All Great Thinkers/Theorists have Multiple Character Aspects in Common.

(Just Concentrate on Development, Learning, Social Sciences, and Education for a second)

Freud, Erikson, Piaget,Vygotsky, Bandura,Skinner, Jung, James, Ebbinghaus, Watson, Kohlberg and many

many more. . .

Their Share the following SkillSet: ➤ Tragic Life Events, usually in the early stages of life. ➤ Unprecedented Powers of Observation. ➤ The Ability to Predict Patterns of Behavior over Periods in a Lifetime.

and ➤ They Think Exponentially.

Bowlby’s and Ainsworth’s Contributions

John Bowlby and Mary AinsworthAttachment Theory and more. . .

Learning and Cognition EDCI 6304Jonathan Morgan Jones Sr.

How Attachment Forms Our Relationships for the Rest of Our Lives

John Bowlby Significant Events: Who was He?

Bowlby’s Theories are effected by his past➤ Strict British Upbringing

➤ Emotional Discourse, Strict Discipline, and a need to be Tough!➤ Nanny and Early Loss. Traumatic. Driving force later in Life.

➤ This loss had a profound effect.Later Bowlby commented that the loss of his Nanny was like losing his mother. This event later fueled his passion for studying child psychology, more especially children suffering from maternal deprivation.

➤ Boarding School, No Parental Influences Established. ➤ Graduated Medical School at Cambridge 1928

➤ Drawn towards developmental psychology

➤ Back to College to study Child Psychology and Psychoanalysis

➤ Initial Theory Develops.While working as a volunteer, with maladjusted children, it became apparent to Bowlby, “That a close attachment to a primary caregiver might be crucial for the child’s well being and positive psychological growth”.

➤ Accepted into the British Psychoanalytic Society ➤ Breaks against popular Kleinian “Fantasy Focus” of Psychoanalysis

➤ Published 5 Books and Reports ➤ 1946: Maternal Care and Mental health, Geneva, WHO. ➤ The nature of the child’s tie to his mother, Inter Journal of

Psychoanalysis, 39, 1-23. ➤ 1968: Attachment and Loss, Vol.1: Attachment, ➤ 1973: Attachment and Loss, Vol.2:Separation, Anxiety, and Anger. ➤ 1980: Attachment and Loss, Vol.3:Loss, Sadness, and Depression.

Main Points of Attachment Theory ➤ Children have the innate need to attach to a main figure, caregiver,

considered a primary attachment. ➤ If the attachment is lost, it becomes monotrophy, maternal

deprivation hypothesis ➤ Receive continuous care of this most important figure for the first

two to three years of life. If successful, an internal working model will establish itself in the child

Bowlby (1951) claimed that mothering is almost useless if delayed until after two and a half to three years.

➤ If the attachment is indeed broken during the crucial period, the child will suffer irreversible long term consequences of maternal deprivation including hampered cognitive abilities, as well as long term social and emotional difficulties.

➤ Delinquency, reduced intelligence, increased aggression, depression, and *affectionless psych-pathy

➤ The best possible outcome:Attachment occurred, then what? A model of others being trustworthy; (coincides with Erikson’s Trust vs. Mistrust), an idea that the self is valuable, and an overall understanding that the self is able to interact with others.

Mary Ainsworth Significant Events

➤ Early work dealt with maternal separation and child development. ➤ Comparison between groups of disturbed mother-child bonds

against normal mother-child bonds. Results backed Bowlby’s Theories.

➤ A “Strange Situation”, 1970’s, it demonstrated secure attachment. If attachments were insecure, they fell into one of three groups;

➤ Anxious-resistant insecure attachment ➤ Anxious-avoidant insecure attachment ➤ Disorganized/disorientated attachment

➤ Published 3 Major Works ➤ 1965: Bowlby and Ainsworth; Child Care and the Growth of Love ➤ 1967: Ainsworth; Infancy in Uganda ➤ 1978: Ainsworth; Patterns of Attachment

Mary Ainsworth

Questions Concerning AttachmentWhat if the innate needs of the child are not meet?

Could insecure attachments cause: ➤ Detachment Disorders?

➤ Lay groundwork for Deviant Behavior?

➤ Failure in Psychosocial Phases?

➤ Prevent bonding with future people; spouses, children, friends?

➤ Can a Detachment Disorder be overcome?

Questions Concerning AttachmentAdult Attachment

Find your Attachment Stylehttp://www.web-research-design.net/cgi-bin/crq/crq.pl

References

Bretherton, I. (1992). The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Developmental Psychology 28, 759-775

Brodie, R. (2012). Mary Ainsworth and attachment theory. Retrieved from http://www.childdevelopmentmedia.com/mary-ainsworth.html.

Cherry, K. (2012). John Bowlby Biography. Retrieved from http:// psychology.about.com/od/profilesal/p/john-bowlby.htm.

Hoover, J. (2004). John Bowlby on human attachment. Retrieved from http:// www.cyc-net.org/cyc-online-0304-bowlby.html.

John Bowlby. (n.d.). In New World Encyclopedia on-line. Retrieved from http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/john_bowlby.