection.

5.7.2 Definitions.

5.7.2.1 Manualalarm.Afirealarmsystemthatactivatesthesystemalarm(s)andoccupantnotificationdevicesbymanualinitiation.

5.7.2.2 Automaticalarm.Afirealarmsystemthatactivatesthesystemalarm(s)andoccupantnotificationdevicesbyautomaticinitiatingdevices(e.g.smokedetector,heatdetector,sprinklerwaterflow).

5.7.3 Whererequired.Automaticormanualfirealarmanddetectionsystemsshallbeinstalledthroughoutallnewandexistingbuildingsandstructureswhererequiredin5.7.3.2through5.7.3.9.

5.7.3.1 Whereautomaticdetectionisrequiredin5.7.3.2through5.7.3.7,initiatingdevicesshallincludeeithersmokeorfiredetectiondevicesspacedinaccordancewithNFPA72.Whencompletesprinklerprotectionisprovidedthroughoutafloorwithwaterflowdevicesdesignedtoinitiatethealarmnotification,smokeandfiredetectiondevicescanbeeliminatedthroughoutthatfloor.

5.7.3.2 OccupancyB.Amanualfirealarmsystemshallbeprovidedinallnewandexistingdaycarefacilitiesthatarelocatedinotheroccupanciesorinbuildingsgreaterthan2stories.Whenlocatedinbuildingswithotheroccupanciesrequiringanautomaticfirealarmsystem,anautomaticfirealarmsystemshallbeprovided.

5.7.3.3 OccupancyE.Anautomaticfirealarmsystemshallbeprovidedthroughoutallnewandexistingassemblyoccupancies.

5.7.3.4 OccupancyF.Amanualfirealarmsystemshallbeprovidedthroughoutallnewandexisting3ormorestorybuildings.Whenlocatedinbuildingswithotheroccupanciesrequiringanautomaticfirealarmsystem,anautomaticfirealarmsystemshallbeprovided.AnautomaticfirealarmanddetectionsystemshallbeprovidedthroughoutallnewandexistinghighrisebuildingsasoutlinedinSection3.6.

5.7.3.5 OccupancyG1.Amanualfirealarmsystemshallbeinstalledthroughoutallnewandexistinglowhazardindustrialoccupancies.Whenlocatedinbuildingswithotheroccupanciesrequiringanautomaticfirealarmsystem,anautomaticfirealarmsystemshallbeprovided.

5.7.3.6 OccupancyG2.Anautomaticfirealarmanddetectionsystemshallbeprovidedthroughoutallnewandexistingmoderatehazardindustrialoccupancies.

5.7.3.7 OccupancyH.Amanualfirealarmsystemshallbeprovidedthroughoutallnewandexistingstorageoccupancies.Whenlocatedinbuildingswithotheroccupanciesrequiringanautomaticfirealarmsystem,anautomaticfirealarmsystemshallbeprovided.

5.7.3.8 OccupancyJ.Anautomaticfirealarmanddetectionsystemshallbeprovidedthroughoutallnewandexistinghazardousoccupancies.

5.7.3.9 OccupancyK.Amanualfirealarmsystemshallbeprovidedthroughoutallmiscellaneousoccupancies.Whenlocatedinbuildingswithotheroccupanciesrequiringanautomaticfirealarmsystem,anautomaticfirealarmsystemshallbeprovided.



5.7.4 Installationrequirements.AllinstallationanddesignrequirementsoutlinedinBNBCPart4Section4.4shallbesupplementedbytherequirementsofNFPA72.

5.7.4.1 Documentation.InstallationofnewfirealarmanddetectionsystemsshallberequiredtoprovideshopdrawingsandasoutlinedinNFPA72.

5.7.4.2 DocumentationReview.AllfirealarminstallationsshallbesubmittedforreviewbytheAllianceforreviewpriortocommencementofinstallation.

5.7.4.3 Acceptancetesting.TestingoftheinstallationshallbeconductedinaccordancewithNFPA72acceptancetestingrequirements.DocumentationofalltestingshallbesubmittedforreviewbytheAlliance.TheOwnershallcontacttheAlliancepriortoconductingthefinalacceptancetestingofthefirealarminstallationtoallowtheAlliancetheoptionofwitnessingthistestingandconductafinalinspectionoftheinstallation.

5.7.4.4 Evacuation.Automaticalarmevacuationshallbeprovideduponinitiationofanyofthefollowing:manualalarmbox,waterflowalarm,ortwoormoreautomaticsmokeorfiredetectiondevices.Notificationshallbeprovidedthroughoutthebuildingfortotalevacuation.Existingpartialevacuationsystemsshallbereplaced.

5.7.5 Monitoring.UntilthattimethatacentralstationmonitoringserviceordirectconnectiontotheFireServiceandCivilDefencecanbesetup,apersonshallbeassignedtocontactthefiredepartmentintheeventoffirealarmactivation.Anannunciatorshallbelocatedinaconstantlyattendedlocationtoalertthisperson.

5.7.6 Airhandlingequipment.

5.7.6.1 SmokedetectorslistedforuseinairdistributionsystemsshallbelocatedasrequiredinNFPA90A.

5.8 Automaticandmanualheatandsmokeventilation.

5.8.1 NewConstruction.SmokeandheatventsshallbeinstalledinbuildingsasrequiredbyBNBCPart4SectionB2.

5.8.2 Smokeandheatventsshallnotbeinterconnectedwiththeautomaticfirealarmsystem.

5.8.3 Inexistingbuildings,automaticheatandsmokeventsshallbeconvertedtomanualonlyoperationifthebuildingisprovidedwithautomaticsprinklers.

5.9 FireDepartmentElevators(Lifts).

5.9.1 Newconstruction.FireliftsshallbeinstalledinallhighrisebuildingsinaccordancewithBNBCPart4Section2.11.

5.9.2 Existingconstruction.FireliftsshallbeinstalledwhererequiredbytheFireServiceandCivilDefenceinaccordancewithBNBCPart4Section2.11.

5.9.3 Recall.Phase1andPhase2ElevatorrecallshallbeprovidedfornewconstructioninaccordancewithASMEA17.1.

5.9.4 Shafts.Allfiredepartmentliftsshallbeinstalledinshaftsinaccordancewith4.5.7ofthisStandard.

5.10 CookingOperations.CookingoperationsthatproducegreaseladenvaporsshallbeprohibitedunlessventilationandafireprotectionsystemisprovidedinaccordancewithNFPA96.

Part6MeansofEgress


6 Part6MeansofEgress

6.1 General.Buildingsshallbeprovidedwithameansofegresssystemforalloccupantstosafelyevacuatefrombuildingsandstructures.

6.2 Definitions.(Reserved)

6.3 GeneralMeansofEgress

6.3.1 SeparationofMeansofEgress.

6.3.1.1 Corridors.Exitaccesscorridorsservinganoccupantloadexceeding30shallbeseparatedbywallshavingafireresistanceratingof1hrinaccordancewith4.5unlessprovidedwithautomaticsprinklerprotectionthroughoutthestoryorbuilding.

6.3.1.2 Exits.Exitsshallbeenclosedwithfireresistanceratedconstructionasoutlinedin6.3.1.2.1through6.3.1.2.3.

6.3.1.2.1 Exitsconnectingthreeorfewerstoriesshallbeenclosedwithaminimum1hrfireresistancerating.

6.3.1.2.2 Exitsconnectingfourormorestoriesshallbeenclosedwithaminimum2hrfireresistancerating.

6.3.1.2.3 Exitsshallbeenclosedwiththesamefireresistanceratingasthefloorpenetratedbutwillnotneedtoexceed2hr.

6.3.1.3 Exteriorexitstairs.Exteriorexitstairsshallbeseparatedfromthebuildingwiththeratingrequirementsof6.3.1.2.Theratingoftheexteriorwallshallextend3.05m(10ft)beyondtheendsofthestairstructure.

6.3.2 InteriorFinish.Allinteriorfinishesforexitsshallbelimitedtoaflamespreadindexof75andsmokedevelopedof450astestedinaccordancewithASTME84.

6.3.3 Headroom.Allmeansofegressshallhaveaminimumceilingheightof2.3m(7ft6in.)withprojectionsfromtheceilingnotlessthan2.03m(6ft8in.).Theminimumceilingheightshallbemaintainedforatleast2/3ofthespaceorroomaslongastheremainingareashallbenotlessthan2.03m(6ft8in.).Headroomonstairsshallnotbelessthan2.03m(6ft8in.).

6.3.4 Walkingsurfaces.

6.3.4.1 Changesinelevation.Abruptchangesinelevationofwalkingsurfacesshallnotexceedin.unlessprovidedwithabeveledslopeof1in2thatdonotexceedin.Changesgreaterthanin.shallmeettherequirementsfor6.3.5.

6.3.4.2 Walkingsurfacesshallbemostlylevel;however,shallnotexceedaslopeof1in20inthedirectionoftravelunlessmeetingtherequirementsforrampsin6.10.

6.3.5 ChangesinLevel.Changesinlevelexceeding535mm(21in.)inelevationshallmeettherequirementsforstairsin0orrampsin6.10.

6.3.5.1 Thechangeinlevelshallbereadilyapparentandifnot,markedwithadditionalsignageorfloormarkings.

6.3.6 SlipResistance.Walkingsurfaces,includingstairwaytreadsshallbeuniformlyslipresistant.

Part6MeansofEgress


6.3.7 Guards.Guardsshallbeprovidedinaccordancewith6.12ontheopensidesofmeansofegresscomponentswheretheelevationexceeds760mm(30in.)abovethegroundorfloorbelow.

6.3.8 Impedimentstomeansofegress.Nolocksorotherdevicesshallbeinstalledonameansofegresscomponentthatwouldpreventanyoccupantfromhavingsafeegressfromthebuildingorstructure.

6.3.9 Reliability.Meansofegressshallbemaintainedcontinuouslyfreeandclearofallobstructionsorimpedimentstofullinstantuseinthecaseoffireorotheremergency.

6.3.9.1 Furnishings,decorations.Nofurnishings,decorations,orotherobjectsshallobstructexitsandaccesstoexits.Nothingshallobstructorimpedevisibilitytoexits.

6.4 OccupantLoad

6.4.1 Theoccupantload,innumberofpersonsforwhommeansofegressarerequired,shallbedeterminedonthebasisoftheoccupantloadfactorsinBNBCPart4Section3.5.1thatarecharacteristicfortheuseofthespaceorthemaximumprobablepopulationofthespace,whicheverisgreater.

6.4.2 TheoccupantloadfactorsfromtheBNBCareasfollows:

(1) Assemblywithtablesandchairs:1.5m2peroccupant(16ft2peroccupant)net(2) Assemblywithoutfixedseats:0.7m2peroccupant(7ft2peroccupant)net(3) Offices:10m2peroccupant(100ft2peroccupant)gross(4) Industrial:10m2peroccupant(100ft2peroccupant)gross(5) Storage:30m2peroccupant(300ft2peroccupant)gross(6) Hazardous:10m2peroccupant(100ft2peroccupant)gross

6.4.2.1 RMGfactoriesshallhaveacalculatedoccupantloadof2.3m2peroccupant(25ft2peroccupant).Thisoccupantloadfactorispermittedtobeincreasedordecreasedbasedontheactualnumberofoccupants.

6.4.3 Increasedoccupantload.Theoccupantloadispermittedtobeincreasedabovethecalculatedoccupantloadprovidedthatallothermeansofegressrequirementsforthathigheroccupantloadaremet.

6.4.4 Postingofoccupantload.Theoccupantloadshallbepostedforeveryassemblyandproductionfloorinafacilityinaconspicuousspacenearthemainexitorexitaccessdoorwayforthespace.

6.5 EgressWidth

6.5.1 Minimumwidthofaisles.Aislesshallbeprovidedwithaminimumunobstructedclearwidthof0.9m(36in.).

6.5.2 Meansofegresscontinuity.Thepathofegresstravelalongameansofegressshallnotbeinterruptedbyanyobstruction.Thecapacityofthemeansofegressshallnotbereducedalongthepathoftravel.

6.5.3 Capacity.Thetotalcapacityofthemeansofegressshallforanystory,floor,orotheroccupiedspaceshallbesufficientfortheoccupantloadascalculatedin6.4.1.

6.5.4 CapacityFactors.ThecapacityfactorsforcalculatingtheavailableegressforeachmeansofegresscomponentshallbeinaccordancewithBNBCPart4Table4.3.2(repeatedbelow).

6.5.4.1 Forassemblyuseareasprovidedforprayerhalls,dininghallsandlikeareasaswellasbusinessareasthatareforintegralusebythefactoryworkers,thecapacityfactorfortheprimaryoccupancyuseofthebuildingshallbepermittedtobeused.

Part6MeansofEgress


BNBCTable4.3.2RequiredExitWidthperOccupant

Occupancy

Buildings without Sprinkler System (mm per person)

Buildings thoroughly Sprinkled (mm per person)

Stairways Ramps & Corridors

Doors Stairways Ramps & Corridors

Doors

A Residential B Educational F1,F2, Business & F4 Mercantile G Industrial H Storage

8

5

4

5

4

4

C1,C2, Institutional C3

10 5 4 5 5 4

C4 Institutional 8 5 4 8 5 4

D Health Care 25 18 10 15 12 10

E Assembly F3 Business and Mercantile

10

7

5

7

5

5

J Hazardous 8 5 4 8 5 4

6.5.5 SufficientCapacity.Fornewconstruction,wheremorethanonemeansofegressisrequired,themeansofegressshallbeofsuchwidthandcapacitythatthelossofanyonemeansofegressleavesavailablenotlessthan50percentoftherequiredcapacity.

6.5.6 Minimumwidths.

6.5.6.1 Doors.

6.5.6.1.1 Doorsinanexistingmeansofegressshallhaveaminimumwidthof0.8m(32in.).

6.5.6.1.2 Newdoorsinameansofegressshallhaveaminimumwidthof1m(39in.).

6.5.6.2 Stairs.

6.5.6.2.1 Innewconstructionandfornewlyconstructedstairs,stairsshallhaveaminimumwidthof1.5m(60in.)forallindustrialoccupanciesand2.0m(79in.)forallassemblyoccupancies.Forassemblyuseareasprovidedforprayerhalls,dininghallsandlikeareasthatareforintegralusebythefactoryworkers,theminimumwidthfortheprimaryoccupancyuseofthebuildingshallbepermittedtobeused.

6.5.6.2.2 Inexistingconstruction,stairsshallhaveaminimumwidthof0.9m(35in.).

6.6 NumberofMeansofEgress

6.6.1 General.Thenumberofmeansofegressfromanyfloor,storyorportionthereofshallnotbelessthan2exceptwhereasingleexitispermittedby6.6.2,asinglemeansofegressispermittedby6.6.5orwhereagreaternumberisrequiredby6.6.3.

Part6MeansofEgress


6.6.2 Singleexits.OnlyoneexitshallberequiredinexistingbuildingswheretheoccupantloadandtraveldistancelistedinTable6.6.2arenotexceeded.

TABLE6.6.2 STORIESWITHONEEXITStory Occupancy MaximumOccupantsperFloorandTravelDistanceGroundorBasement

B 50 occupantsand23m(75ft)traveldistanceE,F,G,K 50 occupantsand23m(75ft)traveldistance

H 30occupantsand30m(100ft)traveldistanceJ 5 occupantsand8 m(25ft)traveldistance

Secondstory F,G 30occupantsand23m(75ft)traveldistanceH 30occupantsand23m(75ft)traveldistance

6.6.3 Highoccupantload.Thenumberofmeansofegressfromanyfloororstoryshallnotbelessthan3whentheoccupantloadexceeds500perstoryandnotlessthan4whentheoccupantloadexceeds1000perstory.

6.6.4 Occupiedroofs.Occupiedroofsshallbeprovidedwiththeminimumnumberofexitsrequiredasastory.

6.6.5 SpaceswithOneMeansofEgress.Asinglemeansofegressshallbepermittedforspaceshavinganoccupantloadofnotmorethan49andwherethecommonpathofegresstraveldoesnotexceedthelimitationsof6.13.2.

6.6.6 ArrangementofExits.Wheretwoormoreexitsormeansofegressarerequired,theexitdoorsormeansofegressopeningsshallbelocatedadistanceapartequaltonotlessthanonehalfofthelengthofthemaximumoveralldiagonaldimensionofthebuildingorareatobeservedmeasuredinastraightlinebetweenexitdoorsoregressopenings.Wherethebuildingisprovidedwithacompleteautomaticsprinklersystem,theseparationoftheexitsormeansofegressopeningsshallbenotlessthanonethirdofthemaximumoveralldiagonaldimension.

6.7 EgressIllumination.AllpathsofegressshallbeprovidedwithilluminationinaccordancewithPart10ofthisStandard.

6.8 DoorsandGates

6.8.1 Doorswing.Alldoorsinameansofegressshallbeofthesidehingedswingingtype.Rolldownandslidinggatesandshuttersshallnotbeallowed.Doorsservinganoccupantloadofmorethan50shallswinginthedirectionofegresstravel.

6.8.2 Locking.

6.8.2.1 General.Doorsshallnotbelockedinthedirectionofegressunderanyconditions.Allexistinghasps,locks,slidebolts,andotherlockingdevicesshallberemovedunlessprovidedforin6.8.2.2and6.8.2.3.

6.8.2.2 Doorsmaybelockedwherethelatchandlockaredisengagedwithonemotionwheretheoccupantloaddoesnotexceed49persons.Turningadoorhandleanddisengagingalockisconsideredtwomotions.

6.8.2.3 Doorsmaybeprovidedwithlockinghardwarefromtheingresssideprovidedthatapanicbarisinstalledonanydoorwithanoccupantloadexceeding49persons.Thereentryprovisionsof0mustbemet.

Part6MeansofEgress


6.8.3 Reentry.Everydoorinastairenclosureservingmorethan5storiesshallbeprovidedwithreentryunlessitmeetstherequirementsof6.8.3.1.

6.8.3.1 Stairdoorsmaybepermittedtobelockedfromthestair(ingress)sidethatpreventsreentrytothefloorprovidedatleasttwofloorsallowingreentrytoaccessanotherexitareprovided,therearenotmorethan4storiesinterveningbetweenreentryfloors,reentryisallowedonthetopornexttotoplevel,reentrydoorsareidentifiedassuchonthestairside,andlockeddoorsshallbeidentifiedastothenearestreentryfloors.Whenthedischargefloorisdeterminedtobearequiredreentryfloorusingtheaboverequirements,reentrydoesnothavetobeprovidedbackintothebuildingonthislevel.

Figure6.8.3.1(a).Requiredreentryfloorswhenstartingatthetoplevel.

Figure6.8.3.1(b).Requiredreentryfloorswhenstartingatthenexttotoplevel.

Part6MeansofEgress


Figure6.8.3.1(c).Requiredreentryfloorswhenstartingatthetoplevelforseveraldifferentheightbuildings.

Figure6.8.3.1(d).Requiredreentryfloorswhenstartingatthenexttotoplevelforseveraldifferentheightbuildings.

6.8.4 Warehouse.DoorstostoragebuildingsshallbeincompliancewithBNBCPart4Section3.24.2.

6.8.5 Landings.Alandingshallbeprovidedonbothsidesofdoorsusedinthemeansofegress.Doorshallnotswingoutoverstairs.

Part6MeansofEgress


6.9 Stairs.

6.9.1 NewConstruction.NewlyconstructedstairsshallbeincompliancewithBNBCPart3Section1.12.5.

6.9.2 Existing.Existingstairsshallmeettherequirementsofthissubsection.

6.9.2.1 Stairsshallbeofnoncombustibleconstruction.

6.9.2.2 Landings.Landingsshallbeprovidedwithsamewidthinthedirectionofegresstravelasthestairclearwidthshallbeprovidedateachlevelandatintermediatelandings.Existinglandingsthatarelessthanthestairwidth,shallreducetheoverallavailablecapacityofthestairascalculatedin6.5.

6.9.2.3 Treads.Stairtreadsshallbeofnominaluniformity.

6.9.2.3.1 Themaximumriserheightforanystairshallbe215mm(8.5in.).

6.9.2.3.2 Anyriserheightatthetoporbottomstepinastairrunexceedingmorethan51mm(2in.)differencefromtheadjacentriserheightshallbemodifiedtobewithinthistolerance.

6.9.2.3.3 Anyriserheightortreaddepthnotatthetoporbottomstepinastairrunexceedingmorethan25mm(1in.)differencefromtheadjacentstepshallbemodifiedtobewithinthistolerance.

6.9.2.3.4 Forexistingstairsthatdonotmeetthesetreaddimensionsandwillrequireextensivereworkofthestairway,afulldetailedanalysisofthetreaddimensionscanbesubmittedtotheAuthorityforreviewandapprovalofanalternatecorrectiveactionplan.

6.9.2.4 Handrails.Handrailsshallbeprovidedonbothsidesofeachstairway.Intermediatehandrailsshallbeprovidedwhenthestairwidthexceeds2.2m(87in.).

6.9.2.5 Guards.Guardsshallbeprovidedinstairsinaccordancewith6.12.2.

6.9.3 Signs.

6.9.3.1 StairdesignationsignsshallbeprovidedateachfloorentrancefromthestairtothefloorinEnglishandBengali.Signsshallindicatethenameofthestairandthefloorlevel.Signsshallbepostedadjacenttothedoor.

6.10 Ramps.

6.10.1 Width.Rampsusedinameansofegressshallnotreducetheoverallmeansofegresswidth.Theminimumwidthshallbe1.1m(44in.).

6.10.2 Slope.Newrampsshallnothavearunningslopegreaterthan1in12(8percent).Existingrampsshallnothavearunningslopegreaterthan1in8(12.5percent).

6.10.3 Handrails.Rampsshallbeprovidedwithhandrailsonbothsidesoftheramp.

Part6MeansofEgress


6.11 ExitSigns.

6.11.1 Location.Lightedexitsignsshallbeplacedatentrancetoanexit.Additionalexitsignsshallbeplacedthroughoutthefacilityanywherethecontinuationoftheegressisnotobvious.

6.11.2 Power.Lightedexitsignsshallbeprovidedwitheitherbatterybackuporemergencypowerandshallbecontinuouslyilluminated.

6.11.3 Directionalsigns.Directionalsignsshallbeprovidedwherethereisachangeinthedirectionforthepathoftravelandthedirectiontoanexitisnotobvious.

6.12 HandrailsandGuards.

6.12.1 Handrails.

6.12.1.1 Newhandrailsshallhaveaminimumheightof865mm(34in.)andamaximumheightof965mm(38in.)asmeasuredfromtheleadingedgeofthetread.

6.12.1.2 Existinghandrailsthatarelessthan760mm(30in.)orgreaterthan1100mm(44in.)asmeasuredfromtheleadingedgeofthetread,shallbereplacedwithhandrailsmeetingtherequirementsof6.12.1.1.

6.12.2 Guards.Guardsshallbeprovidedatallopensidesofmeansofegressthatexceed760mm(30in.)abovethefloororfinishedgroundbelow.

6.12.2.1 Newguardsshallhaveaminimumheightof1067mm(42in.).

6.12.2.2 Existingguardsshallhaveaminimumheightof760mm(30in.).

6.12.2.3 Openguardsshallhaveintermediaterailsorpatternsuchthatasphere200mm(8in.)indiametercannotpassthroughanyopeninguptoaheightof865mm(34in.).

6.12.2.4 Roofs.Alloccupiableroofsshallbeprovidedwithparapetsorguardswithaminimumheightof1067mm(42in.).

6.13 TravelDistance.

6.13.1 General.TraveldistancetoreachanexitfornewandexistingshallnotexceedthevalueslistedinBNBCPart4Section3.15.1unlesstherequirementsof6.13.1.1or6.13.1.2canbemet.

6.13.1.1 TraveldistancelimitationsforG2(RMGfactories)shallbeincreasedto60m(200ft)whereacompleteautomaticfiredetectionsystem,portablefireextinguishers,andstandpipesystemareprovidedinaccordancewiththisStandard.

6.13.1.2 TraveldistancelimitationsforG2(RMGfactories)shallbeincreasedto122m(400ft)whereacompleteautomaticsprinklersystem,automaticfirealarmsystem,andportablefireextinguishersareprovidedinaccordancewiththisStandard.

6.13.2 CommonPathofTravel.Thecommonpathofegresstravelshallnotexceed23m(75ft).Wherethebuildingisprovidedwithacompleteautomaticsprinklersystem,thecommonpathofegresstravelshallnotexceed30m(100ft).ThecommonpathofegresstravelforGroupH(storage)occupancieswithnotmorethan30occupantsshallnotexceed30m(100ft).ThecommonpathofegresstravelforGroupJ(highhazard)occupanciesshallnotexceed8m(25ft).

Part6MeansofEgress


6.13.3 DeadEndCorridor.DeadendcorridorsshallnotexceedthatprovidedinTable6.13.3

Table6.13.3 DeadEndCorridorMaximumLength

Occupancy Unsprinklered SprinkleredB,F,K 20ft 50ftE 20ft 20ftG 50ft 50ftH 50ft 100ftJ NotAllowed

6.14 ExitEnclosures.

6.14.1 Ratings.Interiorexitstairwaysandrampsshallbeenclosedwithfirebarriersconstructedinaccordancewith4.5.2.

6.14.2 Termination.Interiorexitstairwaysandrampsshallterminateatanexitdischargeexceptwhereterminatingatanexitpassagewayconstructedinaccordancewith6.15.

6.14.3 Openings.Openingsintoanexitenclosureotherthanunprotectedexteriorwallsshallbelimitedtothosenecessaryforexitaccesstotheenclosure.Innewconstruction,elevatorsshallnotopenintoanexitenclosure.Openingsfromexitenclosurestostorageareas,basements,transformerrooms,generatorrooms,boilerrooms,andsimilarnormallyunoccupiedspacesshallbeprovidedwithvestibules.

6.14.4 Penetrations.Penetrationsintoandthroughanexitenclosureshallbeprohibitedwiththeexceptionofrequiredexitdoors,sprinklerpiping,standpipes,electricalracewayforfirealarmequipment,andelectricalconduitservingtheexitenclosure.

6.14.5 Exteriorwalls.Exteriorwallsofexitenclosuresshallcomplywith3.9.

6.14.6 Smokeproofenclosures.SmokeproofenclosuresshallbeprovidedfornewstairsasrequiredinBNBCPart4Section3.13.

6.14.7 Exposures.Wherenonratedwallsorunprotectedopeningsenclosetheexteriorofthestairwayandthewallsoropeningsareexposedbyotherpartsofthebuildingatanangleoflessthan180degrees(3.14rad),thebuildingexteriorwallswithin3050mm(10ft)horizontallyofanonratedwallorunprotectedopeningshallhaveafireresistanceratingofnotlessthan1hr.Openingswithinsuchexteriorwallsshallbeprotectedbyopeningprotectiveshavingafireprotectionratingofnotlessthanhr.Thisconstructionshallextendverticallyfromthegroundtoapoint3050mm(10ft)abovethetopmostlandingofthestairwayortotheroofline,whicheverislower.[IBC1022.7]

6.15 ExitPassageways.

6.15.1 Definition.Anexitpassagewayisanexitcomponentthatisseparatedfromotherinteriorspacesofabuildingorstructurebyfireresistanceratedconstructionandopeningprotectives,andprovidesforaprotectedpathofegressinahorizontaldirectiontotheexitdischargeorthepublicway.

6.15.2 General.Exitpassagewaysshallbeconsideredanextensionofthestairsandshallnotbeusedforanyotherpurpose.

Part6MeansofEgress


6.15.3 Construction.Exitpassagewaysshallhavewalls,ceilings,andfloorsthatmeetthesameratingrequirementastheexitthatisbeingservedandshallnotbelessthan1hrfireresistanceratedconstruction.

6.15.4 Termination.Exitpassagewaysshallterminateatanexitdischarge.

6.16 HorizontalExits.HorizontalexitsshallcomplywiththerequirementsofBNBCPart4Section3.12.

6.17 ExitDischarge

6.17.1 General.Exitsshalldischargedirectlytotheexteriorofthebuildingunlessmeetingtherequirementsof6.17.3or6.17.3.Theexitdischargeshallbeatgradeorprovidedirectaccesstograde.Exitdischargeshallnotreenterabuilding.

6.17.2 EgressCourt.Anegresscourtservingasaportionoftheexitdischargeshallbeopentotheskyorprovidedwithafireresistanceratedenclosurethesameastheexitenclosure.Egresscourtslessthan3050mm(10ft)inwidth(asmeasuredfromthebuildingandtheadjacentpropertyline)shallbeprovidedwithwallshavinga1hrfireresistanceratedconstructionforadistanceof3050mm(10ft)abovethefloorofthecourt.

6.17.3 Interiorbuildingexitdischarge.Amaximumof50percentofthenumberandcapacityoftheexitenclosurescandischargethroughareasonthelevelofexitdischargewhereallofthefollowingaremet:

(1) Automaticsprinklerprotectionisprovidedthroughoutthelevelofexitdischargeorportionofthelevelofdischargewhereseparatedfromnonsprinkleredportionsofthefloorbyfirebarrierswiththesamefireresistanceratingastheexitenclosure.

(2) Theinteriordischargeisnotthroughastorageorhazardousoccupancy.(3) Theentireareaofthelevelofexitdischargeisseparatedfromareasbelowbyconstructionhavinga

fireresistanceratingnotlessthanthatrequiredfortheexitenclosure.(4) Thewaytotheexteriorshallbefreeandunobstructedandshallbereadilyvisibleandidentifiable

fromthepointofdischargeoftheinteriorexit.

Part7BuildingMaterials


7 Part7BuildingMaterials

7.1 TherequirementsofPart5ofthe2006BNBCareadoptedintheirentirety,withthefollowingadditionalparagraphs.

7.2 Masonrychipaggregateconcrete(MCAC)

7.2.1 Masonrychipaggregateconcreteisallowedinexistingfactorieswiththefollowingadditionalrequirements.

7.2.2 IfthestructuralbuildingassessmentorotherindicationsuggeststhatthatthefactoryincludesstructuraluseofMCAC,thenspecialconfirmationofadequacywillberequired,includingthefollowing:

7.2.2.1 Thecompressivestrengthofcolumns,floorframingandshearwallsusingMCACshallbeinvestigatedbyanappropriateprogramofinsitutestingandrepresentativedestructivetestingofcoresamples.

7.2.2.1.1 Alternatively,ifthestructureanditsmainloadbearingelementsdonotshowanysignoflackofperformanceandarefoundtohavereasonablesafetyfactor,asconfirmedbysimplecalculationsthentherequirementofdestructivetestingofcoresamplestoobtaininsitustrengthmaybewaived.

7.2.2.2 IfMCACisusedinanyhorizontalframingelementexposedtorainfallorothersourceofwater(suchasrooflevelframing),thenthetopsurfaceoftheframingmustbecompletelysealedfromwaterintrusionbyawellmaintainedprotectivecoating.

7.2.2.2.1 Alternatively,ifthestructurehasapositivedrainageslopeofatleast2%anddrainswithdownspoutsatlowspotstopreventponding,thentherequirementforcompletesealingofthetopsurfacemaybewaived.

7.2.2.3 Ifcolumnsorotherstructuralelementsusingmasonrychipaggregateconcreteareexposedtoweather,theymustbeprotectedfromexposuretowateranddampness.

7.2.2.4 ThestructuraldesignshallconsidertheeffectsofMCAConreductioninelasticmodulusofconcrete,coefficientofcreepandcompressivestrengthcomparedtoconcretewithstoneaggregates.

7.2.3 Fornewconstruction,theuseofMCACshallnotbeallowedinthefollowingmembers:

1)Foundation,gradebeamsandcolumnsbelowgradeandincontactwithwaterorground.2)Structuralmemberincontactwithgroundorwaterorexposedtorainfall.3)AnypartofRCCframestructureinahighriseconstruction(morethan20mor65ft).

7.3 MinimumConstructionMaterialPropertiesInevaluatingthestructuralcapacityofexistingstructuralelements

7.3.1 ActualmeasuredortestedpropertiesofmaterialsmaybeusedforelementstestedinaccordancewithASTMStandards.

7.3.2 Wheretestinghasnotbeenusedtoconfirmactualpropertiesandthereisnosignofstructuraldistressordeficiencyinthesubjectmember,thefollowingminimumpropertiesmaygenerallybeused,unlessgoodengineeringjudgmentindicateslesserpropertiesshouldbeassumed:

7.3.2.1 Reinforcedconcrete(stonechip)16.5MPa(2370psi)

7.3.2.2 Reinforcedconcrete(masonrychip)14.5MPa(2045psi)

Part7BuildingMaterials


7.3.2.3 Reinforcingsteelinstalledpriorto2004:275MPa(40ksi)

7.3.2.4 Reinforcingsteelinstalledfrom2004topresent:415MPa(60ksi)

7.3.2.5 A36Structuralsteel248MPa(36ksi)yieldstrength

7.4 Minimumassumeddensityofreinforcedconcrete23.6kN/m3(150pcf)

Part8StructuralDesign


8 Part8StructuralDesign

8.1 ApplicabilityofBuildingCode

8.1.1 NewfactoriesshallcomplywiththemorestringentrequirementsofthisStandardandthe2006BangladeshNationalBuildingCodepluscodeupdatesandjurisdictionalcircularsastheymaybeissuedfromtimetotime.

8.1.2 ExistingfactorybuildingsarethosethatareincurrentuseintheBangladeshRMGindustryatthetimeofadoptionofthisStandard.

8.1.3 Foranysubstantialexpansionofanexistingfactory,theexpandedportionsandtheentirenewlyconfiguredfactorystructureshallcomplywiththerequirementsofPart6ofthe2006BangladeshNationalBuildingCode.

InterpretiveGuideline:Regardlessofwhenafactorywasconstructed,thestructuralimpactofanyexpansionontheentirestructuremustbeanalyticallyevaluatedandconfirmedbyaqualifiedstructuralengineer.

8.1.4 AdditionstoExistingStructures.Whenanexistingbuildingorstructureissubstantiallyextendedorotherwisealtered,allportionsthereofaffectedbysuchcauseshallbestrengthened,ifnecessary,tocomplywiththesafetyandserviceabilityrequirementsprovidedintheBNBC.

8.1.4.1 ThisStandardutilizesthe2006BNBC(modifiedasnotedherein)astheapplicablestandardfornewfactoryconstructionandforallexpansionsormodificationstoexistingfactories.WhenandifanewBangladeshNationalBuildingCodeisissuedbytheapplicableCodedevelopingbody,itwillbeadoptedastheapplicabletechnicalstandardfornewfactoriesandallexpansionsormodificationstoexistingfactories.

8.1.4.2 Asubstantialexpansionwillbeinterpretedtomeananynewfloororrooflevelsorhorizontalflooradditionsorsimilarnewstructure.

8.2 StructuralIntegrityofExistingFactoryBuildings:

8.2.1 EveryexistingfactorybuildingmustdemonstrateaminimumdegreeofstructuralintegrityasconfirmedbyeithercredibleoriginalstructuraldocumentationoraPreliminaryStructuralAssessmentperformedbyanAlliancequalifiedStructuralAssessor.

InterpretiveGuideline:TheintentofSection8.2isthateveryexistingfactorymustevidenceareasonablelevelofstructuralintegrityregardlessofwhenitwasconstructedandregardlessoftheavailabilityofcrediblestructuraldocumentation.Factoriesthatcanproducecrediblestructuraldocumentationthatindicatesgeneralconformancewith2006BNBCorothercomparableapplicableinternationalmodelbuildingcodemaybefoundtobecompliantwiththisStandard,subjecttofieldassessmentsinaccordancewiththeAllianceAssessmentProtocols.ThisStandardrequirestheanalyticalconfirmationofstructuralcapacityofkeygravityandlateralloadbearingelementsfortheactualinsituconditionsinthefactorybyanAlliancequalifiedAssessororbyanAlliancequalifiedstructuralengineerworkingonbehalfoftheFactoryOwner.Takenintandemwithacceptableobservedstructuralperformanceoftheoverallstructure,PreliminaryStructuralAssessmentmaybeacceptedasevidenceofareasonablelevelofstructuralintegrity.ForfactorybuildingswithnotedconcernsorunacceptablefindingsfromthePreliminaryStructuralAssessment,ahigherlevelofstructuralinvestigation,analysis,andongoinginspectionsmayberequired.



8.2.2 Existingfactorybuildingsandcomponentsthereofshallbeassessedtoconfirmdesignadequacytosupportallloads,includingdeadloadsastheymayoccurandliveloadsastheymaybeimposedonthefactoryduringitslifetime,withoutexceedingtheallowablestressesordesignstrengthsunderapplicablefactoredloadsandloadcombinationsforthematerialsofconstructioninthestructuralmembersandconnectionsinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofBNBC,exceptasspecificallymodifiedinthisStandard.

8.2.2.1 InterpretiveGuideline:Structuresmusthaveanalyticallydeterminedorempiricallydeterminedstructuralcapacitytosupportalltheimposedloadsincludingoccupants,equipment,watertanks,andstorageloadswithoutoverstressingstructuralelements.Wherethemagnitudeofdeadloadsandliveloadscanbedeterminedwithahighlevelofassurance,theapplicableloadfactorsandloadcombinationsmaybereducedasindicatedinthisStandard,subjecttoinfactoryconfirmationoftheactualloads.ThestructuralcapacityofkeyelementsmustbeconfirmedanddocumentedinaccordancewithacceptedengineeringdesignprocessesbyAlliancequalifiedstructuralengineers.

8.2.3 TheultimatestrengthdesignmethodforreinforcedconcreteelementsandsystemsandtheLoadFactordesignmethodforstructuralsteelstructuresshallbethebasisofassessmentunderthisStandard.StructuralintegrityofexistingfactoriesmaybeconfirmedbyPreliminaryStructuralAssessmentasdescribedinSection8.3.

8.2.4 Serviceability.Structuralframingsystemsandcomponentsshallbedesignedwithadequatestiffnesstoavoidexcessivecracking,deterioration,orunsafeconditionsduetodeflections,vibration,oranyotherserviceabilityshortcomings.

8.2.4.1 InterpretiveGuideline:Deflections(sagging),rotations(twisting),perceivablevibrations,orothernoticeablemovementsofthestructureshallrequireadditionalstructuralinvestigationasrequiredbythisStandard.ThisintentofthisStandardistofocusonLifeSafetyconcernsratherthanserviceability.

8.3 PreliminaryStructuralAssessmenttoConfirmStructuralIntegrityofExistingFactoryBuildings

InterpretiveGuideline.ItisrecognizedthatmanyBangladeshifactorybuildingswerebuiltbeforeorabsentactiveenforcementofBuildingCoderequirements.Manyofthesefactorieslackbasicdocumentationthatcouldprovideevidenceofphysicaldesigncharacteristicssuchaselementdimensions,reinforcingandmaterialstrengthswhichcouldbeusedtoreadilyconfirmthestructuralsafetyofthefactories.Recognizingthatabsenceofstructuraldocumentationdoesnotmakeafactoryunsafe,thisprotocolprovidesamethodologyforFactoryOwnerswholackappropriatedocumentationtoprovideotheracceptableevidenceofstructuralintegrity.

8.3.1 Thisprotocolisapplicableforfactoriesthat,inthesoleopinionoftheStructuralAssessor,lackcomplete,original,accurate,andcrediblestructuraldocumentationasdescribedinBNBC2006Part6Section1.9.

8.3.2 ThePreliminaryStructuralAssessmentshallincludethefollowingactivities:

8.3.2.1 Reviewofavailabledocuments,eitheroriginalstructuraldocumentspreparedinaccordancewithBNBCSection1.9ororasbuiltdocumentspreparedinaccordancewithSection8.20ofthisStandard.

8.3.2.2 Visualassessmentofallstructuralelementsforevidenceofdistress,cracking,orlackofperformance.

8.3.2.3 Visualandanalyticalconfirmationoffloorloadingincompliancewithfloorloadplans.

8.3.2.4 Visualconfirmationofperformanceoffoundations,includingabsenceofsettlementcracking,excessiveperimeterseparationsorsettlement,orlackoffloorlevelnessattributabletofoundationsettlements.



8.3.2.4.1 Inassessingtheloadcapacityadequacyofapilefoundationsystemunderanexistingfactorythathasperformedforatleastfiveyearswithoutindicationsofexcessivesettling,thefactoryofsafetyshallbeatleast1.5.

8.3.2.5 Visualconfirmationofclearandredundantloadpathforlateralloads,includingdiaphragmsandverticalelements.Visualobservationsshallnoteanyevidenceofapparentcrackingorotherlackofperformanceoflateralsystemsunderpriorlateralloading.

8.3.2.6 Simplestructuralcalculationstoassessthebasiccapacityofstructuralmembers,including:

8.3.2.6.1 Columnsandwallelementsatmostcriticaltiers,includinglowesttier.Verticalelementsshallbereviewedformaximumloadcombinationsofforcesduetoaxialandbending.

8.3.2.6.1.1 Unlessconfirmedotherwisebyscanningorotherinvestigations,columnsmaybeassumedtobereinforcedwithamaximumof1%steeltimesthegrossplanareaofthecolumn.

8.3.2.6.2 VulnerableorcriticalstructuralelementsidentifiedbyAssessorincludingtransfergirders,hangers,cantilevers,columnswithhighslendernessratio,flatplatefloors,andfootingswithinadequatethickness.

8.3.3 ThegeneralpurposeofthePreliminaryStructuralAssessment,andanyfollowupdetailedstructuralassessmentistoanswerthefollowingsevenquestionsintheaffirmative:(1) Istheverticalloadcarryingsystemlogical?(2) Isthelateralloadcarryingsystemapparentanddoesithaveredundancy?(3) Arekeystructuralelementssuchascolumns,slendercolumns,flatplates,andtransferstructures

satisfactory?(4) Isbuildingperformanceinrespecttofoundationsettlementsatisfactory?(5) Isthestructurefreefromanyvisiblestructuraldistress(progressivecracking)inmainloadcarrying

members?(6) Isthestructuralstrengthandperformanceofanyvisibleverticalorhorizontalextensionsacceptable?(7) Arecrediblestructuraldocumentsavailable?

a. EithercredibleoriginalstructuraldocumentinaccordancewithBNBCSection1.9orasbuiltdocumentsinaccordancewithSection8.20willgenerallysuffice.

8.4 ResultsofPreliminaryStructuralAssessmentofExistingFactoryBuildings

8.4.1 IftheAssessordeterminesthattheanswerstothesevenquestionsinSections8.3.3areaffirmative,thefactorymaybefoundtobeacceptablystructurallysafeandcompliantwiththisStandardwithoutfurtherstructuralinvestigations,atthediscretionoftheAssessor.

8.4.2 IftheAssessordeterminesthattheanswertooneormoreofthesevenquestionsinSections8.3.3arenegative,theAssessormayrecommendand/orconductmoredetailedstructuralassessment,investigationsoranalysis.

8.4.3 Ifamoredetailedengineeringassessmentisnottobecarriedout,Assessorsareencouragedtoconductinsitutestingofmaterialstrengthscoupledwithoutlinecalculations.

8.5 DetailedStructuralAssessmentofExistingFactoryBuildings

8.5.1 AtthesolejudgmentoftheAssessor,theAssessormayconductanddocumentdetailedstructuralassessmentsofmaterialstrengthsandlocationsusingnondestructivemethods(SchmidtHammer,UPV,ferroscanning,orsimilar)ordestructive(localizedcoringorselectiveremovalofmaterials.)



8.5.2 IfthevisualassessmentorthePreliminaryStructuralAssessmentindicatesareasofstructuralconcern,distressedstructuralmembers,orotherlackofcompliancewiththerequirementsofthisStandard,thenmoredetailedstructuralinvestigationshallberequired.

8.5.3 Detailedengineeringassessmentshallbeperformedonanystructuralmemberidentifiedasdistressed.Thecauseandextentofstructuraldistressshallbeidentifiedbyassessment.Toaccomplishthis,theFactoryOwnershallengageaqualifiedStructuralEngineeringConsultant(QSEC)thatmeetsthequalificationsestablishedbytheAlliancetoprovidestructuraladvisoryservicestoprepareallrequireddesignconfirmationandstructuraldocumentation.

8.5.4 Ifrequired,theQSECshallprepareasbuiltstructuraldocumentsasdescribedintheSection8.20.

8.5.5 Ifrequired,theQSECshallprepareFactoryLoadingPlansasdescribedinSection8.10.

8.5.6 Ifrequired,theQSECshallconductanddocumentdetailedstructuralconditionassessmentinaccordancewiththerequirementsofACI437,ASTM2018,orsimilaracceptedengineeringpractice.ThestrengthofconcreteandamountsofreinforcementincolumnsshallbeassessedbySchmidtHammertest,UPV,and/orcoretestandferroscanning.

8.5.7 Ifrequired,theQSECshallconductadditionaldetailedstructuralconditionassessmentsandinvestigationstodeterminetheadequacyofspecificstructuralelements,distressedstructuralmembers,orotherconditionsidentifiedbytheAssessor.

8.5.7.1 Inthiscase,theQSECshallstateassumptionsregardingstrengthandpropertiesofkeyconstructionmaterials.UnlessconfirmedotherwisebytestingofinsituconditionsinaccordancewithapplicableASTMtestprocedures,theQSECshalldeterminethematerialpropertiesusingSection7.3.

8.5.7.2 Unlessconfirmedotherwisebyscanningorotherinvestigations,columnsmaybeassumedtobereinforcedwithamaximumof1%steeltimesthegrossplanareaofthecolumn.

8.5.8 TheinstallationofmobilephoneantennaeorsimilardishstructuresortowersatopanyexistingfactoryshallbecriticallyexaminedagainstwindinducedforcesasspecifiedbytheBNBCusingnormalloadfactors.Ifadetailedstructuralassessmentofthecapacityofthestructuretosupportsuchatowerindicatesthatthefactoryisadverselyaffected,thenthetowershallberemoved.

8.6 RemediationofDeficientorOverloadedStructuralElements

8.6.1 IfthePreliminaryStructuralAssessmentormoredetailedstructuralinvestigationsdeterminethatstructuraldistressinastructuralmemberisduetoinadequatestructuralcapacityunderappliedloads,theFactoryOwnershalltakeappropriatestepstoremediatetheoverloadbyimplementingoneofthefollowingmethods:

8.6.1.1 Theappliedloadsmaybereducedtoacceptablelevelsifpossiblebyremovalandlimitationofstructure,equipment,utilities,orfloorloading,or

8.6.1.2 Overloadedstructuralelementsmaybestrengthenedusingproperlydesigned,documented,andinstalledstrengtheningandretrofit.

8.6.2 AllretrofitsaresubjecttotechnicalreviewbyAssessorpriortoimplementation.

8.6.3 Allinstallationofretrofitshallbeaccomplishedbyspecialtyfirmsexperiencedinthematerialsandtechniquesofstructuralretrofit.SeeSection8.30.



8.7 PhasedConstruction.Whenabuildingorstructureisplannedoranticipatedtoundergophasedconstruction,structuralmembersthereinshallbeinvestigatedanddesignedforanyadditionalstressesarisingduetosucheffect.

8.7.1 InterpretiveGuideline:Temporaryorpermanentloadsduetoconstructionphasingmustbeanticipatedandanalyticallyconfirmedbyaqualifiedstructuralengineerpriortoanyexpansion.

8.8 RestrictionsonLoading.TheFactoryOwnershallensurethattheliveloadforwhichafloororroofisorhasbeendesigned,willnotbeexceededduringitsuse.

8.9 FactoryLoadManager:TheFactoryOwnershallensurethatatleastoneindividual,theFactoryLoadManagerwhoislocatedonsitefulltimeatthefactory,istrainedinthestructuralcapacityandoperationalloadcharacteristicsofthespecificfactory.TheFactoryLoadManagershallserveasanongoingresourcetoRMGvendorsandberesponsibletoensurethatthefactoryoperationalloadsdonotatanytimeexceedthefactoryfloorloadinglimitsasdescribedontheFloorLoadingPlans.

8.10 FloorLoadingPlans(LoadPlans).Ineveryfactorybuilding,LoadPlansshallbepreparedforeachfloor.TheseLoadPlansshalldocumenttheactualmaximumoperationalloadingthatisintendedand/orallowableoneachfloor.LoadPlansshallincludetheitemsdescribedinSection8.20.4.3.TheLoadPlanforeachfloorshallbepermanentlyandconspicuouslypostedonthatfloor.LoadPlansaresubjecttoreviewandapprovalbyAllianceAssessors.SampleloadplanisincludedinFigure20.

8.11 FloorLoadMarkingsInareasoffactorybuildingsusedforstorageofworkmaterialsandworkproducts,walls,columns,andfloorsshallbeclearlymarkedtoindicatetheacceptableloadinglimitsasdescribedintheLoadPlanforthatfloor.

8.11.1 ForexistingfactorieswithproperlypreparedandpostedFactoryLoadingPlans,therequirementsofBNBCPart6Section1.4.5forpostingofliveloadsarewaived.

8.11.1.1 InterpretiveGuideline:Alliancesponsoredassessmentswillconfirmclearpostingoffloorliveloadplansandclearmarkingofstorageareas.Inrecognitionthatloadplansarenotcurrentlypreparedorposted,initialAllianceassessmentswillbefocusedonhelpingtheFactoryOwnerdevelopappropriateloadplansbasedontheactualdemonstratedfloorcapacityandoperationalutilization.TheresponsibilitytoproduceandpostloadplanslieswiththeFactoryOwner.

8.12 LoadFactorsandLoadCombinationsforStructuralAnalysis

8.12.1 Inanalyzingthestructuraladequacyofexistingfactories,theloadfactorsandloadcombinationsdescribedinTable8.1maybeusedonlyifthedeadandliveloadsareconfirmedbymeasurementasstatedinSection8.13and8.14.



Table8.1:AlternateLoadFactorsandLoadCombinations

ReinforcedConcreteStructures StructuralSteelStructures1.2D+1.6L 1.2D+1.6Lf+0.5Lr

1.05D+1.25L+1.0W 1.2D+1.3W+0.5Lf+0.5Lr 1.2D+1.5E+0.5Lf

D=DeadLoadL=LiveLoadW=WindLoadfromanydirectionE=SeismicLoadfromanydirectionLr=RoofLiveLoadLf=FloorLiveLoad

NOTE:ThisStandardconsidersdaytodayloadingconditionsforassessmentofexistingRMGfactorybuildingsconsideringlifesafetyagainstbuildingcollapse.Inthisconsideration,onlyservicelevelwindloadingsareconsideredforreinforcedconcretebuildings.However,assessmentsshouldnoteanykeyseismiccharacteristicsofbuildingsinthereportincludingirregularities,softstories,andthelike.F

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