SECTION A – Multiple-Choice questionsAnswer all questions in pencil on the answer sheet.Choose the response that is correct or that best answers the question.A correct answer scores 1, an incorrect answer scores 0.Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers.No marks will be given if more than one answer is completed for any question.Question 1Which statement about accelerometers as a tool for measuring physical activity is true?A. Accelerometers are a subjective measure of physical activity.B. There is no reactivity associated with the use of accelerometers.C. The accelerometer measurement data is provided in beats per minute (bpm).D. Accelerometers are an appropriate choice to measure physical activity levels in children.

Question 2Which of the following would you expect to observe immediately after the conclusion of a 1500-metre running race?A. decrease in both body temperature and hydrogen ion concentrationB. decrease in blood lactate concentration and increase in oxygen levelsC. decrease in muscle glycogen and increase in blood lactate concentrationD. increase in muscle glycogen and decrease in respiratory carbon dioxide levels

Question 3An increase in an athlete’s Lactate Inflection Point (LIP) is thought to be due to anA. increased production of lactate.B. increased ability to clear lactate.C. increased accumulation of lactate.D. increased ability to tolerate lactate.

Question 4Strategies used to promote physical activity in schools can be based in school policy, the physical environment and the social environment.Which of the following is an example of a policy-based strategy?A. mowing the oval regularlyB. asking house captains to take walking groups at lunchtimeC. school leadership allocating designated play areas for different year levelsD. providing opportunities for all years 7 and 8 students to play lunchtime sport

Question 5Which of the following would be most likely to cause fatigue in an 800-metre running race?A. depletion of liver glycogen storesB. depletion of intramuscular fat storesC. accumulation of lactate ions in the bloodD. accumulation of hydrogen ions in the blood

Question 6The most important electrolyte in a post-exercise rehydration drink used to restore fluid lost in sweat isA. sodium ion (Na+).B. chloride ion (Cl–).C. potassium ion (K+).D. magnesium ion (Mg2+).

Question 7The economy of an athlete was measured on a treadmill at 14 km/h before and after engaging in several months of endurance training.An improvement in economy would be revealed byA. an increase in VO2 max of the athlete.B. an increase in VO2 recorded at 14 km/h.C. a decrease in energy expenditure at 14 km/h.D. an increase in energy expenditure at 14 km/h.

Question 8The multiple levels of influence in the Social Ecological Model of Physical Activity are:A. Individual, intrapersonal, physical environment, policy. B. Individual, interpersonal, physical environment, policy. C. Individual, intrapersonal, physical environment, process. D. Individual, interpersonal, physical environment, process.

Question 9The National Physical Activity Guidelines (NPAG) for children state thatA. children should do at least 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity on most

(preferably all) days and should not use electronic media for entertainment for more than two hours per day.

B. children should participate in 100 minutes of sport and physical activity each week and should not use electronic media for entertainment for more than two hours per day.C. children should do at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity every day and should not use electronic media for entertainment for more than two hours per day.D. children should do at least 60 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity five days a week and should not use electronic media for entertainment for more than two hours per day.

Question 10The Australian Department of Health and Ageing has produced a set of NPAG about the minimum amount of physical activity required to maintain good health. There are four guidelines for better health for Australian adults. A clear example of the second guideline – ‘Be active every day in as many ways as you can’ would beA. enjoying some regular, vigorous activity.B. using active transport and doing things yourself instead of using labour-saving machines.C. seeing movement of the body as an opportunity for improving health, not as a time-wasting inconvenience.D. accumulating 30 minutes (or more) of physical activity throughout the day by combining a few shorter sessions of activity.

Question 11When completing the phosphate recovery test, the aerobic system is important because itA. allows greater replenishment of your ATP-CP stores between sprints.B. decreases the dependence on your lactic acid energy system when sprinting.C. allows you to work at a higher intensity without accumulating fatiguing by-products.D. allows you to use your aerobic energy system all the time without having to work above your LIP.

Question 12During which macro cycle of a training year would an athlete aim to develop the main physiological requirementsof their sport?A. preparation phaseB. competition phaseC. regeneration phaseD. overcompensation phase

Question 13sets repsloadrest speed

3–6 5–6 35% of max 3–4 min (between sets)quick

The resistance training program above is designed to improve which fitness component?A. muscular powerB. muscular strengthC. anaerobic capacityD. muscular endurance

Question 14Which one of the following statements is false?A. At the end of a 200-metre race, lactate levels are maximal.B. At rest there is approximately 1 ml/mol of lactate in the blood.C. Lactate removal after exercise occurs more quickly with an active recovery.D. Trained 400-m specialists have more blood lactate accumulation at the end of a race than a non-trained 400-m runner.

Question 15This graph represents energy systems interplay. Which of the follow statements best represents this graph.

A. ATP-CP system supplies all ATP at the beginning of exercise.B. All energy systems are activated at the beginning of exercise equally.C. All energy systems are activated but contribute varying amounts of ATPD. Once one energy system is depleted, the next one begins to produce ATP

END OF SECTION A

SECTION B – Short answer questionsInstructions for Section B

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Question 1The graph below depicts the percentages of food fuel used to energise muscle contraction after 1 hour and 4 hours of continuous cycling.

% Food Fuel use

1009080706050403020100

1 Hour 4 Hoursa.

i. Identify the type of food fuel that is represented by the grey component of the graph.____________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Identify the type of food fuel that is represented by the black component of the graph.____________________________________________________________________________________________

1 + 1 = 2 marks

b. Explain why it is important to maintain sufficient levels of the food fuel represented by the grey componentof the graph.____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

2 marksTotal 4 marks

Question 2There are a number of methods which can be used to measure physical activity. Compare and contrast the use of questionnaires (recall), which are a subjective method, with pedometers, which are an objective method.

Comparison Contrast

4 Marks

Question 3An activity analysis can be useful in helping trainers, coaches or fitness advisors determine the physiologicalrequirements of a sport.a. i. Using volleyball as an example, list two types of data that could be collected as part of an activity analysis.1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Explain how each type of data can then be used to determine the physiological requirements of volleyball.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

2 + 4 = 6 marks

After determining the physiological requirements for the sport, players and athletes often undergo fitness testingto determine their strengths and weaknesses and to establish a baseline from which to monitor training.An activity analysis of volleyball identified power as an important fitness component in the game; specifically,upper body and leg power.

b. Identify a recognised test of power for each of the muscle groups listed in the activity analysis and describeor draw a specific exercise that could be used in circuit training to improve the power of each musclegroup.

Muscle Group Recognised test of power ExercisePectoralis major

(upper body)

Quadriceps(leg)

4 Marks

c. Other than circuit training, state another training method that can be used to increase power.______________________________________________________________________________________________

1 mark

d. Justify the inclusion of a continuous training program in the preseason of a team sport such as volleyball.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________4 Marks

Total 15 Marks

Question 4Joshua Ross and Collis Birmingham are among Australia’s best 100-metre sprinters and 10-kilometre runners.a. Other than the availability of oxygen, how do the chemical pathways leading to ATP production in the

predominant energy system differ for the 100-metre sprint and the 10-kilometre run?______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________4 marks

One of the exercises a 100-metre sprint athlete may include in their training sessions could be the leg pressexercise (see below).

b. How would a 100-metre athlete apply the training principle of frequency to this specific exercise or type of training?

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

For a given cardiac output, an elite 10-kilometre runner will generally have a lower resting heart rate than anuntrained person of the same age, weight and sex.c. Explain why this is the case by discussing the relationship between the cardiac parameters associated with this adaptation.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________3 marks

Total 9 marks

Question 5A workplace decided to implement a lunchtime walking group to increase the physical activity levels of its employees. Staff who chose to join the group would meet at a designated spot each day and walk for 30 minutes.a. Outline one expected outcome of a workplace intervention such as this.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________1 Mark

The Australian Government has published The National Physical Activity Guidelines for adults.b. i. List the four guidelines.1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Select one of the guidelines and outline a practical way that it could be implemented.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

4+ 1 = 5 Marks

c. Describe two changes that an employer could make to the physical environment or to workplace policy to support employees who take part in the walking group. Specify how this change would encourage employees to take part in the program.

1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

4 MarksRecommend a suitable strategy that could be used after six months to determine the impact of the interventionon the staff in this workplace. Outline how it could be used to critique this intervention.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________3 marks

Total 13 marks

Question 6Jeremy is 40 years of age and has an ongoing achilles tendon injury. However, he wants to continue playingveterans hockey. A physiotherapist has recommended some strategies for Jeremy to maintain fitness, limit stresson the injured area and strengthen the injured area.The recommendations are:• low impact activity training (swimming)• one leg calf lift using only the eccentric phase (3–4 times/week). Use two legs for the concentric phase – reducing the stress• ongoing physiotherapy to the injured area• no running training for 4 months.

Jeremy’s swimming training programA: 2 × 200 metres freestyle, 50 metres 85% HR max./50 metres submaximalB: 4 × 100 metres freestyle at 85% plus HR max., 40 seconds rest between each rep.C: 800 metres alternating between 100 metres of backstroke/100 metres of freestyle at 70% HR max.D: 400 metres; 50 metres kick/50 metres pull at 65% heart rate max.

The following graph shows the heart rate response to the training program above.a. Using the corresponding letter (A, B or C) identify where each training method can be found on the heartrate graph. The cool down (D) has been done for you as an example.

Heart Rate (Beats/minute)

180D160

140120100806040200

50m

150m

250m

350m

450m

550m

650m

750m

850m

950m

1050m

1150m

1250m

1350m

1450m

1550m

1650m

1750m

1850m

1950m

2050m

Distance (metres

3 marksAt the end of the swimming workout an active cool down was used.b. Explain how physiologically an active cool down facilitates a faster recovery compared to a passive cooldown.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________3 marks

The aerobic system is used right throughout this training program.c. Describe the fuels used by the aerobic energy system and determine why fuel usage by this energy systemchanges throughout the workout.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

3 marksTotal 9 marks

Question 7The Pelican Waters Primary School ‘Walking School Bus’ program, like similar programs, allows children to actively commute to school under the supervision of drivers (adults at the front) and conductors (adults at the rear of the students). The ‘bus’ travels along a set route to and from school everyday, rain, hail or shine, picking up or dropping off children along the way at designated bus stops. Within the ‘Walking School Bus’ program several strategies have been implemented across multiple levels including: individual, social environment, physical environment and policy/organisational factors.

Table 1 outlines some of the strategies implemented to get the ‘Walking School Bus’ program going at Pelican Waters Primary School.

Table 1: ‘Walking School Bus’ strategies used based on the social-ecological modelChildren have to recruit parents as drivers and conductors or parent volunteers for these rolesDesignated route had a series of traffic calming inclusions, such as speed humps, roundabouts, 40km speed zonesAll children and adult passengers on the bus wear brightly coloured fluorescent yellow vestsChildren are expected to bring along water bottles, especially during the warmer months, as the temperature after school during the 30min journey in the area can get into the mid 30’s.If one child is absent and without a partner, the nearest pair are encouraged to include them in their conversationDuring extreme weather, such as temperatures over 40 degrees, the bus is cancelled and all parents are contacted.Adult volunteers acting as drivers and conductors of the bus agree to a roster. There are 37 volunteers on the roster including some of the school’s staff. Some volunteers are on the bus weekly, while others are on occasion or for emergencies when the volunteers cannot make it.Children walk and talk in pairs along the wayChildren have to meet at designated stopsPelican Waters Primary School placed a sign at each meeting place / drop off zone along the designated 2km routeChildren are expected to be polite and a ‘no put down zone’ is enforced by adultsVolunteers all attend a briefing session twice a year to discuss how they develop students’ traffic safety knowledge and road sense.Volunteers all attend a briefing session twice a year to discuss how they develop students’ traffic safety knowledge and road sense.All volunteers are registered and provided with personal accident and public liability insurance by the councils and school. They also all require a Working with Children check.

Table 2 outlines the physical activity and sedentary behavior (SB) for all students at Pelican Waters Primary School. Table 2. Physical activity and sedentary behavior of Pelican Waters Primary School

Whole school % meeting NPAGs*

% meeting SB guidelines

% commuting to & from schoolat least 3 days per week

Males 98 22 15Females 96 27 13Total 97 24 14

*NPAGs = National Physical Activity Guidelines for 5-12 year olds

Table 3 outlines the data relating to the 12 children before and after the introduction of the ‘Walking School Bus’ intervention.Table 3. Data for students participating within the ‘Walking School Bus’ program (all 12 students combined)

Measure Outcome Pre PostSelf-report & proxy-report data

% meeting physical activity 96 100% SB guidelines 25 35MVPA mean minutes/day 82 124SB mean minutes/day 187 126

Pedometer data Mean steps/day (between leaving & returning to school)

10,629 13,652

a. Describe whether a subjective or objective measure was used to determine the proportion of children meeting the national physical activity guidelines.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

2 marksb. Explain why two different methods were utilized within this sample of children to determine whether students in prep to grade 6 were meeting the national physical activity guidelines.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

c . Draw a diagram that represents the different levels of influence of the social-ecological model. Label the diagram to provide 2 examples of strategies outlined in Table 1 within the following levels: social, physical and policy.

4 Marks

d. Explain whether the use of the social-ecological model in the context of the ‘Walking School Bus was effective to promote adherence to the NPAGs. Use data in your response.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________4 Marks

Total 12 Marks

Question 8

a. From the photograph above, identify two fitness components required to perform this action. Explain whythey are important in this manoeuvre.Fitness component 1 ____________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Fitness component 2 ____________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________2 + 2 = 4 marks

b. For each of the fitness components identified, list one recognised fitness test that could be conducted to assess an athlete’s performance.

Fitness component 1 ____________________________________________________________________________

Fitness component 2 ____________________________________________________________________________2 Marks

Total 6 Marks

Question 9Your 16-year-old friend wants to compete in a 10-km run in six months time. He has no previous running training but is fit and healthy and plays numerous sports such as hockey, basketball and tennis. As you are aVCE Physical Education student, he asks you for some training advice.a. State the energy system that you would aim to improve.

______________________________________________________________________________________________1 mark

b. State two physiological variables measured in a laboratory that distinguish the ability to sustain highrunning speeds over 10 km.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

c. Identify the recommended running intensity, frequency and duration you believe would improve yourfriend’s cardio respiratory fitness.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________3 marks

Total 6 marksQuestion 10

The athlete whose results are shown in the above graph reaches their Lactate Inflection Point (LIP) at 16 km/h.a. Predict the shape of the graph after this point by drawing it on the graph and provide an explanation to support your answer.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

1 + 2 = 3 Marks

b. Discuss the relationship between oxygen uptake and exercise intensity, making specific references to thegraph provided.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________3 Marks

c. Explain why training at speeds beyond an athlete’s VO2 max. would be detrimental to improving the athlete’s VO2 max.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________3 marks

Total 9 marksQuestion 11The following table lists a fitness test battery that was developed for the US Women’s National soccer team. This battery of tests was used by the local U/18 soccer club at the start of their pre-season training and was completed over two days. The test results and the corresponding norms are given for five of the team players. Use this information to answer the following questions.

a. Other than determining a player’s strengths and weaknesses, identify three reasons for testing the fitnessof athletes.1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________________________________3 marks

Based on the data provided, which player is most likely to be the goalie for the team? Suggest two reasonsfor your choice.Player: ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________3 marks

Total 6 marks

Question 12Drug good as gold

Injections of human growth hormone (HGH) can transform an Olympic also-ran into a gold medallist, an Australian study has confirmed.

Research financed by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has determined the time advantage that unscrupulous athletes can reap from the ‘extensively abused’ natural substance.

The study revealed a 4 per cent improvement in sprint capacity. So, in a 10-second sprint (about 100 m), thedrug would equate to a 0.4 sec advantage, according to Prof Ken Ho, of Sydney’s Garvan Institute of MedicalResearch.

Herald Sun, Wednesday 5 May 2010

a. Explain how the use of HGH may lead to an increase in a sprinter’s performance.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________3 Marks

b.Outline two physiological reasons why WADA has banned the use of HGH by athletes.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

c. Outline two reasons for the development and implementation of the WADA Code.______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________2 marks

Total 7 Marks

END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK