All Hands Naval Bulletin - Feb 1944

8/4/2019 All Hands Naval Bulletin - Feb 1944

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Your Rights and Benefits as a VeteranNew Mustering-Out Pay Is Just One of Many ThingsThat Show People at Home Arent Forgetting You!

When you leave the Navy some day-what rights , benefits and privilegeswill you have?There are more than 100 bills onthat subject now before Congress.Even as this issue of the INFORMATIONBULLETIN oes to press, Senate andHouse conferees have agreed upon ameasure to provide mustering-out payof fr om $100 to $300 for servicemenand servicewomen discharged from thearmed forces.Many other provisions f or veteransare already on the books. Combined,they go a long way toward answeringthe natural questions of any service-man. Wha t happens when you get out?How about getting a job? Whatll youuse for mohey? Suppose you dont finda job r ight away? W hat if youre dis-abled? Suppose you wan t education ortraining ?So far, slightly more than 1,000,000men and women have been separatedfrom the services--153,000 from theNavy u p to the end of 1943. Currentlyabout eight to nine thousand are be-ing discharged from the Navy eachmonth, the majority via medical sur-vey or because weeded out in th e earlystages as unsuitable.Naval personnel who are honorablydischarged during this war, o r dis-charged under honorable conditions,will have certain rights and privilegeslined up. Among the possibilities are:

1. Your old job back if you want it2. Assistance in getting a new job.3. Preferential consideration if youwish to work f or t he government.4. Vocational rehabilitation andtraining.5. Free hospitalization and medicaltreatment in a Veterans Administra-tion hospital as long and as often asyou need it for service-connected dis-abilities, and fo r non-service-connecteddisabilities if facilities ar e available.

(under certain conditions). 6. A pension for life or as long asthe disability continues for a service-connected disability of 10% or more.7. Retention i n the Navy, if you a redisabled, and assignment to duty com-mensurate with your disability.8. Or help in finding other employ-ment despite t ha t disability.9. Apprentice train ing and thechance to learn a trade.10 . Preservation of any unemploy-ment compensation benefits you earnedbefore entering military service.11. Retirement pay, if youve beenin long enough, or the prospect of it ifyou want to remain in and make theNavy your career.12. Transportation back home aft eryoure discharged.13. Continuance of your low-cost Na-tional Service Life Insurance (up tofive yea rs aft er dat e of issuance) o rconversion into any of th ree types.14. Protection of your private insu r-ance (if you apply while still in activeservice) by postponement of premiumpayments until two years after yourdischarge. Note: back premiums and

interest m ust be made up, though.15. Other prdtedibn under the Sol-diers and Sailors Civil Relief Act,permitting courts to gr an t certain re-liefs and postponements until sixmonths after your discharge.


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come with large-scale demobilization.Several cities are already taking th einitiative on their own in providing forreemployment of service personnel, anotable example being the so-calledBirmingham Plan.In the belief that every man dis-charged from service is entitled to allpossible consideration and help, theBirmingham Plan puts him in imme-diate touch with top executives of lead-ing companies and industries there.A committee of 60 leading business-men has been formed and one of themis a t the interview desk in the Cham-ber of Commerce every afternoon. Thedischarged serviceman tells the inter-viewer about his experience and back-ground in the Navy and the kind ofwork he wants to get into. He can in-dicate the company or companies he isinterested in which afford the type ofemployment he seeks. The interviewerputs him in direct touch with the Pres -ident o r some other top executive ofthe company he selects.

Looking forward to the day whenthe present trickle of returning serv-icemen becomes a flood, Birminghamis making provision for additional in-terviewers and facilities, so that indi-vidual attention can be given each manand employment opportunities quicklyfound to make him a part of the com-munity again.Immediately following announce-ment of the plan , the BirminghamChamber of Commerce had requestsfrom Chambers of Commerce or Boardsof Trade in 35 other cities asking fordetails of the proposed program.Plans and programs such as these,plus many others now being consid-ered or in process of legislation, addup to a constantly changing picturefo r veterans of this wa r but one whosechanges a re toward (1) a widening ofpossible benefits, and ( 2 ) a streamlin-ing of procedures to make those bene-fits attainable quickly and efficiently.From your own angle as a futureveteran of the war, it is desirable tha tyou know as much as possible of whatyour actual rights and benefits are.Pages 6 and 7 spread them out fora quick view. A fuller description of

your main rights and benefits follows:DISCHARGE. To begin with, there a rethree kinds of certificates now beingissued t o personnel discharged fromthe Navy and Naval Reserve : (1)Hon-orable Discharge ; (2 ) Certificate ofdischarge under honorable conditions,or ( 3 ) Certificate of Unfavorable Dis-charge, (Under the lat te r come suchtypes of discharge as the Bad ConductDischarge and the Dishonorable Disacharge.)Most rirzhts and benefits availablevto veterans usually bear a qualiying

phrase as for veterans honorably dis-charged, for veterans discharged un-der honorable conditions, for veter-ans not dishonorably discharged, orfor veterans discharged upon satis-factory completion of their service./

The Honorable Discharge is awardedto enlisted personnel in th ree instances:(a ) upon expiration of enlistment; (b )to those discharged for disability in-curred in the line of duty and not theresult of the ir own misconduct (highmarks in proficiency in ra tin g and con-duct must have been maintained in bothinstances (a ) and ( b) above) ; nd (c)to those discharged for disability in-curred i n the line of du ty and resultingfrom action against the enemy, and notthe result of own misconduct, regard-less of conduct an d proficiency marks .The certificate of discharge underhonorable conditions was only recentlyrenamed so , originally being called cer-tificate of discharge (ordinary), issuedunder satisfactory conditions.The holder of an Honorable Dis-charge is entitled to wear both theHonorable Discharge button and theHonorable Service lapel button; theholder of a discharge under honorableconditions (character: Good) rat es theHonorable Service lapel button.EMPLOYMENT. Probably your mainconcern after your discharge will begetting a job. There a re several provi-sions of interest to you.I . YOUR OLD JOB. If you had a jobbefore you went to war, and if you en-tered upon active service after 1 May1940, you are entitled t o all the re-employment benefits provided in theSelective Training and Service Act.The qualifications are brief and sim-ple. The position you left must havebeen other tha n a temporary one; you

must receive a certificate showing tha tyou satisfactorily completed y -urarmed service; you must still be quali-fied to perform the duties of the posi-tion; and you must make appIicationfor reemployment within 40 days ofyour discharge.If you meet those conditions, thelaw says t ha t your employer shall re-store you to such position or to a posi-tion of like seniority, sta tus and payunless the employers circumstancesmake it impossible or unreasonable t odo so.Selective Service has established aReemployment Division to heIp imple-ment the provisions of the law, withCommitteemen attached to your localboard to advise you on your rights.Should it come down to hard cases, theU. S. District Attorney will look afteryour interest for free.If you worked for the Federal gov-ernment instead of for a private em-ployer, you have the same rig hts of re-employment under the law.2. A NEW JOB. Employment assist-ance is available to re turn ing service-men through the United S tate s Em-ployment Service, which has offices allover the country. U.S.E.S. has a spe-cial service for veterans-VeteranshEmployment Service-which functionsin each local office. Veterans are regis-tered in these local offices on specialcards, and special service is providedfor them through State and local vet-erans representatives, who will alsoadvise and assist members of t he fam -ilies of veterans who ar e in search of

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Help in getting a job i s available toyou through the special VeteransEmployment Service maintained b ythe United States Employment Serv-ice (War Manpower Commission);also through State and local veter-ans representatives. Latter also ad-vise and assist members of veteransfamilies seekina work. Go to thenearest office i f the.United StatesEmployment Service.VllllllUl I y l l l a UI G yuu, l l lGGU I, lllr,e-.*--.---*.-...I -..- c

2. NON - SERVICE - CONNECTEDDISABILITY. Veterans whose disabil-ity i s (a) not incurred in line of duty,or (b) not pensionable, or (c) in-curred AFTER discharge from the

inities to returning through the Veterans Administra- 1. . .. .service, may obtain medical aid,hospital treatment, and vocationaltraining and rehabilitation throughState agencies. Apply through yourState Board of Vocational Education

Id who need such train-ing.. During training, pension i s pay-$90 if married, plus $5 per depen-parent. ment Service office.

- * - _ . . _ .5 cmpioy-

dent child, $10 Per dependent or the nearest United States Employ-en1service omce.

may live and receive care if (1 ) hon-orably discharged for disability inline of duty, or (2 ) pensioned and(a) permanently disabled, (b) in-capacitated from earning a living,and (c) without adequate means ofsupport. Also available to any vet--rnn nn+ .Ii=l.nnorably discharged

e to defray exeense.

Art ificial limbs,braces, hearing de- Transportation with incidental ex-vices, etc., can be supplied or re- penses may be supplied by the Gov-paired in cases of service-connected ernment for out-patient examinationdisability; also, under certain lim- or treatment (unless examinee livesited conditions, toilet articles, tobac- in vicinity); for hospital treatment forco, cigarettes, stationery, postage, service-connected conditions (if dis-barber services and personal cloth- ciplinary record i s clear) and foring. Arrangements can be rdrade non-service-connected condition (ifduring medical or hospital treatment applicant unable to defray cost).

Prior authority from the VeteransI dministration i s necessary.Veterans Administration repre-,-3 - - - = -I likely to prevent his earning a living: I(a) If taking correspondence courseof the U. S. Armed Forces Institute,you may continue with any courseunder way at time of discharge; (b)you can apply for school and col-lege credit for your off-duty educa-tion and your regular Navyjtrainingand experience (as well as to pre-sent to a Droseective emdover): (c)

In general, OFFICERS and NURSESget mileage to place from whichordered to active duty; ENLISTEDPERSONNEL (unless discharged forpunishment or own convenience) get5 $ per mile to where enlisted, orlocal board. Transportation of de-pendents and household goods maybe provided (from petty officer, sec-ond class, up) for regular Navy,Naval Reserve (including WR) and

?dand retainer payare of .interest to naval personnelwho may wish to make the Navygeneral, long serv-ice or physical disability are among

I, but the conditions,?xtent of such bene-I by many different.

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retired personnel of regular Navy.statutes and provisions, and do notlend themselves to brief summary.

I , , , ,. . ,proposals for educational oppor-tunities after your discharge are nowbefore Congress.


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Officers for the expanded amphibprogram will come from many sources.Some of them will be officer personnelwho, as junior officers aboard landingcraft, have already had experience inEuropean and Asiatic operations, andwho are rated as competent, upon fur-ther training, to assume command oftheir own landing craft. Many of theofficers will be former warrants oflong experience ; hey will be given op-portunities for amphib training and,if able t o demonstrate their capabili-ties, will be given opportunities tocommand and a commensurate increasein rank.Perhaps the largest source of new of-ficers will be the midshipmens schools-Columbia, Not re Dame, Northwest-ern-which will send most of thei rqualified graduates to one or anotherof the amphib bases. Practically allof these will be from the r anks of V-7.Beginning this month, considerablenumbers of V-12s also become avail-able for training.These will for the most part betrained to become junior officers aboardLCs. If they prove their ability and

responsibility, they get recognition andperhaps spot promotion to a higherrank commensurate with the positionsthey may be chosen to fill on the basisof their t raining record a t the Am-phibious Training Base.Other, more mature officers, whoeither have been on shore duty o r whohave had no prior indoctrination, willget an intensive course of trainingat the Naval Training School (Ad-vanced), Ft. Schuyler, The Bronx,N. Y., studying seamanship, naviga-tion, ordnance, gunnery and communi-cations, in preparation for possiblepositions of command.Nothing could be more indicative ofthe present attitude toward the am-phibs than the fact that a large andmounting proport ion of their officerpersonnel has accrued voluntarily. Arecent estimate by those responsi-ble for procuring personnel for thisbranch reveals that the proportion ofmidshipmen who put amphib trainingas their first choice has almost tripled.Now they look to it as a top source fo raction, and plenty of it.A rotational policy of bringing

back officers from the combat are a willprovide further COS from the ranksof men who were formerly junior of-ficers aboard LC s and who are nowregarded as potentially qualified tocommand. Upon further training here,they have the oppor tunity of becomingCOS of their own ships.Engineering officers will be providedby Naval Training Schools, a t Cornell,Penn State and North Carolina State,and still others will come from theGeneral Motors Diesel school a t Fl int,Michigan, source of engineering of-ficers not only for DES but for LCIsand LSTs a s well.Communications officers will comelargely from the Ha rvard NTS, wherethe last month of their four-monthcourse will be devoted t o special sub-jects in preparation for amphib work.Although amphib tra ining was origi-nally pretty much of an Atlantic coastproposition-partly because the NorthAfrican invasion was first on the list,and largely because the great sourcesof landing - craft construction wereeither Atlantic o r middle West-am-phib training is now a two-coast affair.


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HELLDIVER

OffiCon a carrier (a bo ve ) roll forward to take

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The Navys New DiveBomber Makes DebutIn Smash at Rabaul

The Navys newest air weapon, theCurtiss Helldiver ( S B B C ) s in action.With the Vought Corsair (F4U) andGrumman Hellcat (F6F) fighters andthe Grumman Avenger (T BF ) torpedobomber, it completes, to date, theNavys war-born aerial attack team.All four planes incorporate the lessonsof modern wa rfa re taugh t by battleexperienoe since Pearl Harbor.A fifth Navy combat plane placed inservice since America entered the war-see opposite page-is the Ventura(PV) patrol bomber.In it s first combat action, the 11No-vember raid on Rabaul, the Helldiver-bigger and heavier th an any divebomber previously used by our armedforces-accounted fo r the bulk of theextensive toll taken of Jap shipping.The Helldiver squadron, from oneof a number of carriers in the attack-ing task force, made rendezvous aftertake-off and, climbing to altitude;moved in on the enemy. As the harborwas approached, the squadron com-mander ordered his men t o step upspeed and then push over into theirdives on the mass of sh ipping below.A t this time s warm s of enemy fight-ers swooped in on the bombers andattempted to break up their formationbefore they could dive. But the escort-ing Navy fighter squadron successfullybeat off every attack.The Jap warships tried franticallyto escape to the open sea; but the big,bomb-laden planes, backed by fightersand torpedo planes, gave them littlechance. A Japanese light cruiser boreth e, brunt of the Helldivers attack,suffering three direct hits which senther to the bottom. Towering yellowflames from a heavy cruiser-probablysunk-led the att ack ers to believe the irbombs had exploded the warships mag-

azines. One of the dive bombers laidits bombs on the f anta il of a destroyer,which sank, while two others hit a lightcruiser, blowing up its superstructure.A second destroyer also was damaged.As the Helldivers pulled out of thei rdives-the dive bombers most vulner-able moment-the enemy fighters againattacked. Many of the Helldivers es-caped without being engaged. Theothers had to fight their way out andaccomplished thi s without loss, destroy-ing three Zeros and damaging one inthe process.Afte r the attack, in which more than28,000 pounds of bombs were dropped,the Helldivers sped back to their car-rier, utilizing all available cloud andrain squall cover. Two of the planeswere lost near the carrier, due t o ex-haustion of fuel, but their personnelwere saved.


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GUARDSMEbelow, on foot aero.observers on Green1art icle, were drawn

When the NazisHow the Coast GuardAnd Army Rooted OutGermans in Greenland

The Nazi dream of a n invasion ofthe Western Hemisphere was realizedin the spring of 1943-but was blastedin its early stages by U. S. Armybombers and a Coast Guard taskforce.The German invasion consisted ofa hidden weather station on the deso-late coast of Greenland. It is believedto have existed for about two months,supplying weather information toU-boats and the Luftwaffe, beforebeing destroyed by U. S. forces.The presence of the Nazi invaderswas first discovered by three membersof the Greenland Sledge Patrol, aunique branch of the U. S. armedforces composed of f ree Danish citi-zens, who, subsisting mainly on gamethey shoot and trap themselves, keepa constant watch for Nazi intrusionsin that cold, lonely country.The Danes were patrolling thecoastal areas and fjords along theeast coast of Greenland. Approachingthe northern outpost station on aroutine patrol, they saw two strangemen emerge from the station's hutand disappear into the hills, When theyentered the empty station they dis-covered two sleeping bags, a greenuniform bearing the German eagleand swastika, two Nazi daggers andsome provisions. They hurriedly re-turned southward with the news and,because they were almost certain tobe followed, prepared defenses as bestthey could.

A few nights later, one of theguards heard footsteps approachingthe station. When he challenged, theGermans opened up with automaticrifles and machine guns. Realizingthey were outnumbered, the Danesabandoned the station and fled south.Later, another member of the patrol,a Dane named Eli Knudsen, waskilled as he came near a rest hut oc-cupied by the Germans. Mushingthrough an Arctic snowstorm with hishead swathed in furs, Knudsen didnot hear the command to halt andcontinued on. When the Germanskilled his dogs, Knudsen reached forhis rifle but was mortally woundedbefore he could get it into action.The next day, Marius Jensen, an-other patrolman, mistaking the Ger-mans' dogs for Knudsen's, walkedinto a trap and was captured. TheNazis decided to destroy the patrolstation at a nearby island and askedJensen t o guide them there over theshortest route. Persuading the Ger-man lieutenant that travel would befaster in two parties, Jensen sent onegroup off on a long roun

tnd,'herthisf nd .


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Official U. S. Navy photographAE RlA L TOR PED O dr ops fro m a carrier-based Ave w TIN FISH i s sho t from torpedo tubes of a warship .ger. Its delicate mechanisms wil l set it at th e proper Olze of the most imtricate of war implememts, eachlevel and send it om a tru e course of destructiom. tor ped o has 5,000 parts a d costs $12,000.Several serious obstacles developed. gether with its companion the twin anchors , moorings, pyrotechnics, ex-Holland had been overrun by the Ger- mount, was ready for the fleet in mid- plosives, chemicals, fuzes, sights,mans three months previously and th e 1942. Despite technical and geograph- smokeless powder, smokescreen ma-Admiralty had been unable to remove ical difficulties described, thi s gun was teria ls, hoists, rammers, finders, di-the gun designs to London. The gun in use in the antia ircra ft program one rectors, flares, and a hundred otheralso utilized cert ain Swedish parts. year af te r the Navy first sta rted on things.Designs for these were in Sweden and its development. Rear Admiral George F. Hussey Jr.,thus under watchful German eyes. As vital as was the anti airc raf t USN, recent ly appointed chief of theSome of the optical and electrical production program, it was only one Bureau, is a veteran ordnance officerparts were of native German design of the multiple wa r calls made upon who has spent most of his naval ca-and, of course, unavailable. the Bureau of Ordnance. There were reer alte rnati ng between sea duty andThere was, however, one set of the others equally pressing and equally ordnance production and experiment.Dutch designs in Sourabaya, the exasperating. While perfec ting t he Unt il recently commander of a PacificDutch East Indies. These were pho- protection of naval vessels agains t mine squadron, Admiral Hussey is atographed on microfilm and rushed to enemy airc ra ft, the Bureau was a s recognized authority on production-

Washington. The necessary plans still vital ly concerned with improving the newest and most important ordnanceheld in Sweden were purchased, offensive weapons of it s own air arm. problem.hustled across Gemany right under For the first time in American war Under Admiral Hussefs directionthe ~~~i noses, and flown to ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ .istory, also, the Navy found itself ar e 900 line officers (including 150our ow n optical and electronic en- fighting an offensive torpedo war. WRs) , 120 enlisted men, 23 0 enlistedgineers furnished the partswhich had Heretofore, torpedo defense had been WRs and 1,500 civilians. The Bureaubeen originally German. The N ~ ~ ~ ~he main problem. A two-ocean war, itself is divided into six divisions. Ofordnance experts, by this tirneheaded in Oceans which have gr ea t physical the Bureaus 59 key officers, 37 haveby R~~~ Admiral Blandy as chief of differences, forced a new study of seen active service in this war and 22Bureau, were ready t o go. mine warfa re, The ramifications of of these have been in major battles.Here another arose. The ammunition and ordnance supply were Fifteen have received citations. TheseBofors gun had only single and twin incredible. And even while production officers also alt ernate constantly be-mounts. O ur Navy needed quadruple demands were backbreaking, condi- tween sea duty and tours ashoremounts fo r sufficient volume of fire. tions of the war changed so abruptly so that first-hand information on theThe problem was quickly solved by th at an en tire production program needs and results of ordnance pro-could become obsolete overnight. grams can be constantly checked andlacing two twins On the Same mount And there were other technological, examined.with a space between them. scientific and indus trial worries. The Firs t-hand knowledge is a primeMeanwhile, interpreters, designers scope of these can be visualized by a necessity in a war of fantastic tech-and draftsmen had set to work with study of what constitutes nava l ord- nological advancement. The innova-the Original prints, from nance. In the Bureaus own words, it tions and development of offensiveSwedish and Dutch to is everything you throw at the torpedo wa rfa re offer ZI case in point.mensions, measurements and enemy and everything which stops The torpedo is the most involvedthreads were converted to American what he throws at you. Ordnance is and intricate projectile in the world.standards* The mechanisms were re- a gun which throws a %-inch projec- It consists of some 5,000 finely-for improved fire power, tile and another gun which throws a machined parts. Each completed unit16-inch one. It is a battleship t ur re t costs a sizeable fortune. I t is, to quotepeed and automatic control.So quickly was the Navy version of which weighs as much as a n entire a Bureau spokesman, the no-manthe Bofors gun perfected that it was dest royer and a secret bombsight of submarine..prac tically designed and produced a t intricate and delicate design. It is Yet today torpedoes ar e built whichthe same time. Indeed, the first model electrical computing machines which can be thrown in a curve. They ar e

, was completed before the last draw- think o u t the enemys range and droppetl from airplanes from a heightings. ponderous nets which block his subs which would break every bone in amans body. There are in operationIt is also arm or plate, ammunition, eight torpedo stat ions which producemines, depth charges, booms, buoys, more tin fish in a month than weThe Bofors quadruple mount 40- from o u r harbors..mm. gun, one of the most effectivean tia irc ra ft pieces in the world, to-

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produced during the entire course ofthe last war. These stations turn outtorpedoes which find their proper leveland take dead aim on the target or ,properly set, start off in one directionand, at the proper moment, swingaround and go where theyre supposedto go.Of all the phases of naval ordnance,the most incredible strides probablyhave been made in the field of firecontrol. Modern fire control is almostunbelievable. High in the foretop ofa fighting ship a man sets a super-gunsight, called a director, on the tar-get. He follows his target with thedirector for possibly two seconds. Thedirector transmits its data t o thecontrol room.In the control room, highly compli-cated instruments start t o think.The enemys range, speed, and direc-tion are calculated. Even such vari-ables as the motion of the ear th ar econsidered. Almost immediately, theresult is communicated to the turrets,for train and elevation which areapplied automatically.Gunners set their guns accordingto the findings and instructions of themachines, then blast away. An ex-ample of the volume and control ofgunfire possible aboard a modern war-ship was recently offered by officersand men who watched one of themin action.We thought she was afire, theyrelated. She was a solid mass offlame.All of this fire is directed withdeadly accuracy despite the fact thata warship in battle is usually pitchingand rolling and, furthermore, is blast-ing at an evasive target which is do-ing the same or at an aircraft targetwhich may be moving at a speed of30 0 knots.The automatic fire control directorsguide what is still the most powerfulinstrument of destruction in warf are-the battleships 16-inch projectile.This weighs over a ton, travels at therate of y2 mile per second, carries 25miles, and has nearly pinpointaccuracy.Although modern fire control is theresult of years of scientific experi-mentation, the current war called forextensive revision and innovation. Inrecent months, for instance, virtuallyall naval action in the Pacific has beenof three kinds-night sur face action,antiaircraft and shore bombardment.The days of daylight sluggingmatches seem to have vanished withthe Japs overconfidence, at least untilsuch time as Tojo sends out his shipsfrom near-home bases.,Another new puzzle with this warwas modern mine warfare. Mine war-fa re came of age in the last wa r,when some 80,000 mines were laid inthe North Sea and effectively bottledup German submarines.The Atlantic is considered by ma-riners to be a shallow ocean. Itsmining is a relatively simple matter.

The methods of mine wa rf ar e in adeep ocean such as the Pacific aresomething else again.The Pacific is a t least five milesdeep in some areas. Also, a great por-tion of it never has been char ted indetail. The charts of some of theareas over which important battleshave been fought are ancient and un-reliable. Mine war fa re in the Pacifichas given the Bureau of Ordnanceone of it s most exasperating riddles.Substantial progress has been madebut no discussion is permitted of de-velopments, since the key to defensiveoperations against mines is a knowl-edge of their purpose and the prin-ciple on which the weapon operates.New and effective defensive meas-ures against enemy *mines also havevitally occupied the Bureau more thanever before. Protection of our vastmerchant marine was a prime neces-si ty if lifelines to both sides of theworld were to be kept open.One phase of this protection wasthe degaussing of merchan t shipsagainst magnetic mines. A magneticmine is exploded by the electrical fieldcreated by the ship passing over it.A system of wiring and electricalcharges, called degaussing, now neu-tralizes this magnetic field.Our own merchant marine, as wellas that of o u r Allies, also made oneof the most imperative calls for navalordnance. At this writing, more than4,000 merchant ships have been out-

fitted with Navy guns and antisub-marine weapons.Further, the Bureau of Ordnancehas supplied the ships of 21 Alliednations with Navy ordnance.Our merchant ships today, saidAdmiral Blandy in his last press con-ference as chief of t he Bureau pr iorto returning to sea, are better armedthan some of our warships in the lastwar.Probably the most exciting chaptersin the history of naval ordnance will,someday, be the story of our Navysexperiments and development of se-cret weapons. While scarcely any ref-erence can be made to secret weaponsduring the course of the war, AdmiralBlandy recently admitted :Our secret weapons equal, or evensurpass, anythin g the enemy has. Oneof our inventions was labelled impos-sible by foreign scientists, but we didit. All I can say is that it is an exclu-sively naval weapon.All secret weapons are more or less

the responsibility of the BureausResearch Division. This unit is ascientific octopus which reaches intoindustry, laboratories, colleges, uni-versities, libraries and every othertechnological proving ground. It uti-lizes the most famous talents of sci-ence and industry here and abroad.At this writing, Professor Albert Ein-stein is one of many far -famed scien-tists engrossed with a naval ordnanceproblem.

Official U. S. Navy photographDEPTH CHARGE : Set to explode at a predstermilzed deprh a d ime , th eouergrowlz pot ato masher goes blcrtlilzg of f th e s t e m sf a PC boat.

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M A I N BATTEKY of a modern U . S . warship poursforth smoke, flame amd steel in action i m the Pacific .Each gun thro ws a pro jec ti le w e ighin g over a ton .BOFORS 40-m m. ba t te ry , one of the w or la s most e f fec-tive antiaircraft weapons, sends a protective streamof explo sive skyw ard from a U.S. aircraft carrier. .

It is doubtful if the enemy has yetobtained any samples of Navy secretweapons. When a naval battle is lost,such weapons usually go to the bot-tom with the ship. When the Doolittlepilots took off on their Tokyo raidthey removed the Norden bombsights( a Bureau of Ordnance development)and substituted home-made affairs.Some of the planes crash-landed inJapanese-held territor y but the Ja psare still minus the highly prized Nor-den sight.With the war now turn ing from adefensive to an offensive struggle, theBureau of Ordnance is faced with aset of entirely new tactical demands.Admiral Hussey is not only chargedwith maintenance and continued sup-ply of the ordnance programs alreadyunder way, but he also must turn theBureaus resources to production ofimplements of war to meet vastlychanged conditions.

The landing craft program, whichcurrently has highest priority, callsfor the development of special ord-nance. A year ago rockets and rocketwarfare, for instance, were unheardof in all save inner military circles.Today, the rocket is the most dis-cussed of newer weapons i n the publicprints and conversation. Some officialintimation of t he strides i n rocketsand rocket planes has come recently.Even as these new measures areperfected, however, newer and moremodern countermeasures will call forstill newer and more modern innova-tions.Nor can these changing demands becalculated in advance. One example ofthe demands of expediency concernsPT boats in the South Pacific.P T boats are primarily surface to r -pedo throwers. As they continued t ocripple Japanese shipping, the Japsturned to armored barges and small

Official U. S. Navy photographsB A T T L E S T A T I O N S o n a large merchant vessel: A 4.5-inch gu n and two20-mm. Oerlikolz alztiaircraft g u m are mamned by N av y A rmed Guardcrew s. Evem U . S . merchalztmen in this war are better armed thalz somewarships ie W o r l d W a r I .

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coastal vessels as supply and replace-ment runners for their outpost troops.These craft are difficult targets for atorpedo because of shallow draft.Also, it hurts t o send a $12,000 tinfish after a target which may not beworth as much as the instrument ofdestruction from eitfier a tactical ormonetary standpoical. and 20-mm. antia ircr aft guns butthese were too light fo r penetration.They needed a rapidrfire gun capableof firing and destroying a barge. Theanswer was our old friend the Bofors40-mm. Soon the di s were re-peating Our light units de-stroyed six loaded and dam-aged nine more.. .. President Roose-velt recently referred t o these de-structions as one of the real andimportant victories in the Pacific.No ordnance expert could haveforeseen that the defensive Boforsgun would be combined with the of-fensive PT boat to furnish a newnaval weapon in a specialized field.But the combination offered an un-expected supply problem which hadto be solved in a hurry.The Japanese, incidentally, toldtheir people via Radio Tokyo that ourlight cruisers ,were crippling theirsupply lines. Maybethey still think so .The Bureau believes that its dis-coveries and developments of this warwill have a lasting effect on manyphases of peacetime living, Alreadythere is a basic optical industrywhich, expanded, will replace the pre-war German monopoly. Naval ord-nance has also been in the van in thedevelopment of plastics, one of thecoming important industries.The end opf the war, however, willnot stdp the progress of naval ord-nance. A peacetime program will beadvocated which may offer an ord-nance course in most scientific schoolsand colleges. Naval ordnance develop-ments of today and tomorrow willdoubtless open many new avenues ofpeacetime progress.


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and a team of four Seabees rescued90 men from that vessel, pulling themout of t he wate r. Meanwhile Seabeeswent about their job of unloading sup-ply vessels and also salvaged 100 smallboats which had been used in creatingthe invasion bridgehead.The salvage dump is a treasure storeto inventive Seabees. Faced with theshortage of machinery, they haveproved that necessity is the motherof invention. Such ingenuity had itsreward in ice cream for dinner onenight in a tropical clearing boundedby sea and jungle.After unloading the last of a longline of transports , the battalion ofstevedore and longshoremen specialistswas in the mood for a celebration. Thecook took stock:Weve got some powdered milk, eggsand sugar, so we could have ice creamif you fellows would go a little light onthe sugar in your Java for awhile. Butyou might as well forget it. We donthave an ice-cream freezer.Dont take anything for granted,someone yelled back, and the Seabeeswent scavenging.One man chiseled the head off a bigoil drum. Another found a smallerdrum and fitted it into the lar ger one,with just enough clearance for brine.

A discarded brass tubing was woundaround a palm stump to make a coolingcoil. Fins for the agitator were cutfrom a big artillery shell, and brazedonto an old steel shaft. With otherasserted items, the collection was as-sembled, polished and tinplated, thenhooked up t o a dough-mixing machineand refrigerator. In went 10 gallonsof the cooks mix, and out came icecream.

Seabees adapt themselves to what-ever materials and supplies are avail-able. Thus, after oil drums had beenused in carrying fuel to the South Pa-cific, Seabees used the empty drumsfor making culverts along swamproads, hot-cake grills, trusses t o rein-force building construction, buoyantsfor rafts and even for a small floatingdrydock, basins, tubs, piping and rip-rapping; drums were flattened byrollers t o make roofing material, filledwith sand and used as baffles for build-ings.

One chief shipfitter built the follow-ing machinery, mostly from the scrapheap :A 23-inch drill press, made from anautomobile transmission, 8-inch chan-nel iron and two bomb-bay screws froma B-17.

A lawnmower, complete with 2-horsepower motor and a set of t ires .A bolt threader constructed from anautomobile transmission and a pipevice.One of the special Seabee battalionstrained particularly fo r the job of get-ting supplies from ships to shore atadvanced bases has been commendedfour times-by an y Army commander.a naval base commander, a Marinecommander and a Navy service squad-ron commander. One of the naval offi-cers said tha t the work of this battalionhelped to eliminate one of the princi-pal bottlenecks t o the wa r effort in theSouth Pacific. When the battalion ar-rived at a South Pacific base, it foundthe port congested with a number ofships riding a t anchor while unload-ing, offering tempting targets for Japbombers. The Seabee specials turnedt o and g ot the ships unloaded quicklyand sent back to home ports.Another battalion made possible oneof the springboards of at tack in theNew Guinea offensive last summer bycarving an airfield out of a dense tropi-cal jungle under torrential rains in 13days. During the first 11 days, 1 6 %inches of ra in fell. The fighting build-ers landed early on the morning of 2July, and by 0700 the work was under


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way while supplieunloaded. Huge trcmited. Bulldozers kthrough dense undetinued 24 hours adeluge and bombin14 July a 3,000-fo(wide had been SUIand a half of cruswas ready fo r use.Working underconditions, a grourwinter of 1942 recaa section of floatibroke loose from i tand was threatenecstruction on a rockThe first citationSeabee was awarcconstruction workOctober, 1942. Laawarded the Silverfor manning a macair raid and firiiShortly afterward 1tion while workingloaded with gasolini

* by an enemy bomb.The Seabees defe-defend thei r inst:very lives, if neetchanged indeed fro

s 2 C , USNR, O T

mate,,erator,pefitterIerman,, sheet-, steeldriver,builder,Ian,erk,nail;ail-

leeslox,:earnowpornin-I ofour)t slishou r


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Survival in the South SeasThe Story of a Naval Aviators 20 Days on a Raft, WithNotes by BuM&S on What He Did to Keep Himself Alive

Lt. (jg) GEORGE H. SMITHOn 14 July my flight took off fromat 1330 for a routinedcats. E n route t o Munda we en-

a series of thunderheadsso well developed that wet o the south, and arrived on

Though our mission w as combat pa-startt o get us home by

would be best t o fly on the water,. Flying through the clouds on, we hoped to break out byg o t to the Russell Islands.

My compass, unfortuna tely, was notso my only hope was to fly

ds a t the easte rn end of NewIt wouldt o continueI

so I returned t oI decided to tr y to go aroundt o the south and possibly gett o the Russell Is lands before run-a landingI came down in the watert 1900, I was between 50 to 70 miles

Landing a Wildcat on the ocean isitt o go down. After the belly

15 or 20 feet, then nosedFortunately, I was preparh. I hadI had ana canteen and an extra emergency

I

shoulder straps and safety belt weredrawn as tight as I could get them.When the plane stopped its forwardmotion, I disengaged the safety har-ness, kept my parachute buckled onme, gave a hard push with my legs andwent about five feet up t o the surfaceMy rubber raft was of the small,one-man, seat-pack type that is an in-tegral p ar t of the seat-type parachute.Once in the water, it took about fiveminutes t o unpack and inflate the raf t.It was dark when I landed on theThis naval aviators experience in

the South Pacific attracted con-siderable attention when it wasused as the basis for a sequence inthe comic strip,Don Winslow of theNavy. His informal report is re-printed here in main, with severalpanels from the comic strip usedby permission of Bell Syndicate,Inc., and with interpolated com-ments (in italics) prepared by theBureau of Medicine and Surgery asa guide to other personnel who mayfind themselves similarly at sea.

water but, despite tha t fact, I finallysucceeded in removing and inflatingthe raft. I dumped my heavy, water-soaked parachute pack into the raft

~ and painstakingly worked myselfaboard, being careful a ll the while nott o capsize the raft and run the riskof losing it in the dark. Completelyexhausted, I lay athwartships for al-most five minutes, vomiting up the seawater I had swallowed during thestruggle in the water. When I was suf-ficiently rested, I worked myself far-ther into the raft and assumed thesitting position from which, but for avery few exceptions, I was not to stirfor 20 days.The night air blowing through mywater-soaked clothes gave me a chill,but I shivered for nearly two hoursbefore I finally weakened and decidedto unpack my parachute for a blanket.(This is an example of why theNavv is so interested i n exposure suits.

The Naval Medical Research Instituteis working on a suit which will meetthese needs. Lt. Smiths experiencealso shows that a tarpaulin to servef o r protection and f o r collection o frain water should be a part of all raftequipment. Ex tr a pieces of his para-chute might have been used as a seaanchor.)Once unpacked, the chute was so bigand clumsy that there was not roomin the raft for all of it. I therefore cutoff half the shroud lines and stowedthem in the raft against possible fu-ture need, and cut off the top half ofthe canopy to use as a blanket. Therest I tied in a bundle, secured t o theraft with an eight-inch length ofshroud line, and, along with the packand harness, t hrew them overboard.By this time, the moon was wellabove the horizon. It was a friendly,full moon, which I was destined t o ob-serve through one complete phase be-fore it should finally disappear andleave me lost and lonely amidst end-less black nights. 5 decided to try toget a little sleep. Unable t o lie downin the little raft, I devised a methodof sleeping in the s itti ng position. Itucked my parachute silk under myfeet, pulled it back over my knees andover my head, then tucked it in behindme. The silk would then support myhead, throwing the weight against myfeet. Even with that device, I was un-able t o get more than two or threehours of sleep each night. The wavesand swells were consistently 1 0 to 20feet high. As soon as I would doze off,a wave would break over the boat andwake me up. Then I would bail out thewater, doze again, another wave, andso on into the night.

The days were hot, the nights werecold, and the wind and waves weremerciless. To combat the hea t of theday, I kept my flight suit, helmet,shoes, sun glasses and even my gloveson. I made a mask out of parachutesilk for my face. As a result I sufferedvery little from sunburn. My lightbrown hair bleached t o a pale yellowdespite my helmets protection.(This was the ve ry best thing he


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blockTheGlasgqdestroFrancOurenem?tempt,and (enem3Hisearlvthe "s(fire ohour Itime Bera1 eHalCommNavy,tors rfighterMosqujesty'nby a :Theness tescapepursuinorth.lastedto use

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7th Army Air Force planes attac ked Mille Eneniy bombers made three raids on Ing two Small Vessels.Atoll in the Marshall Islands in daylight 13 Mxkin and two on Tara via on the night of On 18 January Jabor Island was at-January (west longitude date). Buildings 15 January. tacked by D auntl ess dive bombers of th ein the cantonm ent were set afire and ulanes There was no auureciable damage to our 7th Air Force. Fires were sta rted in fuelon the ground were damaged by machine-gun fire. emy plane was sh ot down at 'Makin. down.installations. Casu alties were light: One en- storage areas. Two of our planes were shotPage 46


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b l l c ljig-Endonofanding*no,Lde,,lineby-thetollwasiersthebe-ofuthsidetheadeI'hemalsid-Eor-1 to

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Official U. S. Navy photographDESTROYER OFFICER HONORED: Lt,Comdr. Lewis L. Snider, USN, ofFaulkton, S. Dak., receives the SilverStar Medal fr om Admiral William F .Halsey, USN, at South Pacific head-quarters. He was cited for conspicuousgallantry while serving as executiveofficerof the USS Nicholas which par-ticipated in the sinking of a Jafi cruiserand three destroyers i m the Battle ofKula Gulf.

,

CBM, USN, Cisco, Tex., and James 0.Noorlander, EM2c, USN, Los Angeles,Calif. :While operating a motor whale-boat during the rescue of survivorsalongside the USS Wa s p , they riskedtheir lives in explosions, oil fires andfalling debris t o cut loose and savemen who had become entangled in thelines while abandoning ship.* El i E. Masse, CMoMM, USN, Chico-pee Falls, Mass. :During eight patrolsin dangerous waters, he was respon-sible in large measure for the successo$ numerous attacks on Japanese ship-* Emil Ade, TMlc, USN, Withrow,Minn. : His technical knowledge andcourage under extremely adverse con-ditions were of gre at assistance insinking or damaging much enemy ship-ping during four extensive patrols onwhich he was in charge of the aftertorpedo room.* Wallace K. Bulgrin, SMlc, USNR,Rockford, 111.: Operat ing a motorwhaleboat during the rescue of sur-

ping.

Official U. S. Navy photographPUBMARINER HONORED: Nicholas ABruck, CMoMM, USN, of Vallejo ,Calif., received the Navy and MarineCorps Medal fo r performing his dutiesaboard a submarine with courage andskill during jive war patrols,- age 62

vivors alongside the uss Wasp, hebraved explosions, fiercely burning oilfires and falling debris to cut loose andsave men entangled in lines whileabandoning ship.*H en ry H-. Dozier, MoMMlc, USN,Portsmouth, N. H.: As throttlemanaboard a submarine during five pa-trols, he rendered valuable assistancein keeping the main engines in operat-ing condition throughout these mis-sions and in sinking a warship andother vessels, totaling 59,417 tons, anddamaging 26,300 tons of shipping, in-cluding another warship.* Douglas I. Peterson, MoMMlc, USN,Downey, Calif. :Manning an importantstation in the after engine room of asubmarine, he performed his dutieswith outstanding professional ability.His courage was a n inspiration t o hisshipmates:*Newton G. Rich. TMlc . USN. FortWorth, Tex., and Raymond J. Chrzan,TM3c, USNR, Troy, Pa.: While servingin a submarine on war patrol theyvolunteered to man a rubber boat andassist in a reconnaissance of an en-emy-held island. After completingtheir mission they helped evacuate alarg e party from the beach. When theboat capsized in the heavy surf, theirseamanship and courage were respsn-sible for righting the c raft. ,*Charles E. Wiegand, BMlc, USCG,Sturgeon Bay, Wis.; Frank M. Cun-ningham, SoM2c, USCG, Somerville,Mass., and Henry J. Logar, QM2c,USCG, Enumclaw, Wash.: During therescue of survivors f rom a wreckedmerchant ship in the North Atlantic inexceptionally rough seas, they wentover the side of their Coast Guard cut-ter and descended to survivors whowere clinging helplessly t o the cargonet after their life raft had capsized.They succeeded in carry ing two of theexhausted seamen up the net.*James M. Irwin, PhMZc, USNR, Kan-sas City, Mo.: When a Jap plane at-t a c k e d his ad-vanced seaplanebase on FloridaIsland on 22 Feb-ruary 1943, heshielded himselfwith a wet mat-tress and cour-ageously rescuedan officer and twow o u n d e d menfrom flames andburs t ing shel l s .Although- explod- J. M. Irwin, PhM2ci n g s m a l l - a r m sammunition penetrated the mattressseveral times, he persevered until theinjured had been carried to a place ofsafety.* Charles J. J. McGrath, SoMBc, USCG,Philadelphia, Pa.; Stanley J. Koro-wicki, Slc, USCGR, Erie, Pa,, and JohnA. Barret t , S ~ C ,CGR, Rensselaer,N. Y . : During the rescue of survivorsfrom the uss Plymouth, they volun-teered to man a small boat. Althoughthe small craft was half swamped inlaunching, they worked tirelessly t okeep it from being smashed or floodedand finally picked up several survivorsfrom the shark-infested sea.* Ralph M. Miller, EM2c, USNR, Ama-r?llo, Tex.: When his warship, dur ingescort of convoy operations, was at-tacked by German aircraft on 2 Sep-

tember 1943, his heroic conduct was inkeeping with the highest traditions ofthe naval service.*Joseph F. Little, GM3c, USNR, andGeorge J. Erbsland, S ~ C ,SNR, both ofNew York, N. Y.: When a planecrashed at the Naval Air Station,Quonset Point, R. I., on 14 June 1943and burs t into flames on top of a revet-ment containing 55 1,000-pound bombs,they ra n to the aid of the pilot who wastrapped in the blazing fuselage. Theycut the parachute straps, pulled thehelpless man f ree and extinguished hisflaming clothing with their bare hands.

* Lt. Comdr. Rhodam Y. McElroy, Jr.,USN, Lebanon, Ky.: As commander ofa dive-bomber squadron in the Solo-mons from 27 June t o 1 2 July 1943, heled four highly successful attacksagainst heavily fortified installationson Munda and one attack against abeached Jap destroyer on Kolomban-gara Island and personally scored num-erous hits.* Lieut. Jesse B. Jolly, USNR, Turlock,Calif.: When an Army bomber wasforced down a t sea near Kiska, helanded his patrol plane on the waterwithin close ran ge of enemy shore bat-teries and rescued the crew of the crip-pled bomber. Despite the excessiveweight, he made a skillful take-off withthe six officers and men and flew themto safety.* Lieut. Tony F. Schneider, USN,Hillsboro, Mo.: As a dive-bomber pilotin the Solomons from 26 April t o 26July 1943, he attacked antiaircraftbatteries, troop concentrations and sup-ply dumps and inflicted severe damage.On 22 July he assisted in sinking onelar ge seaplane tender and in the dam-aging of a destroyer.* Lt. (jg) Thomas D. Roach, USNR,Bogota, Tex. (missing in ac tio n) :Leading his four-plane fighter divisionon 33 combat missions, he personallyshot down four twin-engined bombersdur ing two of these engagements (21June t o 1 7 Ju ly 1943, Solomons area) .* Lt. (jg) George J. Seel, USNR,Maplewood, N. J.: As pilot of a fighterescorting a force of bombers overKahili on 18 July 1943, he skillfullyengaged and shot down two enemyfighters.

* Comdr. John Hulme, USN, Boston,Mass.: While commanding a torpedobomber squadron from 5 June t o 18July 1943 in the Solomons area, he ledhis squadron in nine highly successfulattacks against J ap positions at Mundaand Vila.* Comdr. Robert A. Rosasco, USN,Pensacola, Fla.: On 18 June 1943 heled a flight of six planes in an attackon the enemy base a t Nauru Island,flying for long periods entirely by in-strument. Despite heavy antiaircraft


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Infantf t er Being Star tedPersonnel of the fourth, fifth, sixth

t of Labor, should inform their de-o rer, Bfter his initial application fore promoted, discharged,or missing in' action, ort oor change physicians,t o receive services available un-

For purposes of eligibility, the datef application is the da te when an ap-(or local) health agency, whethero r by letter o r by tele-

cation is theto the records of the s ta te o r

Fo r full information concerning thise with the Director of Ma-oftate health department of the s tat eich they a re residing. Persons re-es which have nota plan under this program

of Labor, Wash-

tw eight MagazinesOn l yIn the January issue, the INFORMA-

BULLETIN eported th at threeFlying, Popularand Radio News, areIt should be noted that these

A listing of the month'sAlNazls will be f o u d on page66 of this issue.-ies than they receive may make appli-cation for them to the Marine CorpsAssociation, USMC Headquarters,Washington 25, D. C.The standard edition of the MarineCorps Gazette will continue t o g o t omembers of the association, a s in thepast.

Qualifications For N e wRatings Are Published

Qualifications are published in theN.D. Bul. (semi-monthly) of 31 De-cember 1943 f o r all grades of the fol-lowing recently established ratings:Aviation machinist's mates (C) ,(H) , ( I ) , (P ); aviation ordnancemen(T ) and (B) ; specialist ( R ) ; tele-graphers; special artificer ( D ) ; avia-ion machinist's mates and printer (M).Changes also are listed in qualifica-tions for flight training leading to des-ignation as naval av iators and aviationpilots, as published in the N.D. Bul-letin of 15 August 1943, R-1323.0 f-D uty E ducationGiuen R ecognit ion

Naval personnel who complete corre-spondence courses through the U. S.

Armed Forces Insti tute, Madison, Wis.,will have that iltformation placed intheir permanent records.Commanding officers will notifyBuPers by let ter of each officer who hascompleted a course. In the case of en-listed personnel, an entry giving thesame information will be made on Page9 of the service record, in the followinggeneral form: "John Smith, Y2c, USNR,has successfully completed the ccursein Elementary Physics under Educa-tional Services Program." (Details inN.D. Bul. [semi-monthly], of 15 De-cember 1943, R-1700.)

Ben eficiary SlipsReq uired of CertaiGAu kt io n CadetsAll A-V(N) Navy officers andNAVC Marine officers who achievedaviation-cadet status on or before 3September 1942 ar e required t o executea beneficiary slip, if they have not al-ready done so, and forward it t o BuPerso r the' Commandant, U. S. MarineCorps. Those who became aviation ca-dets after 3 September are not re-quired t o make out a beneficiary slip.Officers in these classifications who

desire to change beneficiaries may ac-complish this by executing a slip in du-plicate and forwarding it direct toBuPers or the Marine Corps. (Detailsin N.D. Bul. [semi-monthly], of 31 De-cember 1943.)

DISTRIBUTION of the INFORMATION BULLETINBy BuPers Circular Letter No, 162-43 (appearing as R-1362 in the NavyPepartment Bulletin of 1 September 1943 ) , the Bureau directed that appro-priate steps be taken to insure that all hands have quick and convenientaccess t o the BuPers INFORMATIONULLETIN, nd-indicated tha t distributionshould be effected on the basis of one copy for each ten officers and enlistedpersonnel t o accomplish the directive.In most instances, the circulation of the INFORMATIONULLETIN as beenincreased in accordance with complement and on-board count statistics in theBureau, on the basis of one copy for each ten officers and enlisted personnel.Because intra-activity shifts affect the Bureau statistics, and because organ-ization of some activities may require more copies than normally indicatedt o effect thorough distribution to all hands, the Bureau invites requests foradditional copies as necessary to comply with the basic directive. Thismagazine is intended for all hands and commanding officers should takenecessary steps t o make it available accordingly.Normally copies are distributed only to activities on the Standard NavyDistribution List in the expectation that these activities will make furtherdistribution as necessary; where special circumstances warrant sendingdirect to sub-activities, the Bureau should be informed.The Bureau should be kept informed of changes in the numbers of copiesrequired; requests received by the 20th of the month can be effected withthe succeeding issue.I t is pointed out that the pro- rata distribution does not allow f o r personalcopies, and tha t if everu magazine is to have its ten readers, it must bepassed along and not retained f o r private use.

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All Hands Naval Bulletin - Feb 1944