ALL IN ONE HENLE LATIN NOTEBOOK CHALLENGE B SEMESTER … · glōria, glōriae – fame, glory Related English words: The following phrases contain English words related to some of

ALL IN ONE HENLE LATIN

NOTEBOOK

CHALLENGE B

SEMESTER 1

2020-2021

Latin Assignments Semester 1

W Reading Grammar Exercises Vocab

1 Lesson 1 1, 6-36 #1-9 7, 11, 14

2 Lesson 2

34, 35, 37-39

#11-17, 19-25, 27.

17, 21, 23, 25, 31

3 Lesson 3 (pg

35-44)

45-64

#30-38, 40-42

36, 39, 42

4 Lesson 3 (pg

44- 55)

45-64

#44-47, 51-56, 59- 60. 44, 47, 51, 53

5 Lesson 4

65-66

#63-69

56, 58

6 Lesson 5-6

69 #71-73, 75-78, 83.

62, 64

7 Lesson 7

72-76

#84-94

73, 76, 78

8 Lesson 8 77-78 #96-103.

82, 85, 87

9 Lesson 9 (pg 99-108)

142-162 #104-105, 107-116 103

10 Lesson 9 (pg 108-119)

142-164 #118-122, 125-127, 129-133 109, 112, 114, 117

11 Lesson 10-11

(pg 120-127)

165, 168, 171, 123,

346 #135-140, 142, 144-145 120, 125

12 Lesson 11 (pg

127-139)

124, 128-129, 479,

127 #146-147, 150-155 128, 133, 137

13 Lesson 12 166, 169, 172 #158-160, 162-165, 167-168 140, 141, 143, 145

14 Lesson 13-14 167, 170, 173, 346-

348, 474, 477 #169-178

147, 151, 153

15 Lesson 15 174-176, 177-179,

180-185, 349

#179-180, 182-185. All or part of #181

might be used as an at home assessment 156, 160

Challenge B SEMESTER 1 WEEK 1


1 Lesson 1 1, 6-36 #1-9 7, 11, 14

UNIT 1

Lesson 1: The First Declension (pg 6 - 16)

1. The Declension of TERRA (pg 6 - 9)

Open your Grammar to No. 31 Here you see the declension of TERRA. Terra is a model for

all Latin nouns that belong to the first declension. Look at the GENITIVE SINGULAR. It ends

in -ae.

Grammar No. 31 The First Declension

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative terr-a Land, the (a) land Subject

Singular Genitive terr-ae Of the (a) land Possessive

Singular Dative terr-ae To or for the (a) land Indirect object

Singular Accusative terr-am The (a) land Direct object

Singular Ablative terr-ā By, with, from the (a)

land

Plural Nominative terr-ae Lands, the lands Subject

Plural Genitive terr-ārum Of the lands Possessive

Plural Dative terr-īs To or for the lands Indirect object

Plural Accusative terr-ās Lands, the lands Direct object

Plural Ablative terr- īs By, with, from the lands

ALL NOUNS WHOSE GENITIVE ENDS IN -AE ARE IN THE FIRST DECLENSION.

The STEM of any noun is found in dropping the ending of the Genitive Singular. Thus, genitive:

TERR-AE; STEM: TERR-

A noun of the first declension is then declined by adding to the STEM the ENDINGS

shown for TERRA. You notice that the first five forms are all singular; the rest are plural-look at

the MEANINGS.

There are five cases in each number. Study the MEANINGS given for the cases; the

USES we shall study very gradually so they will not be too hard for you.

S1W1

Assignment: Memorize the declension of terra (Grammar, no. 31)

Before you begin to study the vocabulary on page 7 your teacher will explain the rules for

quantity and accent given in the GRAMMAR, Nos, 9-13. Learn these rules and see whether you

can tell where the accent belongs in each of the words in the vocabulary.

Whenever nouns are given in vocabularies, both the nominative and genitive are printed. Be sure

to learn the GENITIVE, because it tells you to what declension the noun belongs. Can you tell

why all the words in the list are like terra?

Grammar

No. 1. The Alphabet - The Latin alphabet has no w or y; otherwise it is the same as English

Division into Syllables.

No. 6 a. A single consonant goes with the following vowel. mā /ter; nau/ta; nō/men

No. 7 b. Two or more consonants are divided after the first. Por/ta; exer/citus; pul/chra.

No. 8 Note: But when a mute (c, g, p, b, t, d) or f is followed by r or l, both consonants

go with the following vowel. La/crima; a/grum; pa/trem; va/fra; locu/plēs

Accent:

Grammar No. 9 A) In words of two syllables, the accent is on the first.

vía; béllum

No. 10 B) In words of more than two syllables, if the second last syllable is long, it is accented;

otherwise the accent is on the third last syllable.

vid ē runt (accent on long e); ágmĭne

Quantity of Syllables:

No. 11 A) A syllable is short if it contains a vowel that is short by nature or that is followed by

another vowel or diphthong.

reg ĕ re; glor ĭ a

No. 12 B) A syllable is long if it contains a vowel that is long by nature or a vowel that is

followed by two consonants other than a mute (c, g, p, b, t, d) or f followed by a liquid (r, l).

studēre; regēndus

No. 13 Note: x and z each count as two consonants (cs and ds); h and the u in qu do not count

as consonants.

S1W1

Nouns (Also assigned in Challenge B Week 1 #14 - 30)

No. 14 – Nouns have gender, number, case, and declension No. 15 – Gender – There are three genders in Latin: masculine, feminine, neuter No. 16 – All nouns meaning individual male persons are masculine No. 17 – All nouns meaning individual female persons are feminine. No. 18 – The gender of other nouns must be learned from their declension or from other

vocabularies. No. 19 – Number. There are two numbers in Latin: singular and plural

No. 20. The singular speaks of one: via, a road. No. 21 – The plural speaks of more than one: viae, roads.

No. 22 – Case. There are six cases in Latin: Nominative: The case of the Subject

Genitive – The case of the Possessor

Dative – the case of the indirect object; the 'to' or 'for' case

Accusative – the case of the Direct Object

Ablative – the 'by-with-from' case (used frequently with prepositions)

Vocative – the case of the Person Addressed. No. 23 – Declension. Declension consists in adding the proper ENDINGS to the STEM to show

the different genders, numbers, and cases. No. 24. - Stem. The stem is found by dropping the ENDING of the GENITIVE SINGULAR.

Vi-ae, stem: vi-

No. 25. The Five Declensions . There are five declensions in Latin. They can be distinguished

by the endings of the genitive singular.

1 2 3 4 5

-ae ī -is -ūs -eī

vi-ae serv-ī lēg-is port-ūs r-eī

S1W1

No. 26 How to decline a Noun. The nominative, genitive, and gender of a noun determine

which model it follows. Add the endings of that model to the stem. No. 27:

Note: A) The stem is that part of the word which remains the same in spelling

throughout the declension. It gives the meaning of the word. The endings show what the word

does in the sentence, whether it is the subject, direct object, indirect object, etc.

No. 28 B) The vocative of all nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative except in

singular nouns in -us of the second declension: these have -e. Serv-e! Slave! Exceptions: Proper

nouns in -ius and fiīius, son, have only -ī in the vocative singular. Vergilius, voc. Vergilī; fīlius,

voc. Fīlī. The vocative singular of Deus, God, is Deus; the vocative masculine singular of meus

is mī; fīlī mī! My son! No. 29: C) The accusative of neuter nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative. No 30. D) Names of towns, and domus, home, and rūs, country, have another case – the

locative – expressing place where. In singulars of the first and second declensions the locative is

like the gentitive: Rōmae, at Rome. In all others it is like the ablative: Cathāgine (Carthāgō ,

Carthāginis), at Carthage. But rūs, country, has rūrī or rūre, in the country. See No. 915.

Vocabulary (pg 7)

terra, terrae - earth, land

porta, portae – gate

Marīa, Marīae – Mary

nauta, nautae – sailor

victōria, victōriae – victory

glōria, glōriae – fame, glory

Related English words: The following phrases contain English words related to some of the

Latin words in the vocabulary: a nautical dictionary; a sylvan scene; the portals of the palace;

rough terrain. Can you tell which words are related?

How to make Vocabulary Study Easy

1. Read the words after your teacher, being very careful to pronounce them just as

your teacher does.

2. Look carefully for the genitive and the meanings; study the for a few minutes

3. Place a piece of paper over the English and try to recite the English meanings.

Don't look until you have really tried to remember them! Then do the same for

the Latin. BE SURE TO LEARN EVERYTHING THAT IS GIVEN IN THE

VOCABULARY.

4. Repeat this several times before class.

5. Every day review some vocabulary before starting on your new lesson. If you

learn each vocabulary very carefully and keep reviewing it, Latin will be easy.

You will have VICTŌRIA over Latin and will gain the GLŌRIA which belongs

to a good student.

S1W1

Exercises 1 – 3 (pg 8-9)

Exercise 1 (pg 8) Decline the words in the vocabulary on page 7. Remember they are all like TERRA. Therefore: 1. Find the STEM by dropping the -ae of the genitive singular, thus glōri-ae; stem: glōri-

2. Add the ENDINGS of terra, thus glōri-a, glōri-ae, glōri-ae, etc.

terra, terrae - earth, land

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

porta, portae – gate

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

S1W1 – exerc 1 continued

Marīa, Marīae – Mary

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

nauta, nautae – sailor

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

S1W1 – exerc 1 continued

victōria, victōriae – victory

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

glōria, glōriae – fame, glory

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

S1W1

Exercise 2 (pg 8) [Essential]

Tell what cases these forms are and give the meanings.

1. terram

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

2. silvās

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

3. portārum

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

4. glōriam

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

5. portās

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

6. silvam

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

7. victōriae

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

8. nautārum

____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W1

Exercise 2 cont.

15. porta

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

16. silvīs

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

17. victōriā

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

18. terra

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

19. portīs

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

20. nautīs

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

S1W1

Exercise 2 cont.

21. portā

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

22. Marīa_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

23. terrārum

_______________________________________________________________________________________

24. terrā

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

25. silva

_______________________________________________________________________________________

26. Marīam_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

27. silvae __________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

28. terrīs ___________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

29. glōria __________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

30. silvā ____________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

S1W1

Exercise 2 cont.

31. silvārum ________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

32. nauta ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

33. portae __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

4

S1W1

Exercise 3 (pg 9)

1. How can you tell the difference between the Nominative and Ablative singular of the first declension noun?

2. How can you find the stem of a Latin noun?

3. How can you tell to what declension a noun belongs?

S1W1

2. Rules for Gender (pg 9)

In English gender is very simple. Nouns naming men or male animals or MASCULINE,

as John, man, sailor (sailors are usually men), bull, lion. Nouns naming women and female

animals are FEMININE, as Mary, woman, waitress, cow, lioness. Nouns naming things are

NEUTER, as book, lake, beauty, soul.

BUT IN LATIN, nouns naming things are sometimes masculine, sometimes feminine,

sometimes neuter. Thus, terra, ae, is FEMININE althrugh land is a THING and is NEUTER in

English

Assignment: Learn the rules for the gender of nouns in the first declension, GRAMMAR, Nos.

32 and 33

32: A) All nouns naming individual male person are masculine. Nauta, ae, a sailor, masculine.

(Sailors are usually men.)

33: B) All others are feminine. Terra, ae, land, feminine.

Also Assigned in Challenge B – Week 1 (2nd Declension covered in text in Week 2)

No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative serv-us The slave Subject

Singular Genitive serv-ī Of the slave, the slave's Possessive

Singular Dative serv-ō To or for the slave Indirect object

Singular Accusative serv-um The slave Direct object

Singular Ablative serv-ō By, with, from the slave

Plural Nominative serv-ī The slaves Subject

Plural Genitive serv-ōrum Of the slaves, the slaves' Possessive

Plural Dative serv-īs To or for the slaves Indirect object

Plural Accusative serv-ōs the slaves Direct object

Plural Ablative serv-īs By, with, from the slaves

No. 35 Gender – Masucline nouns of 2nd Declension: Generally masculine

No. 36: Note: Proper names in -ius and fīlius, son, form their vocative singular in -ī. Vergilius, Vergilī; fīlius, fīlī .

S1W1

Exercise 4 (pg 9)

Explain the Gender of these vocabulary words from page 7.

terra, terrae _____________________________________________________________________________

porta, portae _____________________________________________________________________________

Marīa, Marīae _____________________________________________________________________________

nauta, nautae _____________________________________________________________________________

victōria, victōriae _____________________________________________________________________________

silva, silvae ______________________________________________________________________________

glōria, glōriae _____________________________________________________________________________

S1W1

3. USE OF VERBS (pg 9 - 13)

In Latin the pronouns (I, we, you, he, she it, they), when used as subjects of a verb, are

not ordinarily expressed separately. THEY ARE CONTAINED IN THE ENDING OF THE

VERB. Thus: ōrat means he, she or it prays. He, she, or it is contained in the ending -at.

Ōrant means they pray. They is contained in the ending – ant. The ending -at contains THREE

English pronouns. How can you tell which one to use? When we have been talking about a

woman, then we say ōrat., translate she prays. If we have been talking about a man, then ōrat

means he prays.

Use he, she or it according to the person or thing of which the sentence speaks. (When

you can't tell to whom the sentence refers, use he.)

Ōrat. He prays.

Ōrant. They pray.

Marīam vident. Ōrat. They see Mary. She is praying.

When a NOUN is used as the subject, the pronoun is NOT translated in English.

Nautae ōrant. The sailors pray.

Marīa ōrat. Mary prays.

Notice that in these sentences the subjects, nautae and Marīa, are in the NOMINATIVE case.

RULE: THE SUBJECT OF A FINITE VERB IS IN THE NOMINATIVE CASE.

Notice that when the subject is singular – Marīa - the singular (he, she, it) form of the

verb – ōrat – is used; when the subject is plural – nautae – the plural (they) form of the verb –

ōrant, is used.

RULE: A FINITE VERB AGREES WITH ITS SUBJECT IN NUMBER (AND PERSON).

How to diagram a Latin sentence is not printed in this workbook (see pg 11 in your purple

Henle Latin book)

Vocabulary, (pg 11)

ōrat - he, she, it prays

ōrant – they pray

videt – he, she, it sees

vident – they see

nōn, adverb – not

Related English Words

A nonstop flight. The priest then read the orations.

S1W1

Exercise 5 (assigned), Reading No. 1 (not assigned)


1. Say in English. 2. Diagram Sentences 1, 4, and 10

1. Marīa ōrat.

2. Nautae ōrant.

3. Nauta ōrat. 4. Nautae nōn ōrant. 5. Vident. 6. Nauta videt. 7. Marīa videt. 8. Videt. 9. Nautae nōn vident.

10. Nōn ōrat.

Note #4: When the sentence contains not, we use the helping verb do in English. Thus: The

sailors do not pray.

S1W1 Exercise 5 cont.

Note #4: When the sentence contains not, we use the helping verb do in English.

Diagram:

1.

#4

S1W1

4. THE ACCUSATIVE CASE (pg 13 – 16)

The sailors praise Mary.

Nautae Marīam laudant.

In this sentence Mary is the DIRECT OBJECT of the verb praise. In English Mary is in

the OBJECTIVE CASE. In Latin the objective case is called the ACCUSATIVE CASE.

RULE: THE DIRECT OBJECT OF A TRANSITIVE VERB IS IN THE ACCUSATIVE CASE.

How to diagram a sentence containing a direct object is not printed in this workbook (see

pg 14 in your purple Henle Latin book)

Note that the verb and the direct object are separated by a straight line that is not carried below

the horizontal line.

We can tell the direct object in the model sentence by the ACCUSATIVE ENDING, -

AM. The verb usually, as in the model on page 13 (see above) is put LAST in the sentence.

RULE: THE VERB USUALLY STANDS LAST IN THE SENTENCE.

Vocabulary (pg 14)

laudat – he, she, it praises

laudant - they praise

prōvincia, ae - province


A laudatory speech; a provincial dialect

RULE: ADVERBS USUALLY STAND IMMEDIATELY BEFORE THE WORD THEY MODIFY.

S1W1

Exercises 6 – 7 – ALL assigned in Challenge B

Talking Latin No. 1 (pg 14 – 15)- Not Assigned

Exercise 6 (pg 14)

1. Say in English; 2. Diagram # 1, 3. 6., 9

1. Nautae terram laudant. 2. Nautae prōvinciam vident. 3. Marīa silvās laudat. 4. Nauta silvās videt. 5. Nauta portam videt. 6. Prōvinciam nōn laudant.

7. Nautae Marīam laudant. 8. Victōriam laudant. 9. Nautae glōriam laudant. 10. Marīam laudat. 11. Prōvinciam videt.

7


Diagram # 1, 3, 6, 9 1. Nautae terram laudant. 3. Marīa silvās laudat. 6. Prōvinciam nōn laudant. 9. Nautae glōriam laudant.

8

S1W1


Say in Latin.

1. They praise Mary. 2. The sailors see the province. 3. The sailors praise glory. 4. He sees the gate. 5. The sailor does not praise the province. 6. They praise the forest. 7. He sees the sailors. 8. She praises the victory. 9. They see the gate. 10. Mary does not praise the sailors. 11. The sailors see land.

Talking Latin No. 1 is not printed in the workbook. See pg 15 in purple Henle Latin Book.

S1W1

5. THE GENITIVE CASE

Mary's glory, glōria Marīae

The glory of the province, glōria prōvinciae

The sailors' victory, victōria nautārum

In these phrases the Latin genitive (underlined) translates the English possessive and the English

of-phrases.

RULE: THE POSSESSIVE CASE AND MANY ENGLISH OF-PHRASES ARE TRANSLATED BY

THE GENITIVE.

Exercises 8 – 9 (pg 16)


Say in English

1. glōria prōvinciae 2. victōria nautae 3. glōria Marīae 4. glōria nautae 5. silva prōvinciae 6. victōria nautārum 7. porta prōvinciae

S1W1

Exercise 9 (pg 16)

Say in Latin.

1. the sailor’s victory 2. Mary’s victory 3. the gate of the province 4. Mary’s fame 5. the sailors’ victory 6. the forest of the province END OF WEEK 1

CHALLENGE B SEMESTER 1 WEEK 2


2 Lesson 2

34, 35, 37-39

#11-17, 19-25, 27.

17, 21, 23, 25, 31

LESSON 2: The Second Declension (pg 17 – 34)

We are now ready to study the second group of Latin nouns – the SECOND

DECLENSION. If you look at the vocabulary below (pg 17), you will see that the nouns all

have -ī in the genitive.

ALL NOUNS WHOSE GENITIVE SINGULAR ENDS IN Ī BELONG TO THE SECOND

DECLENSION.

HOWEVER, SOME NOUNS OF THE SECOND DECLENSION HAVE -US IN THE

NOMINATIVE, SOME HAVE -UM. Those nouns of the second declension whose nominative

ends in -us are declined like servus, servī and are generally MASCULINE. Those whose

nominative ends in -um are declined like bellum, bellī and are always NEUTER.

Assignment: Learn the rules for gender in the Grammar (Nos. 35 and 38)

No. 35 Gender – Masculine nouns of 2nd Declension: Generally masculine

No. 38 Gender – Neuter Nouns of 2nd Declension: All neuter.

1. The Declension of Servus (pg 17 – 20)

Vocabulary (pg 17)

servus, servī - slave, servant

fīlius, fīliī - son

Deus, Deī – God

amīcus, amīcī - friend

Chrīstus, Chrīstī - Christ

Chrīstiānus, Chrīstiānī - Christian

et, conjunction - and

Related English Words:

A servile spirit; amicable relations; with filial affection

S1W2

ASSIGNMENT: Memorize the declension of servus, Grammar No. 34.

Grammar No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative serv-us The slave Subject

Singular Genitive serv-ī Of the slave, the slave's Possessive

Singular Dative serv-ō To or for the slave Indirect object

Singular Accusative serv-um The slave Direct object

Singular Ablative serv-ō By, with, from the slave

Plural Nominative serv-ī The slaves Subject

Plural Genitive serv-ōrum Of the slaves, the slaves' Possessive

Plural Dative serv-īs To or for the slaves Indirect object

Plural Accusative serv-ōs the slaves Direct object

Plural Ablative serv-īs By, with, from the slaves

S1W2

Exercises 10 – 14 (pg 18 – 20) - Assigned in Challenge B - # 11 – 14

Exercise 11 (pg 18)

1. Tell what form these are; 2. Give the English meaning

1. Deus ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 2. servōs ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3. fīliīs ________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4. Chrīstum ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5. amīcus _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 6. Deum _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

7. amīcīs ____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

7

8. servus ____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 9. Chrīsitiānī __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________


10. amīcōs _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 11. servōrum __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 12. amīcum ____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 13. fīliō _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 14. servī ______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________ 15. fīlium _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 16. amīcī _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 17. servō _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 18. fīlius _______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________


19. Deō __________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 20. servīs ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 21. amīcōrum ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 22. fīliī _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 23. Chrīstiānōrum ___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

24. fīliōs ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ 25. Chrīstus _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 26. servum _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 27. Deī ____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 28. Chrīstō ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 29. amīcō __________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 30. fīliōrum ________________________________________________________

Exercise 12

S1W2

Exercise 12 (pg 19) Translate

1. glōria Deī

__________________________________________________________________________________ 2. amīcus servī

__________________________________________________________________________________ 3. amīcus Deī

__________________________________________________________________________________ 4. victōria Deī

__________________________________________________________________________________ 5. glōria Chrīstī

__________________________________________________________________________________ 6. glōria Marīae

__________________________________________________________________________________ 7. victōria Chrīstiānōrum

__________________________________________________________________________________ 8. servus Deī

__________________________________________________________________________________ 9. amīcus Chrīstī

__________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Fīlius Deī

__________________________________________________________________________________

S1W2


1. Translate 2. Diagram Sentences 2, 3, and 10.

1. Chrīstiānī ōrant. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Amīcī Deī Chrīstiānōs laudant. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Chrīstiānī Fīlium Deī laudant. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Chrīstiānī Marīam laudant. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Nautae servōs nōn vident. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Servī Chrīstiānōs laudant. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. Chrīstiānī servōs Deī laudant. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

S1W2

Exercise 13 cont.

8. Glōriam Deī vident. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. Chrīstiānī Chrīstum laudant. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. Marīa et Chrīstus amīcōs Deī laudant. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 11. Deus terram et silvās videt. Nautās et servōs et Chrīstiānōs videt. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 12. Chrīstiānī Fīlium Marīae laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________


Diagram:

2. Amīcī Deī Chrīstiānōs laudant.

3. Chrīstiānī Fīlium Deī laudant.

10. Marīa et Chrīstus amīcōs Deī laudant.

1

S1W2 Exercise 14 [Essential] Translate into Latin: 1. Christians praise the son of Mary. __ ___ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. Mary sees the Son of God __ ____ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3. Christians praise the victory of Christ. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 4. Mary praises God. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. God praises the glory of Christ. _______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Christ praises the friends of Mary. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

S1W2 Exercise 14 cont. 7. The servants of Mary praise Christ. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 8. The friends of God praise Mary. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 9. The sailors do not praise the victory of the slaves. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________ _________________________________ 10. Mary sees the glory of God and the victory of Christ. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __ 11. God sees the earth; He sees the forest. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

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2. THE DECLENSION OF BELLUM (pg 20 – 22)

bellum, bellī - war

This word has -ī in the genitive. Therefore, it is in the second declension. But its nominative

ends in -um.

All words of the second declension whose nominative ends in -um are neuter and are declined like

BELLUM.

HINT: In all neuter nouns and adjectives the accusative is always like the nominative.

Assignment: Learn the declension of bellum, Grammar No. 37. Note that it is like servus except

in three cases.

No. 37: Neuter Nouns of the 2nd Declension

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative bell-um The war Subject

Singular Genitive bell-ī Of the war Possessive

Singular Dative bell-ō To or for the war Indirect object

Singular Accusative bell-um The war Direct object

Singular Ablative bell-ō By, with, from the war

Plural Nominative bell-ā The wars Subject

Plural Genitive bell-ōrum Of the wars Possessive

Plural Dative bell-īs To or for the wars Indirect object

Plural Accusative bell-a the wars Direct object

Plural Ablative bell-īs By, with, from the wars

No. 38: Gender: All neuter

No. 39: Note: The accusative is like the nominative in all neuter nouns and adjectives. Thus,

singular nominative bellum, acc. bellum; plural nominative bella, accusative bella. (Cf.

flūmen, No. 64.; gravis, e, No 78, etc)

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Vocabulary (pg 21)

bellum, bellī - war

caelum, caelī - sky, heaven

(Note: When Caelum is used to mean the Christian heaven the c will be capitalized)

rēgnum, rēgnī - kingdom, royal power

praemium, praemiī - reward

perīculum, perīculī – danger

imperium, imperiī - command, power, empire


A belligerent nation. An interregnum. A premium was offereed. His Imperial Majesty.

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Exercises 15 – 18 (pg 20-21) – Assigned in Challenge B - # 15 – 17

Exercise 15

1. Tell what forms these are; 2. Translate:

1. caelō _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. perīculōrum _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. perīculis ________________________________________________________________________ 4. imperiō __________________________________________________________________________ 5. bellīs ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. periculī __________________________________________________________________________ 7. praemiīs _________________________________________________________________________ 8. rēgnī ____________________________________________________________________________ 9. imperium _______________________________________________________________________ 10. bella ____________________________________________________________________________ 11. rēgnō __________________________________________________________________________ 12. praemia _____________________________________________________________________

S1W2 Exercise 16 (pg 21) Translate

1. regnum Chrīstī ________________________________________________________________

2. periculum servōrum

_____________________________________________________________

3. imperium Deī ____________________________________________________________________

4. praemia Chrīstiānī

________________________________________________________________ 5. porta Caelī

_____________________________________________________________________ 6. praemium Marīae

________________________________________________________________ 7. perīculum amīcī

_________________________________________________________________

8. victōria Chrīstī ___________________________________________________________________

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Translate; underline the direct objects

1. Amīcī Deī rēgnum Chrīstī laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 2. Marīa praemium et victōriam Chrīstī videt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 3. Nautae caelum et terram vident. ______________________________________________________________________________ 4.. Deus perīcula Chrīstiānōrum videt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 5. Deus bella nōn laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Servī Chrīstī imperium Chrīstī laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________. 7. Marīa glōriam rēgnī Chrīstī videt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Filius Dei praemia Mariae laudat. ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. Nautae pericula belli non laudant. ______________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

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3. THE INDIRECT OBJECT (pg 22 – 24)

Chrīstus glōriam Deō dedit.

Christ gave glory to God.

Christ gave God glory.

In these sentences to God and God are INDIRECT OBJECTS. (Glory is the DIRECT

object.) The indirect object expresses the person (less frequently the thing) TO OR FOR WHOM

something is said, told, given, entrusted, etc.

RULE: The indirect object is put in the DATIVE case.

How to diagram sentences containing an indirect object is not printed in this workbook

(See page 23 in your purple Henle Latin book)

Vocabulary (pg 23)

dedit – he, she, it gave

dedērunt – they gave

gladius, ī - sword

sed, conjunction – but

Related English word

The gladiator fought bravely.

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Exercises 19 – 21 (pg 23- 24) - All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 19 (pg 23) [Essential] 1. Translate; 2. Diagram Sentences 3, 5, and 9 Warning: One Latin sentence has no indirect object. Can you find that sentence?

1. Chrīstus Deō glōriam dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

2. Servīs gladiōs nōn dedērunt sed nautīs gladiōs dedērunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

3. Nautae amīcīs victōriam dedērunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

4. Deus amīcīs Marīae praemia dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

5. Deus Fīliō rēgnum dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________


6. Chrīstiānī glōriam Marīae et Fīliō Marīae dedērunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

7. Deus Chrīstō terram dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

8. Nautae glōriam bellī laudant sed perīcula bellī nōn laudant.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

9. Prōvinciam amīcō dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

10. Deus glōriam et victōriam Chrīstiānīs dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

11. Amīcō gladium dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

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Translate:

1. God gave a kingdom to Christ. _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. He gave a sword to the friend but not to the slave. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

3. The Christians gave glory to God. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. They did not give the province to the slaves. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

5. The Son of God gave heaven to the Christians. _____________________________________________________________________________

6. Sailors do not praise the dangers of war but they praise victory and the rewards of war. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. God gave a kingdom and an empire to Christ. _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. The sailors see the sky. _____________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 21 (pg 24) Complete these sentences and translate:

1. Chrīstiān___________ ōrat. ___________________________________________________

2. Chrīstiānī ōr______________. _________________________________________________

3. Marīa De_____ vid________.

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. Nautae terr___________ vid____________.

_____________________________________________________________________________

5. Servus Chrīstī Cael__________ laud________ .

_____________________________________________________________________________

6. Amīcī Dei Chrīst__________ laud__________.

_____________________________________________________________________________

7. Chrīstus De_________ vid____________.

_____________________________________________________________________________

8. De_______ terrās vid_________.

_____________________________________________________________________________

9. Fīlius Deī Deum laud_________.

_____________________________________________________________________________

10. Marīa glōri__________ Deō dedit.

_____________________________________________________________________________

11. Servīs gladi_________ nōn dedit.

_____________________________________________________________________________

12. Chrīstiānī rēgn_________ et imper______ Chrīstī laudant.

_____________________________________________________________________________

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4. USE OF PREPOSITIONS (pg 24 – 27)

Cum amīcō, with a friend

Cum is a preposition. It governs the word amīcō. (With what? With a friend.) Amīcō is

in the ablative case.

In Latin some prepositions are followed by the ablative case, some by the accusative case.

Post bellum, after the war.

Bellum is in the ACCUSATIVE case because the preposition post takes the accusative.

In prōvinciā, in the province.

Prōvinciā is in the ABLATIVE because the preposition in, meaning in or on, takes the ablative

case.

Vocabulary (pg 25)

oppidum, ī - town

Gallia, ae – Gaul

Gallus, ī - a Gaul

Rōmānus, ī – a Roman

Rōma, ae - Rome

propter, prep. w. acc. - on account of

cum, prep. w. abl. - with

post, prep. w. acc. - after, behind

in, prep. w. abl. - in, on

Note: The abbreviations used are: prep., preposition, w., with.

In vocabulary study always learn WHAT CASE A PREPOSITION GOVERNS.


The French are famous for their Gallic with. In the post-bellum years.

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Exercises 22 – 23 (pg 25 – 27) – All assigned in Challenge B


1. Translate; 2. Explain the cases of the nouns: 1. in oppidō ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. in silvā ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. cum Gallō ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. cum Marīā ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. propter glōriam Rōmae ________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. post victōriam ________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. in silvīs Galliae ________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. cum nautā ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. propter pericula oppidī_________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. in terrā ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________


11. propter victōriam _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

12. in portīs Rōmae ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 13. cum Deō __________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 14. propter praemia Gallōrum _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 15. in caelō _____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 16. post victōriam Rōmānōrum ______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 17. cum amīcīs ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 18. in silvīs _______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 19. in portis oppidī __________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 20. cum Rōmānīs ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 21. in Galliā _______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 22. propter glōriam bellī ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________


23. in prōvinciīs ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

24. in prōvinciā ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 25. cum servō ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 26. post bellum ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 27. cum Rōmānō ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 28;. in regnō ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 29. in oppidīs ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 30. cum filiis ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 31. propter perīculum ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 32. in silvīs et oppidīs ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 33. post perīculum ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 34. cum Chrīstō ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________


35. in bellō ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

36. cum Chrīstiānīs ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 37. cum Gallīs ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 38. propter bellum ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 39. post oppidum ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 40. in portā ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 23 (pg 26-27)

[Essential]

1. with Mary __________________________________________________________________

2. after the war ________________________________________________________________

3. With God __________________________________________________________________

4. on account of the war _________________________________________________________

5. in the town __________________________________________________________________

6. after the danger ______________________________________________________________

7. on account of the reward _______________________________________________________

8. with the Son of God __________________________________________________________

9. on account of the Christians _____________________________________________________

10. in heaven __________________________________________________________________

11. on account of the kingdom _____________________________________________________

12. with friends ________________________________________________________________

13. in Gaul ____________________________________________________________________

14. with the Romans ____________________________________________________________

15. with the sailors ______________________________________________________________

16. in the forests ________________________________________________________________

17. on land ____________________________________________________________________

18. in the provinces ____________________________________________________________

19. with the slave _____________________________________________________________

20 in danger __________________________________________________________________

21. on account of power ________________________________________________________

22. with a Gaul _______________________________________________________________

23. behind the town _____________________________________________________________

24. on earth ___________________________________________________________________

25. on account of the fame of Rome ________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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5. THE PREDICATE NOUN (pg 27 – 29)

Chrīstus est Fīlius Deī.

Christ is the Son of God.

We have seen that transitive verbs take an object in the ACCUSATIVE CASE. In this sentence,

however, we have a different kind of verb: est, is. The verb to be (of which is a form) is called a

LINKING verb because it LINKS two words together. IT DOES NOT TAKE AN

ACCUSATIVE OBJECT. A noun linked to the subject is in the NOMINATIVE case. Such a

noun is called the PREDICATE NOUN. Fīlius is a predicate noun in this sentence and is

therefore in the NOMINATIVE case.

RULE: After a linking verb, the predicate noun is put in the same case as the subject.

How to diagram a sentence containing a predicate noun is not printed in this workbook

(see page 27 in your purple Henle Latin book)

Assignment: Learn the following forms of the verb I AM and their meanings.

Vocabulary (pg 28)

Singular - sum – I am

es – you are

est – he, she, it, is

Plural - sumus - we are

estis – you are

sunt – they are

Forms of the verb SUM may stand anywhere in the sentence.

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Exercises 24 – 25 – All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 24 [Essential] Translate; Diagram sentences 2, 4, and 7: Warning: Some of the sentences in this exercise have no predicate noun.

1. “Estis fīliī Deī” (Words of Christ to His disciples). _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Chrīstus est Fīlius Marīae.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

3. Chrīstiānī sunt servī Deī.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

4. Caelum est praemium Chrīstiānōrum.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

5. Marīa est in Caelō cum Deō.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

6. Bellum in prōvinciā est.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

7. Sumus fīliī Deī.

_______________________________________________________________________________________


8. Amīcus Deī es.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

9. Gallī sunt in Galliā, sed Rōmānī nōn sunt in Galliā.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

10. Gallī sunt in oppidīs et in silvīs.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

11. Rōmānī gladiōs Gallīs nōn dedērunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

12. Silvae in Galliā sunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

13. Rōma nōn est in Galliā.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

14. Propter bellum Gallī nōn sunt amīcī Rōmānōrum.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

15. Gladiī sunt in oppidō.

_______________________________________________________________________________________


16. Nautae estis. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 17. Nautae in silvīs nōn sunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

18. Cum amīcō in prōvinciā sum.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

19. Silvae sunt post oppidum. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Nautae sunt Chrīstiānī.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

21. In oppidō sumus.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

22. Rōmānus servō praemium dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

23. Sunt Deī amīcī.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________


24. Chrīstiānus es sed servus Rōmānī es. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

25. In Caelō nōn estis.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

Diagram:

2. Chrīstus est Fīlius Marīae.

4. Caelum est praemium Chrīstiānōrum.

7. Sumus fīliī Deī.

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Translate:

1. Christ is the Son of God. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Sailors see the sky, but not the land. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Christians are servants of Christ. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. We are friends of God. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Mary is with Christ in Heaven. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. The slaves are in the towns and in the forests. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. Christians praise God on account of the glory of Christ. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________


8. The Gauls are in Gaul. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. You are the sons of God. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. You are a servant of Christ. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 11. I am on the earth. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

12. Heaven is the reward of the servants of Christ. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 13. After the war – the rewards of victory! ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 14. Romans are in the provinces. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________


15. Mary is the "Gate of Heaven." ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 16. The servants are in the towns. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 17. You are not in Gaul. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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6. USE OF QUOD, 'BECAUSE' (pg 31)

I am a servant of Christ because Christ is God.

Servus Chrīstī sum quod Chrīstus Deus est.

Quod, because, is a conjunction which joins a subordinate clause to a main clause. In this

sentence I am a servant of Christ is the main clause; because Christ is God is a subordinate

clause.

Vocabulary (pg 31)

quod, conj. - because

itaque, conj. - therefore, and so

incolunt – they inhabit

vidētis – you (plural) see

vīcērunt – they see

Note: Quod and itaque NEVER change their spelling. Itaque is used at the beginning of a

sentence as an introductory adverb.

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Exercises 26 – 27 – Assigned in Challenge B - #27

Exercise 27 (pg 33) [Essential] (Unclear if this is just supposed to be read or if you should translate it below. Ask your parent teacher which they want you to do)

Vidētis Chrīstiānōs. Vidētis Marīam et Chrīstum et Deum. Chrīstiānī (in terrā) sunt, sed Chrīstus et Marīa (in Caelō) (cum Deō) sunt. Perīcula Chrīstiānōrum (in terrā) sunt, sed praemia sunt (in Caelō). Itaque Chrīstiānī (in terrā) ōrant. Marīa (cum Chrīstiānīs) ōrat quod Chrīstiānī fīliī Marīae sunt. Chrīstiānī Marīam laudant quod Chrīstus est fīlius Marīae. Christum laudant quod fīlius Deī est. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

END OF WEEK 2



3 Lesson 3 (pg

35-44)

45-64 #30-38, 40-42

36, 39, 42

Lesson 3: THE THIRD DECLENSION (pg 35 – 55)

Here are some words which belong to the third declension:

Nominative Genitive Meaning

lēx lēgis law

homō hominis man

vēritās vēritātis truth

imperātor imperātōris commander

What do you notice about the endings of the nominative? Unlike the first and second

declensions, the third declension has NO REGULAR ENDING in the nominative singular. How

then will you be able to tell when a word belongs to this declension? (Give the general rule!)

All nouns whose genitive singular ends in -IS belong to the third declension.

The STEM is found by dropping the -is of the genitive singular. Thus, genitive: lēgis, stem: lēg-.

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1. GENDER IN THE THIRD DECLENSION (pg 35)

Nouns in the third declension may be masculine, feminine, or neuter. We shall study the

masculine and feminine nouns first. You can tell whether a noun is masculine or feminine from

the rules given in the Grammars Nos. 46 -52. (There are many exceptions, to be marked m., f.,

or n. in the vocabularies.) Read theses rules carefully and see whether you can determine the

gender of the nouns in the vocabularies on pages 39 and 42. Now memorize the rules.

Grammars Nos. 45 -56 (all assigned in Ch B)

No. 45 The Third Declension. The nominative singular of the third declension has no model

ending. Thus lēx, law, pars, part, flūmen, river, hostis, enemy, are all nouns of the third

declension. The genitive ending (for the third declension, always -is) shows the declension and

gives the stem.

No 46: Nouns naming individual male persons are masculine: mīles, mīlitis, m., soldier

No. 47: Nouns naming individual female persons are feminine: māter, mātris, f., mother.

No 48: Note: These two rules (Nos. 46, 47) should always be applied before Nos. 49 to 52.

Thus mīles would be feminine by the SOX rule (No. 50), but rule No. 46 is applied first, hence

mīles is masculine.

No. 49: Nouns ending in -er, -or (ERROR) are masculine.

No. 50: Nouns ending in -s, -o, -x (SOX) are feminine.

No. 51: Nouns ending in -l, -a, -n, -c, -e, -t (LANCET) are neuter.

No. 52: Note: But masculine generally are words in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis, in -es (itis) and -

ex (icis); as neuter mark the -us (with -ris).

No. 53: Declension. First find the gender of the noun. Then find the stem from the genitive.

No. 54: For masculine and feminine nouns, add the endings of lēx or pars according to the rules

in Nos. 59-63.

No. 55: For neuter nouns add the endings of flūmen. (For the few exceptions, see footnote on

No 64)

No. 56: The vocative is always like the nominative.

Exercise 28 (pg 35) – Not assigned in Ch B.

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2. RULES FOR NOUNS LIKE LĒX AND PARS (pg 36)

Look at Nos. 57 and 58 in the Grammar. You will notice that two models are given for

the masculine and feminine nouns of the third declension. They have exactly the same endings

except in the nominative singylar and in the GENITIVE PLURAL.

GRAMMAR

Masculine and Feminine Nouns of the 3rd Declension

No. 57: Masculine

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative lēx The law Subject

Singular Genitive lēg-is Of the law Possessive

Singular Dative lēg-ī To or for the law Indirect object

Singular Accusative lēg-em The law Direct object

Singular Ablative lēg-e By, with, from the law

Plural Nominative lēg-ēs The laws Subject

Plural Genitive lēg-um Of the laws Possessive

Plural Dative lēg-ibus To or for the laws Indirect object

Plural Accusative lēg-ēs the laws Direct object

Plural Ablative lēg-ibus By, with, from the laws

No. 58: Feminine

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative pars The part Subject

Singular Genitive part-is Of the part Possessive

Singular Dative part-ī To or for the part Indirect object

Singular Accusative part-em The part Direct object

Singular Ablative part-e By, with, from the part

Plural Nominative part-ēs The parts Subject

Plural Genitive part-ium Of the parts Possessive

Plural Dative part-ibus To or for the parts Indirect object

Plural Accusative part-ēs the parts Direct object

Plural Ablative part-ibus By, with, from the parts

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All masculine and feminine nouns of the third declension are declined like lēx EXCEPT

those in the Grammar, Nos. 59 – 63. All masculine and feminine nouns covered by those rules

are declined like pars.

GRAMMAR

3rd Declension Nouns

No. 59: Note: All masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension are declined like lēx

except the following nouns which have -ium in the genitive plural like part-ium:

No. 60: 1. Nouns that have the same number of syllables in the genitive singular as in the

nominative singular: as hostis, hostis (host-ium), enemy.

No. 61: 2. Nouns whose stem ends in two consonants, as: gens, gentis, tribe, stem, gent-,

hence gentium.

Exceptions:

No. 62: a. With -um instead of -ium: senum, patrum, mēnsum, mātrum, canum,

juvenum, and frātrum (of old men, fathers, months and mothers of dogs and youths and

brothers).

No. 63: b. With -ium instead of -um: vīrium, lītium, faucium, Penātium, imbrium, and

nivium, Samnītium, optimātium. (of strength and quarrels, of jaws and household gods, of

rains and snows, of Samnites and aristocrats.)

ASSIGNMENT: Learn the rules for nouns declined like pars, Grammar, Nos. 59-63

Exercise 29 (pg 36) - Which words on page 44 and 47 are like lēx? Like pars? – Not assigned

in Ch B.

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3. THE DECLENSION OF LĒX (pg 36)

Assignment: Memorize the declension of lēx, Grammar No. 57

No. 57: Masculine

Form Meaning Use



Singular Dative lēg-ī To or for the law Indirect object








Vocabulary (pg 36)

(All the words in this vocaulary are like lēx)

lēx, lēgis - law

rēx, rēgis - king

dux, ducis - leader

lūx, lūcis - light

homō, hominis - man

imperātor, imperātōris - commander in chief, general

vēritās, vēritātis - truth


The Duke of York; a regal manner; the eternal verities; Lucifer; a legal dispute.

Exercises 30 – 35 (pg 37 – 38)- All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 30 (pg 37)

1. Give the gender and the proper gender rules for each word in the vocabulary.

2. Decline each word in the vocabulary (but decline veritas and lux only in the singular). Follow

these rules: (a) Find the declension from the genitive (b) find the stem by dropping the genitive

ending (c) Find the proper model (lex or pars) (d) Add the endings as in the model

Latin noun Gender Rule Declension? Stem? Lex or pars?

lēx, lēgis - law

rēx, rēgis - king

dux, ducis - leader


homō , hominis - man

imperātor, imperātōris - commander

in chief, general


3. Give the genitive plural of

(a) lēx ___________________________________________________________________

(b) dux _______________________________________________________________

(c) rēx __________________________________________________________________

(d) homō ________________________________________________________________

(e) imperātor _______________________________________________________________

Why are all these nouns like lēx?

_____________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 31 (pg 37)

1. Tell what form these are: 2. Translate:

1. lēgibus ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. rēgum ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. imperātōrī __________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. ducum ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. lūce ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. ducēs ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. vēritātī______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. homō ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. imperātōrum ________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. ducibus __________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________


11. hominum _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 12. vēritātem __________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 13. rēgem ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 14. imperātōrem ________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 15. lūcem ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 16. hominibus __________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 17. duce ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 18. vēritātem __________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 19. homine ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 20. rēgibus ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 21. lēgī _______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

S1W3 Exercise 32 (pg 37) Translate

1. lūx vēritātis ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. rēx rēgum ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. rēx hominum ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. lēx Deī

______________________________________________________________________________ 5. rēx Chrīstiānōrum ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. propter lēgem Deī

______________________________________________________________________________ 7. cum rēge ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. propter vēritātem ____________________________________________________________________________

S1W3 Exercise 33 (pg 37)

Translate

1. behind the king

___________________________________________________________________________ 2. for men ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. the light of truth

___________________________________________________________________________ 4. for the commander in chief ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. on account of the law of Christ ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. with the leader of the Gauls _____________________________________________________________________________

S1W3 Exercise 34 (pg 38)

1. Translate; 2. Underline the Direct Objects

1. Chrīstus est Rēx Rēgum. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

2. Hominēs lūcem vident. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

3. Nautae sunt hominēs. (Why is hominēs in the Nominative case?) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

4. Chrīstiānī vēritātem Chrīstī laudant. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

5. Lūx in silvīs nōn est. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

6. Rōmānī lēgem et vēritātem Chrīstī nōn laudant. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________


7. Imperātōrēs Rōmānōrum Gallōs vīcērunt. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

8. Gallōrum ducēs lēgem et imperium Rōmānōrum nōn laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

9. Chrīstus est Rēx hominum quod Deus est. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

10. Dux Rōmānōrum in Galliā est quod bellum est in Galliā. (Explain the use of quod) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

11. Rōmānī imperātōrī et ducibus praemia dedērunt quod Gallōs vīcērunt. (Explain the use of ducibus) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

12. Rōmānī ducēs et rēgēs Gallōrum vīcērunt. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

S1W3 Exercise 35 (pg 38) Translate: 1. The commander in chief does not praise the leaders of the Gauls. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Christ is the Light of Men because He gave men truth. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. The Gauls do not praise the laws of the Romans.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Christ is the King of Kings.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. The leaders of the Romans are in Gaul. And so the kings of rthe Gauls are servants of the Romans.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. The general sees the dangers of the war.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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4. APPOSITIVES (pg 38-39)

Christ, the Son of God is the King of Kings.

Chrīstus, Fīlius Deī, est Rēx Rēgum.

Christians praise Christ, the Son of God.

Chrīstiānī Chrīstum, Fīlium Deī, laudant.

In these sentences the word Son is a noun which is used to explain the word Christ. Such

a noun is said to be in APPOSITION to the noun it explains and is called an APPOSITIVE.

Son is in apposition to Christ and is an appositive. Fīlius is in apposition to Chrīstus

and is an appositive. An appositive is frequently set off by commas. Note that Chrīstus is in the

nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence and Fīlius IS IN THE SAME CASE;

that Chrīstus is singular and Fīlius IS IN THE SAME NUMBER. In the same manner, explain

the case and number of

Fīlium in the sentence above. How do you explain the case of imperator? (See illustration on

page 39 of Caesar, Imperator Romanorum)

RULE: An appositive agrees with its noun in number and case.

Vocabulary (pg 39)

Caesar, Caesaris - Caesar

salūs, salūtis - safety, welfare, salvation

vōx, vōcis – voice, cry

audīvit – he, she, it heard

Note: What is the gender of Caesar, vōx, and salūs? Why? Why is vōx like lēx?


Salutary advice; vocal lessons; the Kaiser.

How to diagram a sentence containing an appositive is not printed in this workbook (see

page 40 in your purple Henle Latin book)

S1W3

Exercises 36 – 40 (pg 40 -42) – Assigned in Ch B - #36 – 38, #40

Exercise 36 (pg 40)

1) Translate 2) Diagram Sentences 2, 3, and 7

1. Gallī Caesarī, imperātōrī Rōmānōrum, praemia nōn dedērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

2. Servus vōcem Caesaris imperātōris audīvit.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

3. Deus, Rēx Caelī et terrae, salūtem hominibus dedit.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar, dux Rōmānōrum, vōcēs Gallōrum in silvīs audīvit.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

5. Propter salūtem hominum Chrīstus est homō.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

6. Chrīstus, Fīlius Deī, est Fīlius Marīae.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

40


7. Gallī, servī Rōmānōrum, Rōmānōs nōn laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

8. Chrīstiānī Chrīstum, Fīlium Marīae, laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Diagram 2. Servus vōcem Caesaris imperātōris audīvit. 3. Deus, Rēx Caelī et terrae, salūtem hominibus dedit. 7. Gallī, servī Rōmānōrum, Rōmānōs nōn laudant.

S1W3

Exercise 37 (pg 40)

Add the correct ending to the incomplete noun & translate. 1. Christus, Re____ hominum, in Caelo est.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Salus hominum in Christo, Fili___ Dei, est.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Caesar, imperat____ Romanorum, in Gallia est.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Vox Christi, Fili____ Dei, est vox Dei.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Romani Caesarem imperat_________ laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 38 (pg 41)

Translate

1. Christ, the Son of God, is man (on account of the salvation of men). ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. He heard the voice of Christ, the Son of Mary. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Christ, the Son of God, is the King of kings. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. God gave a kingdom to Christ, the friend of men. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

5. Christians praise Christ, the King and Friend of men. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Caesar, the general of the Romans, heard the cries of the Gauls. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. (On account of the safety of the province) Caesar, the commander in chief, is in Gaul. ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

S1W3 Exercise 40 (pg 41) 1. Tell what forms these are: 2. Translate 1. imperātorum ____________________________________________________________

2. Rōmānōrum ____________________________________________________________

3. amīcum ____________________________________________________________

4. perīculum____________________________________________________________

5. rēgum ____________________________________________________________

6. rēgnum ____________________________________________________________

7. vēritātem ____________________________________________________________

8. Chrīstum ____________________________________________________________

9. hominum ____________________________________________________________

10. ducī ____________________________________________________________

11. amīcī ____________________________________________________________

12. hominī ____________________________________________________________

13. fīliīs ____________________________________________________________

14. bellīs ____________________________________________________________

15. lūcis ____________________________________________________________

16. lēgis ____________________________________________________________

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5. THE EXPLETIVE THERE (pg 42 - 44)

There are dangers in Gaul.

There is a king in Gaul.

In these sentences there is an expletive. It merely introduces the sentence. The real subjects are

dangers and king.

Do not confuse the EXPLETIVE there with the ADVERB there, as in this sentence, "Were you

there?" In this sentence there is an adverb meaning in that place.

The expletive there is NOT TRANSLATED in Latin. There is and there are are expressed in Latin

by EST and SUNT. There is not translated. Thus:

Sunt perīcula in Galliā.

Est rēx in Galliā.

Vocabulary (pg 42)

virtūs, virtūtis – courage, virtue

mīles, mīlitis - soldier

pāx, pācis - peace

via, ae – road, way

populus, ī - people, nation

mūnīvērunt – they fortified, they constructed (w. viam or viās)

Note:

1. To what declensions do the nouns in the vocabulary belong? What gender are they? Why?

2. Mūnīvērunt means they constructed ONLY when it has viam or viās as its object.

Otherwise it means they fortified.


Military measures. Pacific intentions. Popular government. He came via the Panama Canal.

Proverb: Vōx Populī, Vōx Deī

Note: In proverbs forms of the verb to be (est, sunt, etc.) are frequently omitted. They should be

supplied in the translation.

S1W3

Exercises 41 – 42 – All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 41 (pg 43)

[Essential]

Translate

1. Sunt perīcula in silvīs Galliae.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Nōn est pāx in Galliā quod Caesar cum mīlitibus in Galliā est.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Sunt viae in prōvinciā.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Populus ducem mīlitum propter virtūtem laudat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Rōmānī viās in prōvinciā mūnīvērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Est pāx in Caelō.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


7. Sunt Chrīstiānī in Caelō.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. In pāce et in bellō Chrīstiānī ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Sunt mīlitēs in viā.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Caesar mīlitibus praemia virtūtis dedit quod Gallōs vīcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. Ducēs Gallōrum oppida mūnīvērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W3

Exercise 42 (pg 43) [Essential] Translate 1. There are roads in Gaul. ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. There is a war in the province. ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. There are soldiers in the forest. ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. The Romans constructed roads. ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. There is not peace in Gaul because Caesar and the soldiers are in Gaul. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. On account of the courage of the soldiers there is peace in the province. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. They fortified the towns on account of the people's danger. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Christ is the Way and the Truth. ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. They praise the virtue of the nation. ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

Also Assigned in Challenge B Week 3 (covered in text in Week 4)

GRAMMAR No. 64: Neuter Nouns of the 3rd Declension

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative flūmen The river Subject

Singular Genitive flūmin-is Of the river Possessive

Singular Dative flūmin-ī To or for the river Indirect object

Singular Accusative flūmen The river Direct object

Singular Ablative flūmin-e By, with, from the river

Plural Nominative flūmin-a The rivers Subject

Plural Genitive flūmin-um Of the rivers Possessive

Plural Dative flūmin-ibus To or for the rivers Indirect object

Plural Accusative flūmin-a the rivers Direct object

Plural Ablative flūmin-ibus By, with, from the rivers END OF WEEK 3



4 Lesson 3 (pg

44- 55)

45 – 64

(review week 3)

#44-47, 51-56, 59- 60. 44, 47, 51, 53

Review Grammar Rules #45 – 57 in Week 3

THE DECLENSION OF PARS (pg 44 – 47)

Assignment: Review the rules in Grammar Nos 59 – 63. Learn the declension of pars, No. 58.

Note that it is like lēx except in the nominative singular and the GENITIVE PLURAL.

GRAMMAR

No. 58: Feminine

Form Meaning Use

















hence gentium.

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Exceptions:


juvenum, and frātrum (of old men, fathers, months and mothers of dogs and youths and

brothers).


nivium, Samnītium, optimātium. (of strength and quarrels, of jaws and household gods, of

rains and snows, of Samnites and aristocrats.)

Vocabulary (pg 44)

pars, partis – part

collis, collis, m. - hill

hostis, hostis – enemy (in war)

gēns, gentis - tribe

caedēs, caedis – slaughter

Note: The plural of hostis is often used to tranlate the English singular enemy. Collis is an

exception to the rules for gender; notice that is masculine.

Related English Words: The gentiles; hostile actions.

Pāx Chrīstī in rēgnō Chrīstī. (Motto of Pope Pius XI).

S1W4

Exercises 44 – 48 (pg 45 – 47) – Assigned in Challenge B - #44 – 47

Exercise 44 (pg 45)

1. Tell what form these are;

2. Translate:

1. pars hostium

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. propter caedem gentium

_________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3. cum hostibus

________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4. in colle

____________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

5. post caedem Gallōrum

____________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


6. in oppidīs hostium

_____________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

7. in collibus

____________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

8. rēx gentium

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

9. post collem

____________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

10. gentibus

__________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

11. post caedem hostium

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 45 ( pg 46) Translate:

1. on account of the welfare of the tribes

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

2. part of the leaders and soldiers

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

3. with the general of the enemy

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

4. on account of the slaughter of the men

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

5. on the hill

______________________________________________________________________________

6. with the enemy

______________________________________________________________________________

7. in the way

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

8. the leaders of the tribe

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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1. Translate 2. Diagram sentences 1, 2, 7 and 9

1. Ducēs Rōmānōrum hostēs in colle vīcērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

2. Propter caedem mīlitum bellum in Galliā est.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

3. Sunt perīcula in Galliā quod Gallī hostēs Rōmānōrum sunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

4. Chrīstus est Rēx populōrum et salūs hominum quod Deus est.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

5. Pars hostium in silvīs est, sed pars est in colle.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

6. In Galliā sunt collēs et silvae et oppida et viae. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

48

S1W4

Exercise 46 cont. 7. Rōmānī rēgēs et gentēs Galliae vīcērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

8. Propter salūtem populī et pācem prōvinciārum Rōmānī viās mūnīvērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

9. Hominēs virtūtem et vēritātem laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

10. Post caedem hostium Caesar mīlitēs propter virtūtem laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

S1W4

Exercise 46 cont. Diagram:

1. Ducēs Rōmānōrum hostēs in colle vīcērunt.

2. Propter caedem mīlitum bellum in Galliā est.

7. Rōmānī rēgēs et gentēs Galliae vīcērunt.

9. Hominēs virtūtem et vēritātem laudant.

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Exercise 47 (pg 46) [Essential] Translate: 1. Part of the enemy is in the towns, but part is on the hill. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. On account of the slaughter of the leaders of the tribe, the Gauls do not praise Caesar. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Christ is the King of tribes and nations. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. There are hills behind the town. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. After a victory there is a slaughter of part of the leaders of the tribe. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Part of the enemy is in the hills and forests. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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7. REVIEW OF NOUNS LIKE LĒX AND PARS (pg 47 – 48)

Review Grammar Nos. 45 – 63. Review vocabulary page 36.

No. 45 The Third Declension. The nominative singular of the third declension has no model

ending. Thus lēx, law, pars, part, flūmen, river, hostis, enemy, are all nouns of the third

declension. The genitive ending (for the third declension, always -is) shows the declension and

gives the stem.

No 46: Nouns naming individual male persons are masculine: mīles, mīlitis, m., soldier

No. 47: Nouns naming individual female persons are feminine: māter, mātris, f., mother.

No 48: Note: These two rules (Nos. 46, 47) should always be applied before Nos. 49 to 52.

Thus mīles would be feminine by the SOX rule (No. 50), but rule No. 46 is applied first, hence

mīles is masculine.

No. 49: Nouns ending in -er, -or (ERROR) are masculine.

No. 50: Nouns ending in -s, -o, -x (SOX) are feminine.


No. 52: Note: But masculīnī generis

are words in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis,

in -es (itis) and -ex (icis);

as neuter mark the -us (with -ris).

No. 53: Declension. First find the gender of the noun. Then find the stem from the genitive.

No. 54: For masculine and feminine nouns, add the endings of lēx or pars according to the rules

in Nos. 59-63.

No. 55: For neuter nouns add the endings of flūmen. (For the few exceptions, see footnote on

No 64)

No. 56: The vocative is always like the nominative.

S1W4

Masculine and Feminine Nouns of the 3rd Declension

No. 57: Masculine

Form Meaning Use



Singular Dative lēg To or for the law Indirect object








No. 58: Feminine

Form Meaning Use











S1W4







hence gentium.

Exceptions:


juvenum, and frātrum (of old men, fathers, months and mothers of dogs and youths

and brothers).


nivium, Samnītium, optimātium. (of strength and quarrels, of jaws and

household gods, of rains and snows, of Samnites and aristocrats.)

Review Vocabulary (pg 36)

(All the words in this vocaulary are like lēx)

lēx, lēgis - law

rēx, rēgis - king

dux, ducis - leader


homō, hominis - man

imperātor, imperātōris - commander in chief, general


S1W4

New Vocabulary (pg 47)

frāter, frātris (frātrum) - brother

pater, patris (patrum) - father

māter, mātris (mātrum) - mother

mōns, montis, m. - mountain

clāmor, clāmoris – shouting, shout

prīnceps, prīncipis – chief, leading man

occīdērunt – they killed

Note:

1. The genitive plura of pater, māter, frāter is put in parentheses to remind you that these

words are exceptions to the rule for -ium words.

2. Notice that mōns is an exception to the gender rules.

Related English words:

Paternal care; the crown prince; maternal affection; clamorous demands; fraternal love.

S1W4

Exercises 49 – 51 (pg 48) – Assigned in Challenge B - #51


1) Tell what case these nouns are 2) Translate 3) Give their nominative and genitive singular and their gender 4) Give the genitive plural of all italicized words

1. propter virtūtem mīlitum 1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________

2. pāx populōrum et gentium 1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________

3. propter clāmōrem hostium

1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________

4. post caedem patrum et mātrum

1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 51 cont.

5. propter lūcem et vēritātem Chrīstī

1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________

6. cum imperātōre Rōmānōrum

1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________

7. propter salūtem frātrum

1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________

8. in colle

1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________

9. in montibus

1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 51 cont. 10. post ducem 1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________

11. cum rēge

1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________

12. vōcēs hominum

1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 13. cum parte mīlitum

1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 14. cum Caesare 1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________

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NOTE ON READING LATIN (pg 48 -49)

When you read a Latin sentence you have to puzzle out the meaning. Perhaps you look

for the subject and the verb and translate them into English and so gradually find out what the

Latin means. But a Roman boy or girl did not have to do this; they could UNDERSTAND the

Latin words at once and IN THE ORDER in which they were spoken or written. They read Latin

just as you read English.

Now you can learn to read Latin that way too. It may take you a long time, but if you start

now in the right way you will eventually be able to read Latin WITHOUT EVER THINKING

OF ENGLISH WORDS. But it takes a lot of the right kind of practice. A football coach makes a

boy hold a ball in a certain way, throw it in a certain way – over and over again – until the boy

learns how to do it naturally, quickly and correctly. So you too must practice the right way of

reading Latin.

Now here is the way to practice reading Latin.

1. First read each Latin sentence slowly and thoughtfully, trying to understand it. At

first you won't understand a thing. But do this each time anyway.

2. Then work out in translation all the words and phrases you didn't understand. At

first ou will have to work out the whole sentence.

3. Then REREAD the sentence several times, trying to put the MEANING into the

Latin and to understand the Latin without thinking of English words. Do this over

and over again untul you UNDERSTAND the Latin in Latin order. It will help to

read the sentence aloud and to put as much meaning into your voice as possible.

(Be sure to pronounce the words correctly!)

If you do this regularly NOW, Latin later on will be much easier and you will have the

satisfaction of reading it quickly and easily. Try out this method on Exercise 52.

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Exercise 52 - 53 (pg 49 – 50) – ALL Assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 52 (pg 49) Reading

1. Frātrēs Estis

Chrīstus est Rēx hominum sed est frāter hominum, et Deus est Rēx hominum sed est pater

hominum. Itaque, hominēs sunt frātrēs. Itaque, bellum est caedēs frātrum. Itaque, Deus et

Chrīstus bellum nōn laudant.

2. Caedēs Gallōrum

Rōmānī partem prīncipum Gallōrum occidērunt. Itaque, Deus clāmōrem mātrum et patrum et

frātrum in silvīs et montibus Galliae audīvit.

3. In Galliā

In Galliā sunt silvae et montēs et collēs. Sunt oppida in collibus, sed pars gentium Gallōrum montēs et silvās incolunt.

4. Chrīstus, Dux Hominum

Chrīstus est dux hominum quod vēritātem et lēgem et lūcem hominibus dedit. Chrīstus est “Via” et “Veritas.”

5."Our Tainted Nature's Solitary Boast" - Wordsworth

Maria est Mater Christi. Sed Christus est Deus quod Filius Dei Patris est. Itaque Maria est Mater Dei. Mariam, Matrem Dei, Christiani laudant. Maria est mater hominum quod Christus in cruce Mariam hominibus dedit. Itaque Chrisitani sunt filii et servi Mariae. Maria est Porta Caeli. cruce (on the cross)

52

S1W4 Exercise 53 (pg 50) [Essential] 1. He heard the shouting of the leading men. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. They killed the chiefs of the tribe. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. There are dangers in the mountains. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. The general praises the mothers and fathers of the soldiers. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. The brothers are with Caesar in Gaul. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. They fortified the hills on account of the war. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. The Romans constructed roads in the mountains. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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8. THE DECLENSION OF FLŪMEN (pg 51 – 53)

Vocabulary (pg 51)

flūmen, flūminis - river

iter, itineris, n. - journey, march, route

corpus, corporis, n. - body

vulnus, vulneris, n. - wound

agmen, agminis – column (of soldiers), army (on the march)

nōmen, nōminis – name


Corporal needs. An itinerant salesman. We nominated him for president.

To what declension do all the words in the vocabulary belong? To determine their genders study

the rules, Grammar Nos 51 – 52.


No. 52: Note: But masculīnī generis

are words in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis,

in -es (itis) and -ex (icis);

as neuter mark the -us (with -ris).

*Rule No. 52 is a “poem” (written in hybrid of English and Latin) describing the exceptions to

3rd declension’s SOX rule (Rule #50):

Normally nouns that end in -s, -o, or -x are feminine. Exceptions to this rule are described

below:

Masculine: ~nouns ending in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis in the nominative singular

~nouns whose nom/gen sing endings are -es (-itis) and -ex (-icis)

Neuter: ~ nouns whose nom./gen. sing endings are -us, (-ris)

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Without looking in the Grammar see whether you can work out the declension of flūmen from

the following hints.

1. Flūmen is declined like lēx except in the nominative and accusative, singular and

plural.

2. In all neuter nouns the accusative is always like the nominative.

3. The nominative singular of flūmen you know from the vocabulary. The

nominative plural is flūmin-a.

Assignment: Now compare your declension with the one in Grammar No. 64. Learn the

declension of flūmen and decline the words in the vocabulary.

GRAMMAR No. 64: Neuter Nouns of the 3rd Declension

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative flūmen The river Subject

Singular Genitive flūmin-is Of the river Possessive

Singular Dative flūmin-ī To or for the river Indirect object

Singular Accusative flūmen The river Direct object

Singular Ablative flūmin-e By, with, from the river

Plural Nominative flūmin-a The rivers Subject

Plural Genitive flūmin-um Of the rivers Possessive

Plural Dative flūmin-ibus To or for the rivers Indirect object

Plural Accusative flūmin-a the rivers Direct object

Plural Ablative flūmin-ibus By, with, from the rivers

All neuter nouns of the 3rd declension are declined like flūmen except the very few which end

their nominative with -e, -al, -ar. These have - ī in the ablative singular, -ia in the nominative

and accusative, plural, and -ium in the genitive plural. Thus, mare, maris has ablative singular

mar- ī, nominative and accusative plural mar-ia, and genitive plural mar-ium.

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Exercises 54 – 57 (pg 51 – 53) – Assigned in Challenge B - # 54 - 56

Exercise 54 (pg 51) Tell what forms these are; Translate

1. flūmina ____________________________________________________________________

2. in itinere ____________________________________________________________________

3. propter nōmen ______________________________________________________________

4. in nōmine Patris _____________________________________________________________

5. in propter nōmen Chrīstī ______________________________________________________

6. nōminum _________________________________________________________________

7. nōmen patris ________________________________________________________________

8. nōmine ____________________________________________________________________

9. flūminibus _________________________________________________________________

10. in flūmine _________________________________________________________________

11. in agmine _________________________________________________________________

12. agmina ____________________________________________________________________

13. in nōmine Deī _____________________________________________________________

14. vulnera mīlitis _____________________________________________________________

15. vulneribus ________________________________________________________________

16. iter hostium _______________________________________________________________

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Exercise 54 cont. 17. vulnerum _________________________________________________________________

18. corporibus _________________________________________________________________

Exercise 55 (pg 52)

Translate

1. in the river

___________________________________________________________________________ 2. on account of the wounds

___________________________________________________________________________ 3. on the journey

___________________________________________________________________________ 4. on the column

___________________________________________________________________________ 5. in the name of Mary

___________________________________________________________________________ 6. in the body

___________________________________________________________________________ 7. with the army

___________________________________________________________________________ 8. on the march

___________________________________________________________________________ 9. after the journey

___________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 55 cont. 10. the name of the river

___________________________________________________________________________ 11. on account of the law

___________________________________________________________________________

12. with the generals

___________________________________________________________________________ 13. the safety of the tribes

___________________________________________________________________________ 14. on the mountain

___________________________________________________________________________


Translate

1. Propter vulnera mīles in agmine nōn est.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

2. Imperātor vulnera mīlitum videt. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Sunt corpora in flūmine.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 56 cont. 4. In Galliā sunt flūmina et silvae.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

5. Rōmānī in itinere sunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

6. Sunt hostēs in silvīs et in montibus. Itaque, in perīculō sumus.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

7. Caesar agmen hostium videt. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Chrīstiānī nōmen Marīae laudant. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

9. Agmen hostium in flūmine est.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

10. Rōmānī Chrīstiānōs occīdērunt quod Chrīstiānī nōmen Chrīstī laudant. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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9. REVIEW OF THE THIRD DECLENSION (pg 53)

Assignment: Review Grammar Nos 45 – 64. Review vocabularies on pages 36, 39, 42, 44, 47,

and 51.

Vocabulary (pg 53)

mundus, ī – world

erat – he, she, it was

erant – they were

Note: Erat and erant (like est and sunt) sometimes mean there was and there were.

Related English Word:

Mundane affairs.

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Exercises 58 – 61 (pg 53 – 55) – Assigned in Challenge - #59 – 60

Exercise 59 (pg 54) [Essential] Translate.

1. “Estis lūx mundī.” (Words of Christ to His disciples).

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

2. Propter salūtem hominum Chrīstus erat in mundō.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

3. Chrīstus lūcem et lēgem et salūtem et vēritātem hominibus dedit.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar, Imperātor Rōmānōrum, cum mīlitibus in Galliā erat.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

5. Chrīstus est salūs mundī.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

6. Servī nōmen rēgis laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 59 cont.

7. Agmen hostium in montibus erat. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Propter caedem prīncipum nōn erat pāx.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

9. Propter vulnera mīlitēs in itinere nōn erant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

10. Deus, pater hominum, virtūtem laudat, sed bella et caedem nōn laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

11. Dux vōcēs servōrum et clāmōrem mīlitum audīvit.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

12. Post bellum corpora erant in collibus et in flūminibus, et imperator clāmōrem mātrum audīvit.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 59 cont.

13. Chrīstiānī frātrēs Chrīstī et mīlitēs Chrīstī sunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

14. Rōmānī partem prīncipum Gallōrum occīdērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

15. Gentēs et populī Galliae imperium Rōmānōrum nōn laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 60 [Essential] Translate: 1. In the name of the king ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. On account of the salvation of men ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. On the journey ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. In the mountains and the hills. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. With the leading men of the tribes ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. They see the light of the world. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. After the slaughter of the leaders ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 60 cont. 8. There were bodies in the road. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. On account of the courage of the soldier ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. He praises the virtues of Christians. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 11. In peace and in war ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 12. He heard the voice of the general. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 13. They killed part of the enemy. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 14. They praise the laws of the tribe. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

15. Caesar gave rewards to the soldiers. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 16. On account of the wounds of the chiefs. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 17. The commander in chief heard the shouts of the fathers. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 18. The column was in the river. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 19. The shouts of the fathers ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 20. On account of the welfare of the nation ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 21. He heard the cries of the brothers. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 60 cont. 22. God gave truth to men. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 23. On account of the safety of the column ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 24. On the march. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 25. There was a route in the mountains. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 26. Caesar did not give swords to the chief. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 27. The Gauls gave the commander in chief a reward. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ END OF WEEK 4

Challenge B Semester 1 Week 5


5 Lesson 4

65-66

#63-69

56, 58

LESSON 4: THE FOURTH DECLENSION (pg 56 - 61)

1. THE DECLENSION OF PORTUS (pg 56- 57)

Learn the declension of portus, ūs Grammar No. 65 and the rule for gender Grammar No 66.

Note that the -us is short in the nominative singular but long in other cases.

No. 65. The Fourth Declension

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative port-us The harbor Subject

Singular Genitive port-ūs Of the harbor Possessive

Singular Dative port-uī To or for the harbor Indirect object

Singular Accusative port-um The harbor Direct object

Singular Ablative port-ū By, with, from the harbor

Plural Nominative port-ūs The harbors Subject

Plural Genitive port-uum Of the harbors Possessive

Plural Dative port-ibus To or for the harbors Indirect object

Plural Accusative port-ūs the harbors Direct object

Plural Ablative port-ibus By, with, from the harbors

No. 66: Gender: All masculine except manus, -ūs, f. hand, domus, ūs, f. house, cornū, ūs, n.

horn, genū, ūs, n., knee, and a few others.

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Vocabulary (pg 56)

adventus, ūs – arrival, coming

equitātus ūs- cavalry

exercitus, ūs – army

impetus, ūs - attack

metus, ūs - fear

spīritus, ūs - breath, spirit

portus, ūs - harbor

senātus, ūs - senate

Note:

1. The ūs in the vocabulary stands of course for the full genitive form, e.g. Adventus, ūs =

adventus, adventūs.

2. Be sure to note the the difference between portus, ūs and porta, ae.

3. The Roman Senate was an aristocratic governing body somewhat like a combination of

the United State Senate and the British House of Lords. In the time of the Republic the

Senate was very powerful and really directed Roman policies. Under the emperors it had

very little real power.


The port of New York. The season of Advent. He gave the movement a strong impetus.

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Exercises 62 – 64 (pg 57) – Assigned in Challenge B - #63, 64

Exercise 63 (pg 57) Tell what forms these are Translate:

1. post adventum Chrīstī _______________________________________________________

2. adventus Caesaris _______________________________________________________

3. in portū _______________________________________________________

4. portus prōvinciae _______________________________________________________

5. cum equitātū _______________________________________________________

6. in exercitū _______________________________________________________

7. post equitātum _______________________________________________________

8. exercitūs _______________________________________________________

9. in senātū _______________________________________________________

10. in prōvinciā _______________________________________________________

11. senātus _______________________________________________________

12. lex senatūs _______________________________________________________

13. propter metum _______________________________________________________

14. amīcī senātūs _______________________________________________________

15. metus Caesaris _______________________________________________________

16. impetum _______________________________________________________

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Exercise 63 cont.

17. dux equitātūs ___________________________________________________________

18. cum exercitū _____________________________________________________________

Exercise 64 (pg 57)

Translate:

1. on account of fear of danger ___________________________________________________

2. in the senate _______________________________________________________________

3. with Caesar's army ____________________________________________________________

4. after the coming of Christ ______________________________________________________

5. with the cavalry of the Gauls ___________________________________________________

6. the attack of the enemy ________________________________________________________

7. with the spirit of God __________________________________________________________

8. in the harbor ________________________________________________________________

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2. IN WITH THE ACCUSATIVE (pg 57 – 61)

The preposition in may take either the accusative or the ablative case. (You have already

been using it with the ablative.)

1. Whenever there is MOVEMENT or MOTION expressed by the in, the

ACCUSATIVE is used.

In silvam vēnit. In hostēs impetum fēcērunt.

He came INTO the forest. They made an attack AGAINST (UPON,ON)

the enemy.

2. When there is no idea of movement or motion, the ABLATIVE is used.

In colle est. In silva est.

He is on the hill. He is in the forest.

Vocabulary (pg 58)

in, prep. w. abl. - in, on

in, prep. w. acc. - in, into, against, upon, on

nunc, adverb – now

autem, conj, postpositive – however

fēcērunt - they made

vēnit – he, she, it came

vēnērunt – they came

Note: Autem is postpositive. This means that it cannot stand first in a clause but must ALWAYS

FOLLOW THE FIRST WORD OR PHRASE OF ITS CLAUSE. (See sentence 4, Exercise 65)

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Exercise 65 (pg 59)

Translate

1. Nunc sunt portūs in Galliā. ( Why is Galliā in the ablative?) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Post adventum Rōmānōrum bellum erat in Galliā.

________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

3. Caesar cum equitātū in prōvinciam vēnit. (prōvinciam is in the Accusative here; why?)

________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar autem cum exercitū nōn erat.

________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

5. Propter metum Rōmānōrum Gallī in silvās vēnērunt.

________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

6. Nautae portum vident. ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 65 cont. 7. Senātus Caesarem laudat quod Rōmānī hostēs vīcērunt.

________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

8. Impetum in hostēs fēcērunt. ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

9. Post adventum equitātūs mīlitēs impetum in Gallōs fēcērunt.

________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

10. Gallī in colle erant. In Gallōs autem Caesaris mīlitēs impetum fēcērunt. . Ducēs et prīncipēs Gallōrum occīdērunt et Gallōs vīcērunt. Post bellum, propter metum Caesaris, hostēs impetum in Rōmānōs nōn fēcērunt

________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

11. Gallī senātum occīdērunt.

________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 66 (pg 60)

Tell what forms these are; Translate

1. portibus ____________________________________________________________________

2. portūs ____________________________________________________________________

3. corpus ____________________________________________________________________

4. equitātū _____________________________________________________________________

5. spīritū ______________________________________________________________________

6. portum _____________________________________________________________________

7. portam _____________________________________________________________________

8. portuum ___________________________________________________________________

9. portārum __________________________________________________________________

10. impetum _________________________________________________________________

11. rēgum ___________________________________________________________________

12. metum ___________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 67 (pg 60)

Read Caedēs Chrīstiānōrum. Answer the following questions in complete English sentences

Caedēs Chrīstiānōr

Post Chrīstī adventum lūx vēritātis in mundō erat, sed Rōmānī amīcī Chrīstī et vēritātis nōn

erant. Chrīstiānī autem amīcī Chrīstī erant. Erant multī1 Chrīstiānī in imperiō Rōmānōrum.

Erant in portibus et in oppidīs prōvinciārum et in silvīs et in montibus. Erant in exercitū et in

equitātū et in senātū. Erant servī et mīlitēs; erant mātrēs et patrēs, Gallī et Rōmānī. Propter

metum autem Chrīstī, Rēgis, et propter nōmen Deī Chrīstiānōrum Rōmānī Chrīstiānōs

occīdērunt. Post caedem Chrīstiānōrum, Rōmānī nōn erant amīcī et servī Deī. Chrīstiānī autem,

quod Rōmānī Chrīstiānōs propter lēgem Chrīstī occīdērunt, nunc in Caelō sunt cum Marīā et

Chrīstō et glōriam Deī Patris vident.

1. What did Christ give men? ______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Did the Romans receive Christ's truth at once?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Were there many Christians in the Roman Empire? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

1 multi: many

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Exercise 67 cont. 4. Where were they to be found? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. What sort of persons were they? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. What did the Romans do to the Christians? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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(Note on exercise 68 and 69: There are no instructions on this passage so I consider it a reading. I have left blanks at the bottom though in case your parent-teacher wants you to translate it)

Exercise 68 (pg 61) [Essential] The Gauls were not friends of Caesar and of the Senate. Therefore Caesar came into Gaul with the calvary and the soldiers. The Gauls, however, on account of fear of Caesar, came into the forests and mountains. Caesar's army was in the forests of the enemy, and there were dangers. The Romans, however, made an attack upon the enemy. They killed the leaders and the leading men of the Gauls. They conquered the cavalry and the army of the Gauls, and fortified the harbors and the towns and the hills of Gaul. And so the Senate now praises Caesar on account of the fame of the war and the courage of the soldiers. On account of fear of the soldiers the Gauls are now friends and servants of the Senate. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

S1W5 Exercise 69 (pg 61) GOD IS EVERYWHERE "Deus spīrtus est." In Caelō et in terrā est. Mundum videt. Hominēs videt. Mīlitēs et nautās et servōs videt. Mātrēs et patrēs et frātrēs et fīliōs videt. Homines propter virūtem laudat sed propter caedem nōn laudat. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

END OF WEEK 5


LESSON 5: THE FIFTH DECLENSION (pg 62 - 63)


6 Lesson 5-6

69 #71-73, 75-78, 83.

62, 64

Assignment: Learn the declension of rēs, Grammar No. 69 and the rule for gender, Grammar

No. 70.

No. 69: The Fifth Declension

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative rēs The thing Subject

Singular Genitive r-eī Of the thing Possessive

Singular Dative r-eī To or for thing Indirect object

Singular Accusative r-em The thing Direct object

Singular Ablative r-ē By, with, from the thing

Plural Nominative r-ēs The things Subject

Plural Genitive r-ērum Of the things Possessive

Plural Dative r-ēbus To or for the things Indirect object

Plural Accusative r-ēs the things Direct object

Plural Ablative r-ēbus By, with, from the things

(Not Assigned in Challenge B)

No. 70: Gender: All feminine except diēs, diēī which is generally masculine. In the singular,

however, when it means a set date or a “period of time” even diēs is often feminine. Certain

nouns, such as fidēs, f., faith, have no plural forms.

Vocabulary (pg 62)

rēs, reī - thing, affair

fidēs, fideī – faith, reliability, faithfulness

aciēs, aciēī - battle line

spēs, speī - hope

posuērunt – they put, they placed

Note: When posuērunt is modified by an in-phrase, the in ALWAYS takes the ablative.

Related English Words: This is the real state of affairs. Fidelity to duty.

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Exercises 70 – 74 (pg 62 – 63) – Assigned #71 – 73

Exercise 71 (pg 62) Tell what forms these are;

Translate:

1. in aciē ______________________________________________________________________

2. propter fidem ________________________________________________________________

3. rēbus _______________________________________________________________________

4. propter spem _________________________________________________________________

5. propter rem __________________________________________________________________

6. rē _________________________________________________________________________

7. rērum ______________________________________________________________________

8. post aciem __________________________________________________________________

9. aciēbus ___________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 72 (pg 63)

Translate: 1. Mīlitēs in aciē erant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Rōmānī Chrīstiānōs propter fidem occīdērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Mīlitēs spem victōriae in virtūte posuērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. Rōmānī in aciem hostium impetum fēcērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Gallī aciem Rōmānōrum in colle vident.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. In Chrīstō est spēs mundī.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 72 cont.

7. Deus Chrīstiānōs propter fidem et virtūtem laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8. Mīlitēs rem vident.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 73 (pg 63) Translate: 1. Caesar was in the battle line.

______________________________________________________________________________

2. They praise the reliability of the soldier.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. The Senate does not praise the affair.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. The Gauls made an attack on the battle line of the Romans.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. They placed hope in God.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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LESSON 6: NOUNS WITH SPECIAL MEANINGS IN THE PLURAL (pg 64 – 69)

Vocabulary (pg 64)

SOME LATIN nouns are used mainly in the plural but with a SINGULAR meaning:

castra, castrōrum - camp

impedīmenta, impedīmentōrum - baggage, baggage train

Some Latin nouns have different meanings in the singular and plural:

grātia, ae – favor, influence, grace (in Christian Latin)

grātiae, grātiārum – thanks

cōpia, ae – supply, abundance

cōpiae, cōpiarum, f. - troops, forces (a military term)

Learn also:

posuērunt – they put, they places, they pitched (w. castra)

agunt – they give (w. grātiās)

Note:

1. Posuērunt means they pitched ONLY when it has castra for its object. Remember that

when an in-phrase modifies posuērunt, the in always governs the ablative.

2. Agunt means give ONLY when it has grātiās for its object.

3. Grātia is used in Christian Latin to mean grace, as in grātia Deī, the grace of God.

4. Silva, ae, as you know, means a forest; but it is generally used in the PLURAL and with

the SAME MEANING as in the singular, like the English word woods.

5. Recall that the English singular enemy is often translated by the plural hostēs.


A copious flow of water; gratitude; a gracious manner; a comfortable position.

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Exercises 75 – 80 (pg 65 – 69) – Assigned in Challenge B - #75 – 78

Exercsie 75 (pg 65) Translate: 1. Christians give thanks to God on account of the abundance of the grace of Christ.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. On account of fear of Caesar the tribes did not make an attack on the camp. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ 3. There was a supply of swords in the camp. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ 4. The commander in chief was in favor with the king on account of the victory. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ 5. They made an attack on the camp. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 75 cont. 6. The forces of the enemy were not in the province. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ 7. They put hope in the grace of Christ. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ 8a. There was war in Gaul on account of the slaughter of the leading men. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ 8b. Caesar came into Gaul with troops and cavalry and a baggage train. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ 8c. The forces of the enemy were on a hill. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ 8d. The Romans, however, pitched camp behind the hill. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ 8e. The Gauls on account of fear of Caesar did not make an attack upon the camp. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ 8f. The Romans, however, made an attack on the Gauls. ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 75 cont. 8g. The Gauls placed hope in the calvary, but the Romans killed the cavalry of the Gauls and captured (cēpērunt) the hill. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8h They captured the leaders and the camp and the baggage of the Gauls. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8i. After the war there was peace in Gaul and the Romans came into the province. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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LESSON 6

Exercise 76 (pg 66)

(Mrs. Craig’s note on exercise 76 and 77: There are no instructions on this passage so I consider it a reading. I have left blanks at the bottom though in case your teacher wants you to translate it)

A Roman army never spent a single night outside a fortified camp. Towards the end of the

day’s march, a detachment was sent ahead to mark out the site for the night’s encampment.

The plots assigned to the various divisions of the forces were indicated by colored flags. A

rampart was always erected and a ditch dug. The camp was generally square and had four

gates. The Roman legionnaire was as much a builder and a laborer as a fighting man. It was no

doubt partly to continuous training that he owed his remarkable steadiness and endurance in

the field. The camp depicted on page 67 of your text is rather more elaborate and permanent,

yet the nightly encampments were constructed in the same general way.

Castra Rōmānōrum __________________________________

Vidētis exercitum Rōmānōrum in castrīs. Vidētis mīlitēs et ducēs et imperātōrem. Vidētis gladiōs mīlitum. Impedīmenta nōn vidētis, sed Impedīmenta sunt in castrīs. In castrīs est cōpia omnium rērum. Mīlitēs castra in colle posuērunt sed nōn in silvīs. In castra agmen cum impedīmentīs vēnit. Hostēs autem impetum in castra fēcērunt, sed cōpiae Rōmānōrum hostēs vīcērunt. Nunc imperātor mīlitēs et ducēs propter virtūtem laudat, et ducēs propter victōriam grātiās

mīlitibus agunt. Propter victōriam imperātor in grātiam cum senātū vēnit.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 76 cont.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 77 (pg 66)

"VAE VICTIS!" ("Woe to the Conquered!")

12. Gallī erant hostēs Rōmānōrum. Itaque Rōmānī cum cōpiīs in Galliam vēnērunt et castra

posuērunt. In castrīs erant mīlitēs et equitātūs et servī et mīlitum impedīmenta. Cōpia

gladiōrum in castrīs erat. Erant aciēs in collibus et montibus et silvīs. Gallī in Rōmānōs

impetum fēcērunt; Rōmānī, autem, in Gallōs impetum fēcērunt. Rōmānī spem victōriae in

virtūte posuērunt; Gallī spem salūtis in virtūte posuērunt. Rōmānī, autem, Gallōs vīcērunt;

partem prīncipum et ducum Gallōrum occīdērunt; portūs et oppida Gallōrum cēpērunt (they

captured). Itaque, Gallī cōpiam gladiōrum et servōrum Rōmānīs dedērunt. Post bellum erat

pāx in Galliā, sed erant castra Rōmānōrum in Galliā et Galli servī Rōmānōrum erant.

Imperātor Rōmānōrum erat Caesar. Senātus propter victōriam et mīlitum virtūtem Caesarem

et exercitum laudat, et Rōmānī Caesarī grātiās agunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 77 cont.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 78 (pg 67)

Translate:

BROTHERS IN CHRIST

Propter Deī grātiam Chrīstiānī sumus. Itaque frātrēs sumus propter lēgem Chrīstī: “Estis frātrēs.”

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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REVIEW OF UNIT ONE

Exercises 81 – 83 (pg 70 - 71) - Assigned in Challenge B - #83

Exercise 83 (pg 71)

1. Translate

2. Explain the use of the italicized words.

1. Deus, Pater hominum, in Caelō est.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

2. Deus lēgem hominibus dedit.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

3. Propter salūtem hominum Chrīstus homō in terrā erat.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

4. Chrīstus est lūx mundi.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

5. Chrīstus, Fīlius Deī, est Rēx gentium et populōrum.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

6. Post adventum Chrīstī vēritās erat in mundō.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 83 cont.

7. Spīritus Deī in Chrīstō erat. ______________________________________________________________________________

8. Rēgnum Chrīstī est rēgnum Caelī.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

9. Chrīstiānī in nōmine Chrīstī ōrant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

10. Marīā in rēgnō Caelōrum cum Chrīstō glōriam Deī nunc videt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

11. Marīa, Māter Deī, est Porta Caelī.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

12. Caelum est praemium virtūtis.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

13. Deus fidem Chrīstiānōrum laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

14. Frātrēs estis.

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 83 cont.

15. Amīcus est amīcī servus.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

16. Mīlitēs pācem laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

17. Rōma nōn est in Galliā, sed prōvincia Rōmānōrum est in Galliā.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

18. Gallī Galliam incolunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

19. Nautae portūs vident.

______________________________________________________________________________

20. Rōmānī viās in prōvinciīs mūnīvērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

21. Chrīstiānī caedem prīncipum hostium nōn laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 83 cont.

22. Caesar imperium Galliae Gallīs nōn dedit.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

23. Imperātor clāmōrem et vōcēs hostium audīvit.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

24. Propter vulnera mīlitēs iter nōn fēcērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

25. Propter metum dux rēgem laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

26. Propter bellum erant mīlitēs et cōpia gladiōrum in oppidō.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

27. Hostēs in montibus et collibus erant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

28. Corpora mīlitum in silvīs erant.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 83 cont.

29. Partem equitātūs in flūmine occīdērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

30. Senātus et prīncipēs exercituī propter victōriam grātiās agunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

31. Rōmānī spem in virtūte posuērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

32. Caesar cum cōpiīs et impedīmentīs in castra vēnit.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

33. Propter grātiam Caesaris prīncipēs Gallōrum servōs Rōmānīs dedērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

34. Hostēs erant post aciem Rōmānōrum. Equitātūs, autem, in aciem vēnit. Itaque, Rōmānī

hostēs vīcērunt et occīdērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 83 cont.

35. In silvās Galliae Caesar vēnit. Prīncipēs autem Gallōrum rem vidērunt*. Itaque, impetum in

agmen Caesaris fēcērunt.

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ * vidērunt: they saw

36. Mīlitēs in acie ōrant quod in perīculō sunt. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

END OF WEEK 6



7 Lesson 7

72-76

#84-94.

73, 76, 78

UNIT TWO (pg 72 - 90)

LESSON 7: ADJECTIVES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS (pg 72 – 81)

1. THE DECLENSION OF MAGNUS, A, UM (pg 72-73)

Adjectives, like nouns, are declined in Latin. But they have THREE GENDERS and therefore

are declined IN EACH GENDER.

The adjectives are grouped into two main classes:

1. Those which use the endings of the FIRST and SECOND declensions.

2. Those which use the endings of the THIRD declension.

The adjective magnus, magna, magnum belongs to the first and second declensions. You

already know all its endings. See whether you can write out its declension without looking at the

Grammar. First study these hints.

1. The stem is magn- (magn-us)

2. The masculine is exactly like servus.

3. The feminine is exactly like terra.

4. The neuter is exactly like bellum.

5. Put the genders in three columns like this:

Masculine Feminine Neuter

magn-us magn-a magn-um

etc. etc. etc.

After you have written out both the singular and plural, compare with Grammar No 72. You now know

the declension of all adjectives in -us, a, um.

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Grammar No. 72: Adjectives in -us of the First and Second Declensions

Masculine

like servus

Feminine

like porta

Neuter

like bellum

Singular Nominative magn-us magn-a magn-um

Singular Genitive magn-ī magn-ae magn-ī

Singular Dative magn-ō magn-ae magn-ō

Singular Accusative magn-um magn-am magn-um

Singular Ablative magn-ō magn-ā magn-ō

Plural Nominative magn-ī magn-ae magn-a

Plural Genitive magn-ōrum magn-ārum magn-ōrum

Plural Dative magn-īs magn-īs magn-īs

Plural Accusative magn-ōs magn-ās magn-ā

Plural Ablative magn-īs magn-īs magn-īs

Assignment: Memorize the declension of magnus, a, um, Grammar No. 72

ADDITIONAL GRAMMAR ASSIGNED:

No. 73: How to decline an Adjective.

1. Learn the nominative and genitive(1) from the vocabularies

2. These show what model the adjective follows.

3. Add the endings of this model to the stem.

(1) The genitive of adjectives is not given in vocabularies when it is clear from the nominative, as in

magnus, a, um (stem, magn-)

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Vocabulary (pg 73)

magnus, a, um – great, large

altus, a, um – high, deep

bonus, a, um - good

longus, a, um - long

malus, a, um - bad

multus, a, um – much (pl. many)

sāntus, a, um – holy, saint

prīmus, a, um – first


The welfare of the people should be the primary concern of statesmen. The magnitude of the task.

Altitude.

2. AGREEMENT OF ADJECTIVES (pg 73-75)

Examples

magnum gentem, a large tribe(as object)

nautae bonī, good sailors

servōs, malōs, the bad slaves (as object)

in flūminibus altīs, in the deep rivers

In the first example:

1. Gēns is FEMININE (sox); therefore magn- has a feminine ending.

2. Gentem is ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR feminine; therefore magnam is in the ACCUSATIVE

SINGULAR feminine.

Explain the other examples in the same way.

RULE: Adjectives agree with their nouns in gender, number and case.

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Exercise 84 (pg 74) – Assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 84 (pg 74)

Translate

2. in altō flūmine _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. cum magnō exercitū _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. post magnum bellum _____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. cum sānctā Marīā _____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. in longā viā _____________________________________________________________________________________ 11. cum hominibus bonīs _____________________________________________________________________________________ 12. cum magnīs cōpiīs _____________________________________________________________________________________ 13. cum multis mīlitibus _____________________________________________________________________________________ 14. in magnō perīculō _____________________________________________________________________________________ 15. in altīs montibus _____________________________________________________________________________________ 16. cum homine bonō _____________________________________________________________________________________ 17. post longum iter _____________________________________________________________________________________ 18. propter multa vulnera _____________________________________________________________________________________ 19. cum servō malō _____________________________________________________________________________________

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THE POSITION OF ADJECTIVES (pg 74)

Examine the position of the adjectives in the exercise above (exercise 84 pg 74). Some follow the noun,

some precede. Those that precede are generally adjectives answering the questions How large? How

long? How high? How many? How small? These are adjectives of QUANTITY like multus and magnus.

RULE: Adjectives of QUANTITY generally precede their nouns.

Those that follow answer the question What kinds?, like malus, bonus, etc. These are adjectives of

QUALITY.

RULE: Adjectives of QUALITY generally follow their nouns.

Note: In Christian Latin sāntus generally precedes its noun:

Sāntus Marīa, Holy Mary

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Exercises 85 – 87 (pg 74 -75)

Exercise 85 (pg 74)

Translate

1. with many soldiers _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. in the high mountains _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. on account of the holy law of God _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. with a good man _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. large bodies _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. with the first Christians _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. bad laws _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. the deep rivers (as direct object) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. the long way _____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. on account of a great fear of the Romans _____________________________________________________________________________________ 11. great shouting _____________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Saint Mary _____________________________________________________________________________________

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1. Multī Chrīstiānī in prīmā aciē erant. (Why is aciē ablative?)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Sāncta Marīa ōrat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Longum agmen in altōs montēs vēnit. (Why is montēs accusative?)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Nauta malus nōn ōrat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Dux bonus magnam virtūtem mīlitum laudat. (Explain the position of bonus and magnam)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. In longō agmine multī mīlitēs et impedīmenta sunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 87 (pg 75)

Translate:

1. Good leaders praise peace.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. The bad kings killed many Christians. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The long column was in the forests, but the first battle line was on the high mountains. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. On account of the great fame of Rome, many men praise the laws of the Romans. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. There are large mountains and deep rivers in America (America, Americae).

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. We Christians are servants of Holy Mary. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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3. PREDICATE ADJECTIVES (pg 75 – 77)

Adjectives may modify a noun directly, as we have seen in such expressions as:

in altō flūmine, in the deep river

homō bonus, a good man

These are called attribute adjectives.

But adjectives may also be lined to their noun by means of a linking verb like sum, I am, as:

Deus est bonus. God is good.

Lēges sunt malae. The laws are bad.

Estis sānctī. You are holy.

Such adjectives are called PREDICATE ADJECTIVES.

The rule of agreement is the SAME for attributive and predicate adjectives.

Predicate adjectives are put in diagrams in the same way as predicate nouns.

Vocabulary (pg 76)

angustus, a, um - narrow

reliquus, a, um - remaining, the rest of

tūtus, a, um - safe

Rōmānus, a um - Roman

Chrīstiānus, a, um - Christian


Relics of the Saints; a good tutor.

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Exercises 88 (pg 76-77)- Assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 88 (pg 76)

Complete these sentences:

1. The way is narrow. Via est __________________________.

2. God is good. Deus est _____________________.

3. The soldiers are safe. Mīlitēs sunt __________________________.

4. The camp was Roman. Castra erant __________________________.

5. The soldiers were Christian. Mīlitēs erant ________________________.

6. The laws were bad. Lēgēs erant ________________________.

7. A part of the enemy was remaining. Pars hostium erat _______________________.

8. You are holy. Estis ___________________.

9. The river was deep. Flūmen erat __________________.

10. The Gauls were first. Gallī erant ___________________________.

11. He was holy. Erat ___________________________.

12. The victories of the enemy were not many. Victōriae hostium nōn erant ___________________.

13. We are safe. Sumus _________________________.

14. The Gauls' swords were large. Gladiī Gallōrum erant ______________________.

15. The leader was bad. Dux erat _______________________.

16. .The road was long. Via erat _________________________.

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Exercise 88 cont.

17. God is holy. Deus est ________________________.

18. The sailors were safe. Nautae erant __________________________.

“Salūs populī suprēma est lēx" – Cicero (Footnote on Cicero on page 77)

From this is derived the motto of the State of Missouri:

Salūs populī suprēma lēx estō.

( suprēmus, a, um – highest, estō – let...be)

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4. USE OF PRŌ (pg 77-81)

The preposition prō ALWAYS takes the ABLATIVE. In expressions of PLACE, prō means in

front of.

Prō exercitū, in front of the army

Prō, especially with nouns naming persons, frequently means on behalf of, for.

Marīa prō hominibus ōrat.

Mary prays for (on behalf of) men.

Prō rēge impetum fēcērunt.

They made the attack for (on behalf of) the king.

Vocabulary (pg 78)

prō, prep. w. abl. - in front of (before), on behalf of (for)

inopia, ae – scarcity, want

dominus, ī – master, Lord (In Christian Latin Dominus, Lord, is used when referring to God or

Christ. )

mūrus, ī - wall

frūmentum, ī – grain, (pl. crops)

legiō, legiōnis, f. - legion


Arguments pro and con; a dominating personality; mural decorations.

Glōria Patrī et Fīliō et Spīrituī Sānctō.

(Sit, be, is understood in the Latin. Supply it in the English translation)

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Exercises 89-94 (pg 78-81) – All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 89 (pg 78)

Translate

1. Legiōnēs Rōmānae prō castrīs erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Sānctus Marīa prō hominibus malīs et bonīs ōrat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Multī Gallī prō portīs castrōrum erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Prīncipēs prō mūrō altō erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Mīlitēs Rōmānī prō mūrō oppidī magnī castra posuērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Chrīstiānī prō amīcīs ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Prō rēge bonō mīlitēs impetum in hostēs fēcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 89 cont.

8. Erat magna inopia frūmentī in Galliā.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Reliquī mīlitēs Chrīstiānī in prīmā aciē prō silvīs erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Servī dominum bonum laudant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 90 (pg 79)

Translate

1. Erat magna inopia frūmentī in castrīs Rōmānīs quod Gallī Rōmānīs cōpiam frūmentī nōn dedērunt et frūmenta

in Galliā nōn erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Gallī nōn erant amīcī Rōmānōrum.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Itaque, Caesar cum cōpiīs et impedīmentīs in Galliam vēnit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Agmen Caesaris longum erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Via in angustīs et altīs montibus erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Itaque, Gallī impetum in longum agmen fēcērunt, sed Gallōs legiōnēs Rōmānae vīcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 90 cont.

7. Itaque, in oppidum tūtum vēnērunt reliquī Gallī.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Rōmānī, autem, castra prō mūrō altō posuērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Prīmā aciēs Caesaris prō castrīs erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Gallī autem propter magnum metum Caesaris impetum in castra Rōmāna nōn fēcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. Itaque, Rōmānī impetum in Gallōs fēcērunt et Gallōs vīcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. Multōs Gallōs et magnam partem prīncipum Galliae occīdērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

13. Post victōriam Caesaris erat pāx in Galliā.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 90 cont.

14. Itaque, Gallī magnam frūmentī cōpiam Rōmānīs dedērunt, et nōn erat inopia frūmentī in castrīs Rōmānīs.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 91 (pg 79) [Essential] Translate 1. In front of the large camp is a deep river. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

2. The walls of the town are high.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Caesar was a great general.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

4. There was a great scarcity of grain.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 91 cont.

5. There were many legions with Caesar in Gaul.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Holy Mary prays for men. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Christ the Lord prays on behalf of the world. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Roman slaves do not praise the masters. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. There are great crops in Gaul. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 92 (pg 80) [Essential Review]

1. Translate; 2. Explain the position and agreement of the italicized word.

1. Agmen longum erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Reliquī Gallī tūtī nōn erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Mīlitēs Chrīstiānī prō imperātōre bonō impetum in hostēs fēcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Via angusta erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Longum agmen in montēs altōs vēnit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Prīma legiō in aciē erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Magna frūmentī inopia in reliquīs gentibus erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 92 cont.

8. Hominēs malī prō reliquīs hominibus nōn orant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Sunt multa flūmina in Galliā.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Dominus, homō bonus et sānctus, servīs frūmentum dedit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. Legiōnēs Rōmānae in aciē prō mūrō altō erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 93 (pg 80) Add the correct endings to the adjectives in the following phrases and translate: 1. propter lēgēs mal_____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. cum ducibus bon______________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. propter magn_________________ metum

__________________________________________________________________________________

4. in magn___________________ lūce

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. prō rēgē Rōmān_____________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. prō hominibus bon___________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

7. cum mult________________ nautīs

__________________________________________________________________________________

8. propter vēritātem Chrīstiān__________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

9. propter magn_____________________ virtūtem

__________________________________________________________________________________

10. in castra Roman_____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

11. in long________________ viā

__________________________________________________________________________________

12. propter magn________________ corpus __________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 94 (pg 81)

Translate

1. cum Caesare, imperātōre Rōmānō

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. propter salūtem populī Rōmānī

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. in altīs montibus

__________________________________________________________________________________

4. post magnam caedem

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. propter multa vulnera

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. propter salūtem reliquārum gentium

__________________________________________________________________________________

7. pro Sānctō Nōmine

__________________________________________________________________________________

8. in alto flūmine

__________________________________________________________________________________

Sānctus, Sānctus, Sānctus, Dominus Deus exercituum!

(A title of God in the Old Testament)

END OF WEEK 7



8 Lesson 8 77-78 #96-103.

82, 85, 87

LESSON 8: ADJECTIVES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION (pgs 82 - 90)

1. THE DECLENSION OF GRAVIS, E (pgs 82 – 84)

The second group of adjectives contains all those that use endings of the THIRD declension. Most of these

adjectives are like gravis, e.

Assignment: Learn the declension of gravis in Grammar, no 78. Notice that:

1. The ablative singular ends in -ī .

2. The neuter plural nominative and accusative end in -ia.

3. The genitive plural ends in -ium.

GRAMMAR

No 77: Adjectives in -is, is, -e of the 3rd

Declension.

The most important kind of adjectives in the 3rd

declension has -is, us, -e in the nominative.

Gravis, e, - heavy, severe, serious is declined thus:

No. 78

Masculine Feminine Neuter

Singular Nominative grav-is grav-is grav-e

Singular Genitive grav-is grav-is grav-is

Singular Dative grav-ī grav-ī grav-ī

Singular Accusative grav-em grav-em grav-e

Singular Ablative grav-ī grav-ī grav-ī

Plural Nominative grav-ēs grav-ēs grav-ia

Plural Genitive grav-ium grav-ium grav-ium

Plural Dative grav-ibus grav-ibus grav-ibus

Plural Accusative grav-ēs grav-ēs grav-ia

Plural Ablative grav-ibus grav-ibus grav-ibus

RULE: All adjectives with -IS, -E in the nominative singular are declined like gravis, e.

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Vocabulary (pg 82)

gravis, e – heavy, severe, serious

brevis, e – short

commūnis, e – common

difficilis, e - difficult

facilis, e – easy

fortis, e – brave, strong

nōbilis, e - noble, renowned

omnis, e – all, every


Life is brief. The good of the community. Fortified positions. God is omnipresent. A grave matter.

Note: Remember that ALL adjectives follow the rule for agreement given on page 73.

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Exercises 95 – 97 (pg 83 – 84) – Assigned in Challenge B - #96, 97

Exercise 96 (pg 84) [Essential Review] Complete and translate. 1. Dominus Chrīstus, Rēx hominum, erat fort__________ et nōbil______.

_________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Spēs Gallōrum erat brev_______________. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Dux nōbil__________ in prīmā aciē erat.

_________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Prō castrīs mīlitēs fort___________ erant.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Omn____________ spem salūtis in virtūte posuērunt.

_________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Chrīstiānī in nōmine Chrīstī omn___________ spem salūtis posuērunt.

_________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 96 cont.

7. Propter rem grav___________ Caesar in Galliam vēnit.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Propter salūtem commūn_____________ omnēs Gallī in prōvinciam impetum fēcērunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Propter montēs et silvās via erat difficil________________.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Propter virtūtem Gallōrum rēs nōn erat facil______________.

______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

S1W8 Exercise 97 (pg 84) Translate. 1. The danger was serious. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. You are brave. __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. On account of the common salvation of men, Christ came into the world. __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The way was difficult. __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. All men praise great courage. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 6. There were strong soldiers and renowned leaders in the Roman army. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The journey was not easy. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 8. The mountains are large and high. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Every general praises courage and faithfulness. ___________________________________________________________________________________


10. Caesar was a great and renowned general. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 11. The victory was not easy. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 12. The route was short. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Roman swords were heavy. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 14. The affair was serious. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Christ is a noble lord and a brave leader; therefore, all good and holy men praise Christ the Lord. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 16. The Roman laws were severe. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 17. The long and deep rivers of America are renowned. (America, ae – 1st declension) ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

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2. ADJECTIVES GOVERNING CASES (pg 85 - 87)

He is eager for power.

Mary is full of grace.

The province is next to the Gauls.

In these sentences the prepositional phrases for power, of grace, to the Gauls, modify the

adjectives eager, full, next. These prepositional phrases which modify adjectives are often

translated into Latin by the genitive or dative or ablative WITHOUT A PREPOSITION. THE

PROPER CASE TO BE USED IS DETERMINED BY THE ADJECTIVE. Thus cupidus always

takes the genitve case. It makes no difference whether the English is eager FOR power or

desirous OF power – cupidus ALWAYS has the GENITIVE case. Likewise, fīnitimus, next (to),

always has the DATIVE. Plēnus, however, takes either the genitive or the ablative.

The sentences written above must be translated:

Imperiī cupidus est.

Marīa est grātiā (grātiāe) plēna.

Prōvincia Gallīs fīnitima est.

When an adjective of this kind is given in the vocabularies, it will always be followed by an

abbreviation to indicate the case to be used. Be sure to learn this when you learn the adjective.

Vocabulary (pg 85)

cupidus, a, um; w. gen – eager, desirous

plēnus, a, um; w. gen or abl. - full

fīnitimus, a, um; w. dat. - neighboring, next

similis, e; w. gen or dat. - like, similar

Note: These adjectives are sometimes used WITHOUT a modifying phrase as: gentēs fīnitimae,

neighboring tribes.


The cupidity of the miser; a plenary indulgence.

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Exercise 98 (pg 86) Translate.

1. Gallī glōriae cupidī erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Fīlius similis patris est.

____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Gallī fīnitimī erant prōvinciae.

____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Marīa est grātiā plēna.

____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Gallia plēna Rōmānōrum erat. ____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Oppidum plēnum erat mīlitum et gladiōrum.

____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Prōvincia plēna est omnium rērum bonārum.

____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 98 cont. 8. Caelum est plēnum glōriae Deī. ____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Cupidī sumus omnium rērum bonārum.

____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Fīnitimī Galliae erant.

____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Sānctī hominēs Chrīstō similēs sunt.

____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 99 (pg 87) Complete the sentences.

1. The camp is full of swords. Castra plēna sunt ________________________________.

2. The enemy were eager for victory. Hostēs cupidī erant _________________________.

3. The tribes were next to Gaul. Gentēs erant fīnitimae ___________________________.

4. The Gauls were not like the Romans. Gallī nōn erant similēs ____________________.

5. They killed the leaders of the neighboring tribes.

Ducēs gentium ______________________ occīdērunt.

6. A sailor is not like a soldier. Nauta nōn est similis _____________________________.

7. The Gauls are desirous of war. Gallī cupidī sunt _________________________.

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3. THE DECLENSION OF JĒSŪS (pg 87 - 90)

Vocabulary (pg 87)

Jēsūs, ū - Jesus

et. . . et - both . . . and

quid - what?

prīmā lūce - at dawn

urbs, urbis – city

pōns, pontis, m. - bridge

signum, ī - standard, signal, sign

eques, equitis - horseman (pl. calvary)

Note:

1. Quid is used in asking questions:

Quid est in urbe? What is in the city?

Quid vidētis? What do you see?

2. Lūce is the ablative of lūx; prīmā (from prīmus, a, um) agrees with it. Prīmā

lūce literally means with or at the first light; hence, at dawn.

3. The plural of horseman is horsemen, which is the same as cavalry; hence the

meaning for equitēs given in the vocabulary.

4. Jēsūs is declined:

Nom. Jēsūs

Gen Jēsū

Dat Jēsū

Acc Jēsūm

Abl Jēsū


The urban population; an equestrian statue.

Omnia prō Jēsū (Motto of the Bishop of Tucson)

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Exercises 100 – 103, Reading No. 3 (pgs 88 - 90) – All assigned in Challenge B


Nomen Jēsū est Sānctum Nōmen. Est nōmen nōbile et speī plēnum.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

In nōmine Jēsū omnēs Chrīstiānī ōrant; Jēsūm omnēs laudant;

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Jēsū omnēs grātiās agunt; Jēsūm omnēs in Caelō cum Marīā vident.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 100 cont.

In nōmine Jēsū prīmi Chrīstiānī Rōmānōs vīcērunt.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Propter Jēsūm Deus Pater prīmīs Chrīstiānīs praemium victōriae dedit.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Itaque Jēsūs Chrīstus est et Dominus et Rēx omnium hominum.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


1. Chrīstiānī et Jēsūm Chrīstum et Marīam laudant.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Rōma est urbs et magna et nōbilis.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Caesar et glōriae et imperiī cupidus erat.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 101 cont.

4. Prīmā lūce equitēs fortēs impetum in reliquōs hostēs fēcērunt.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Propter perīcula gravia et multa mīlitum vulnera Rōmānī iter breve in prōvinciam fēcērunt.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 102 (pg 89) Translate (see picture on text page 89 in purple Henle Latin)

Quid vidētis in pictūrā? In pictūrā vidētis agmen Rōmānum.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Agmen longum est, sed vidētis partem agminis.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Vidētis signa legiōnum et gladiōs mīlitum.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 102 cont.

Pars agminis est in ponte. Equitēs autem nōn sunt in ponte.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Vidētis imperātōrem. Prīmus vēnit.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ In agmine sunt impedīmenta.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ In impedīmentis est cōpia frūmentī et omnium rērum.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Vidētis urbem et mūrum altum.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W8 Exercise 103 (pg 90) Translate.

1. There are many bridges on the long and deep rivers of America*.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ *America: America, ae 2. The Roman soldiers killed many Christians on account of the name of Jesus.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. There are great and renowned cities in America.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Christians put all hope and faith in the Lord Jesus Christ.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Both sailors and soldiers praise God.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The city of Rome is large and renowned. (Do not use the genitive for of Rome; names of cities are put in

apposition to urbs.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 103 cont. 7. The general gave the signal at dawn, and so the cavalry made an attack on the enemy and killed a large part of the leading men of the tribe.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

8. You see the standards of the legions.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9. The wounds of the brave soldiers are many and serious.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

10. The enemy killed the Roman horseman.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 11. They fortified the bridges. _______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 12. What do the Christians praise? _______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ Reading No 3 is not printed in this workbook. See page 90 in your purple Henle Latin book.

Master Review Vocabulary No. 1 (Units 1 and 2) See Pgs 91 - 98

END OF WEEK 8



9 Lesson 9 (pg 99-108)

142-162 #104-105, 107-116 103

UNIT THREE (pgs 99 – 162)

LESSON 9: THE FIRST CONJUGATION (pg 99 - 119)

Introduction (pg 99-101)

If you closed your eyes and “tuned in” on all the conversation going on in a room between

classes you might hear something like this:

“He was running down the side line. . . dove for him but . . . saw a swell show last night at . . .

we're going over to Charlie's house tonight . . . did it in ten minutes . . . she said . . .don't care what . . .”

All are saying something and all, without realizing it, are using VERBS. We could not say

anything at all unless we had verbs. They are the strong words of language because they express

ACTION. And if you stop to think about it, they are amazing words of language because they express

ACTION. And if you stop to think about it, they are amazing words, grammar's quick change artists,

because in sentence after sentence they appear and reappear with different spellings and in different

combinations. Let us study their changes.

1. VERBS CHANGE THEIR FORM TO EXPRESS DIFFERENT TIME. (pg 99-100)

I played ball yesterday.

I am playing ball.

I shall play ball tomorrow.

In each of these sentences the verb expresses the same action (playing) but there is a difference in each

sentence. What is it? The action is shown as happening at different TIMES. Played expresses PAST

time; am playing expresses PRESENT time; shall play expresses FUTURE time. THE KIND OF TIME

EXPRESSED BY A VERB IS CALLED ITS TENSE.

In both English and Latin, verbs change their form to express tense.

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2. VERBS CHANGE THEIR FORM TO EXPRESS DIFFERENT PERSONS (pg 100)

I play ball.

He plays ball.

Again there is a difference between play and plays, but not in the time expressed. They are both

PRESENT tense. The change here shows PERSON. Play is used with the first person, I; plays with the

third person, he. (You cannot say “He play ball” unless you are a native of Borneo and speak pidgin

English.)

In both English and Latin, verbs change their form to express person.

3. VERBS CHANGE THEIR FORM TO EXPRESS DIFFERENT NUMBERS. (pg 100-101)

He plays ball.

They play ball.

Here the tense (present) and the person (third) are the same in both sentences. This change is to show

NUMBER. Plays is the third person SINGULAR (one); play is third person PLURAL (more than one).

In both English and Latin, verbs change their form to express number.

Verbs also have MOOD and VOICE, but these will be explained later. For the present we shall

study the indicative mood, active voice. You need only remember that the indicative mood is used in

ordinary statements and questions.

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1. PRINCIPAL PARTS: THE FIRST CONJUGATION (pg 101 – 102)

When we studied the nouns we saw that it was very important to know the GENITIVE because this case

gives us the STEM.

Now, the Latin verb uses SEVERAL stems, and to know these we must learn the PRINCIPAL PARTS OF

A VERB. THE PRINCIPAL PARTS are the four main forms on whose STEMS all the other forms of the

verb are built up. The principal parts of a regular verb are:

1. The first person singular

present indicative active: laudō, I praise

2. The present infinitive active laudāre, to praise

3. The first person singular perfect indicative active laudāvī, I praised

4. The perfect participle passive laudātus, having been praised

We saw that nouns were divided into groups called declensions. Now, regular verbs are divided into

FOUR main groups and these are called CONJUGATIONS. There is a MODEL verb for each group.

The conjugation to which a verb belongs is shown by the ending of the SECOND principal part, the

PRESENT INFINITIVE ACTIVE: laudāre.

All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in - ĀRE belong to the first conjugation.

Note: Most verbs of the first conjugation form their principal parts by changing the -ō of the first

principal part to -āre, āvī, ātus, thus:

laud-ō, laud-āre, laud-āvī, laud- ātus

par-ō, par-āre, par - āvī, par- ātus

GRAMMAR ASSIGNED – CHALLENGE B – SEMESTER 1 WEEK 9

VERBS

No. 142 Verbs have voice, mood, tense, number, and person.

No. 143 Voice. There are two voices: active and passive

No. 144 a. The active represents the subject as acting or being.

Lēgātum laudō.

I praise the envoy.

No. 145 b. The passive represent the subject as acted upon.

Laudor.

I am praised.

No. 146. Mood(1) - There are three moods: indicative, subjunctive, imperative.

No. 147. Tense (1) - There are six tenses: present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect.

(1) The meanings and uses of the moods and tenses must be learned from syntax.

No. 148. Number. There are two numbers: singular and plural.

No. 149 Person. There are three persons:

First (the one speaking - I, we)

Second (the one spoken to - you).

Third (the one spoken of - he, she, it, they)

No. 150 Conjugation consists in adding the proper endings to the proper stem to show the different

voices, moods, tenses, numbers and persons.

No. 151 - The Four Conjugations. There are four conjugations in Latin. They can be distinguished by

the endings of the present infinitive active.

1 2 3 4

-āre -ēre -ere -īre

laud-āre mon-ēre mitt-ere aud-īre

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No. 152 Principal Parts. There are four parts of the verb called principal parts because all the others

are formed on them or on their stems. These parts are:

1 2 3 4

Pres. ind. act. laud-ō mon-eō mitt-ō aud-iō

Pres. infin. act. laud-āre mon-ēre mitt-ere aud-īre

Perf. ind. act. laudāv-ī monu-ī mīs-ī audīv-ī

Perf. part. pass. laudāt-us(1) monit-us(1) miss-us (1) audīt-us(1)

(1) The perfect participle passive is given in the masculine in all verbes that use it in all genders;

otherwise it is given in the neuter (e.g. in intranstive verbs.) Some verbs have no perfect participle

passive; the future participle active is then given as the fourth principal part (e.g. haereō, haerēre, haesī,

haesūrus, 2, intr., 'cling')

No. 153 The present stem is found by dropping the ending of the present infintive active. On this stem

are formed: all present, imperfect, and future tenses; (1) the gerund and the gerundive.

laud-āre laud-

monēre mon-

mittere mitt-

aud-īre aud-

(1) Except the future participle active and future infinitive passive (see No. 156 and 158)

No. 154 The perfect stem is found by dropping the ending of the perfect indicative. On this stem are

formed; all perfect, pluperfect, future perfect tenses active.

laudāvī laudāv-

monuī monu-

mīsī mīs-

audīvī audīv-

No. 155 The perfect participle passive is used with forms of the verb esse to form the perfect,

pluperfect, future perfect tenses passive.

laudātus laudātus sum, etc.

monitus monitus sum, etc.

missus missus sum, etc.

audītus audītus sum, etc.

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Other uses of the perfect participle passive:

No. 156 1 The future participle active is formed by changing the -us of the perfect participle

passive to -ūrus.

No. 157 2. The supines are formed by changing the -us of the perfect participle passive to -um or to

-ū

No. 158 3. The future infinitive passive is formed on this stem by using the supine in -um with īrī

as a separate word.

Perf. Part. Pass. Fut. Part. Act. Supines Supines Fut. Inf. Pass

laudātus laudāt-ūrus laudāt-um laudāt-ū laudātum īrī

monitus monit-ūrus monit-um monit-ū monitum īrī

missus miss-ūrus miss-um miss-ū missum īrī

audītus audīt-ūrus audīt-um audīt-ū audītum īrī

No. 159 How to Conjugate.

1. The principal parts must be learned from the vocabularies.(1)

2. The present infinitive shows to which conjugation the verb belongs.

3. Find the required stems according to the rules given above.

4. Add the endings of the proper conjugation to the stem.

(1) But many verbs of the first, second, and fourth conjugations form their principal parts just like

laudō, moneō, audiō. These will be written in the vocabularies: pācō, 1, tr. 'pacify'. etc. The principal

parts of the third conjugation, however, will always be written out.

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THE FOUR REGULAR CONJUGATIONS

Model Verbs

Laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātus, 1, tr., praise

Moneō, monēre, monuī, monitus, 2, tr., advise

Mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus, 3, tr., send

Audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus, 4, tr., hear

ACTIVE VOICE

No. 160 Personal Signs of the Active

Singular Plural

First (I) -ō or -m (we) -mus

Second (you) -s (you) -tis

Third (he, she, it) -t (they) -nt

No 161 Exceptions: First and second person singular perfect indicative: laudāv-ī and laudāv-istī

Active Voice – Indicative Mood

No 162: Present Tense (present stem)

Singular - 1. laud-ō - I praise, I am praising, I do praise

2. laud-ās - you praise, you are praising, you do praise

3. laud-at – he, she, it praises; he, she, it are praising; he, she it does praise

Plural - 1. laud-āmus - we praise, we am praising, we do praise

2. laud-ātis -you praise, you are praising, you do praise

3. laud-ant – they praise, they are praising, they do praise

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Exercises 104 – 105 (pg 102) – All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 104 - (pg 102)

From this group of present infinitives, pick out the verbs which belong to the first

conjugation:

1. laudāre _________________________

2. monēre ________________________

3. pācāre _________________________

4. audīre _________________________

5. oppugnāre _________________________

6. dīcere _________________________

7. occupāre _________________________

8. mūnīre _________________________

9 parāre _________________________

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Give the principal parts of these first conjugation verbs;

occupō ______________________________________________________________________

oppugnō ______________________________________________________________________

ōrō _________________________________________________________________________

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2. PRESENT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF LAUDŌ (pg 102 - 105)

The PRESENT TENSE expresses action in PRESENT TIME. Study the meanings in Grammar No. 162.

No 162: Present Tense (present stem)

Singular - 1. laud-ō - I praise, I am praising, I do praise

2. laud-ās - you praise, you are praising, you do praise

3. laud-at – he, she, it praises; he, she, it are praising; he, she it does praise

Plural - 1. laud-āmus - we praise, we am praising, we do praise

2. laud-ātis -you praise, you are praising, you do praise

3. laud-ant – they praise, they are praising, they do praise

The PRESENT TENSE is always formed on the PRESENT STEM. The present stem is found by

dropping the ending – āre of the infinitive, thus:

Infinitive: LAUD-ĀRE Present STEM: LAUD

Assignment: Study the present tense of laud-ō with its meanings in Grammar No. 162. Notice the

following:

1. Except in the first person singular the ENDINGS BEGIN with a. (The first conjugation is

the A-CONJUGATION.

2. You know already that the Latin verb expresses persons (I, you, he-she-it, we, they) in its

ENDING. If you drop the a, from the endings you have the following table of FINAL

PERSONAL SIGNS

Singular Plural

1 (I) …. (we) -mus

2 (you) -s (you) -tis

3 (he, she, it) -t (they) -nt

(Generally, ō or m is a sign of the first person singular, I.)

3. The present tense has three forms in English.

1. You praise

2. You are praising (showing that the action is GOING ON)

3. You do praise (used 1) in questions: e.g. Do you praise? 2) for emphasis e.g. You do praise.

3) in negative sentences. e.g. You do not praise.

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ALL THESE are expressed in Latin by the SAME form: laudās.

Laudās. You praise.

Laudās. You are praising.

Quid laudās? What do you praise?

Laudās! You do praise!

Non laudās. You do not praise, are not praising.

Vocabulary (pg 103)

laudō, 1. tr., praise

occupō, 1. tr., seize

oppugnō, 1, tr., attack, assault

ōrō, 1, tr., beg, pray

parō, 1, tr., prepare, get ready

Note:

1. Whenever the principal parts are not printed in full in the vocabulary, the verb forms its

parts regularly like the model for its conjugation. Thus occupō is like laudō: occupō,

OCCUPĀRE, OCCUPĀVĪ, OCCUPĀTUS, 1. tr. IN ALL TESTS AND RECITATIONS

GIVE THE FULL PRINCIPAL PART.

2. The abbreviation tr. stands for TRANSITIVE and shows that the verb takes a direct

OBJECT in the ACCUSATIVE case. Always learn from the vocabulary whether a verb is

TRANSITIVE or INTRANSITIVE

RELATED ENGLISH WORDS:

He lauded the President's program. American soldiers occupied many islands in the Pacific.

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Exercises 106 – 109 (pg 104 – 105) – Assigned in Challenge B - #107 - #109

Exercise 107 (pg 104)

1. Tell what forms these are;

2. Give three English translations for each form:

1. ōrant____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. oppugnant______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. .occupās______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. ōrātis______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. ōrat______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

6. parāmus______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. occupat______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9 Exercise 107 cont. 8. occupāmus______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. ōrās______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

10. parō______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 108 (pg 104) Add the required personal signs: 1. They are preparing war. Bellum para_______________. 2. He is attacking the camp. Castra oppugna______________. 3. You do praise God. Deum laudā_________________. 4. They pray for (their) friends Prō amīcīs ōra __________________. 5. We prepare swords. Gladiōs parā ___________________. 6. I praise Christ. Chrīstum laud __________________.

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Exercise 109 (pg 105) Translate:

1. He is praying. ________________________________________________________________________________________

2. You are preparing. __________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What does he praise? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. We are praying. _________________________________________________________________________________________

5. They seize towns. _________________________________________________________________________________________

6. They are attacking the town. ________________________________________________________________________________________

7. They praise virtue _______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. He prepares swords. _______________________________________________________________________________________

9. She prays. __________________________________________________________________________________

10. What do they praise? _________________________________________________________________________________

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3. AGREEMENT OF VERBS (pg 105 – 108)

Marīa ōrat. Mary prays.

Rōmānī Caesarem laudant. The Romans praise Caesar.

The subject of the first sentence is Marīa. Marīa is third person and singular. THEREFORE the verb is

third person and singular. (Note the final personal sign -t)

The subject of the second sentence is Rōmānī. Rōmānī is third person and plural. THEREFORE the

verb is third person and plural. (Note the final personal sign -nt)

RULE: A finite verb agrees with its subject in PERSON and NUMBER.

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Exercises 110-116 (pg 105 – 108)

Exercise 110 (pg 105) 1. Add the required personal signs; 2. Translate.

1. Rōmanī Caesarem lauda_________________. _____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Caesar legiōnem prīmam nōn lauda______________. _____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Hostēs bellum para__________________. _____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Dux nōbilis urbem et portum occupa_______________. _____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Mīlitēs castra oppugna_________________. _______________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 111 (pg 106) [Essential] Pray Always! Translate.

Omnēs hominēs bonī ōrant sed hominēs malī nōn ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Chrīstiānī in nōmine Chrīstī ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Rēx bonus prō rēgnō et mīlitibus ōrat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ Dux bonus prō mīlitibus ōrat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ Et mīlitēs et nautae propter bellī perīcula ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ Et patrēs et mātrēs prō fīliīs ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 111 cont.

Fīliī prō patribus et mātribus ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ Amīcī prō amīcīs ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ Chrīstus prō omnibus hominibus ōrat. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ Cum* ōrāmus, Deum laudāmus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ *Cum is a conjunction here. Translate when. Omnēs Chrīstiānī Deum, patrem omnium hominum, laudant, quod multās rēs bonās hominibus* parat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ *When to will not translate the dative into good English use for. Mīlitēs post victōriam et salūtem Deum laudant; patrēs et mātrēs Deum propter pācem et fīliōrum salūtem laudant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9

Exercise 112 - (pg 107) [Essential] Translate. Rēgēs et ducēs malī bellum parant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Rēx malus, glōriae et rēgnī cupidus, gladiōs et legiōnēs parat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Castra gladiōrum et frūmentī plēna parat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Urbēs et oppida fīnitima oppugnat et occupat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Mīlitēs rēgis malī et silvās et collēs occupant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Cupidī sunt victōriae sed nōn pācis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Deus autem mīlitibus et rēgibus malīs praemia nōn parat!

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9 Exercise 113 - (pg 107) [Essential] Translate. Estis hominēs bonī.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Itaque pācem et virtūtem laudātis et prō omnibus hominibus ōrātis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Bellum nōn parātis quod nōn estis glōriae et victōriāe cupidī.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Urbēs fīnitimās nōn oppugnātis; _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ oppida gentium fīnitimārum nōn occupātis;

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ gladiōs et legiōnēs nōn propter bellum sed propter pācem parātis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9 Exercise 114 - (pg 107) Translate.

1. Chrīstiānī prō omnibus hominibus ōrāmus. (With what does Chrīstiānī agree?)

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Mīlitēs fortēs laudās.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Urbem nōn oppugnās.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Cōpiam gladiōrum parās.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Chrīstiānī Spīritum Sānctum laudāmus. (With what does Chrīstiānī agree?)

_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Hominem fortem et sānctum omnēs laudātis. (With what does omnēs agree?) _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9 Exercise 115 - (Pg 108) [Essential] Translate. 1. Roman generals praise the courage and reliability of brave soldiers. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ Brave Roman soldiers prepare a supply of swords.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ They storm cities and towns.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ They seize hills and mountains and bridges.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ They are the “bulwark (mūrus, ī) of empire.”

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ In the courage of the brave legions is all hope of victory and safety. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9 Exercise 115 cont. 2. You are all Christians. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Therefore do you all praise Jesus Christ, the Son of God, and Mary, the Mother of Christ. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ You pray for all men, for soldiers and sailors, for leading men and slaves. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ You pray in the name of Jesus Christ, and you praise the Father and Son and the Holy Spirit. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. We are praising Caesar because he is a great and brave general. (Great in this sentence does not mean large but famous or outstanding. Therefore it is not an adjective of quanitity here). _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The leader is attacking the camp. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. They are preparing war. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. We praise peace, but we do not praise war. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The leaders are getting grain and swords ready. (Are getting.. ready = one Latin word) _____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9 EXERCISE 116 (pg 108) [Essential Review]

1. Give the genitive plural of:

(a) collis _________________________________

(b) frāter _________________________________

(c) prīnceps _______________________________

(d) gravis _________________________________

2. Give the reasons for the endings you used in Question 1.

(a) ______________________________________________________________

(b) _______________________________________________________________

(c) _______________________________________________________________

(d) _______________________________________________________________

3. Translate; parse portīs:

Milites pro portis sunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________



10 Lesson 9 (pg 108-119)

142-164 #118-122, 125-127, 129-133 109, 112, 114, 117

4. IMPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF LAUDŌ (pg 108 – 112)

The imperfect tense of Latin expresses action as GOING ON in PAST time. For example: "I was eating

dinner between six and seven yesterday evening. " I could say "I ate dinner between six and seven

yesterday." but the very ate would not express the CONTINUANCE of the action. Was eating is

translated into Latin by the IMPERFECT TENSE.

ASSIGNMENT: Study the meanings given in Grammar No. 163 and learn laudābam etc. Note that:

1. The imperfect of a verb is formed on the PRESENT STEM.

2. The ending has the a of the first conjugation

3. The FINAL PERSONAL SIGNS are the same as for the present tense.

4. The ending contains a TENSE SIGN: ba (e.g. laud-ā-ba-t), which is ALWAYS THE

SIGN OF THE IMPERFECT TENSE (The Latin verb is thus a sort of CODE which you

learn to decipher.)


No 163: Imperfect Tense (present stem)

Singular - 1. laud-ābam - I was praising

2. laud-ābas - you were praising

3. laud-ābat – he, she, it were praising

Plural - 1. laud-ābāmus - we were praising

2. laud-ābātis - you were praising

3. laud-ābant – they were praising

REVIEW GRAMMAR – WEEK 9 - #s 142 - 162

S1W10

Vocabulary (pg 109)

pugnō, 1., intr. - fight

superō, 1. tr. - overcome, conquer, surpass

portō, 1. tr. - carry

numerus, ī - number

centuriō, centuriōnis - a centurion (note: A centurion was a Roman army officer in charge of 100 men.

The rank was similar to that of our captain)


He gave a large tip to the porter. Some boys are pugnacious by nature. Every century has its saints.

Roman numerals. Import and export taxes.

Related Latin Word: Oppugnō

S1W10

Exercises 117 – 123 (pg 110 – 112) – Assigned in Challenge B 118 – 122

Exercise 118 - (pg 110) Tell what these forms are; Translate.

1. portābat ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. ōrābant ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. occupābant ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. pugnābant____________________________________________________________________________ 5. laudābās_____________________________________________________________________________ 6. laudābat _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. superābant _________________________________________________________________________ 8. superābat __________________________________________________________________________ 9. laudābam __________________________________________________________________________ 10. laudābāmus_______________________________________________________________________ 11. pugnābat ___________________________________________________________________________ 12. laudābant ________________________________________________________________________ 13. portābant _________________________________________________________________________ 14. parābant _________________________________________________________________________

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1. Point out the imperfects by identifying the tense sign; (UNDERLINE)

2. Point out the third-person plural verbs by identifying the final personal sign; (CIRCLE)

3. Translate. NOTE: All Latin words which end in –nt are VERBS in the THIRD PERSON PLURAL 1. oppugnābant _________________________________________________________

2. portat_______________________________________________________________

3. pugnant _____________________________________________________________

4. parābat ______________________________________________________________

5. pugnat _______________________________________________________________

6. laudābant _____________________________________________________________

7. superant ______________________________________________________________

8. superat _______________________________________________________________

9. occupābat _____________________________________________________________

10. portant ______________________________________________________________

11. portābant ____________________________________________________________

12. laudās ______________________________________________________________

13. parāmus _____________________________________________________________

14. occupant _____________________________________________________________

15. ōrābat _______________________________________________________________

16. laudābātis____________________________________________________________

17. oppugnābat____________________________________________________________ 18. parābās ______________________________________________________________

S1W10 Exercise 120 (pg 111) [Essential] 1. Add the correct final personal signs 2. Translate

1. Equitēs fortēs cum magnō hostium numerō pugnāba_____.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Chrīstiānī Chrīstum, rēgem omnium gentium, laudāba______.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Centuriōnēs frūmentum nōn portāba_____.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Altus mōns collēs superāba______.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

5. Populus Rōmānus victōriās legiōnum reliquārum laudāba______.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

6. Chrīstiānī bonī prō frātribus ōrāba_____.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Equitātus Rōmānus Gallōs virtūte (in courage) superāba_____.

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Magnus centuriōnum numerus in prīmā aciē pugnāba _____.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10 Exercise 121 (pg 111) [Essential] Translate:

1. The slaves were carrying the grain into the towns.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

6. The Roman legions were fighting with the tribes of Gaul.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The cavalry were conquering a large number of Gauls.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. The centurion was fighting in the first battle line.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Caesar was overcoming the enemy.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10 Exercise 122 (pg 111) Identify the final personal signs; (CIRCLE) Translate.

1. laudābam _____________________________________________________________

2. portābat ______________________________________________________________

3. laudābātis ____________________________________________________________

4. ōrābat ________________________________________________________________

5. superat _______________________________________________________________

6. parābat _______________________________________________________________

7. portat _______________________________________________________________

8. superant_______________________________________________________________

9. oppugnābat____________________________________________________________

10. pugnābat_____________________________________________________________

11. laudābās____________________________________________________________

12. pugnābant ____________________________________________________________

13. portant_______________________________________________________________

14. occupābat____________________________________________________________

15. parābant _____________________________________________________________

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5. FUTURE INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF LAUDŌ (pg 112 – 114)

The future tense expresses action that WILL take place. Study the meanings in GRAMMAR No. 164.

Learn the model verb. You need not learn the meanings given in parentheses. Note that:

1. The future tense is formed on the PRESENT STEM.

2. The ending had the a of the first conjugation

3. The final personal signs are the same as for the present and the imperfect tenses.

4. The ending contains a tense sign, bi (e.g. laud-ā-BI-t) which is the sign of the future in the

FIRST and SECOND conjugations.

No 164: Future Tense (present stem)

Singular - 1. laud-ābō - I will praise (I will be praising)

2. laud-ābis- you will praise (you will be praising)

3. laud-ābit– he, she, it will praise (he, she, it will be praising)

Plural - 1. laud-ābimus - we will praise (we will be praising)

2. laud-ābitis - you will praise (you will be praising)

3. laud-ābunt – they will praise (they will be praising)

Vocabulary (pg 112)

dō, dare, dedī, datus, 1, tr. - give

vocō, 1. tr. - call

interim, adverb - meanwhile

mors, mortis - death

hīberna, hībernōrum – winter quarters

Note:

1. Dō forms its perfect stem differently from laudō. Therefore you must memorize the principal

parrts. It is also peculiar in this, that the a which begins the endings is short throughout the

indicative except in the second person singular present indicative active (dās).

2. Hīberna, like castra, is declined only in the plural.


A mortal wound. Some animals hibernate during the winter. A vocation to the priesthood.

Related Latin Word: Marīa vōcem Christī audīvit.

S1W10

Exercises 124 – 128 (pg 113-114) – Assigned in Challenge B - #125 – 127

Exercise 125 (pg 113) Tell what these forms are; Translate.

1. superābit ____________________________________________________________________

2. laudābō _____________________________________________________________________

3. dabō _______________________________________________________________________

4. parābunt ____________________________________________________________________

5. laudābunt____________________________________________________________________

6. occupābitis___________________________________________________________________

7. dabis ________________________________________________________________________

8. laudābis _____________________________________________________________________

9. pugnābimus__________________________________________________________________

10. laudābit_____________________________________________________________________

11. laudābitis___________________________________________________________________

12. vocābis______________________________________________________________________

13. laudābimus___________________________________________________________________

14. vocābunt______________________________________________________________________

15. superābit_____________________________________________________________________

16. pugnābunt____________________________________________________________________

17. dabitis________________________________________________________________________

18. vocābit _______________________________________________________________________

S1W10

Exercise 126 - (pg 113) [Essential] Translate

1. Omnibus gentibus Deus vēritātem dabit.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Interim imperātor centuriōnēs in hīberna vocābit.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

3. Deus hominēs sānctōs post mortem in Caelum vocābit.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

4. Prīncipēs reliquārum gentium propter mortis metum frūmentum Rōmanīs dabunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

5. Servī frūmentum in hīberna portābunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

6. Centuriō prīncipēs in hīberna vocābit.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10 Exercise 127 (pg 114) [Essential] Translate

1. We shall praise God in Heaven.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Bad kings will prepare for war. (Omit for in Latin.)

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. You will praise Rome. _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. I shall praise the Lord God of Hosts. (Hosts=armies.)

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. God will give great rewards to all good men. _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. Caesar will call the soldiers into the winter quarters.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10

Exercise 127 cont.

7. After the death of Caesar, the Gauls were servants of the Romans. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Meanwhile the centurion will call the legions into the battle line. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10

6. QUESTIONS (pg 114 - 116)

Vocabulary (pg 114)

ubi, adverb - where?

quis, pronoun - who?

quid, pronoun - what?

cūr, adverb - why?

locus, ī – (pl., loca, locōrum) - place

aliēnus, a, um - unfavorable, another's, foreign

Note: 1. The abbreviation adv. stands for adverb.

2. Locus becomes a neuter noun in the plural: loca. When locus is modified by an

adjective the preposition in may be omitted with the ablative case.

In an unfavorable place, locō aliēnō


The politician has alienated many of his friends. A local election. Some aliens are deported by

the government.

INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS AND PRONOUNS IN QUESTIONS (pg 115 -116)

Questions may be asked in Latin by using interrogative adverbs or pronouns just as in English.

Ubi es? Where are you?

Quis pugnābat? Who was fighting?

Quid parās? What are you preparing?

Cūr Caesarem laudās? Why do you praise Caesar?

S1W10


Exercise 129 - (pg 115) [Essential] Translate

1. Quis Caesarem post caedem prīncipum Galliae laudābit?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Cūr senātum vocās?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Ubi sunt hīberna hostium?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Quis Deum nōn laudat? _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Ubi sunt cōpiae Rōmānae?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Cūr locō aliēnō castra posuērunt? _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10

Exercise 129 cont.

7. Cūr urbēs aliēnās occupat?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Cūr gentēs aliēnae bellum parābant?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Cūr omnia loca occupābat?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10


1. Why were the soldiers fighting in an unfavorable place?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Who will surpass the great general Caesar?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. What were they preparing?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Who is seizing foreign harbors and cities?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Where will they fight at dawn?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. A man eager for fame does not praise another’s courage.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10


[Essential]

1. Translate;

2. Write Latin answers for all the questions to which no answers are given.

1. Cūr Deum laudāmus? _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Ans. Deum laudāmus quod Deus bonus est et Dominus Caelī et terrae. _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Cūr Rōmānī cum Gallīs pugnābant? _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. Rōmānī cum Gallīs propter caedem centuriōnum pugnābant.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Cūr Caesarem Rōmānī laudābant?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans.______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10

Exercise 131 cont.

4. Cūr Chrīstiānī Spīritum Sānctum laudant? _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans._____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

5. Cūr Chrīstiānī Marīam laudant?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans._____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

6. Cūr ōrāmus in nōmine Jēsū Chrīstī?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans._____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Quis magnam frūmentī cōpiam portābat?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. Servus magnam frūmentī cōpiam portābat.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10

Exercise 131 cont.

8. Quid parat dux bonus?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Ans. Dux bonus parat gladiōs et frūmentī cōpiam portābat.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

9. Quis prō duce bonō pugnābit?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans._____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Quis servum vocābat?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. Dominus servum vocābat.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

11. Quis erat imperātor Rōmānōrum in Galliā? _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans._____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10

Exercise 131 cont.

12. Quis magna praemia hominibus bonīs dabit?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________

13. Quid in bellō occupant ducēs bonī?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________

14. Quis est Chrīstus?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________

15. Quis ōrat prō omnibus hominibus?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________

16. Ubi nunc ōrat Marīa?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. Marīa nunc ōrat in Caelō.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10

Exercise 131 cont.

17. Ubi est Deus?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. Deus est in Caelō et terrā et omnī locō.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 18. Ubi Caesar pugnābat? _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________

19. Ubi sunt impedīmenta Rōmānōrum?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________

20. Ubi Deus praemium hominibus sānctīs post mortem dabit?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________

S1W10

7. THE INTERROGATIVE PARTICIPLE – NE (pg 117- 119)

When no interrogative adverb or pronoun is used, questions may be asked by putting the most

emphatic word (generally the VERB) first and adding – NE.

Was he praising Caesar? Laudābatne Caesarem?

Do you fight for the king? Pugnāsne prō rēge?

Were they friends of the Romans? Erantne amīcī Rōmānōrum?

Vocabulary (pg 117)

ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis - speech, prayer

semper, adverb – always

sīcut, conjugation – as

in prīncipiō – in the beginning

in saecula saeculōrum - world without end, forever

-ne - particupe used in questions

Note: Ōrātiō means prayer only in Christian Latin.

Related English Words: The priest reads the orations after the Kyrie Eleison.

Related Latin Word: Marīa prō omnibus hominibus ōrat.

Assignment: Review neuter nouns of the third declensiopn in the Mastery Review Vocabulary

(pages 91-98)

S1W10

Exercises 132 – 133 (pg 117- 119) – All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 132 -(pg 117) Translate.

1. Pugnābantne semper Rōmānī? _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Parābantne frūmentum post longum iter?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. Montēs et silvās et flūmina Galliae laudābitis.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. Pugnābantne in itinere Rōmānī cum Gallīs?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

5. Erantne post bellum multa corpora in flūminibus et silvis?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. Suntne impedīmenta et legiōnēs in agmine? _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

7. Laudābāsne nōmen Marīae?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10 Exercise 132 cont. 8. Propter vulnera longum iter nōn fēcērunt.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

9. Superatne exercitus Rōmānus Gallōs?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

10. Ōrābantne semper hominēs sāncti?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

11. Lēgem et vēritātem Chrīstī semper laudābō. _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Datne imperātor signum?

________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Dantne Rōmānī cōpiam frūmentī Gallīs post ōrātiōnem prīncipis?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

14. Vocābitne prīmā lūce centuriō equitēs? _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10 Exercise 132 cont. 15. Ōrantne Chrīstiānī in nōmine Chrīstī?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

16. Fēcēruntne semper Gallī impetum in agmina Rōmānōrum?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

17. Eratne magnus pōns in altō flūmine?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

18. Oppugnābantne Gallī hīberna?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

19. Victōriam et glōriam Chrīstī laudābāmus.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

20. Laudābatne imperātor centurīonem propter magnam virtūtem et multa vulnera?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

21. Dantne rēgēs magna praemia amīcīs?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10 Exercise 132 cont. 22. Occupābitne collēs?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

23. Interim, propter grātiam Caesaris, Gallī frūmentum in hīberna portant. _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

24. Ōrabatne nauta propter vulnerum metum?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

25. Parābatne dux frūmentum et gladiōs?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

26. Chrīstum, Rēgem glōriae, laudābimus.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

27. Quis loca occupābat?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

28. Pugnābatne equitātus in silvīs?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10 Exercise 132 cont. 29. Portābantne servī magnum gladiōrum numerum?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

30. Propter metum vulnerum et mortis, nautae et mīlitēs in bellō semper ōrant.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 31. Deus ōrātiōnēs multōrum Chrīstiānōrum audīvit.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

32. Pugnābantne equitēs locō aliēnō et angustō?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10 Exercise 133 - (pg 119) Translate 1. Do you always praise the names of Jesus and Mary?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Shall we praise God in heaven?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. Christians pray always, as Christ advised1 His2 friends.

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

1. advised: monuit 2. his: suus, a, um.

4. On account of the prayers of Christians, God will give grace to many men.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 5. On account of the general’s speech, the chiefs of the tribes will prepare (for) war. _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. In the beginning of the war the Romans were conquering the enemy.

_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________


7. Are there many long and renowned rivers in America1?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ 1. America; America, ae

8. Was the journey long and difficult?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

9. On account of the many serious wounds of the soldiers, the army made1 a short march into winter quarters.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 1. made: fēcit

10. Was the route full of dangers?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

11. Were the columns of Caesar safe in Gaul?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

12. Will God call all good men into heaven after death?

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10 Exercise 133 cont. 13. Was the place unfavorable?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

14. What were the Roman slaves begging (for)? (Omit for in Latin)

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Was there a large number of slaves in the Roman Empire?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________ 16. Were the Romans conquering all the tribes of Gaul?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________ 17. The slaves were carrying the body of the chief.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

18. Will American sailors and soldiers seize foreign harbors and cities?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________ American: Americānus, a, um 19. A Roman column was assaulting the camp.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Meanwhile, where were the remaining Gauls fighting?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

END OF WEEK 10



11 Lesson 10-11

(pg 120-127)

165, 168, 171, 123,

346 #135-140, 142, 144-145 120, 125

LESSON 10: THE PRESENT, IMPERFECT, AND FUTURE INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF

MONEŌ (pg 120 – 124)

The principal parts of regular verbs of the second conjugation are formed by dropping the -eō of

the first person present indicative and adding -ēre, uī, itus. (Note: when the verb is intransitive,

the fourth principal part ends in -itum.)

mon-eō, mon- ēre, mon- uī, mon-itus

hab-eō, hab-ēre, hab-uī, hab-itus

Many second conjugation verbs, however, are irregular in their principal parts. These will be

written out in full in the vocabularies and must be memorized. But the present infinitive active

ALWAYS ends in -ĒRE (with the first ē long!)

All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in -ĒRE belong to the second conjugation.

Vocabulary (pg 120)

moneō, 1, tr. - warn, advise

timeō, timēre, timuī, 2 tr. - fear

terreō, 2, tr. - terrify

habeō, 2, tr. - have

arma, armōrum – arms

Note:

1. Timeō has no fourth principal part

2. Arma is a neuter plural of the second declension.


A timorous soul; a timid person; rearmament

Now that you know the model laudō, moneō is quite easy!

1. Find the stem by dropping the ending of the present infinitive active, thus: monēre,

STEM: mon-.

2. Add -eō for the first person present indicative active.

3. For the other endings use the endings of the first conjugation but change the first a of the

endings to e

S1W11

ASSIGNMENT: Write out the present, imperfect, and future of moneō without looking in the

book. Then compare with the model, Grammar Nos. 165, 168 and 171. Learn the model.

No: 165 : Present Tense (present stem) : I advise

mon-eō – I advise, I am advising, I do advise

mon-ēs - You advise, You are advising, You do advise

mon-et - he, she, it advises; he, she, it is advising; he, she it does advise

mon-ēmus – we advise, we are advising, we do advise

mon-ētis - You advise, You are advising, You do advise

mon-ent – they advise, they are advising, they do advise

No: 168 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was advising

mon-ēbam- I was advising

mon-ēbas - you were advising

mon-ēbat – he, she, it was advising

mon-ēbāmus – we were advising

mon-ēbātis – you were advising

mon-ēbant – they were advising

No. 171: Future Tense (present stem): I shall advise

mon-ēbō – I shall advise (you shall be advising)

mon-ēbis – you will advise (you will be advising)

mon-ēbit – he, she, it will advise (he, she, it will be advising)

mon-ēbimus – we shall advise (we shall be advising)

mon-ēbitis – you will advise (you will be advising)

mon-ēbunt – they will advise (they will be advising)

S1W11

Exercises 134 – 143 (pg 121 – 124) – Assigned in Challenge B - #135 – 140, 142

Exercise 135 (pg 121) [Drill on Present Tense] 1. Tell what these forms are; 2. Give three English meanings for each form:

1. timet ______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. moneō _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. monēs _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. terrent _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

5. monētis ____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. monet _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. habet ______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. timent _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. monēmus __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. monent ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________


11. terret _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. habent ____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 136 - (pg 121) [Drill on Imperfect Tense] 1. Tell what these forms are; 2. Translate: 1.monēbant___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. terrēbat ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. monēbam __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. habēbant __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. timēbant ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. monēbātis __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. monēbāmus_________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. timēbat ____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. monēbās ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. monēbat __________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 11. terrēbant _________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 12. habēbat _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 137 - (pg 122) [Drill on Future Tense] 1. Tell what forms these are; 2. Translate:

1. monēbunt __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. timēbō ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. monēbis ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. monēbitis __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. monēbit ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. monēbō ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. habēbit ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. terrēbunt ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. timēbimus __________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 138 -(pg 122) Translate:

1. Timēs. ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Ducem monēbit. ____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Hostēs terrēbat. _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Frātrem monēbant. __________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Imperium habent. ___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Populum terrent. _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Partem habēbat. _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Equitātum timēbitis. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 139 - (pg 122) 1. Fill in the required personal signs; 2. Translate:

1. Clāmor hostium mīlitēs Rōmānōs nōn terr_______, quod Rōmānī fortēs sunt. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Multī hominēs in pāce fortēs sunt; in bellō autem hostēs timēbu______.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Servī propter metum dominum monēbu_________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Metus Deī hominēs malōs terre______.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Propter grātiam Caesaris Gallī Rōmānōs monēba______. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Omnēs hominēs vulnera et mortem time______.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Legiōnēs magnam armōrum cōpiam habēba________. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W11 Exercise 140 - (pg 122) [Essential] Translate:

1. Omnēs hominēs rēs difficilēs timent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Propter rem gravem centuriōnēs imperātōrem monēbunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Clāmor hostium locīs difficilibus et angustīs legiōnēs terret. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Rēx malus rēs aliēnās habet. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Populus Rōmānus perīcula gravia et rēs difficulēs nōn timēbat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Multae gentēs arma nōn habent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 142 -

[Honor Work]

PEARL HARBOR

The enemy were always preparing (for) war because they were eager for empire and fame and victory.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

However, they were fearing the American forces, they were fearing the American sailors and soldiers.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

American: Americānus, a um.

The leading men of the enemy were warning and terrifying the nation:

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

"The Amercians were eager for empire.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Americans: Americānī, Americānōrum

They have a large supply of arms and a large supply of sailors and soldiers.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


They will attack the harbors and the towns.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

And so we shall prepare a supply of arms and of all things.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

We shall fight with the legions of the enemy and we shall conquer."

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

And so they were preparing (for) war.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

In America, however, there was peace.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

America: America, ae.

The American people were not eager for war; the generals were not desirous of the glory of war.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

American: Americānus, a um.

Not many leading men were warning the Senate and the people.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


On December 7, 1941, the enemy made an attack on Pearl Harbor.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

December 7, 1941: ante diem septimum Idūs Decembrēs, 1941

Pearl: Margarītārius, a um.

They killed many sailors and soldiers. There was war!

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Now, however, we are conquering the enemy; we are terrifying the tribes of Japan.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ Japan: Japōnia, ae.

Brave sailors and soldiers are fighting for America.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

They are fighting in places unfavorable and fuill of great dangers; but they are eager now for

victoria, the reward of courage.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

They will conquer the enemy!

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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LESSON 11: PERSONAL PRONOUNS (pg 125 - 139)

1. Pronouns of the FIRST person are those which refer to the SPEAKER OR WRITER. In

English they are: I (ME), WE (US).

2. Pronouns of the SECOND person are those which refer to the person spoken TO. In

English they are: YOU (THOU, THEE, YE)

3. Pronouns of the THIRD person are those which refer to the person or thing spoken or

written ABOUT. In English they are : HE (HIM), SHE (HER), IT, THEY (THEM)

1. PRONOUNS OF THE FIRST PERSON (pg 125 – 127)

ASSIGNMENT: Learn the declension of ego, I, and nōs, we, Grammar No. 123. Study the

English meanings carefully.

No. 123:

First Person

Number Case Latin Translation

Singular Nominative ego I

Singular Genitive meī of me of myself

Singular Dative mihi to me to myself

Singular Accusative me me myself

Singular Ablative me (by, etc.) me (by, etc. ) myself

Plural Nominative nōs we

Plural Genitive nostrī

nostrum

of us of ourselves

Plural Dative nobis to us to ourselves

Plural Accusative nōs us ourselves

Plural Ablative nobis (by, etc.) us (by, etc.) ourselves

Footnotes:

mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc.

Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684)

Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)

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Vocabulary (pg 125)

ego, meī - I

nōs, nostrī - we

videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus, 2. tr. - see

saepe, adverb - often

Note: Videō forms its principal parts differently from the model moneō. Memorize all the parts

given here.


An inflated ego. Napoleon was egotistical. Visual aids. The shepherds saw a vision of angels.

ASSIGNMENT: Review the forms of sum, present tense, Grammar No. 346

No. 346 – Indicative Present


es – you are



estis – you are

sunt – they are

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Exercises 144 – 146 (pg 126 - 127) – Assigned in Challenge B - #144, 145 (#146 assigned in

w12)


1. Tell what forms these are; 2. Translate

1. videt _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. meī _______________________________________________________________________________

3. vidēbimus __________________________________________________________________________

4. ego ________________________________________________________________________________

5. mihi _______________________________________________________________________________

6. vidēbat ____________________________________________________________________________

7. nōbīs ______________________________________________________________________________

8. vidēbant __________________________________________________________________________

9. nōs _______________________________________________________________________________

10. vident ____________________________________________________________________________

11. vidēbit ____________________________________________________________________________

12. mē _______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 145 (pg 126) [Essential] An imaginary letter from a centurion named Marcus, serving with Caesar in

Gaul, to his mother. Translate:

Mārcus Centuriō Rōmānus Mātrī Salūtem Dat.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

Ego nunc cum exercitū in Galliā sum.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

Magnus exercitus in Galliā est quod Gallī cum Rōmānīs pugnant. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

Caesar, homō fortis, est imperātor omnium legiōnum. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

Caesarem ego laudō quod dux bonus est –

__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

Omnia* videt; omnia*parat.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Adjectives are sometimes used as nouns. Here Omnia means all things or everything.


Ego in periculō nunc nōn sum. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Nōs in castrīs sumus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Hostēs castra Rōmāna nōn oppugnant quod fortēs nōn sunt. _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Galba* mēcum in castrīs est.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

*Galba, ae: Galba (a Roman proper name)

Homō bonus est et mihi amīcus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Nōs saepe pugnābāmus cum Gallīs et superābāmus.

____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________


Itaque nunc multī Gallī servī sunt et nōbīscum in castrīs sunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Nōbīs frūmentum dant. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Impedīmenta in castra portant et multās rēs nōbīs parant.

____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

Post prīmam victōriam mē Caesar in castrīs propter virtūtem et fidem laudābat.

____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Prīmā lūce hostēs in nōs impetum fēcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

Et ego et Galba in prīmā aciē pugnābāmus, et multī Gallī nōbīscum pugnābant,

_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

sed nōs nōn terrēbant, nōn superābant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

Caesar nōs vidēbat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________


Itaque Caesar nōs propter virtūtem laudābat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

Magnam glōriam ego nunc habeō,

_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

Et post bellum Caesar mihi magnum praemium dabit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

Laudāsne fīlium? Valē!

_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

END OF WEEK 11



12 Lesson 11 (pg

127-139)

124, 128-129, 479,

127 #146-147, 150-155 128, 133, 137

2. PRONOUNS OF THE SECOND PERSON (pg 128 – 131)

ASSIGNMENT: Learn the declension of tū, you, and vōs, you, Grammar No. 124. Study the

English meanings carefully. Notice that the English uses the SAME forms for the singular and

plural while the Latin has different meanings.

No. 124

2nd Person Pronouns

Number Case Latin Translation

Singular Nominative tū you

Singular Genitive tuī of you of yourself

Singular Dative tibi to you to yourself

Singular Accusative tē you yourself

Singular Ablative tē (by, etc.) you (by, etc. ) yourself

Plural Nominative vōs you

Plural Genitive vestrī

vestrum

of you of yourselves

Plural Dative vōbis to you to yourselves

Plural Accusative vōs you yourselves

Plural Ablative vōbis (by, etc.) you (by, etc.) yourselves

Footnotes:

mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc.

Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684)

Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)

S1W12

Vocabulary (pg 128)

tū, tuī - you (sing)

vōs, vestrī - you (pl.)

teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, 2., tr. - hold

moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus, 2., tr. - move

tamen, adverb - nevertheless

neque, conj. - nor, and...not


Napoleon possessed a tenacious and indomitable wall. Motion pictures.

Review Vocabulary

imperātor, imperātōris - commander in chief, general, emperor (Note: Imperator in non-

military languageis to be translated as emperor)

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Exercises 147 – 149 (pg 128 - 131) – Assigned in Challenge B - #146 (pg 127), 147

Exercise 146 - (pg 127) 1. Express all the italicized pronouns; 2. Translate: 1. He is warning me. ____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. We shall warn the Senate and the leading men. ____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. I am seizing the hill, but Caesar is seizing the bridge. ________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. He sees us. _________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. I praise the Holy Spirit. ________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. They are fighting on my behalf. _________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. He is fighting with me. ________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


8. The Gauls were giving us rewards. _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Will he give me a reward? ______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. They were fighting with us. ___________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. The Christians are praying for me. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Holy Mary prays for us. ______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

13. We shall see the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit in heaven. ____________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

14. Many brave soldiers are fighting with me. ________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

15. Does God give us grace? _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W12


1. Translate; 2. Express the italicized pronouns.

1. I shall give you (sing.) a reward. ________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The Lord fights for you (pl.). ____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. God will give you (pl.) a reward, heaven. __________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. I was warning you (sing.). ______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. The master is calling you (sing.). ________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. The Lord is with you (sing.). _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. You (pl.) will praise the victory of Christ. __________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


8. You (sing.) will warn the leader. _________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Does the fear of death move you (sing.)? _________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. We shall pray for you (pl.). ____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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3. PRONOUNS OF THE THIRD PERSON (pg 132 – 135)

When used as the personal pronoun of the third person, īs, ea, id, has the meaning he, she, or it.

Since Latin pronouns must agree in GENDER and NUMBER with the Latin words to which they

refer, a masculine or feminine Latin form is often translated by the English it.

He saw the army and feared it. Vīdit exercitum et timuit eum.

Assignment: Learn the declension of is, ea, id, he, she, it and eī, eae, ea they, those. Grammar

Nos. 128 – 129. Study the English meanings carefully. Note that the plural can be formed by

adding the endings of māgnī, ae, a to the stem e-. Study the rule for agreement of pronouns in

Grammar No. 479.

No. 128 B. Non-reflexive

Masc Fem Neuter

Sing Nom is he ea she id it

Sing Gen ējus of him

his

ējus of her

her

ējus of it

its

Sing Dat eī to or for

him

eī to or for

her

eī to or for it

Sing Acc eum him eam her id it

Sing Abl. eō (by, etc)

him

eā (by, etc)

her

eō (by, etc) it

Pl Nom eī they eae they ea they (those things)

Pl Gen eōrum of them

their

eārum of them

their

eōrum of them

their

Pl Dat eīs to or for

them

eīs to or for

them

eīs to or for them

Pl Acc eōs them eās them ea them (those things)

Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc)

them

eīs (by, etc)

them

eīs (by, etc) them

No. 129 Note: 1. The meanings given for the masculine and feminine of is, ea, id hold only

when the pronouns refers to PERSONS. Otherwise all forms are translated as in the neuter.

Urbem cēpit. Posteā eam incendit. He took the city,. Afterwards, he burned it.

No 479

A pronoun agrees with the word to which it refers, in gender and number; its case depends on its

use in sits own clause.

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Vocabulary (pg 133)

ia, ea, id he, she, it

sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus, 2., tr. - sustain, withstand

fīnēs, fīnium, m. - territory

Note: Fīnēs is a plural noun of the third declension.

Related Latin words:

Teneō, fīnitimus.

Exercises 150 – 152 (pg 133 – 135) – Assigned in Challenge B – ALL


1. Tell what forms these are; 2. Translate:

1. sustinēbat __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. sustinet ____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. vidēbat ____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. habēbant ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. sustinēbant _________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. sistinēbit ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. sustinent ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. habēmus ___________________________________________________________________________

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[Essential]

1. Translate;

2. Point out the words to which the italicized pronouns refer and explain the agreement: 1. Caesarem laudābās. Itaque is tibi praemium dabit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Caesar agmen hostium nōn videt. Monēbisne eum?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Marīa sāncta erat. Itaque Deus eī praemium dedit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Hostēs in hīberna impetum fēcērunt. Mīlitēs autem fortēs impetum eōrum sustinēbant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Marīa est Māter Deī. Itaque eam Chrīstiānī laudāmus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Amīcus est in perīculō. Itaque prō eō ōrābimus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


7. Hostēs oppidum occupant. Tenēbuntne id?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Hostēs bellum parant, sed impetum eōrum sustinēbimus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Caesar ducēs Gallōrum in hīberna vocat; sed eī nōn sunt amīcī senātūs et populī Rōmānī.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10a. Mātrēs bonae sunt. Virtūs eārum magna est. Nōs eās semper laudāmus, et Deus eīs magna praemia dabit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. Caesar est imperātor Rōmānus, sed senātus virtūtem ējus nōn laudat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Caesar oppidum Gallōrum occupābit, sed tū eōs nōn monēbis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

13. Multī hominēs sāncti sunt. Eīs Deus praemia dabit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

14. Chrīstus est fīlius Marīae et nunc in Caelō cum eā est.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

15. Mīlitēs semper in perīculō sunt. Itaque prō eīs ōrāmus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

16. Caesar in castrīs est. Eī servus gladium dat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 17a. Omnēs Gallī in armīs sunt. Spem victōriae in virtūte posuērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

17b. Equitēs eōrum fortēs sunt. Cōpia frūmentī in oppidīs eōrum est.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 17c. Et pontēs et collēs tenent. Ea Caesar audīvit; eōs tamen nōn timet. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 152 - (pg 134) 1. Translate; 2. Express all the italicized pronouns: Warning. Remember that the pronoun must agree in gender and number with the Latin word to which it refers.

1. The Senate praises Caesar because he fights for the Roman people in the territory of the Gauls.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. The roads are good. The Romans constructed them.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Caesar was fighting with the Gauls in their territory. He was seizing their towns and cities. The Gauls were not withstanding his attacks.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


4. We praise Christ and Mary, His mother. She was holy. God gave her a great reward. All holy men will see her and her Son in heaven. They will all pray with her for us.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5 The Gauls were not friends of the Romans. The Gauls were not giving them grain, and they were not praising them. The Gauls were fighting with them.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Christ is the light of the world and the salvation of all men. We praise Him now on earth, . and with Him we shall praise God in heaven forever.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


7. We praise the Roman legions on account of their victories. They were fighting for the Senate and the Roman people. The Gauls were fighting with them but they conquered the Gauls. Caesar was their commander in chief and was praising them on account of their courage and reliability. Therefore the Senate gave them great rewards.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. The enemy are carrying grain and arms into the town. Will they hold it?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. The Gauls are preparing a camp. In it they will fight for the common welfare of Gaul. Nevertheless they will not hold it. Caesar will overcome them and seize it.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W12 Exercise 152 cont. 10 The winter quarters of the Romans were in the territory of the enemy. The enemy were attacking and were seizing them.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. The Gauls often made an attack on the Roman columns, but the Romans were withstanding their attacks.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W12

4. DIRECT REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS (pg 135 – 139)

We pray for OURSELVES.

A good man does not praise HIMSELF.

In these sentences the pronoun himself and ourselves REFER BACK to the subject; that is, they

stand for the SAME person (or persons) as the SUBJECT.

A PRONOUN THAT REFERS BACK TO THE SUBJECT OF ITS OWN CLAUSE IS

CALLED A DIRECT REFLEXIVE.

The oblique cases (the genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative) of the regular pronouns which

you have learned, ego, nōs, tū, vōs, are used as the DIRECT REFLEXIVES of the FIRST and

SECOND persons.

We pray for ourselves. Prō nōbis ōrāmus.

But when a pronoun of the THIRD PERSON refers back to the subject of its own clause, the

proper form of suī must be used instead of is, ea, id.

A good man does not praise himself. Homō bonus sē nōn laudat.

Assignment: Learn the declension of suī, Grammar No. 127. Notice that each form can mean

himself, herself, itself or themselves according to the MEANING of the word to which it refers.

Personal Pronouns of the 3rd Person

No. 127 a) Reflexive

Nom. …........... …..............

Gen suī of himself, herself, itself, themselves

Dat. sibi to himself, herself, itself, themselves

Acc sē (sēsē) himself, herself, itself, themselves

Abl sē (sēsē) (by, etc.) himself, herself, itself, themselves

Eī sē laudābant. They were praising themselves.

Marīa sē nōn laudat. Mary does not praise herself.

Caesar sē laudābat. Caesar was praising himself.

Legiō sē laudābat. The legion was praising itself.

S1W12

Vocabulary (pg 137)

suī - himself, herself, itself, themselves

etiam, adv. - also

enim, conj., postp. - for

Exercises 153 – 155 (pg 137 – 139) – All Assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 153 - (pg 137) Translate.

1. We often pray for ourselves.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. He prays for himself.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. You pray for yourself.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. They pray for themselves.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. They praise him. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. The legion prays for itself.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W12 Exercise 153 cont. 7. I pray for myself.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. He sees them.

____________________________________________________________________________________

9. You pray for yourselves.

____________________________________________________________________________________

10. She does not praise him.

____________________________________________________________________________________

11. She prays for herself.

____________________________________________________________________________________

12. We have the grace of God in us.

____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W12

Exercise 154 - pg 137 [Essential] Translate.

1. Holy men do not praise themselves.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Mothers praise not themselves but their sons. (Omit their in translating.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Men often do not see themselves as we see them.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Christians often pray for themselves and for all men. For God gives them and all men grace on account of their prayers.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Caesar was not praising himself.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. The legion also was praising itself.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


7. Now Mary does not pray for herself but for us, for she is in heaven and is also the mother of all men.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. The Gauls often killed themselves after the victories of the Romans.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


VIRTUS ROMANA ET VIRTUS CHRISTIANA

The Romans had many virtues and the best of the Romans were upright and idealistic men.

Among these was the famous Roman orator and politician, Marcus Tullius Cicero. But they were not

Christians and therefore the great Christian virtue of humility was unknown to them. They did not, of

course, have our personal devotion to Christ nor our loving submission to in God. Their ideal was a

natural one, good in many ways, but far inferior to the supernatural ideal which shines forth in our

Master and our Model, Jesus Christ.

1. Translate;

2. Point out the words to which the italicized pronouns refer and explain your translation of these

pronouns: Mārcus Tullius Cicerō, ōrātor* magnus et bonus,

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*ōrātor, ōrātōris: an orator


vēritātem et virtūtem saepe laudābat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Dē* virtūte “Virtūs propter sē,” inquit**, “laudātur***.”

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*de, prep w/ abl. : concerning

**inquit: he said

*** laudātur: is praised

In ōrātiōnibus hominēs bonōs saepe laudābat,

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

malōs autem nōn laudābat. Multa perīcula sustinēbat;

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

mortem et gladiōs nōn timēbat;

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

nōmen populī Rōmānī semper laudābat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


Cicerō tamen Chrīstiānus nōn erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(Post ējus mortem Chrīstus in terram vēnit.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Itaque Cicerō, glōriae cupidus, sē saepe laudābat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Omnēs Rōmānī saepe sē laudābant. Senātus sē laudābat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Etiam imperātōrēs et ducēs Rōmānī sē laudābant. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Hominēs sānctī autem nōn sē sed Deum landant,

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

sīcut Marīa, Māter omnium Chrīstiānōrum, sē nōn laudābat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


Ea post Annuntiātiōnem* ōrābat: _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

* Annuntiātiō, Annuntiātiōnis: the Annunciation by the Angel Gabriel

Magnificat* anima mea** Dominum….

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*Magnificat – doth magnify; **anima mea – my soul

quia* fēcit** mihi magna….

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ *quia = quod ** fēcit – he has done Et sānctum nōmen ējus (est).

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Cicerō et omnēs Rōmānī spem in sē posuērunt. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Chrīstiānī autem spem nōn in sē sed in grātiā Chrīstī pōnunt.*

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*pōnunt – place Cicerō multa et gravia perīcula sustinēbat

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


quod et bonus erat et glōriae cupidus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Chrīstiānī autem perīcula sustinent quod Chrīstum sēcum habent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Chrīstiānī enim Jēsūm Chrīstum in sē “portant.”

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ Itaque nōmen Chrīstiānōrum erat etiam “Chrīstophorī.”*

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*Christophorus is from a Greek word meaning “Christ-bearer.” Our name Christopher is derived from

this.

END OF WEEK 12



13 Lesson 12 166, 169, 172 #158-160, 162-165, 167-168 140, 141, 143, 145

LESSON 12: PRESENT SYSTEM ACTIVE OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION (pg 140-

146)

1. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION (pg 140)

The principal parts of verbs of the third conjugation must be memorized from the vocabularies.

There is no general rule for their formation.

The present infinitive active, however, always ends in -ere (with the first e short!) This is the

sign of the third conjugation. How then can you tell the difference between the second and the

the third conjugation?

Exercise 156 (pg 140) – not assigned in Challenge B

2. PRESENT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF MITTŌ (pg 140 – 142)

Assignment: Study the model for the present indicative active in Grammar No. 166. Note that:

1. The final personal signs are the same as for the other conjugations.

2. The third person plural has U in the ending.


No: 166 : Present Tense (present stem) : I send

mitt-eō – I send, I am sending, I do send

mitt-is – you send, you are sending, you do send

mitt-it – he, she, it sends; he, she, it is sending; he, she, it does send

mitt-imus – we send, we are sending, we do send

mitt-itis – you send, you are sending, you do send

mitt-unt – they send, they are sending, they do send

S1W13

Vocabulary (pg 140-141)

dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus, 3, tr. - lead, guide

gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus, 3. tr. - carry, carry on, wage (w. bellum)

dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus, 3. tr. - defend

īnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctus, 3. tr. - draw up, equip

mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus, 3, tr – send

fortiter, adv. - bravely, strongly


What is the difference between a missive and a missle? It is safer to build viaducts over railroad

tracks. St. Francis Xavier was a great Catholic missionary. St. Francis Borgia wa the Duke of

Gandia before he became a Jesuit.

Related Latin Words:

Chrīstus est dux omnium hominum. Caesar erat fortis.

S1W13

Exercises 157 – 160 (pg 141-142) – Assigned in Challenge B – 158 – 160

Exercise 158 - (pg 141) 1. Pick out the third person plural by the final personal signs; (CIRCLE) 2. Translate.

1. dēfendunt _______________________________________________________________________

2. mittis___________________________________________________________________________

3. dēfendit_________________________________________________________________________

4. mittunt__________________________________________________________________________

5. dūcunt __________________________________________________________________________

6. mittit____________________________________________________________________________

7. gerunt____________________________________________________________________________

8. dūcit_____________________________________________________________________________

9. īnstruit___________________________________________________________________________

10. dēfendimus______________________________________________________________________

11. mittō__________________________________________________________________________

12. gerit__________________________________________________________________________

13. mittimus________________________________________________________________________

14. īnstruunt_______________________________________________________________________

15. mittitis_________________________________________________________________________

16. dēfendis_______________________________________________________________________ 17. dūcimus________________________________________________________________________

18. geris___________________________________________________________________________

S1W13

Exercise 159 - (pg 142) [Essential] A short short-story – A Roman “Spotter”

1. Mīles Rōmānus hostēs videt. Hostēs autem eum nōn vident.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Mīles servum in castra mittit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Servus Caesarem in castrīs monet. “Hostēs in flūmine sunt; perīculum nōbīs est!”

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar ducēs et centuriōnēs vocat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Centuriōnēs mīlitēs vocant. Eōs prō castrīs īnstruunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Caesar mīlitēs dūcit. “Hostēs nōs terrēbimus! Fortiter pugnābimus!”

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


7. Interim hostēs mīlitem Rōmānum vident. Is autem sē fortiter dēfendit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

8a. Vident hostēs legiōnem et Caesarem. Metus Caesaris eōs terret. “Caesar est! Superābit nōs! Perīculum est!” Prīncipēs hostium cōpiās īnstruunt. Sē dēfendunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Rōmānī rem fortiter gerunt et hostēs superant. Hostēs sē Caesarī dant. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Caesar mīlitēs et hostēs in castra dūcit; omnēs mīlitēs īnstruit et laudat. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

S1W13 Exercise 160 [Essential] Translate. 1. The Roman legions defend themselves bravely because they are eager for the glory of war.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Caesar is leading the army into the territory of the enemy; the enemy sees and fears him.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. The Romans always wage war bravely with the enemy.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The centurion is drawing up the legion in front of the wall.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Does he send centurions to the neighboring tribes? _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


6. Caesar carries a sword.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

7. The Romans often carry on war with the neighboring peoples and tribes.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Is the slave guiding the column into a narrow and difficult place?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

9. The general is strongly warning the Senate.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

10. The king is equipping an army; we, however, shall conquer him and his army.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W13

3. IMPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF MITTŌ (pg 143 – 145)

The endings of the imperfect in the third conjugation are EXACTLY like those of the SECOND

conjugation.

ASSIGNMENT: Learn the model, Grammar No. 169

No: 169 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was sending

mitt-ēbam – I was sending

mitt-ēbās – you were sending

mitt-ēbat – he, she, it was sending

mitt-ēbāmus – we were sending

mitt-ēbātis – you were sending

mitt-ēbant – they were sending

Vocabulary (pg 143)

vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus, 3. tr. - conquer

petō, petere, petīvī, petītus, 3. tr. - seek, beg, request

pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus, 3. tr. - drive, repulse, rout

litterae, litterārum – letter (i.e. an epistle) , dispatch

Note: Litterae is a plural noun of the first declension ( like cōpiae)

Related English Words: A petition presented to Congress; a victorious general

Related Latin Word: Imperātōrēs propter victōriās laudāmus.

S1W13

Exercises 161 – 165 (pg 143-145) – Assigned in Challenge B - #162 – 165

Exercise 162 - (pg 143) 1. Pick out the third person singular forms by the final personal signs; 2.Translate. 1. pellit _____________________________________________________________________________

2. gerēbant ___________________________________________________________________________

3. īnstruēbat__________________________________________________________________________

4. vincēbant__________________________________________________________________________

5. petēbant__________________________________________________________________________

6. pellunt____________________________________________________________________________

7. petunt_____________________________________________________________________________

8. pellēbam __________________________________________________________________________

9. mittēbās___________________________________________________________________________

10. mittēbāmus_______________________________________________________________________

11. pellēbant_________________________________________________________________________

12. dūcēbat___________________________________________________________________________

13. mittēbat__________________________________________________________________________

14. mittēbam_________________________________________________________________________

15. petēbat___________________________________________________________________________

16. mittēbant_________________________________________________________________________

17. vincunt__________________________________________________________________________ 18. mittēbātis_________________________________________________________________________

18. vincit ___________________________________________________________________________

19. dūcēbant__________________________________________________________________________


20. gerēbat___________________________________________________________________________

21. vincēbat_________________________________________________________________________

22. īnstruēbant_______________________________________________________________________

23. pellitis____________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 163 - (pg 144) 1. Add the correct final personal signs to the verbs; 2. Translate.

1. Gallī bellum cum Rōmānīs gerēba__________ sed eōs nōn vincēba__________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Gallī post victōriam Caesaris pācem petēba___________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Chrīstus mundum vinci__________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Ego hostēs in pontem pellēba___________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Hostēs mīlitēs prō castrīs īnstruēba__________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


6. Mittēba________ne Caesar litterās? _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Rēx pācem petēba_________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Mīlitēs fortēs hostēs pellu___________. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 164 - (pg 144) Translate.

1. Propter metum Rōmānōrum Gallī bellum cum eīs gerēbant. Rōmānī autem semper vincēbant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Nōs frūmentum petēbāmus. Vōs frūmentum nōn mittēbātis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Legiōnēs Rōmānae hostēs semper vincunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar Gallōs pellit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W13 Exercise 165 - (pg 144) Translate.

1 .The general was sending a dispatch and was begging (for) a supply of rations* and swords.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ *rations – frūmentum, ī. Grain was the main provision of a Roman army. 2. We were often routing the enemy. We were often conquering them. Nevertheless they were carrying on the war and defending themselves bravely. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. They were driving the first battle line into a deep river.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4. The general is sending a letter. A slave will carry (portō) it into the province.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W13

4. FUTURE INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF MITTŌ (pg 145 – 146)

The future indicative active of the third conjugation is quite different from that of the first and

second. The personal signs are the SAME, but there is NO TENSE SIGN and the VOWEL of the

endings change.

Assignment: Study the model, Grammar No. 172, carefully.

No. 172: Future Tense (present stem): I shall send

mitt-am – I shall send (I shall be sending)

mitt-ēs – you will send (you will be sending)

mitt-et – he, she, it will send (he, she, it will be sending)

mitt-ēmus – we shall send (we shall be sending)

mitt-ētis – you will send (you will be sending)

mitt-ent – they will send (they will be sending)

Vocabulary (pg 145)

pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus, 3. tr. - put, place, set, pitch (w. castra)

contendō, contendere, contendī, 3. intr. - strive, contend, hasten

agō, agere, egī, āctus, 3. tr., - drive, do, act, treat

ibi, adv. - there

dē, prep. w. abl. - concerning, about

Note:

1. Pōnō means pitch only when it is used of a camp. When an in-phrase is used to modify

pōnō, in always takes the ABLATIVE.

2. Contendō has no fourth principal parts.

3. Agō is not the helping verb do, as in “I did love” or “I do fight”; it is an independent

verb, as in “I did it.”

S1W13

Exercises 166 – 168 (pg 146) – Assigned in Challenge B - #167 – 168

Exercise 167 - (pg 146) [Essential] Translate.

1. Vōs legiōnēs in castra mittētis. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Litterās dē multīs rēbus mittēmus. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Rōmānī cum Gallīs semper contendunt. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Ubi Rōmānī castra pōnent? _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Ego frūmentum nōn mittam. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Mittēsne servōs?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


7. Ibi castra pōnent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Reliquī Gallī prīmā lūce in montēs contendent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Spem salūtis in virtūte pōnet.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Eōs in flūmen agam.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

11. Senātus dē rē gravī aget.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W13


1. We shall pitch the camp there.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. They will treat with the tribe about peace.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. He will hasten with all the troops into the town.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4. They will contend with the Gauls.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5. They will put faith in the courage of the remaining legions.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

END OF WEEK 13

CHALLENGE B – SEMESTER 1 WEEK 14


14 Lesson 13-14 167, 170, 173, 346-

348, 474, 477 #169-178

147, 151, 153

LESSON 13: PRESENT SYSTEM ACTIVE OF THE FOURTH CONJUGATION (pg 147

– 150)

To form the principal parts of regular verbs of the fourth conjugation, drop the -iō of the first

person singular present indicative and add -īre, īvī, ītus (notice the long ī). Thus:

aud-iō, audīre, aud-īvī, aud-ītus

ASSIGNMENT: Study the present tense of audiō, Grammar No 167


No: 167 : Present Tense (present stem) : I hear

aud-iō - I hear, I am hearing, I do hear

aud- īs – you hear, you are hearing, you do hear

aud-it – he, she, it hears; he, she, it is hearing; he, she it, does hear

aud- īmus – we hear, we are hearing, we do hear

aud- ītis - you hear, you are hearing, you do hear

aud-iunt – they hear, they are hearing, they do hear

To find the endings of the imperfect and future indicative of the FOURTH conjugation put an i

before the endings of the THIRD. Instead of the endings – ēbam, -ēbās, etc. , the fourth has -

iēbam, -iēbās, etc.; instead of -am, -ēs, etc., it has -iam, -iēs, etc. See if you can write out the

imperfect and future of audiō without looking at the grammar.

Assignment: Learn the models, Grammar, Nos 170 and 173

No: 170 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was hearing

aud-iēbam – I was hearing

aud-iēbās – you were hearing

aud-iēbat – he, she, it was hearing

aud-iēbāmus – we were hearing

aud-iēbātis – you were hearing

aud-iēbant -they were hearing

No. 173: Future Tense (present stem): I shall send

aud-iam – I shall hear (I shall be hearing)

aud-iēs – you will hear ( you will be hearing)

aud-iet – he, she, it will hear ( he, she, it will be hearing)

aud-iēmus – we shall hear (we shall be hearing)

aud-iētis – you will hear (you will be hearing)

aud-ient – they will hear (they will be hearing)

Vocabulary (pg 147)

audiō, 4. tr. - hear

muniō, 4. tr. - fortify, construct (w. viam or viās)

veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, 4, intr. - come

conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum, 4. intr. - come together, assemble

per, prep. w. acc. - through

Note: Veniō (as is clear from its meaning) is intransitive; i.e. It can not take an object in the

accusative case. The fourth principal part of INTRANSITIVE verbs is written -um, not -us

(ventum). This will be explained later.


Munitions of war. The Senate convened to discuss the treaty. The 1944 Democratic convention

nominated Roosevelt and Truman. The auditorium was packed.

Related Latin Word: Adventus

S1W14

Exercises 169 – 174 (pg 148 - 150) – Assigned in Challenge B - #169 – 174

Exercise 169 - (pg 148) Translate the Present Tense – 4th conjugation verbs.

1. audiunt________________________________________________________________

2. mūnit_________________________________________________________________

3. audīs _________________________________________________________________

4. venit _________________________________________________________________

5. audiō ________________________________________________________________

6. mūniunt _____________________________________________________________

7. audītis _______________________________________________________________

8. conveniunt ___________________________________________________________

9. audit _________________________________________________________________

10. veniunt _____________________________________________________________

11. audīmus ____________________________________________________________

12. convenītis ____________________________________________________________

S1W14

Exercise 170 - (pg 148) Translate these Imperfect & Future Tenses 1. audiam _________________________________________________________

2. audiēbātis _______________________________________________________

3. veniēs ___________________________________________________________

4. audiēbāmus ______________________________________________________

5. audiēs __________________________________________________________

6. veniet ___________________________________________________________ 7. audiēbās ________________________________________________________

8. veniētis __________________________________________________________

9. audiam ___________________________________________________________

10. convenient _______________________________________________________

11. audient __________________________________________________________

12. veniam __________________________________________________________

13. audiētis _________________________________________________________

14. veniēbant _______________________________________________________

15. audiet __________________________________________________________

16. audiēbam ________________________________________________________

17. venient ___________________________________________________________

18. veniēbās _________________________________________________________

19. conveniēbant _____________________________________________________

20. veniēbat _________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 171 - (pg 148) [Drill] Translate 1. Metus vōs terret. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Senātus conveniet. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Impetum sustinēbant. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Portum vident. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Equitātum timēbunt. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Castra pōnunt. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Dē victōriā contendent. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Oppidum mūniunt. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Centuriōnem vocābit. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Sē dēfendit. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Exercitum in Galliam mittet. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Per silvās veniēbant. ___________________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 171 cont. 13. Dē rē agēbant. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. Vōcem audit. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Spīritus Deī eum dūcit. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. Bellum gerēbat. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 17. Adventus Caesaris vōs terrēbit. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 18. Deum laudat. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 19. Collem occupābit. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Cōpiās īnstruit. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 21. Vōs eōs superābititis. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 22. Urbem oppugnābat. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 23. Orātis. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 24. Arma parābant. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 25. Ego servōs nōn habēbam. ___________________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 171 cont. 26. Vōs monēbō. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 27. Pontem tenēbunt. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 28. Signum portābunt. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 29. Fortiter pugnant. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 30. Gladiōs dabit. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 31. Ego hostēs vincam. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 32. Castra movētis. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 33. Pācem petam. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 34. Equitēs pellitis. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 35. Oratiōnem audiēbant. ___________________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 172 - (pg 149)

1. Ducēs oppida et pontēs saepe mūniunt. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Pars hostium per silvās vēnit; pars autem eōrum per prōvinciam venit. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Audīsne vōcēs servōrum? _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Rōmānī propter commūnem salūtem longās viās per prōvinciās mūniēbant. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Clāmōrem equitum audiēbāmus. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Imperātor in senātum veniet. Ōrātiōnem ējus senātus audiet. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Ducēs et prīncipēs Gallōrum in oppidum convenient. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


8. Prīmā lūce senātus in locum tūtum conveniet. Dē rē gravī aget. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Interim Caesar cum omnibus cōpiīs per prōvinciam veniēbat. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Equitēs Caesarem dē ējus perīculō monēbant. Itaque castra mūnit. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 173 - (pg 149) Translate 1. They are assembling in the camp. _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The Romans were constructing long roads. _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. They were fortifying the bridges. _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. They will come together at dawn. _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Are the Romans coming into the territory of the enemy? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Do they hear the cries and the shouting of the calvary? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Will the column come through the province? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 8. The leaders of the tribe were assembling in the mountains. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Will they defend the Roman law? _________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 173 cont. 10. The light and truth of Christ guide me. _________________________________________________________________________________ 11. They were hearing the speech of the chief. _________________________________________________________________________________ 12. After the arrival of Caesar the Gauls were fortifying the towns. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 13. The general was praising the centurions on account of their courage and faithfulness. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 14. The enemy were bravely defending themselves. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 15. They were slaves in the hills. _________________________________________________________________________________ 16. Part of the leading men are now assembling. _________________________________________________________________________________ 17. The Gauls will fear the calvary after the slaughter of the chiefs. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 18. They came into favor with the king on account of the victory. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 173 cont. 19. They were treating with the commander in chief about peace. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 20. The army was coming through the forest. _________________________________________________________________________________ 21. They will pitch the camp there. But Caesar will attack it. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 22. We shall pray in the name of Jesus Christ. Therefore God will give us grace. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 23. We praise the holy wounds of Christ. _________________________________________________________________________________ 24. We shall seek peace and salvation through Christ. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 25. You will come to Gaul and you will see deep rivers and great mountains, towns and large cities. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 25b. You will seee brave and renowned chiefs. _________________________________________________________________________________ 25c. There is an abundance of grain in the cities. You will praise Gaul and the Gauls. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 174 - (pg 150) DE SENATU Translate: In senātū Romānō sunt multī hominēs nōbilēs et fortēs. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ Sentātus Populusque* Rōmānus imperium multārum gentium et prōvinciārum habet. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ * Populusque = et Populus. Sentātus Populusque* Rōmānus (usually abbreviated: SPQR) was the official title of the Roman government. It regularly takes a singular verb. Senātus saepe convenit. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ In senātum rēgēs gentium aliēnārum saepe veniunt. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ Pācem saepe petunt; saepe cōpiam armōrum et frūmentī petunt. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ Prīncipēs Rōmānī saepe in senātum veniunt. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ Dē rēbus gravibus et dē salūte populī Rōmānī saepe agunt. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 174 cont. Dē lēgibus, dē bellīs, dē prōvinciīs agunt. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________ Omnēs gentēs alienae senātum timent. _____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14

LESSON 14: PRESENT SYSTEM INDICATIVE OF SUM (pg 151 – 154

1. PRESENT, IMPERFECT, AND FUTURE INDICATIVE OF SUM (151 - 153)

ASSIGNMENT: Review the present indicative of sum, Grammar No 346. Learn the imperfect and

future indicative, Grammar no. 347 and 348. Note that:

1. The final personal signs are the same as in the four conjugations.

2. The third person plural of the future is erunt.

No. 346 – Indicative Present


es – you are



estis – you are

sunt – they are

No. 347 – Indicative Imperfect

Singular – eram - I was

erās – you were

erat – he, she, it was

Plural – erāmus – we were

erātis – you were

erant – they were

No. 348 – Indicative Future

Singular - erō – I shall be

eris – you will be

erit – he, she, it will be

Plural - erimus – we shall be

eritis – you will be

erunt – they will be

S1W14

Vocabulary (pg 151)

sum, esse, fuī, futūtus, intr. - am

undique, adv. - from all sides, on all sides

tēlum, ī – dart

Note: Sum has no PASSIVE; therefore it has no perfect participle passive. The future active participle

is given as the fourth principal part. We shall study these participles later.

Assignment: Review the list of adjectives on pages 96 and 97 and the rules of agreement, Grammar Nos

474 and 477

No. 474 - A predicate adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case

Vīta brevis est.

Life is short.

No. 477 - An attributive adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number and case.

Mīles fortis pugnat.

The brave soldier fights.

S1W14 Exercises 175 – 176 (pg 151 – 153) – Assigned in Challenge B – ALL Exercise 175 - (pg 151) [Essential] 1. Rome was a large and renowned city. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The enemy were on all sides. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Many rivers of Gaul were deep and long. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Will you be brave? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. There are mountains on all sides. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The Roman camp was full of swords and darts. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 7. We shall be with God in heaven. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 8. We were eager for the grace of God. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 175 cont. 9. You are Christians and sons of God. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 10. I am a soldier of Christ. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 11. The way is narrow and difficult. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 12. The mountains of Gaul are high. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Caesar's journey were often long and difficult. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 14. You will be safe on account of the grace of God. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Christ is a good and noble leader. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 16. The Romans were eager for fame. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 175 cont. 17. Are you like Christ? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 18. There will be many holy men in heaven. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 19. The Gauls are next to the province. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 20. The glory of Rome will always be great. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 21. We are Christians and God's servants. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 22. Many kings were bad. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 23. The remaining soldiers were safe. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 24. Were you in the first battle line? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 175 cont. 25. I was not with Caesar. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 26. Not all Christians are like Christ. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 27. There are many and large cities in the province. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 176 - (pg 152)

1. Propter metum hostium in castrīs Caesaris sumus.

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Undique erat clāmor hostium.

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Erat perīculum grave in prōvinciā.

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Gallī semper sunt cupidī imperiī.

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Omnēs hominēs cupidī sunt glōriae.

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Erantne tēla in castrīs?

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Undique erant montēs et silvae. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

8. In Caelō cum Chrīsto erimus.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 176 cont. 9. Erantne montēs altī et difficilēs? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Caesar erat imperiī cupidus. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Estne Chrīstus fīlius et Marīae et Deī?

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Estne Marīa grātiā plēna?

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. “Vōs autem omnēs frātrēs estis.” (Words of Christ to His disciples.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Eratne Chrīstus in mundō propter nōs? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

15. In silvīs nōn erāmus.

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

16. Caesar in prīmā aciē erat.

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 176 cont. 17. Erō fortis.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

18. Eram in Galliā cum exercitū.

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

19. Esne eques? Esne mīles?

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Omnēs hominēs sānctī Chrīstō similēs sunt. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14

2. COMPOUNDS OF SUM (pg 153 - 154)

Vocabulary (pg 153)

absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus, intr.; ab (ā) w. abl. - am away, am distant

longē, adv. - far, by far

Note: Absum is a compound of the preposition ab and the verb sum. Therefore it is conjugated like

SUM. The place away from which something is, is expressed by the preposition ab (ā before

consonants), from, and the ablative. Thus:

Caesar was away from the camp. Caesar a castrīs aberat.

Related English Word: Many members of Congress were absent.

Related Latin Word: Via longa erat.

S1W14

Exercises 177 – 178 (pg 153 – 154) – Assigned in Challenge B – #177 - 178


Translate: Practice with compound forms of sum 1. Hīberna ab oppidō Gallōrum nōn longē aberant. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Caesar longē aberat ā castrīs. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Hīberna nōn longē absunt ā Caesare. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Legiōnēs aberunt. ___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar aberat. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Rōma longē abest ā nōbīs. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Deus ā nōbīs nōn longē abest. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Bellum et mortis perīculum longē ā Caelō absunt. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

S1W14 Exercise 178 - (pg 153) Translate: 1. I am away from the camp. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. He was not far away from the town. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. They were far away from the river. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The river is not far distant from the forest. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Gaul is not far away from you. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________



15 Lesson 15 174-176, 177-179,

180-185, 349

#179-180, 182-185. All or part of #181

might be used as an at home assessment 156, 160

LESSON 15: THE PERFECT SYSTEM ACTIVE (pg 155 - 162)

1. THE PERFECT ACTIVE STEM (pg 155)

The perfect system of the indicative active includes the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses.

These are all formed on the PERFECT ACTIVE STEM.

The perfect active stem is found by dropping the ending -ī of the third principal part.

laudāv-ī stem: laudāv-

monu-ī stem: monu-

mīs-ī stem: mīs-

audīv-ī stem: audīv-

fu-ī stem: fu-

2. THE PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE (pg 155 – 160)

The PERFECT tense expresses a past act. There are three forms in English.

1. I praised.

2. I did praise. (used in questions, in negative statements, and for emphasis).

3. I have praised (action completed in present time; called the PRESENT PERFECT).

For all these, Latin has one form: the PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE.

The perfect indicative active of ALL LATIN VERBS, REGULAR AND IRREGULAR, is formed by:

1. Finding the perfect stem from the third principal part;

2. Adding the endings shown in the model, Grammar No. 174

Note that the final personal signs are the same as in the present system except in the first person and

second person singular, laudāv-ī and laudāv-istī.

S1W15

ASSIGNMENT: Learn the conjugation of laudāvī, monuī, audīvī, fuī, Grammar No. 174, 177-179,

and 349

No 174

Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)

Singular – 1. laudāv-ī - I praised ( I have praised)

2. laudāv-istī - you praised ( you have praised)

3. laudāv-īt - he, she, it praised ( he, she, it has praised)

Plural - 1. laudāv-imus - we praised ( we have praised)

2. laudāv-istis you praised ( you have praised)

3. laudāv-ērunt – they praised (they have praised)

No 177


Singular – 1. monu-ī - I advised (I have advised)

2. monu-istī - you advised ( you have advised)

3. monu-īt - he, she, it advised (he, she, it has advised)

Plural - 1. monu-imus - we advised ( we have advised)

2. monu-istis - you advised (you have advised)

3. monu-ērunt – they advised (they have advised)

No 178


Singular – 1. mīs -ī - I sent ( I have sent)

2. mīs-istī - you sent ( you have sent)

3. mīs -īt - he, she, it sent ( he, she, it has sent)

Plural - 1. mīs-imus - we sent ( we have sent)

2. mīs-istis - you sent ( you have sent)

3. mīs-ērunt – they sent (they have sent)

No 179


Singular – 1. audīv-ī - I heard ( I have heard)

2. audīv-istī - you heard ( you have heard)

3. audīv-īt - he, she, it heard ( he, she, it has heard)

Plural - 1. audīv-imus - we heard ( we have heard)

2. audīv-istis - you heard ( you have heard)

3. audīv-ērunt – they heard (they have heard)

S1W15

No. 349

Indicative Perfect

Singular – 1. fu-ī - I have been, I was

2. fu-istī - you have been, you were

3. fu-īt - he, she, it has been; he, she it was

Plural - 1. fu-imus - we have been, we were

2. fu-istis - you have been, you were

3. fu-ērunt – they have been, they were

Vocabulary (pg 156)

collocō, 1. tr. - place, station

maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsūrus, 2. tr. - remain

compleō, complēre, complēvī, complētus, 2. tr.; w. abl. - fill (with)

cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessūrus, 3. intr. - give way, yield

atque (ac), conj. - and

Note: When compleō is modified by a with-phase is translated by the ablative without a preposition.

Hence the notation w. Abl.

He filled the camp with grain. Castra frūmentō complēvit.


Mexico ceded California to the United State. The destroyer has its full complement of men.

Related Latin Words:

Marīa est grātiā plēna. In locum tūtum vēnit.

S1W15

Exercises 179 – 182 (pg 156 – 160) – Assigned 179 – 180, 182 - #181 can be used as an at home

assessment


Latin word

Perfect Stem

3rd per. sing of perfect indicative active

3rd per. plural of perfect indicative active

Translate 3 ways

1 laudō

2 occupō

3 oppugnō

4 parō

5 pugnō

6 superō

7 portō

8 dō

Latin word

Perfect Stem



Translate 3 ways

9 vocō

10 moneō

11 timeō

12 terreō

13 habeō

14 videō

15 teneō

16 moveō

17 sustineō

18 dēfendō

19 dūcō

Latin word

Perfect Stem



Translate 3 ways

20 gerō

21 vincō

22 petō

23 pellō

24 pōnō

25 contendō

26 audiō

27 mūniō

28 veniō

29 conveniō

30 agō

Latin word

Perfect Stem



Translate 3 ways

31 sum

32 absum

33 collocō

34 maneō

35 compleō

35

cēdō

3rd Pers.Sing

S1W15


1. Tell what form these are;

2. Tranlate:

1. vīdērunt ______________________________________________________________________

2. cessērunt ______________________________________________________________________

3. audīvistis ______________________________________________________________________

4. mānsit ________________________________________________________________________

5. terruērunt ______________________________________________________________________

6. cessit __________________________________________________________________________

7. fuit ___________________________________________________________________________

8. monuimus ______________________________________________________________________

9. complēvit ______________________________________________________________________

10. munīvērunt ____________________________________________________________________

11. mānsērunt _____________________________________________________________________

12. mīsērunt ______________________________________________________________________

13. complēvērunt ___________________________________________________________________

14. audīvimus ______________________________________________________________________

15. oppugnāvērunt ___________________________________________________________________

16. fuistī __________________________________________________________________________


17. laudāvī ________________________________________________________________________

18. vīcit ___________________________________________________________________________

19. petīvērunt ______________________________________________________________________

20 parāvērunt ______________________________________________________________________

21. fuimus _________________________________________________________________________

22. laudāvistī ______________________________________________________________________

23. collocāvit ______________________________________________________________________

24. monuērunt _____________________________________________________________________

25. mittimus ______________________________________________________________________

26. collocat ______________________________________________________________________

27. fuī ___________________________________________________________________________

28. portāvērunt ____________________________________________________________________

29. collocāvērunt ___________________________________________________________________

30. superāvērunt ____________________________________________________________________

31. mīsī ___________________________________________________________________________

32. vocāvērunt ____________________________________________________________________

33. fuērunt _______________________________________________________________________

34. collocābat ______________________________________________________________________

35. sustinērunt ______________________________________________________________________

36. dēfendērunt _____________________________________________________________________

S1W15 Exercise 182 - (pg 160) [Essential] 1. Caesar stationed soldiers on the bridge and in front of the camp. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Christ did not remain on earth. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. They filled the walls with men. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Caesar prepared a supply of grain. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The Romans did not yield to the enemy. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Where have you been? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The Senate often praised Caesar on account of his victories. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

S1W15 Exercise 182 cont.. 8. Caesar did not fear danger and death. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. There were many Romans in Gaul. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Did the Romans overcome the Gauls? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Did they treat with the chief about peace? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. The leading men of the Gauls assembled at dawn. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. The calvary did not yield, but withstood the attack bravely. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. Who conquered the Gauls and seized their cities and towns? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. The Gauls did not praise Caesar, but they feared him. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. Have you seen Rome? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

S1W15

3. PLUPERFECT AND FUTURE PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE (pg 160 - 162)

Vocabulary (pg 160)

incitō, 1. tr. - incite, arouse

adjuvō, adjuvāre, adjūvī, adjūtus, 1. tr. - help, aid

servō, 1. tr – guard, keep

perturbō, 1. tr. - confuse, disturb

incendō, incendere, incendī, incēnsus, 3. tr. - set fire to, burn

tum, adv. - then, at that time


Incendiary bombs. The general's adjutant. He was very perturbed.

ASSIGNMENT: Learn the models in Grammar Nos. 175 – 176 and 180 – 185, for the pluperfect

indicative active and the future perfect indicative active. Notice that the PERFECT stem is used and that

the endings are the SAME in all conjugations.

No 175

Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)

Singular – 1. laudāv-eram - I had praised

2. laudāv-erās - you had praised 3. laudāv-erat - he, she, it had praised

Plural - 1. laudāv-erāmus - we had praised

2. laudāv-erātis - you had praised

3. laudāv-erant – they had praise

No 176

Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem)

Singular – 1. laudāv-erō - I shall have praised

2. laudāv-eris - you will have praised

3. laudāv-erit - he, she, it will have praised

Plural - 1. laudāv-erimus - we shall have praised

2. laudāv-eritis - you will have praised

3. laudāv-erint – they will have praised

S1W15

No 180


Singular – 1. monu-eram - I had advised

2. monu-erās - you had advised

3. monu-erat - he, she, it had advised

Plural - 1. monu-erāmus - we had advised

2. monu-erātis - you had advised

3. monu-erant– they had advised

No 181


Singular – 1. mīs -eram - I had sent

2. mīs-erās - you had sent

3. mīs -erat - he, she, it had sent

Plural - 1. mīs-erāmus - we had sent

2. mīs-erātis - you had sent

3. mīs-erant – they had sent

No 182


Singular – 1. audīv-eram - I had heard

2. audīv-erās - you had heard

3. audīv-erat - he, she, it had heard

Plural - 1. audīv-erāmus - we had heard

2. audīv-erātis - you had heard

3. audīv-erant – they had heard

No 183

Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)

Singular – 1. monu-erō - I shall have advised

2. monu-eris - you will have advised

3. monu-erit - he, she, it will have advised

Plural - 1. monu-erimus - we shall have advised

2. monu-eritis - you will have advised

3. monu-erint– they will have advised

S1W15

No 184


Singular – 1. mīs -erō - I shall have sent

2. mīs-eris - you will have sent

3. mīs -erit - he, she, it will have sent

Plural - 1. mīs-erimus - we shall have sent

2. mīs-eritis - you will have sent

3. mīs-erint – they will have sent

No 185


Singular – 1. audīv-erō - I shall have heard

2. audīv-eris - you will have heard

3. audīv -erat - he, she, it will have heard

Plural - 1. audīv-erimus - we shall have heard

2. audīv-eritis - you will have heard

3. audīv-erint – they will have heard

S1W15

Exercises 183 – 185 (pg 161-162) – Assigned in Challenge A -ALL Exercise 183 - (pg 161) [Essential] Practice with the pluperfect tense. 1) Translate 2) Explain the case of the italicized nouns

1. Prīncipēs gentēs prōvinciae fīnitimās incitāverant quod victōriae cupidī erant.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Interim equitēs reliquōs Gallōs perturbāverant.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Chrīstiānī bonī fidem et vēritātem Chrīstī servāverant.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Imperātor urbēs et oppida incenderat.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Multī Gallī legiōnēs Rōmānās adjūverant.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Dux hostium collēs hominibus complēverat.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Equitēs agmen hostium perturbāverant.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Virtūs Rōmam servāverat.

________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

S1W15 Exercise 183 cont. 9. Caesar et collēs et pontēs prīmā lūce occupāverat.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Senātus prōvinciam Caesarī dederat.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 184 - (pg 161) [Essential] Translate. 1. The king had aroused the slaves. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. God had helped them. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. They had kept the faith. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The calvary had confused the enemy. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The slaves had burned the town. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. They had called the leading men of Gaul into the Senate. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. He had stationed the calvary in the forest. The enemy made an attack on them. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

S1W15


1. The Senate praised Caesar.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The Gauls had always feared Caesar.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The calvary terrified the enemy.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The soldiers had burned the crops.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The slaves had helped the enemy.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. They kept the faith.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. They did not yield.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

8. They have held the city.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________


9. They moved camp.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

10. He seized the bridge.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 11. They had prepared many darts.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 12. The slaves had had arms.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 13. They saw the Roman column.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 14. They did not withstand the attack.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

15. He defended himself.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

S1W15 Exercise 185 cont. 16. They sent arms into Gaul.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 17. The slaves had carried grain into the camp.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 18. The Romans overcame the Gauls.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 19. They had prayed for the king.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 20. He has called the chiefs.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

S1W15 All or part of Exercise 181 might be used as an at home assessment of student understanding. Exercise 181 - (pg 157) (Part 1) A Dream of Judgment

Introduction: (do not translate)

This was my dream. I was in the midst of light, a light brilliant and intense, so intense that it seemed to penetrate and reveal the depths of the soul. And I was aware of a Presence at the very center of the light and I knew with a strange inner conviction that there stood the Angel of Judgment. After a breathless moment, I became aware of other presences, felt rather than saw them. Were they angels? Were they souls? Then the Angel spoke in a voice like the sound of many waters, like no voice ever heard upon the earth. THE VOICE OF THE ANGEL: Quis es? __________________________________________________ SECOND VOICE (harsh & unpleasant): Ego rēx sum. Rēgnum et imperium Rōmānōrum in terrā tenuī. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ VOICE OF THE ANGEL: Petisne nunc praemium et glōriam? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ SECOND VOICE: Ego petō. Ego magnam glōriam in terrā habuī et semper habēbō. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Mē omnēs hominēs laudāvērunt. Imperātor magnus fuī. ______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

S1W15 Exercise 181 cont. Multa bella fortiter gessī. Dux bonus, omnēs rēs parāvī; frūmentum et arma parāvī; castra et oppida mūnīvī;

mīlitēs īnstrūxī et collocāvī. ______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ In mē mīlitēs spem semper posuērunt. Ego saepe in prīmā aciē cum mīlitibus pugnāvī. _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Ego eōs per montēs et silvās dūxī. In Galliā et in omnibus prōvinciīs cum hostibus contendī. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Mē metus hostium nōn mōvit neque terruit. Fīnēs multārum gentium occupāvī. ___________________________________________________________________________________ Ego et multa oppida et magnās urbēs oppugnāvī. Prōvinciās Rōmānāas et eārum urbēs fortiter dēfendī. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Hostēs nōminis Rōmānī terruī atque impetūs eōrum fortiter sustinuī. Equitēs et mīlitēs in eōs mīsī – hostēs

semper cessērunt. Hostēs pepulī et in bellīs eōs superāvī et vīcī.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________________________________________________

S1W15 Exercise 181 cont. Exercise 181 (Part 2 ) THE VOICE OF THE ANGEL: Homō sē fortiter laudat! _________________________________________ SECOND VOICE: Propter mē gentēs prōvinciīs fīnitimae legiōnēs Rōmānās timuērunt; eae saepe prīncipēs in

castra Rōmānōrum dē pāce mīsērunt. ___________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Mēcum prīncipēs et rēgēs dē pāce ēgērunt. Mihi sē dedērunt. __________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Prīncipēs Gallōrum in castra vocāvī. In castra convēnērunt! ___________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Frūmentum petīvī. Magnam cōpiam in castra portāvērunt. _____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Omnēs hominēs mē timuērunt. Omnēs gentēs nōmen rēgis Rōmānī audīvērunt. ____________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ VOICE OF THE ANGEL (There was a deeper earnestness in the voice.): Cūr cum multīs gentibus bellum

gessistī? Cūr eās pepulistī, terruistī, vīcistī? ________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ VOX REGIS (And his voice seemed to swell as though he were speaking in the Roman Senate.): Propter

glōriam et salūtem Senātūs Populīque1 Rōmānī! _____________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________ (Suddenly another voice broke in, harsh with malicious hatred.)

S1W15 Exercise 181 cont. THIRD VOICE: Nōn! Nōn propter ea! Sed quod cupidus fuit glōriae et imperiī! Pācem nōn petīvit, sed gladiōs et

bella et caedem petīvit. ________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Flūmina et silvās et oppida corporibus complēvit; mīlitēs et nautās caedī dedit quod SIBI glōriam petīvit.

Praemium eī dabō EGO. _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ VOX REGIS (shaken and fearful): Quis es tū? _______________________________________________ 1 Populīque= et Populī THIRD VOICE: Aaah! Mē nōn vīdistī, sed nōn longē ā tē āfuī. Omnia vīdī. Tē autem nōn monuī. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ (A shrill, diabolical laugh.) Tēcum semper in terrā fuī – nunc mēcum manēbis in saecula saeculōrum! ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ (A black shadow passed swiftly across the light . . . a shriek, and then again the peace and the brilliance.

Then I knew that another had entered.)

VOICE OF THE ANGEL: Quis es? _________________________________________________________ THE NEW VOICE: Chrīstiānus sum. _______________________________________________________

VOICE OF THE ANGEL: Quid petis? Petisne glōriam cum Chrīstō? _______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

S1W15 Exercise 181 cont. CHRISTIANUS: Deum et Chrīstum petō. (then silence) ___________________________________________________________________________________ THE GUARDIAN ANGEL: Is sē nōn dēfendet neque laudābit. Ego autem semper cum eō fuī. Servus

imperātōris Rōmānī fuit.

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Lēgem autem Chrīstī fortiter tenuit; in nōmine Chrīstī ōrāavit. Imperātor autem eum, quod Chrīstiānus fuit, in vinculīs2 tenuit. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

Metus autem mortis et vulnerum eum nōn mōvit neque terruit. Spem in grātiā Chrīstī posuit et fidem semper

tenuit. Itaque Rōmānī eum occīdērunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_ ______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________ (The light grew slowly more intense and a new voice, stronger and more tender, spoke:) Intrā3 in gaudium4 Dominī tuī5: ________________________________________________________________________________

(Voices undique audivi:) Glōria Patrī et Fīliō et Spīrituī Sānctō sīcut erat in prīncipiō et nunc et semper et in

saecula saeculōrum. Āmēn. _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

~The vision faded.~~

2 vinulum, ī: chain 3 intrā: enter! 4 gaudium, ī: joy 5 tuus, a um: your

END OF WEEK 15

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