Allergies, Asthma, Diabetes, and Arthritis. Allergies Allergy- specific reaction of the immune...
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Allergies, Asthma, Diabetes, and Arthritis. Allergies Allergy- specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently harmless substance Sneezing
Allergies Allergy- specific reaction of the immune system to a
foreign and frequently harmless substance Sneezing and running nose
that are thought to be from a cold can be a result from something
in the air Allergens- substances that cause allergy Common: pollen,
foods, dust, mold spores, chemicals, insect venum, and
medicines
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Antigens on the surface of allergens bind to immune cells in
lining of the nasal passages These cells release histamines-
chemicals that stimulate mucous and fluid production in an area
Produce sneezing, itchy eyes, runny nose, and other symptoms Some
people can have hives- itchy raised bumps on the skin
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Severe or life threatening symptoms Hives Itching or swelling
of affected area or mouth Difficulty breathing or swallowing Raspy
voice Swelling of tongue Sharp drop in blood pressure
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If you experience these symptoms after eating shellfish or
peanuts, or after being stung by a bee or wasp seek medical
attention
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Diagnosing Allergies You can diagnose on your own Notice if you
sneeze around certain plants or react to certain foods Three common
tests are used to diagnose Blood test Food elimination diet Skin
test- skin is scratches and a small amount of allergens are applied
activates inflammatory response
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Treatment Avoid the allergen Antihistamines- medicine that
controls the symptoms that is triggered by histamines Allergies
that irritate the respiratory tract can lead to Asthma
Immunotherapy- a series of shots that contain small amounts of the
allergen to which a person is sensitive to Causes immune system to
become less sensitive
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Other symptoms from eating something does not mean you are
allergic to a food Lactose intolerance is not an allergy People
allergic to certain foods must avoid the food that causes the
reaction- this includes reading the ingredient list on food
labels
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Asthma An inflammatory condition in which the small airways in
the lungs become narrowed causing difficulty in breathing More than
17 million people have Asthma in the US Can develop at any age but
1/3 of those with Asthma are under age 18
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The bronchiole tubes are sensitive to certain substances-
triggers Common triggers Tobacco smoke, air pollution, pet dander,
mold, pollen, and dust mites The muscles around the bronchial tubes
to tighten and produce extra mucus Results in minor wheezing to
severe difficulty in breathing
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Managing Asthma No cure Four strategies Monitor the condition-
recognize signs (shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing)
Manage environment or make behavior changes Manage stress- it can
trigger an attack Take medication- can relieve symptoms, prevent
flare ups, and reduce sensitivity Bronchodilators- taken with an
inhaler, relaxes and widens air pathway
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Diabetes A chronic disease that affects the way body cells
convert food into energy No cure Early detection can prevent
serious side effects Two Types
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Severe side effects: Blindness, kidney failure, limb
amputations, heart disease and, stroke If diagnosed diabetes can be
managed with medication, a healthful diet, and regular exercise It
is often preventable
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Involves insulin- a hormone that the pancreas produces that
helps glucose enter the bodys cells Involves glucose- Sugar from
carbohydrates we eat, provides energy to cells of the body
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For our bodys cells to function they need a constant source of
energy (glucose) If glucose is not converted into energy, it builds
up in the blood, and the bodys cells do not get energy Diabetes is
diagnosed by a blood test
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Type 1 Diabetes 5-10% of all diabetics Appears suddenly No
insulin production As a result glucose levels build up in the blood
and the body cells starve of energy Over time the high blood sugar
level damages eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart Cause is not
clear
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One theory is that a trigger stimulates a persons body to
destroy the cells of the pancreas that produce insulin Autoimmune
disease- a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks
itself People with type 1 diabetes must take daily doses of insulin
through injections or a surgical pump
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Type 2 Diabetes Most often appears after age 40 In now being
found in teenagers and young adults The body cannot use insulin
properly Build up of glucose results blood Becoming an epidemic
because of the increase in obesity and inactive lifestyles
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A diet high in fat, calories, and cholesterol increases the
risk Choose low fat, lower calories alternatives Increased physical
activity helps control weight and reduces blood cholesterol levels
Treatment includes weight management and regular physical activity
Diabetic neuropathy- nerve damage Can cause ulcers on the foot
which can lead to amputation or Nerve damage in the eye
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Arthritis A group of more than 100 different diseases that
cause pain and loss of movement in joints One in six people suffer
from this disease More common in older people but can affect
anyone
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Osteoarthritis A disease in the joints in which cartilage
breaks down Most common type of arthritis Cartilage- strong,
flexible tissue than cushions joints- becomes pitted and frayed
Cartilage can wear out completely and bones will rub against each
other Usually affects weight bearing joints Knees, hips, and feet
joints But can effect any joint- fingers, lower back
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Reducing the risk Controlling weight- reduces stress on joints
Preventing sports injuries- (warm up and stretch) damages cartilage
Protect against Lyme disease- from ticks
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Rheumatoid Arthritis A disease characterized by the
debilitating destruction of joints due to inflammation Appears
between ages of 30-50 3 times more common for women than men
Autoimmune disease No cure
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Joint pain, inflammation, swelling, and stiffness Eventually
joints may become deformed Mainly affects joints in the hand, foot,
elbow, shoulder, neck, knee, hip, and ankle Other effects include
fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes
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Early diagnoses is crucial With use of medications symptoms can
be controlled in many cases Treatment focuses on relieving pain,
inflammation, swelling, and stiffness Exercise, rest, joint
protection, physical and occupational therapy