WILLIS'S PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

13th Edition

Allan AshworthKeith Hogg Catherine Higgs

WIL

LIS

'S P

RA

CT

ICE

AN

D P

RO

CE

DU

RE

FO

R T

HE

QU

AN

TIT

Y S

UR

VE

YO

RA

shw

orth

, Hogg

and H

iggs13

TH

E

DIT

ION

WILLIS'S PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

13th Edition

Allan Ashworth, Keith Hogg and Catherine Higgs

Historically employed to estimate and measure the likely material requirements for any building project, the role of the modern quantity surveyor is diverse, with a wide range of employers and geographical locations to match. Change continues to be a feature in quantity surveying practice, with the New Rules of Measurement, the RICS Black Book and Building Information Modelling (BIM) all adding to the already dynamic environment in which the Quantity Surveyor operates. This new edition of Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor reflects that dynamic environment, addressing changing practices and procedures in the profession, whilst focussing on the core skills which are essential to success.

The 13th edition of this classic text, originally written by three generations of the Willis family (all quantity surveyors), continues to provide a thorough introduction to the work of the quantity surveyor in private practice, in public service and in contracting organisations.

The AuthorsAllan Ashworth DUniv (Hon), MSc is a Visiting Professor at the University of Salford and the Adjunct Professor in Quantity Surveying at UTAR in Malaysia. He is a former HMI (Her Majestys Inspector) in the Department for Education and Employment and the Senior Academic Advisor to the Centre for Education in the Built Environment based at the University of Salford.

Keith Hogg BSc, PGCE was, until his recent retirement, Associate Dean (Development) in the School of the Built Environment at Northumbria University. He worked in private practice in the UK and overseas and engaged in research and practise in areas of risk management and value management. Throughout much of his career he was closely involved with the RICS in areas of Quantity Surveying Practice and Surveying Education.

Catherine Higgs MSc, MRICS is a Senior Lecturer in Quantity Surveying and Associate Head of the Department of Construction and Property at the University of the West of England, Bristol. She is also a UWE Teaching Fellow with a strong interest in the pedagogy of quantity surveying practice.

Also AvailableWilliss Elements of Quantity Surveying11th EditionSandra Lee, William Trench and Andrew WillisPaperback, 9781444335002

Construction Quantity SurveyingA Practical Guide for the Contractors QSDonald ToweyPaperback, 9780470659427

pg3913File Attachment9780470672198.jpg

Williss Practice and Procedure

for the Quantity Surveyor

Williss Practice and Procedure

for the Quantity Surveyor

Thirteenth Edition

Allan Ashworth, DUniv (Hon), MScUniversity of Salford

Keith Hogg, BSc

Catherine Higgs, MSc, MRICSUniversity of the West of England,

Bristol

A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication

This edition first published 2013 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Registered OfficeJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UnitedKingdom.

Editorial Offices9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, United Kingdom.The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom.

For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.

The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. Allbrand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks orregistered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author(s) have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Ashworth, A. (Allan)Williss practice and procedure for the quantity surveyor / Allan Ashworth, Keith Hogg, Catherine Higgs. Thirteenth edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-67219-8 (pbk.)1. BuildingEstimatesGreat Britain. I. Hogg, Keith. II. Higgs, Catherine. III. Title. IV. Title: Practice and procedure for the quantity surveyor. TH435.W6853 2013 692.50941dc23

2012051176

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

ISBN: 978-0-470-67219-8 (pbk)

Cover image courtesy of iStockphotoCover design by www.hisandhersdesign.co.uk

Set in 10/12.5pt Palatino by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India

1 2013

Preface xii

1 The Work of the Quantity Surveyor 1Introduction 1A changing industry 2Construction sectors 5The role of the quantity surveyor 8Skills, knowledge and understanding 13Whats in a name? 16Discussion topic 18References 20Bibliography 21

2 Education, Training and Employment 22Introduction 22Chronology of quantity surveying education 19602012 22Quantity surveyors in education 25Partnership and accreditation 26Non-cognate disciplines 27Vocational experience and qualifications 28Assessment of professional competence (APC) 28Continuing professional development (CPD) 30Construction Industry Council (CIC) 30Changing work patterns 31The professions 40Role of the RICS 44Discussion topic 46References 48Bibliography 49

3 Organisation and Management 50Introduction 50Staffing 50Office organisation 52Employers responsibilities 54

Contents

vi Contents

Public relations and marketing 58Quality management 60Time and cost management 62Developing staff and skills 63Finance and accounts 65Discussion topic 70References 73Bibliography 73

4 The Quantity Surveyor and the Law 75Introduction 75The quantity surveyor and the client 75Collateral warranties 82Performance bonds 84Professional indemnity insurance 85Contracts of employment 85Equality Act 2010 87Discussion topic 88References 90Bibliography 90

5 Research and Innovation 91Introduction 91RICS 92Classification of research and development 93Research and development in the construction and property industries 94Rethinking construction innovation and research 95Changing role of the quantity surveyor 97Research and development in quantity surveying practice 98Academic research 100Research dissemination 101The importance of change 102Innovation 104Conclusions 105Discussion topic 106References 109Bibliography 109

6 Cost Control 110Introduction 110Project cost control 110Cost advice 111New rules of measurement (NRM) 112Precontract estimating methods 113

Contents vii

General considerations 117Accuracy of approximate estimates 118Preparing the approximate estimate 119Whole life costing 120Value management 121Risk analysis 121Best value 122Taxation 122Financial assistance for development 125Post-contract methods 127Discussion topic 129References 132Bibliography 133

7 Whole Life Costing 134Introduction 134Brief history 135Government policy 136Whole life value 136Whole life costing applications 137Main factors to consider 139Targeting the major elements of costs-in-use 141Depreciation and obsolescence in buildings 141Long life, loose fit and low energy 142Calculations 142Forecasting the future 144Whole life cost forum (WLCF) 148Conclusions 148Discussion topic 149References 152Bibliography 153

8 Value Management 154Introduction 154Background 155Terminology 155When should surveyors use value management? 156The application of value management 159Function analysis 166Supporting the case for value management 172Professional development and accreditation 173Discussion topic 174References 177Bibliography 177

viii Contents

9 Risk Management 179Introduction 179When should surveyors use risk management? 180The application of risk management 182Risk analysis 184Risk registers 186Expected monetary value (EMV) 189Simulation (quantitative risk analysis) 189Risk management 192Appraisal of risk management options 195Considerations in risk allocation 196Merging risk management and value management opportunity? 197Discussion topic 198References 202Bibliography 202

10 Procurement 203Introduction 203General matters 204Standard forms of contract 206Methods of price determination 207Contractor selection and appointment 210Procurement options 214Contract strategy 220Client procurement needs 221Partnering 223The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) 226The role of the quantity surveyor 226Discussion topic 227References 230Bibliography 230

11 Contract Documentation 232Contract documents 232Coordinated project information 233Form of contract 235Contract drawings 236Schedules 237Contract bills 237Methods of measurement 240Contract specification 242Schedules of rates 242Master programme 243Information release schedule 243Discrepancies in documents 243Discussion topic 244

Contents ix

References 246Bibliography 246

12 Preparation of Contract Bills 247Appointment of the quantity surveyor 247Receipt of drawings 248Taking-off 250Contract bills 253Invitation to tender 256Receipt of tenders 260E-tendering 266Discussion topic 268References 270Bibliography 270

13 Cost Management 272Introduction 272Valuations 273Valuation on insolvency 286Cost control and reporting 287Discussion topic 291References 294Bibliography 294

14 Final Accounts 295Introduction 295Variations 296Procedure for measurement and evaluation 298Pricing variations 301Provisional sums 307Fluctuations 308Materials 310Completing the account 312Audit 313Timing and resources 315Discussion topic 316References 319Bibliography 319

15 Insolvency 320Introduction 320The role of the quantity surveyor 323Scenario 323The role of the liquidator 324Determination of contract (contractor insolvency) 325Provision in the forms of contract 326

x Contents

Factors to consider at insolvency 327Completion of the contract 328The employers loss 329Expenditure involved 330Termination of contract (employer insolvency) 331Insolvency of the quantity surveyor or architect 332Performance bonds 332Discussion topic 333References 335Bibliography 336

16 Contractual Disputes 337Introduction 337Why disputes arise 338Litigation 339Arbitration 340Adjudication 342Alternative dispute resolution 343Conclusion 345Expert witness 346Lay advocacy 347Claims 348Discussion topic 355References 358Bibliography 358

17 Project Management 360Introduction 360Justifying project management by adding value 361Terminology 362Attributes of the project manager 363Duties and responsibilities of the project manager 369Quantity surveying skills and expertise 375Fees 376Education and training for the project manager 376Discussion topic 377References 381Bibliography 381

18 Facilities Management 382Introduction 382The work of the facilities manager 383Sustainability 397Facilities management opportunities for the quantity surveyor 400Education and training for the facilities manager 401

Contents xi

Discussion topic 401References 405Bibliography 405

19 Emergent Themes: Sustainability and BIM 406Introduction 406Background 406Quantity surveying and sustainability 412Zero carbon 413Building Information Modeling (BIM) 414BIM use within the industry 416Discussion topic 420References 422Bibliography 422

Index 424

These are changing times for the quantity surveyor; but that is nothing new! The profession is very different to what it was even twenty years ago. This is true for all professions where a commercial revolution has been taking place steered by the advent of new technology. If readers care to re-read the prefaces of earlier editions of this book, which was first published in 1951, they will observe that change has been a common theme. The ninth edition (1987), for example, stated, changes have evolved as the profession of quantity surveying has evolved. In the main these changes have been grad-ual but in recent years they have become more far reaching. This all sounds like it could have been written in 2012. The comments in earlier editions of this book reflected on a number of RICS reports on the changing role and nature of the quantity surveyor.

We have in previous editions of this book considered changing the name of the quantity surveyor to reflect a more modern or upbeat name. We never quite go there! Construction economist sounded good in the 1990s although, as recruiters know full well, this title seems even less attractive than that of quantity surveyor. It certainly does not help to recruit new members to the profession. Some of the larger diversi-fied practices are now content to use the term Management Consultant or, perhaps a better definition, Cost Management Consultant. Such titles offer a limited link to the construction industry in which the majority of quantity surveyors continue to work. Perhaps the most popular title today is that of Construction Cost Consultant. So why did we not change the title of the book? There are many reasons. Tradition that links us back to the first edition of this important work, many practitioners still describe themselves as quantity surveyors, the RICS still adopts this title, and the majority of university courses continue to use this description, are just some of our responses.

Changes in quantity surveying practice that are to be welcomed include the suite of New Rules of Measurement, the RICS Black Book and Building Information Modelling (BIM). These are truly exciting days for the quantity surveyor. This edi-tion of Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor has taken into account the developing trends and changes occurring in the profession. The role of the quantity surveyor will continue to evolve by building on the sound foundations laid down by the profession and by exploiting to the full the new technologies available to us.

The future for quantity surveying remains excellent. The skills are highly valued amongst a diverse range of clients and cover an extensive range of activities that our forefathers could never have imagined.

Allan Ashworth, Keith Hogg and Cathy Higgs

August 2012

Preface

Williss Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor, Thirteenth Edition. Allan Ashworth, Keith Hogg and Catherine Higgs. 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

1

Introduction

In 1971, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) published a report titled The Future Role of the Quantity Surveyor, which defined the work of the quantity surveyor as:

ensuring that the resources of the construction industry are utilised to the best advantage of society by providing, inter alia, the financial management for pro-jects and a cost consultancy service to the client and designer during the whole construction process.

The report sought to identify the distinctive competencies or skills of the quantity surveyor associated with measurement and valuation in the wider aspects of the construction industry. This provides the basis for the proper cost management of the construction project in the context of forecasting, analysing, planning, controlling and accounting. Many reading this will reflect that this is no longer an adequate description of the work of the quantity surveyor.

From the 1970s onwards, the profession began to evolve rapidly, and in 1983 the RICS prepared another report that would explore further the work of the quantity surveyor and at the same time attempt to assess its future potential and directions. This report, The Future Role of the Chartered Quantity Surveyor, identified a range of skills, knowledge and expertise provided by the quantity surveyor and indicated a greater expansion of possible services that could be provided both inside and outside of the construction industry. This report began to examine the changing and shifting scene, the requirements of clients, their dissatisfaction with the services provided by construction professionals generally, and their frequent disappointment with the products that they received.

Almost ten years later, in 1991, the Davis, Langdon and Everest consultancy group produced QS2000 on behalf of the RICS. This report began to describe the threats and opportunities that were facing the profession at the end of the twentieth century. Again,

The Work of the Quantity Surveyor

Williss Practice and Procedure for the Quantity SurveyorCopyrightContentsPreface1 The Work of the Quantity SurveyorIntroductionA changing industryCharacteristics of the construction industry

Construction sectorsBuilding workBuilding engineering servicesCivil engineeringHeavy and industrial engineering

The role of the quantity surveyorTraditional roleEvolved roleDeveloping roleSustainability agenda

Skills, knowledge and understandingWhats in a name?Discussion topicReferencesBibliography

2 Education, Training and EmploymentIntroductionChronology of quantity surveying education 19602012Quantity surveyors in educationPartnership and accreditationNon-cognate disciplinesVocational experience and qualificationsAssessment of professional competence (APC)Continuing professional development (CPD)Construction Industry Council (CIC)Changing work patternsPrivate and public practicePrivate practicePublic service practiceComparison of public and private practiceContracting surveyingRelationships and the clients quantity surveyors

The professionsThe built environment professionsThe quantity surveying professionQuantity Surveying Institute (QSi)Pacific Association of Quantity Surveyors (PAQS)The future of the built environment professions

Role of the RICSDiscussion topicReferencesBibliography

3 Organisation and ManagementIntroductionStaffingPrivate practiceSupport services

Office organisationGeneral organisationSpecialist stationeryReference books and informationBuilding costs records

Employers responsibilitiesHealth and safetyFire insuranceEmployers liability insurancePublic liability insuranceProfessional indemnity insuranceMarketingCorporate image

Public relations and marketingInternetPractice brochuresPresentations

Quality managementQuality and sustainabilityQuality management systemsQuality of documentationE-mailBenchmarking and the QS

Time and cost managementResource allocationIndividual time managementStaff time recordsProgress charts

Developing staff and skillsFinance and accountsThe accountsProfit and loss accountBalance sheetAssetsLiabilitiesCapitalFinanceCash forecasting and budgetingBooks of accountUse of IT in accountingAnnual accounts/auditingIntroductionThe need for benchmarkingWhat can benchmarking bring to the construction industry?

Discussion topicReferencesBibliographyWebsites

4 The Quantity Surveyor and the LawIntroductionThe quantity surveyor and the clientAgreement for appointmentResponsibility for appointmentResponsibility for payment of feesAmount and method of paymentNegligenceDeath of the quantity surveyorDeath of the client

Collateral warrantiesRelationship to terms of appointmentMaterialsAssignmentProfessional indemnityExecution

Performance bondsProfessional indemnity insuranceContracts of employmentEquality Act 2010Disciplinary proceduresDisciplinary panelPeer review and decision makingIndemnities and immunities

Discussion topicReferencesBibliography

5 Research and InnovationIntroductionRICSClassification of research and developmentResearch and development in the construction and property industriesRethinking construction innovation and researchChanging role of the quantity surveyorResearch and development in quantity surveying practiceData collection and analysisMarket trendsPractice expertiseObjective and speculative research and developmentFee earning capability

Academic researchResearch disseminationThe importance of changeThe challenge of change

InnovationConclusionsDiscussion topicReferencesBibliography

6 Cost ControlIntroductionProject cost controlCost adviceNew rules of measurement (NRM)Precontract estimating methodsFunctional unit methodFloor area (superficial) methodApproximate quantities to support the Elemental MethodCost planningCost limitsCost models

General considerationsMarket conditionsDesign economicsQuality factorsEngineering servicesExternal worksExclusionsPrice and design risk

Accuracy of approximate estimatesBIM and cost estimating

Preparing the approximate estimateWhole life costingValue managementRisk analysisBest valueTaxationValue added tax (VAT)Corporation tax

Financial assistance for developmentRegional initiatives

Post-contract methodsBudgetary controlClients financial reportsClients cash flowContractors cost controlContractors cash flow

Discussion topicReferencesBibliographyWebsite

7 Whole Life CostingIntroductionBrief historyGovernment policyWhole life valueWhole life costing applicationsWhole life costs

Main factors to considerBuilding lifeComponent lifeDiscount rateTaxation

Targeting the major elements of costs-in-useDepreciation and obsolescence in buildingsLong life, loose fit and low energyCalculationsWhole-life-appraisal models

Forecasting the futureLife expectancyData difficultiesImprovement in source dataTechnological changeFashion changesCost and value changesPolicy and decision-making changesAccuracy

Whole life cost forum (WLCF)ConclusionsSensitivity analysisProbability techniquesFuzzy set theoryIntegrated approachConclusions

Discussion topicReferencesBibliography

8 Value ManagementIntroductionBackgroundTerminologyWhen should surveyors use value management?To obtain a reduction in costsThe improvement of concept briefing

The application of value managementPre-workshop stageWorkshop stagePost-workshop stage

Function analysisFunction analysis diagramming techniques

Supporting the case for value managementProfessional development and accreditation(a) Key features and benefits of value management(b) How would you provide a VM service?

Discussion topicReferencesBibliography

9 Risk ManagementIntroductionWhen should surveyors use risk management?To assist in the cost management processTo assist in the decision-making processTo assist in the choice of procurementTo assist in bidding for construction work

The application of risk managementRisk identification

Risk analysisThe risk management workshopProbability/impact tables (a semi-quantitative approach)

Risk registersExpected monetary value (EMV)Simulation (quantitative risk analysis)Risk managementFocus upon the most significant risksRisk management options

Appraisal of risk management optionsConsiderations in risk allocationWillingness of a party to accept riskResponse when a risk eventuates

Merging risk management and value management opportunity?(a) Identifying risks(b) Analysing riskRationaleRanking the risks

Discussion topicReferencesBibliography

10 ProcurementIntroductionGeneral mattersConsultants or contractorsCompetition or negotiationMeasurement or reimbursementTraditional or alternative methods

Standard forms of contractPractice notes

Methods of price determinationMeasurement contractsCost-reimbursement contracts

Contractor selection and appointmentSustainable procurement and tenderingRestricted or selective competitionOpen competitionNegotiated competitive dialogueTwo-stage tenderingSerial tendering

Procurement optionsTraditionalDesign and buildManagement-based contractsManagement contractingConstruction managementDesign and manage

Contract strategyProject sizeClient type

Client procurement needsTimeCostQualityAccountabilityCertainty of project objectivesMarket conditions

PartneringProject partnering (short term)Strategic partnering (long term)The partnering processAdvantages and disadvantages of partnering

The Private Finance Initiative (PFI)The role of the quantity surveyorScenario (a): Fire damaged airportScenario (b): 8 million refurbishment of a cotton mill in the midst of a property boomScenario (c): Midshire local authority community projectSummary

Discussion topicReferencesBibliographyWebsite

11 Contract Documentation Contract documentsCoordinated project informationCommon Arrangement of Work Sections (CAWS)

Form of contractArticles of AgreementContract ParticularsConditions of Contract

Contract drawingsSchedulesContract billsPurpose of contract billsPreparation of contract billsForm of tender

Methods of measurementContract specificationNational Building Specification

Schedules of ratesMaster programmeInformation release scheduleDiscrepancies in documentsDiscussion topicReferencesBibliography

12 Preparation of Contract BillsAppointment of the quantity surveyorReceipt of drawingsStudy of documentsSchedules

Taking-offQuery sheetsDivision of taking-offComputerised systemsBuildings erected in stagesElemental billsNumbering dimension sheetsAlterations in taking-off

Contract billsStandard descriptionsPreliminaries and preamble clausesNumbering itemsSchedule of basic rates (Fluctuation Option B)Schedule of allocationCompleting the contract billsProof readingCopyright in the bills of quantities

Invitation to tenderPreliminary enquiryForm of tender and envelopesIssue of drawingsDispatch of finished billsCorrection of errors

Receipt of tendersDelivery and openingReporting of tendersExamination of priced billCorrection of errorsExamination of schedule of basic ratesAddendum billsPreparation of contract bill of quantitiesPreparing the contract

E-tenderingOnline auctions

Discussion topicReferencesBibliographyWebsites

13 Cost ManagementIntroductionValuationsCertificates and paymentsAccuracyTimingExtent of measurementPreliminaries itemsNominated subcontractors and suppliersSubcontractorsNamed subcontractorsUnfixed materialsAdvance payment (JCT 2011, clause 4.8)Variations and claimsPrice adjustmentRetentionLiquidated damagesPredetermined stage paymentsPrevious certificatesSpecimen formsCertificate/valuation papers

Valuation on insolvencyCost control and reportingCash flowIntroductionThe demise of the nominated subcontractorNamed subcontractorsSimplification of payment process

Discussion topicReferencesBibliography

14 Final AccountsIntroductionVariationsGeneral proceduresDrawing revisions

Procedure for measurement and evaluationOral instructionsMeasurement

Pricing variationsPre-costed variationsThe pricing of measured workDayworksOvertime workingProvisional measurements

Provisional sumsDefined workUndefined work

FluctuationsOption A firm price contractsOption B the traditional method

MaterialsOption C formula adjustment

Completing the accountAuditThe tenderInterim paymentsVariationsThe final accountLiquidated damagesFees

Timing and resourcesChallenges facing the quantity surveyor in the cost management of variationsContract provision

Discussion topicCase studyReferencesBibliography

15 InsolvencyIntroductionThe role of the quantity surveyorScenarioThe role of the liquidatorThe lawCreditors

Determination of contract (contractor insolvency)Provision in the forms of contractFactors to consider at insolvencySecure the siteMaterialsPlantRetentionOther matters

Completion of the contractThe employers lossExpenditure involvedTermination of contract (employer insolvency)Insolvency of the quantity surveyor or architectPerformance bondsDiscussion topicReferencesBibliographyWebsite

16 Contractual DisputesIntroductionWhy disputes ariseLitigationArbitrationAdjudicationStatutory adjudication

Alternative dispute resolutionConciliationMediationProject mediationMini-trialDispute boards

ConclusionExpert witnessLay advocacyClaimsContractual claims loss and expenseContractual claims extensions of timeEx-gratia paymentsThe quantity surveyorForms of contractContractorsExampleThe clients quantity surveyorThe changing face of disputes(a) Causes of dispute and their avoidance(b) Which dispute resolution technique to use

Discussion topicReferencesBibliography

17 Project ManagementIntroductionJustifying project management by adding valueTerminologyAttributes of the project managerPersonal traitsAppropriate knowledge and skillsTechnical knowledgeManagement skillsLeadership qualitiesClarity of thoughtEffective delegationDecision making

Duties and responsibilities of the project managerClients objectivesClients briefContractor involvementDesign team selectionFeasibility and viability reportsPlanning and programmingDesign process managementSupervision and control during constructionEvaluation and feedback

Quantity surveying skills and expertiseFeesEducation and training for the project managerDiscussion topicReferencesBibliographyWebsite

18 Facilities ManagementIntroductionThe work of the facilities managerSpace planningMaintenance managementBudget and cost controlBenchmarking to improve valueHealth and safety

SustainabilityOutsourcing

Facilities management opportunities for the quantity surveyorEducation and training for the facilities managerDiscussion topicReferencesBibliographyWebsite

19 Emergent Themes: Sustainability and BIMIntroductionBackgroundLegislationMeasuresCode for Sustainable HomesCosts

Quantity surveying and sustainabilityZero carbonMeasuring embodied carbon emissions

Building Information Modeling (BIM) BIM use within the industryIntegration of cost managementIM quantities take offBenefits of using BIMQuantity surveyors and the current use of BIM

Discussion topicReferencesBibliographyWebsites

Index