All the questions in the quiz along with their answers are shown below. Your answers are bolded. The correct answers have a green

background while the incorrect ones have a red background.

1.    Research designed to generate knowledge to guide nursing practice and to improve the health and quality of life of nurses’ clients is

termed as: a. Nursing Research

b. Clinical Nursing Research

c. Research

d. Ethics

Keyword: GUIDE NURSING PRACTICE Rationale: Clinical Nursing Research is a research designed to generate knowledge to

guide nursing practice and to improve the health and quality of life of nurses’ clients. A) Nursing research is a systematic inquiry designed to

develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession, including nursing practice, education, administration and

informatics. B) Correct answer C) Research is a systematic inquirythat uses disciplined methods to answer questions or solve problems.

(Source: Nursing Research: Principles and Methods by Denise Polit and Cheryl Beck)

2.    A variable that comes between dependent and independent variable is called: a. Extraneous variable

b. Polychomotous variable

c. Dichomotous variable

d. Intervening variable

Keyword: COMES BETWEEN Rationale: Kinds of variable • Independent variable - use this to stimulate a target population • Dependent

variable/Effectual variable - results of the effects of the study • Intervening Variable - Comes between dependent and independent o

Example: orghanism variable, internal factor, sex, gender, color • Extraneous Variable - External infuences that can be changed o Example:

citizenship, educational status • Dichotomous Variable - 2 choices/ 2 results o Example: Male/ Female • Polychotomous Variable - Multiple

choices o Example: Preferred foods – Chinese, Japanese, American. . . . .

3.    Which of the following characteristics do not describe a research problem? a. Used unauthorized from another’s literary work

b. The topic itself is researchable

c. Generally applicable for use in practice

d. None of these

Keyword: DO NOT Rationale: Characteristics of a research problem general applicability and use Researchable Feasible and

measurable Factors of a feasible research : time, money, experience of the researcher, instruments, population importance to nursing 

novelty/originality (Plagiarism/illegal replication – unauthorized use of another’s literary work without any consent or permission) profession

significance to nursing

4.    Sources of a research problem could either be the following except: a. Concepts

b. Issues

c. Theories

d. Research

Keyword: EXCEPT Rationale: Sources of a research problem are the following: (C-L-I-E-N-T) C – Concepts L – Literature, essays, books,

journals I – Issues E – Experiences N – Nursingproblems T – Theories

5.    Which paradigm of nursing research responds to the human inquiry “What is the relationship between the inquirer and that being

studied?” a. Ontologic

b. Epistemologic

c. Axiologic

d. Methodologic

Keyword: RELATIONSHIP Rationale: Paradigm is a general perspective on the complexities of the real world. Paradigms for

human inquiry are often characterized in terms of the ways in which they respond to basic philosophical questions: Ontologic: “What is the

nature of reality?” Epistemologic: “What is the relationship between the inquirer and that being studied?” Axiologic: “What is the role of values

in the inquiry?” Methodologic: “How should the inquirer obtain knowledge?” (Source: Nursing Research: Principles and Methods by Polit and

Beck)

6.    Which of the following characteristics do not describe a scientific investigation? a. They are conducted to test or develop theories and study advance knowledge

b. Empirical data are not necessarily gathered through human sense but must be based on theories

c. It is planned and conducted in a systematic and orderly manner

d. External factors which may influence the relationship among phenomena is controlled

Keyword: DO NOT Rationale: Characteristics of a Good Research Systematic - conduct research in a step by step process or procedure

Empirical - objective data should be observable/measurable or readily collected using your senses Controlled/ manipulated -

Methods/tool of controlling is research design Critical investigation/fact finding investigation - In order to answer the data is by using facts.

Looking for human beings who can give us facts

7.    The following are characteristics of a clinical nursing problem apart from: a. It reflects something that could be improved in clinical practice

b. It has a potential to change how nursing care is delivered in the unit

c. It is value-laden and involves feelings and perceptions

d. It is a problem that occurs frequently in a particular group.

Keyword: EXCEPT Rationale: Characteristics of a research problem general applicability and use Researchable Feasible and

measurable Factors of a feasible research : time, money, experience of the researcher, instruments, population importance to nursing 

novelty/originality (Plagiarism/illegal replication – unauthorized use of another’s literary work without any consent or permission) profession

significance to nursing

8.    Which of the following describes an inductive form of reasoning? a. Separation anxiety is common in children. Children whose parents are not in the hospital room will manifest anxious behavior.

b. Most patients are irritable. Unpredictable moods and irritability behaviors of patients are caused by their underlying illnesses that alter

their activities of daily living. c. Mild anxiety sharpens one’s perception and cognitive function. Most students who takeexamination with mild anxiety have high scores.

d. All of the above

Keyword: INDUCTIVE FORM Rationale: inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories. A)

Separation anxiety is common in children (generalization/theory). Children whose parents are not in the hospital room manifest anxious

behavior (specific observation). = deductive reasoning B) Most patients are irritable (specific observation). Unpredictable moods and

irritability behaviors of patients are caused by their underlying illnesses that alter their activities of daily living (generalization/theory). =

inductive reasoning C) Mild anxiety sharpens one’s perception and cognitive function (generalization/theory). Most students who

take examination with mild anxiety have high scores (specific observation). = deductive reasoning

9.    Quantitative research uses which type of reasoning to generate hunches that are tested in the real world? a. Deductive reasoning

b. Inductive reasoning

c. Informal logic

d. All of the above

Keyword: GENERATE HUNCHES; TESTED IN THE REAL WORLD Rationale: Deductive reasoning works from a generalization or theory to

a specific observation (tested in the real world). Quantitative research uses deductive reasoning to generate hunches that are tested in the

real world.

10.    Which paradigm of nursing research responds to the human inquiry “How should the inquirer obtain knowledge?” a. Ontologic

b. Epistemologic

c. Axiologic

d. Methodologic

Keyword: OBTAIN KNOWLEDGE Rationale: Paradigm is a general perspective on the complexities of the real world. Paradigms for

human inquiry are often characterized in terms of the ways in which they respond to basic philosophical questions: Ontologic: “What is the

nature of reality?” Epistemologic: “What is the relationship between the inquirer and that being studied?” Axiologic: “What is the role of values

in the inquiry?” Methodologic: “How should the inquirer obtain knowledge?” (Source: Nursing Research: Principles and Methods by Polit and

Beck)

11.    Which theory of nursing leadership states that a leader becomes the head because of his charm? a. Great-Man theory

b. Situational theory

c. Charismatic theory

d. Trait theory

Keyword: CHARM Rationale: Theories of Nursing Leadership • Great-Man theory – born as a leader • Trait theory – develop characteristics

or born with the characteristics o 3 traits of a leader • P – personality (adaptability, independence, creative/assertive, advocate) ability to

adjust to the need of the pt • I – intelligence (proper judgment, proper decision making, proper communication) • A – ability – (influence

others, respect others, participate and cooperate) Proper way to influence is thru health teaching • Charismatic theory – becomes a leader

because of the charm • Situational theory/case to case basis o a person can be a leader in one situation but only a follower in another

situation. (eg. becomes a leader in where he specializes)

12.    Attributes of a good leader involves which of the following? a. Holds his member accountable for their wrongdoing and negligence

b. Aware of the members strengths and weaknesses

c. Confident in his leadership skills

d. All of these

Keyword: INVOLVES Rationale: attributes of a good leader 1. Self awareness 2. Self confidence 3. Advocacy 4. Accountability

13.    Principles of effective leadership least likely involves: a. One group commanded by one leader

b. One group should always have an objective

c. Patient first policy is applied

d. Accountability is delegated to the members of the team

Keyword: LEAST LIKELY Rationale: Responsibility can be delegated by a team leader but not the accountability. Command responsibility or

Respondent Superior states the master or the superior answers for the negligence of his subordinates in half of his patient who suffer from

injury or death.

14.    This theory states that a person becomes a leader because he is born to be one: a. Great-Man theory

b. Situational theory

c. Charismatic theory

d. Trait theory

Keyword: BORN TO BE A LEADER Rationale: Theories of Nursing Leadership • Great-Man theory – born as a leader • Trait theory –

develop characteristics or born with the characteristics o 3 traits of a leader • P – personality (adaptability, independence, creative/assertive,

advocate) ability to adjust to the need of the pt • I – intelligence (proper judgment, proper decision making, proper communication) • A –

ability – (influence others, respect others, participate and cooperate) Proper way to influence is thru health teaching • Charismatic theory –

becomes a leader because of the charm • Situational theory/case to case basis o a person can be a leader in one situation but only a

follower in another situation. (eg. becomes a leader in where he specializes)

15.    The head nurse in the unit is consistent in her decisions and compels the group to follow her. She performs decision making without

asking or getting any inputs from her members. Which type of leadership is the head nurse following? a. Laissez-faire

b. Democratic

c. Autocratic

d. Ultra-liberal

Keyword: CONSISTENT, COMPELS, PERFORMS DECISION MAKING WITHOUT ASKING Rationale:

Autocratic/Authoritarian/dictatorial/”hard” leader - unilateral style of leadership. Only the leader here performs the decision making without

getting the inputs from his members. One sided style of leadership Behavior : A – apathy – insensitive to others B – Boisterous speech C –

consistency D – Dominating E – Exploitative behavior F – ferocious behavior, to coerce or compel the group to follow him

16.    Which of the following leadership is best used during an emergency or intensive crisis? a. Laissez-faire

b. Democratic

c. Autocratic

d. Ultra-liberal

Keyword: BEST DURING EMERGENCY OR INTESIVE CRISIS Rationale: Autocratic style is leadership is best style during emergency or

intensive crisis.

17.    The loose style of nursing leadership is: a. Laissez-faire

b. Democratic

c. Autocratic

d. None of these

Keyword: LOOSE Rationale: Permissive, ultra-liberal, laissez faire, free-rein o Loose style of nursing leadership. o Giving excess freedom or

liberality towards your subordinates if to lenient in your subordinates, there will be ↓ control and power = ↑ negligence

18.    Which of the following leadership styles will be having more risk of negligence of the members? a. Laissez-faire

b. Democratic

c. Autocratic

d. None of these

Keyword: MORE RISK OF NEGLIGENCE Rationale: Giving excess freedom or liberality towards your subordinates if to lenient in your

subordinates, there will be ↓ control and power = ↑ negligence

19.    The charisma and charm of a leader is referred to as which power of a leader? a. Expert power

b. Referent power

c. Exclusive power

d. Reward power

Keyword: CHARISMA AND CHARM Rationale: 5 Powers of a Good Leader • Legitimate/ Formal/ exclusive Power o Exercise because you

are appointed to a higher position • Expert Power o You acquire extra – ordinary skills, talent or ability • Referent Power o Charisma and

charm • Reward Power o + power for the part of the leader o gives rewards, bonus, promotion, compensation • Coercive Power o – power on

the part of the leader o reprimand, suspend, terminate

20.    The leadership is exercised because of the appointment to a higher position is referred to as: a. Expert power

b. Referent power

c. Exclusive power

d. Reward power

Keyword: APPOINTMENT Rationale: Legitimate/ Formal/ exclusive Power o Exercise because you are appointed to a higher position

21.    Telling the truth is the practice of which ethical principle? a. Non-maleficence

b. Veracity

c. Beneficence

d. Justice

Keyword: TELLING THE TRUTH Rationale: Ethical Principles o independent judgment or decision making Principle of Autonomy in all

situation the pt himself is the one who should decide for his own care Consent • respect the decision of the pt • explain the risk to the

patient/SO • waiver - a legal doc when the pt refuse for treatment. o Principle of Veracity telling the truth to the patient #1 the patient

has the right to know from the PHYSICIAN (not the nurse) o Principle of Double Effects if the pt is made to choose between 2 equal

danger and he only needs to choose one, choose the one that will produce one good effect and less evil effect. o Principle of Beneficence

doing good to the patient (eg. providing therapeutic communication, providing privacy) o Principle of Non-Maleficence do no harm 3

types of Harm • Physical – negligence by commission • Mental – assault and battery • Moral – slander and libel o Principle of Justice

Prioritize the needs of the patient. To be able to provide nursing care to the patient, provide the nursing process. Nursing Process

characteristics : • A – acceptable universally • B - based patients assessment needs • C – client focused • D – dynamics – base on the ever

changing needs of the pt • E – equitable care • F – familiarity/rapport to the patient • G – goal directed towards solving the assess needs of

the patient (SMART) o Principle of Respect/Inviolability of life Suicide and abortion is violation of this principle

22.    The statement of the future purpose of the future organization that is involved in the planning stage of the management process is

called: a. Mission

b. Vision

c. Goal

d. Philosophy

Question was not answered

Keyword: STATEMENT OF THE FUTURE PURPOSE Rationale: Mission – present reason when established your organization Vision

- statement of your future purpose of your future organization Philosophy – set of values and beliefs of your organization Goal – general

statement of your purpose Objectives – more specific statement of your purpose

23.    To be a good manager, there should be a good interpersonal relationship between the leader and follower. This leadership theory is

called: a. Scientific Management theory

b. Motivational Theory

c. Human Relations Theory

d. Bureaucratic Theory

Question was not answered

Keyword: GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP Rationale: Human Relations theory – to be a good manager, there should be a good

interpersonal relationship between the leader and follower Douglas Mc Gregor’s Motivational theory Theory X o Negative workers o

negligence, inefficient, ineffective workers Theory Y o Positive workers o theory X should be given focus because they are prone to

negligence and malpractice. Max Weber’s Bureaucratic/ authoritarian Theory diligent, effective, efficient worker whoever is on the top

would perform the management function centralized Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory Elements o choosing the

appropriate person (TAO) o choosing the appropriate team o choosing the appropriate training o choosing the appropriate tools

24.    Which of the following elements is not included in Frederick Taylor’s scientific management theory? a. Appropriate person

b. Appropriate team

c. Appropriate goals

d. Appropriate tools

Question was not answered

Elements oKeyword: NOT INCLUDED Rationale: Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory choosing the appropriate person

(TAO) o choosing the appropriate team o choosing the appropriate training o choosing the appropriate tools

25.    “No deposit policy during emergency cases only” is stated in which law? a. RA 7305

b. RA 7160

c. PD 825

d. RA 8344

Question was not answered

Keyword: NO DEPOSIT POLICY Rationale: a. RA 7305 – magna carta law b. RA 7160 – local government code c. PD 825 – environmental

sanitation law of the Phils d. RA 8344 - No deposit policy during emergency cases only