All information important for your note taking will be

highlighted in RED!!

Your Goal:

I can explain how the various groups that have

ruled the middle east have changed.

1. Geographic Importancea. Center of trade routes between Europe, Africa and Asiab. Great wealth

2. Unique CharacterThe movement of conquering people through the regionMany groups have ruled the middle east throughout history.

Assyrians

Babylonians

Hitittes

Greeks Romans

3. Mid 600’sa. The spread of Islam by Mohammed and his followers

b. Islam spread the Arabic language c. Allowed conquered people to practice their own religion

4. The Ottoman Turks Rule 1293–1922 a. The Ottoman Turks Rule for 400 years

c. Allow Christians and Jews to practice their religions

Sultan Suleyman

b. Controlled trade

Discontent and Rivalry 1700’sa. Different ethnic groups and religious groups want independence from Ottoman Turks

Bosnia Herzegovina

Bulgaria Armenia

Egypt

The Sick Man of Europe 1800’s – 1900’s a. Europe tries to influence political change in Turkey

British French

Russians

All want Turkey

The Ottomans choose Poorly… a. Turkey sides with the Central Powers

b. Germany Austria- Hungary Italy

And they lose!

Secretsa. The Allies (Great Britain, France, and Russia)

make a secret deal to divide the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Turkey is Divided…a. The Arabs are given “most” of the Arabian peninsula and that’s it… b. Mandate – Land to be governed on behalf of the League of Nations until it was ready for independence.c. The boundaries we have today were drawnBritain – Israel, southern Iraq, KuwaitFrance – Syria, Lebanon, southern Turkey Russia – zippo…

5. Mid 1940’s

IraqSyria

Jordan

Lebanon

independence was granted to…

6. The dilemma…a. Two groups claim the land we call Israel

Arabs

Jews

7. The Claims…

JewsArabs- Ancestors were the early settlers- Lived there for centuries

- Ancestors lived there 1900BC to 1700BC Hebrews

-Conquered by Babylonians 586BCSome remained, many moved out- 70AD Romans force Jews to leave

8. ZionismIn late 1800’s and early 1900’s Jews from around the world began to return to Palestine. “Zion” is a hill in Jerusalem.The goal – create their own Jewish country

Balfour DeclarationThe British divide Palestine into Jewish and Arab sections.

Purpose – To give the Jews a national home to enjoy rights and freedoms.

Arabs

Jews

Lord Balfour

Angry

Happy

Self DeterminationThe right to decide your own political future. The Arabs believed Palestine would become part of a larger Arab country.

The Rise of the Nazi’sThe Nazi’s with Hitler persecuted Jews Many Jews flee to Palestine The Holocaust occurs killing 6 million Jews

The world is outraged and support a homeland for Jews

9. The United Nations ActsThe nation

Israel is created out of

Palestine in 1947.

70% of the population is Arab

More than half of the land…

10. The Arabs ReactSurrounding Arab countries attack Israel

Israel defeats the Arab armies

and take more land

The Results…Defeated Palestinian Arabs flee to neighboring countries.

Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, and Egypt

Several more wars are fought but the Israelis won them all.

The P.L.O. formed to gain independence for Palestinians.

11. The Palestinian Liberation Organization

The P.L.O. fights for their own country .

Today

Palestine is a recognized country in the area called Gaza

and parts of the West Bank.

Israel is a recognized country that

continues to fight for its freedom.

12. Underlying IssuesControl of the Holy city Jerusalem

Instability remains and violence continues.

Your Goal:

I can explain how the various

groups that have ruled the middle east have changed.