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Johnstone et al. (2000). Allen et al. (2005). Tracing Dense Core Structure with NH 3. Oph B2. NH 3 (1,1) int. intensity (GBT). 850 m m continuum (JCMT). NH 3 emission shows excellent (but not perfect) correspondence with dust continuum emission. Tracing Dense Core Structure with NH 3. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Allen et al. (2005)Allen et al. (2005)
Johnstone et al. (2000)Johnstone et al. (2000)
Oph B2Oph B2
850 m continuum (JCMT) NH3 (1,1) int. intensity (GBT)
NHNH33 emission shows excellent (but not perfect) emission shows excellent (but not perfect) correspondence with dust continuum emissioncorrespondence with dust continuum emission
Tracing Dense Core Structure with NHTracing Dense Core Structure with NH33
Oph B2Oph B2
850 m continuum (JCMT) NH3 (1,1) int. intensity (GBT+ATCA)
NHNH33 emission shows excellent (but not perfect) emission shows excellent (but not perfect) correspondence with dust continuum emissioncorrespondence with dust continuum emission
Tracing Dense Core Structure with NHTracing Dense Core Structure with NH33
NHNH33 (1,1) in Oph B (1,1) in Oph B
Only 20/48 hr observed so far, rest scheduled for Only 20/48 hr observed so far, rest scheduled for October+October+
BB11
B2B2
BB33
Friesen et al. (2006, in preparation)
Tracing Dense Core Structure with NHTracing Dense Core Structure with NH33
NHNH33 in Oph B, C & in Oph B, C & FFOver next semester, will get more GBT and new VLA Over next semester, will get more GBT and new VLA
data:data: with (1,1) and (2,2) lines, will derive kinetic with (1,1) and (2,2) lines, will derive kinetic temperature across several Oph corestemperature across several Oph cores
with opacity, column densities + NHwith opacity, column densities + NH33 abundances abundances
with line widths, probe velocities; with Twith line widths, probe velocities; with TKK, get , get thermal and non-thermal motions simultaneously, thermal and non-thermal motions simultaneously, dynamicsdynamics
Tracing Dense Core Structure with NHTracing Dense Core Structure with NH33
5 Rationales for a K-band 5 Rationales for a K-band FPAFPA increase NH3 observing speed by >1 order of increase NH3 observing speed by >1 order of
magnitude, map dense cores faster and with better magnitude, map dense cores faster and with better samplingsampling
allow for more serendipitous discovery (early allow for more serendipitous discovery (early cores?) with wider areal coverage of mapscores?) with wider areal coverage of maps
maximize usage of “precious” K-band conditions maximize usage of “precious” K-band conditions at GBat GB
improve core statistics significantly with NHimprove core statistics significantly with NH33 follow-up of new Galactic surveysfollow-up of new Galactic surveys
will provide crucial single-dish data for K-band will provide crucial single-dish data for K-band EVLA projectsEVLA projects
Promise of a GBT K-band FPAPromise of a GBT K-band FPA
Gould Belt consists of SF molecular clouds within Gould Belt consists of SF molecular clouds within 500 pc including Orion, Taurus, Ophiuchus, 500 pc including Orion, Taurus, Ophiuchus, Perseus, Serpens, etc.Perseus, Serpens, etc.
Grenier (2004)
Gould Belt: 3D schematic
Promise of a GBT K-band FPAPromise of a GBT K-band FPA
Orion
CepheusFlare
IC 5146
Pipe Nebula
Ophiuchus
Taurus
Lupus
Serpens
R CrA
~110 sq. deg. at~110 sq. deg. at AAvv ≥ 3 ≥ 3
~1000 sq. deg. at~1000 sq. deg. at AAvv ≥ 1 ≥ 1Nutter (2005), after Cambrésy (1999)Nutter (2005), after Cambrésy (1999)
New Local SF Surveys:New Local SF Surveys:
• JCMT Legacy SurveyJCMT Legacy Survey: using : using SCUBA-2/HARP to map SCUBA-2/HARP to map Gould’s Belt clouds to AGould’s Belt clouds to Av v = 1-2 = 1-2 in 450/850 in 450/850 m + lines, m + lines, polarization in sub-regions polarization in sub-regions (2006+)(2006+)
• Herschel GT Key ProjectHerschel GT Key Project: : using SPIRE/PACS to map using SPIRE/PACS to map entirety of Gould’s Belt clouds entirety of Gould’s Belt clouds to Ato Av v > 3 at 80/110, 170, 250, > 3 at 80/110, 170, 250, 360, 520 360, 520 m (2008+)m (2008+)
• Spitzer c2d2 LegacySpitzer c2d2 Legacy: using : using IRAC+MIPS over GB clouds IRAC+MIPS over GB clouds (2003-2007)(2003-2007)
Herschel Space Observatory
SCUBA-2 HARP
Promise of a GBT K-band FPAPromise of a GBT K-band FPA
Spitzer Space Telescope
Infrared Dark Clouds:Infrared Dark Clouds:Extinction features in the mid-IRExtinction features in the mid-IR
~10,000 cold dust clouds seen in silhouette ~10,000 cold dust clouds seen in silhouette against warmer background dust. against warmer background dust.
MSX 8 m continuum
from Jackson (2005)from Jackson (2005)
Promise of a GBT K-band FPAPromise of a GBT K-band FPA
Promise of a GBT K-band FPAPromise of a GBT K-band FPA
ll = 326-335 deg, | = 326-335 deg, |bb| < | < 1 deg1 deg
New Galactic Plane Surveys:New Galactic Plane Surveys:
• JCMT Legacy SurveyJCMT Legacy Survey: (JPS) using : (JPS) using SCUBA-2 to map |SCUBA-2 to map |bb| < 1 (2006+)| < 1 (2006+)
• Herschel OT Key ProjectHerschel OT Key Project: (HiGal) : (HiGal) using SPIRE/PACS to map |using SPIRE/PACS to map |bb| < 1 | < 1 (2008+; not yet approved)(2008+; not yet approved)
• Spitzer LegacySpitzer Legacy: (GLIMPSE1, 2, & : (GLIMPSE1, 2, & 3, MIPSGAL) (2003-2007), using 3, MIPSGAL) (2003-2007), using IRAC and MIPS over various IRAC and MIPS over various ranges of ranges of ll
• HI SurveysHI Surveys: (IGPS, etc.), high-: (IGPS, etc.), high-resolution 21 cm mappingresolution 21 cm mapping
Herschel Space Observatory
SCUBA-2
Promise of a GBT K-band FPAPromise of a GBT K-band FPA
Spitzer Space Telescope
Summary: K-band FPASummary: K-band FPA synergistic, unique data to other single-dish synergistic, unique data to other single-dish FPAsFPAs
allow large surveys of NHallow large surveys of NH33 emission, yielding emission, yielding kinetic temperatures, column densities, and kinetic temperatures, column densities, and insight into the dense core dynamics; improve insight into the dense core dynamics; improve core statisticscore statistics
maximize use of “precious” K-band conditions maximize use of “precious” K-band conditions in Green Bankin Green Bank
provide crucial single-dish data for K-band provide crucial single-dish data for K-band EVLA projects in NHEVLA projects in NH33, CCS, HC, CCS, HC33N, RRLs, HN, RRLs, H22O O masers, etc.masers, etc.
a 10 x 10 array could yield 5’ x 5’ full-beam a 10 x 10 array could yield 5’ x 5’ full-beam coveragecoverage
Mr. KLEANMr. KLEAN
K-band Line Emission Array of K-band Line Emission Array of NraoNrao