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ALL YOU EVER WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT….
Personal, Subject, Object, Possessive,
Reflexive, and Indefinite
What is a Pronoun?
A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun or another pronoun.
Like a noun, a pronoun can refer to a person, place, thing, or idea.
The word that a pronoun refers to is called its antecedent. For Example:
Maria was lost. She didn’t panic.
She checked the flashlight. It still worked.
Subject and Object Pronouns L6.1a
Watch the video clip:https://edpuzzle.com/media/54f602d3cb7a02305a1f731b
With your partner, label the subject and object pronouns in the following sentences below. S= Subject O= ObjectSally is more silly than I.They are in our way.John will invite you to the birthday party tomorrow.
What is a Possessive Pronoun? L6.1a
A possessive pronoun is a personal pronoun used to show ownership or relationship.
Singular Pluralmy, mineyour, yoursher, hers, his, its
our, oursyour, yourstheir, theirs
To be continued…
The possessive pronouns my, your, her, his, its, our, and their come before nouns.
For Example:
The dog pricked up its little ears. (ownership)
It saw the boy and heard his loud cry for help. (relationship)
The owner and his best friend came to the rescue. (relationship)
Pronouns can be tricky!!!
Some possessive pronouns sound like contractions (its/it’s, your/you’re, their/they’re).
Remember, a possessive pronoun never has an apostrophe.
A contraction, however, always has an apostrophe.
List of Personal Pronouns…
Type of Pronoun
Subject Object Possessive
SingularFirst PersonSecond PersonThird Person
Iyouhe, she, it
meyouhim, her, it
my, mineyour, yourshis, her, hers, its
PluralFirst PersonSecond PersonThird Person
weyouthey
usyouthem
our, oursyour, yourstheir, theirs
How about a Quick Review?
Directions: With your partner, complete the following review of pronouns and discuss why you chose the word to complete each sentence.
Pronouns are used to replace a __________. Sometimes the pronoun is the _________ of the sentence. Other times, the pronoun receiving the action is called the _________ of the sentence. _____________ pronouns show ownership and some examples are its, hers, and theirs.
Treasure Hunt…
Use the text to find examples of subject pronouns, object pronouns, and possessive pronouns.
Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns Possessive Pronouns
What are Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns? L6.1b
A pronoun that ends in self or selves are reflexive and intensive pronouns myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, herself, himself, itself, and themselves.
Reflexive Pronouns: a reflexive pronoun refers to the subject and directs the action of the verb back to the subject.Reflexive pronouns are necessary to the meaning of a sentence.
For Example:
The Carson family tried to lift themselves out of poverty.
Intensive Pronouns: an intensive pronoun enhances the subject, but it is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence.
For Example:
Ben Carson wondered, as he had before, if he himself was smart.
Please watch the following interactive video. https://edpuzzle.com/media/54f4d8723d
d85d382a9ba902
Check for understanding…
Directions:
Identify the reflexive pronoun in each sentence. A chameleon can give itself tasty meals of unsuspecting insects.I wish I could claim some of its amazing powers for myself.
Identify the intensive pronoun in each sentence.Ed Sheeran became an overnight sensation and he himself is the reason for his success.The project was accomplished by we ourselves with no help from our parents.
Turn and talk: Look at the examples above and tell your elbow partner the difference between intensive and reflexive pronouns, and make up your own example sentence using an intensive pronoun.
Recognize Inappropriate Shifts in Pronoun Number or Person L6.1c
Part 1: Shifts in Person First person, 2nd person, 3rd person
Part 2: Shifts in Number Singular or plural
Recognizing 1st
PersonRecognizing 1st
Person
Writers or speakers who use first person speak directly about themselves by using the words I, me, my, mine.
II think think I I will will start a newstart a newcompany. company. I I want some-want some-thing that is thing that is all all minemine!!
Recognizing 1st
PersonRecognizing 1st
Person Writers or speakers who
use first person speak directly about them-selves by using the words I, me, my, mine or the plural pronouns we, us, our, ours.
Notice that the speaker is still talking about himself even though he is now including someone else.
We could start our own company. Then we could have something that is truly ours.
Recognizing 2nd PersonRecognizing 2nd Person
Writers or speakers who use second person are not speaking about them- selves.
They are writing or speaking directly to someone else.
You could start your own company. Then you could have something that is truly yours.
Recognizing 3rd PersonRecognizing 3rd Person
Writers or speakers who use third person are neither speaking about themselves nor directly to someone else.
They are writing or speaking about someone or something else by using words such as he, him, she, her, it, its.
Sandra should start her own
business.
What is a shift in person?What is a shift in person?
A shift in person refers to a mistaken change in person within a sentence or group of
related sentences.
Example of a Shift in PersonExample of a Shift in Person
When people get angry, we sometimes say things you would not say when calm.
Do you recognize the problems?
Example of a Shift in PersonExample of a Shift in Person
When people get angry, we sometimes say things you would not say when calm.
people = 3rd person we = 1st person you = 2nd person
Revised SentenceRevised Sentence When people get
angry, they sometimes say things they would not say when calm.
people = 3rd person
they = 3rd person
Another Shift in PersonAnother Shift in Person
On reaching the campsite, one must be upset to discover you must walk another mile for fresh drinking water.
Can you spot the problem?
Another Shift in PersonAnother Shift in Person
On reaching the campsite, one must be upset to discover you must walk another mile for fresh drinking water.
one = 3rd person; you = 2nd person How can you revise it?
Revised SentenceRevised Sentence On reaching the campsite, one must be upset to discover
one must walk another mile for fresh drinking water. On reaching the campsite, one must be upset to discover
he or she must walk another mile for fresh drinking water. On reaching the campsite, you must be upset to discover
you must walk another mile for fresh drinking water.
Another Shift in PersonAnother Shift in Person
Nick, Lisa, and I took a close look at the money, and you could see that it was fake.
How would you correct this sentence?
Revised SentenceRevised Sentence Nick, Lisa, and I took
a close look at the money, and we could see that it was fake.
What did we do? We changed the 2nd person you to first person plural we. Notice that the subject (Nick, Lisa, and I) is first person plural.
Right now the sentence is 3rd person AND 1st person. Confusing!!!Rewrite the sentence so there is no awkward shift in pronoun placement. The girls were waiting all day for their ride to
the mall, so we finally asked a neighbor to drive us.
Next slide…check your work
Revised Sentence The girls were waiting all day for their ride
to the mall, so they finally asked a neighbor to drive them.
3rd person plural
Or… Sally, Jane, and I were waiting all day for
our ride to the mall, so we finally asked a neighbor to drive us.
1st person plural
Part 2:Shifts in Pronoun NumberPart 2:Shifts in Pronoun Number You may remember from the pronoun
chart that some pronouns are singular and others plural.
One
More than one
Singular and Plural PronounsSingular and Plural Pronouns
Plural: we, us, our, ours, they, them, their, theirs
Singular: I, me, my, mine, she, her, hers(or he, him, his when referring to a manor a boy )
Singular:it, its
Special NoteSpecial Note Depending on whether one is writing or
speaking to an individual or a group, second person pronouns (including you, your, yours) can be either singular or plural.
Would youyoulike to use my phone?
Choosing the Right PronounChoosing the Right Pronoun
Just as you select pronouns based on the correct “person,” you must also select them based on “number.”
Only two types of number exist: singular plural
What is a shift in number?What is a shift in number?
Changing from singular to plural or from plural to singular when referring to the same person or thing creates a shift in number.
How do I know if I am shifting number?How do I know if I am shifting number?
First, you must recognize the word serving as the “antecedent” for the pronoun.
Then you must match the “number” of the pronoun to the “number” of the antecedent.
Singular orplural?
What is an antecedent?What is an antecedent?
Although this rule may sound difficult, it is actually quite simple.
The antecedent is the word that the pronoun refers to--in other words, the word the pronoun is renaming.
ExampleExample The car looked brand new although it
was actually sixty years old. Pronoun: it (singular) Antecedent: car (singular)
Another ExampleAnother Example
These students attend college during the day, and they work in a restaurant at night.
Pronoun? Antecedent?
Another ExampleAnother Example
These students attend college during the day, and they work in a restaurant at night.
Pronoun? they (plural)
Antecedent? students (plural)
A Final ExampleA Final Example The manager was
almost run down as shoppers hurried past him toward the meat department.
Pronoun? Antecedent?
A Final ExampleA Final Example The manager was
almost run down as shoppers hurried past him toward the meat department.
Pronoun? him (singular)
Antecedent? manager (singular)
Example of a Shift in NumberExample of a Shift in Number
Classes have been cancelled for today, but it will resume tomorrow.
Pronoun? Antecedent?
Example of a Shift in NumberExample of a Shift in Number Classes have been
cancelled for today, but it will resume tomorrow.
Pronoun? it (singular) Antecedent? Classes
(plural) When pronoun and
antecedent don’t match in number, you have a “shift in number.”
Revising the ShiftRevising the Shift
Classes have been cancelled for today, but they will resume tomorrow.
Pronoun? they (plural)
Antecedent? Classes (plural)
A Common Cause of Shifts in NumberA Common Cause of Shifts in Number
Shifts in number often result when a writer tries to avoid “gender bias.”
“Gender bias” refers to discrimination against either gender--male or female.
Example of Number Shift to Avoid Gender BiasExample of Number Shift to Avoid Gender Bias
An employee who wishes to take time off during the holidays should submit their request by Friday.
their (plural) employee (singular)
The ResultThe Result
Although the writer correctly included both genders, the result was a pronoun error.
The writer could have avoided the error in either of two ways:
Revision # 1Revision # 1
An employee who wishes to take time off during the holidays should submit his or her request by Friday.
Both pronoun and antecedent are now singular.
Caution Caution
This solution works well as long as the writer does not need to use “his or her” repeatedly.
Such repetition would result in awkward sentences.
his or herhis or her
his or her his or her his or her
his or her
Revision # 2Revision # 2
Employees who wish to take time off during the holidays should submit their requests by Friday.
By using a plural pronoun and plural antecedent, writers can avoid both the pronoun error and the potentially awkward sentences using “his or her.”
Can you spot the shift in number?Can you spot the shift in number?
Both snakes hissed, and one flicked their tongue.
The Shift in Number RevisedThe Shift in Number Revised
Both snakes hissed, and one flicked its tongue.
Collective NounsCollective Nouns
Collective nouns Collective nouns represent a group and are usually considered singular.
faculty
government
class
committee
jury
team
tribe
society
companyflock
school
ExampleExample Incorrect: The jury
deliberated two weeks before giving their verdict to the judge.
Correct: The jury deliberated two weeks before giving its verdict to the judge.
The jury acts as a single unit.
Another ExampleAnother Example
Incorrect: A family offers their members both physical and emotional support.
Correct: A family offers its members both physical and emotional support.
A Third ExampleA Third Example
Incorrect: The orchestra gave their summer concert on the Fourth of July.
Correct: The orchestra gave its summer concert on the Fourth of July.
Think of an appropriate pronoun.Think of an appropriate pronoun.
The committee will soon make _____ recommendations.
The team will play for the championship if ____ can win one more game.
After touring Gilcrease Museum, the class loaded into _____ school bus.
The AnswersThe Answers
The committee will soon make its recommendations.
The team will play for the championship if it can win one more game.
After touring Gilcrease Museum, the class loaded into its school bus.
Ready for a challenge?Indefinite PronounsReady for a challenge?Indefinite Pronouns
When writing, you must also pay particular attention to indefinite pronouns, such as the following, when they serve as antecedents: anyone, everyone, someone, no one anybody, everybody, somebody, nobody either, neither each of, either of, neither of, one of, every one of,
Singular or Plural?Singular or Plural?
Indefinite pronouns are normally considered singular.
Therefore, when they serve as antecedents, the pronouns that follow them should be singular.
ExampleExample Incorrect: Neither of the boys
has opened their gift yet. Correct: Neither of the boys
has opened his gift yet. In this sentence, we are looking
at the boys as individuals. Each boy has received his own
gift and will open it himself.
Another ExampleAnother Example
Incorrect: Everyone has their own opinion.
Correct: Everyone has his or her own opinion.
Again, each person is looked at as an individual.
Think of an appropriate pronoun.Think of an appropriate pronoun. Someone left _____ purse in the shopping
cart. Each of the houses has a hot tub in
_________ master bathroom. Everyone is entitled to ______ own
opinion. Neither of the actors had memorized
____ lines yet.
The AnswersThe Answers
Someone left her purse in the shopping cart.
Each of the houses has a hot tub in its master bathroom.
Everyone is entitled to his or her own opinion.
Neither of the actors had memorized his lines yet.
Some of the Rules Some of the Rules
Use 1st person pronouns when writing or speaking about yourself.
Use 2nd person pronouns when talking or speaking directly to another person or group.
Use 3rd person when talking or speaking about another person, object, or group.
The Remaining RulesThe Remaining Rules
Use singular pronouns when the antecedent is singular. (Remember that indefinite pronouns and collective nouns are nearly always singular.)
Use plural pronouns when the antecedent is plural.
Recognize and Correct Vague Pronouns with Unclear Antecedents L6.1d
Rule: It must be clear to the reader what noun (antecedent) the pronoun is referring to in a sentence.
Background Information
Ambiguous referenceAvoid ambiguous reference. A pronoun
refers to the nearest noun, even though the nearest noun may not be the real antecedent.
Examples
Oscar told Arnold that he’d bought the wrong book. (Which guy purchased the wrong book?)
Cindy was going to pick up the baby, but then she fell asleep. (Who fell asleep?)
I was very busy last week; it is better this week. (What is it?)
Vague = Unclear…up in the air…
Vague : Remove the wrappers from the boxes and then discard them.
(Discard the boxes of the wrappers?)
Clear : Discard the wrappers after you remove them from the boxes
Avoid vague reference. This occurs when a pronoun refers to a general idea or thing instead of a specific noun.
Vague: They say more rain is on the way. (Who is/are they?)
Clear: The weather bureau says more rain is on the way
Vague vs. Clear
Vague vs. Clear
Vague: Last week I had three tests and a book report due. It was much better this week.
(what is it?)
Clear: Last week I had three tests and a book report due. My schedule was much better this week.
Now you try. With a partner, restate this sentence with the vague pronoun, so the reader is clear who “it” is.
PracticeRewrite each sentence correcting the ambiguous or vague pronoun reference.
1. When Eric spoke to his girlfriend’s father, he was very polite.
2. Remove the door from the frame and paint it.
3. Take the socks off your feet and wash them.
4. Albert told Oscar he’d bought the wrong book.
5. Cindy was going to pick up the baby, but then she fell asleep.
Almost Done Performance Tasks…
Select one of the following performance tasks to complete. The performance task must highlight subject pronoun, object pronoun, possessive, reflexive, and indefinite pronouns. If you have your own idea, present it to your teacher for approval. Creativity is unlimited!!!Create a picture storybook on the types of pronouns.Create an assessment on pronouns. Your assessment must have various types of questions (multiple choice, essay, fill in the blank, etc.)Create a cartoon, monologue, play, poem, or rap about the types of pronouns. Create a study guide about the types of pronouns.