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All About the Jellyfish! According to scientists even before dinosaurs ... jellyfish were already drifting on gentle ocean currents, stinging their prey. These are perhaps the most enigmatic, alien looking marine animals in the world. They are the oldest multicell organism we know and have more than 2,000 different species. They can be found in any ocean, and at any depth. Some glow, some change colors and some even live forever. Jellyfish don't fight the flow of the ocean, they have drifted on it for millions of years, and were old even when the dinosaurs roamed the planet. Few marine animals are as mysterious and alien as the jellyfish. This type of jellyfish, in the photo above, has tentacles that can reach up to 4.5 meters (15 feet) long.

All About the Jellyfish ?water#Sea#Jelly:#The#midwater#scyphomedusa#Atolla#tenella,#as#seen#Topleft: under#a#microscope. Topright:#Atollais#ajellyfish#common#from#mid?water,#about#500#meters#deep,#where#

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All  About  the  Jellyfish! According  to  scientists  even  before  dinosaurs  ...  jellyfish  were  already  drifting  on  gentle  ocean  currents,  stinging  their  prey.  These  are  perhaps  the  most  enigmatic,  alien  looking  marine  animals  in  the  world.  They  are  the  oldest  multi-­‐cell  organism  we  know  and  have  more  than  2,000  different  species.  They  can  be  found  in  any  ocean,  and  at  any  depth.  Some  glow,  some  change  colors  and  some  even  live  forever.

Jellyfish  don't  fight  the  flow  of  the  ocean,  they  have  drifted  on  it  for  millions  of  years,  and  were  old  even  when  the  dinosaurs  roamed  the  planet.  Few  marine  animals  are  as  mysterious  and  alien  as  the  jellyfish.  This  type  of  jellyfish,  in  the  photo  above,  has  tentacles  that  can  reach  up  to  4.5  meters  (15  feet)  long.

Inside  what  is  known  as  the  'bell'  or  'umbrella'  shape  of  the  jellyfish  body,  is  a  mouth  opening.  Their  tentacles  have  stinging  cells  that  stun  or  paralyze  their  prey  before  they  bring  it  up  to  the  mouth  to  be  eaten.  While  most  jellyfish  are  content  to  float  and  drift  on  the  ocean  currents,  they  can  squirt  water  from  their  mouths  to  propel  them  forward.

Butterfly  looking  Jellyfish.

We  may  not  need  to  look  far  to  see  alien  forms,  perhaps  just  explore  the  depths  of  our  oceans.  A  few  years  ago,  a  leading  British  space  scientist  claimed  aliens  do  exist  and  that  they  look  like  big  jellyfish!

This  is  a  “Mauve  Stinger”  in  Australia,  the  second  most  feared  jellyfish  in  Australian  waters,  after  the  dreaded  'box  jellyfish'.

The  amazing  looking  'Medusa  Cassiopea'  lives  primarily  in  the  Mediterranean  sea.

This  'crown  jellyfish'  can  be  distinguished  from  others  by  the  deep  groove  running  around  the  bell  shaped  body,  giving  it  a  sort  of  crown  shape  which  is  the  origin  of  the  name.  They  are  usually  found  in  deep  sea  environments,  but  from  time  to  time  can  be  caught  closer  to  the  surface,  like  this  one.

Papuan  Jellyfish  (Mastigias  papua)  in  a  special  exhibit  at  the  Monterrey  Bay  Aquarium.

From  Manila  ocean  park,  a  display  of  sea  jellies.  Evidence  suggests  that  jellyfish  are  older  than  dinosaurs  by  as  much  as  400  million  years!

This  amazing  photo  is  of  a  group  of  fish  following  a  huge  transparent  jellyfish  as  it  drifts  on  the  currents.  The  type  of  jellyfish  is  known  as  'Aurelia  Aurita',  and  it  has  toxins  in  its  tentacles.  Jellyfish  will  sting  anything  that  comes  in  contact  with  them,  be  they  fish,  mammal  or  human.

Papuan  Jellyfish  (Mastigias  papua)  in  a  special  exhibit  at  the  Monterrey  Bay  Aquarium.  

This  jellyfish  was  discovered  on  a  special  mission  by  the  National  Oceans  and    Atmospheric  Administration  (NOAA)  to  the  hidden  depths  of  the  sea  canyons.

 

The  'Tiburonia  granrojo'  jellyfish  was  recently  discovered.  This  jellyfish  can  get  up  to  onemeter  (3.2  feet)  in  diameter.

The  'Cassiopea'  is  also  known  as  the  'upside-­‐down'  jellyfish.  Their  tentacles,  while  not  high  in  toxins,  cause  a  very  annoying  itch,  that  appears  as  a  red  rash  on  the  skin.  A  group  of  jellies  is  called  a  'swarm'  or  a  'Smack'.

Some  types  of  jellies  are  actually  fluorescent.  These  were  shot  in  an  aquarium  in  Holland.

These  'moon  jellyfish'  are  some  of  the  most  common  type  of  jellies  found  in  aquariums  around  the  world.  They  are  slightly  venomous  and  can  cause  itches  and  burning  pain.

Jellyfish  at  the  Osaka  Aquarium.

This  Mauve  Stinger  jellyfish  was  shot  near  the  south  coast  of  Sardinia,  Italy.

Marine  biologists  are  still  discovering  new  types  of  jellyfish  that  carry  their  own  light  (or  in  other  words,  have  'bio-­‐luminescence').  Many  of  them  can  glow  and  light  up  in  myriad  colours,  sometimes  as  a  warning  to  other  creatures  to  'stay  away'.

This  jellyfish  lights  up  in  pale  blue.

A  delicate  looking  jelly  in  white  and  pink.

This  jelly  is  of  the  Cassiopeia  Mediterranean  species,  and  usually  can  reach  to  about  30  cm  (1  foot)  in  diameter.  It  has  numerous  short  tentacles.

Olindias  formosa  at  Osaka  Aquarium.  This  jelly  lives  on  small  fish,  and  although  its  sting  can  be  painful,  it  poses  no  actual  risk  to  humans.

The  'sea  nettle'  is  a  bit  transparent  and  sometimes  comes  with  stripes,  sometimes  not.  It  has  a  saucer  like  shape  and  arms  attached  to  the  underside  of  the  mouth.  It  has  long  tentacles  that  can  reach  several  feet  in  length.

On  the  left:  A  'Pink  Meanie'  jellyfish  (aka  Drymonema  larsoni),  a  species  found  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Caribbean  actually  feeds  on  smaller  jellyfish  known  as  'moon  jellies'  (Aurelia).  On  the  right:  A  newly  discovered  jellyfish  'Narcomedusae'  with  four  main  tentacles  and  a  curious  finding  -­‐  another  4  secondary,  smaller  tentacles  at  the  very  edge  of  its  body.  When  looking  for  food,  this  jellyfish  holds  its  long  tentacles  in  front  in  order  to  ambush  its  prey  more  effectively.

Aurelia  aurita  jellyfish  seen  during  Operation  Deep  Scope,  surrounded  by  a  group  of  curious  fish.

Exploring  the  bottom  of  the  ocean.

Top  left:  Mid-­‐water  Sea  Jelly:  The  mid-­‐water  scyphomedusa  Atolla  tenella,  as  seen  under  a  microscope.

Top  right:  Atolla  is  a  jellyfish  common  from  mid-­‐water,  about  500  meters  deep,  where  there  is  still  a  small  amount  of  sunlight,  to  depths  of  4,500  meters,  far  below  the  limit  of  sunlight’s  penetration.  Where  there  is  light,  its  red  color  looks  black,  making  it  hard  to  see.  It  also  produces  brilliant  bio-­‐luminescence,  possibly  to  frighten  predators.

Lower  left:  Alien-­‐looking  creatures,  like  this  deep-­‐red  jellyfish,  Crossota  norvegica,  float  in  the  Arctic  Sea.

Lower  right:  Operation  Deep  Scope  NOAA:  Eye-­‐in-­‐the-­‐Sea  Bio-­‐luminescence  —  The  deep-­‐sea  scyphozoan  jellyfish,  Atolla  wyvillei,  as  seen  under  white  light.

A  beautifully  fluorescent  jellyfish  in  an  aquarium  in  Connecticut.

A  swarm  of  see  nettles  (Chrysaora  fuscescens).

A  beautiful  way  to  get  stung.  Be  careful!

Top:  A  sea  nettle  shot  at  the  Monterrey  Bay  Aquarium  in  California.

Bottom:  A  black  sea  nettle  with  four  arms  that  can  extend  to  several  feet.  Their  sting  usually  comes  with  a  burning  sensation  and  their  toxins  are  classified  as  moderate  to  severe.  In  other  words,  if  you  see  these  in  the  water,  do  NOT  go  in!  This  jelly  is  also  a  giant  jelly,  reaching  1  meter  (3  feet)  in  size,  while  its  tentacles  can  reach  up  to  a  whopping  6  meters  (20  feet)  in  length!

 

A  'Purple-­‐Striped  Jellyfish'.  Shot  at  the  Monterrey  Bay  Aquarium  in  California.  This  is  the  most  known  form  of  jellyfish  and  the  shape  most  of  us  would  recognize  as  the  'classic'  jellyfish.

The  yellow  Nomura  Jelly  shot  in  Little  Munsom  Island  in  South  Korea.

On  the  left:  A  tiny  but  very  dangerous  Portuguese  'Man-­‐O-­‐War'.  It  may  be  small,  but  its  sting  has  been  compared  to  a  Cobra’s  bite!  This  is  in  fact  not  a  'true  jellyfish',  but  a  collection  of  multiple  tiny  organisms.  The  tentacles,  for  example,  are  a  different  create  than  the  gas  bladder!  Their  tentacles  can  reach  up  to  45  meters!  While  this  jelly  can  cause  very  painful  stings  and  even,  rarely,  death,  some  animals  (such  as  the  clownfish)  do  not  get  hurt  by  its  tentacles.

Center:  Porpida  Porpida  is  a  small,  disc-­‐shaped  jelly  that  floats  freely  in  the  water,  and  is  only  one  inch  in  diameter.    

Top-­‐Right:  Tiny  jellies.

Bottom-­‐Right:  The  bicol  jellyfish.

Most  jellyfish  live  only  2-­‐6  months,  during  which  they  can  grow  from  one  millimetre  in  size  to  many  centimeters  in  diameter.  In  aquariums,  tended  and  fed  regularly,  they  can  live  up  to  several  years.

On  the  left:  Purple  jellyfish  shot  in  Spain.

On  the  right:  A  jelly  with  'alien  spacecraft'  lights  on  its  body,  shot  in  the  Vancouver  aquarium.

Beautiful  and  colourful  jelly  shot  in  the  Cnidaria  aquarium  zoo  in  Belgium.  

On  the  left:  The  'lion's  mane'  jellyfish,  also  known  as  the  'winter  jelly'  because  the  mane  usually  appears  during  the  colder  months  of  the  year.  They  are  found  in  the  North  Atlantic  and  can  reach  2  meters  (6  feet)  in  diameter  with  incredibly  long  tentacles  that  can  reach  up  to  33  meters  (100  feet)  in  length!  They  are  considered  moderate  stingers  and  the  pain  they  inflict  is  mild  and  often  burns  instead  of  stings.

On  the  right:  The  Giant  Normura  Jellyfish  in  Japan.  This  enormous,  450  pound  and  7  feet  long  jelly  has  plagued  Japanese  waters,  and  is  about  the  size  of  a  sumo  wrestler.  It  still  doesn't  have  the  reach  of  the  lion's  mane  tentacles  though.

A  lion's  mane  jelly  in  Norway.

A  tiny,  2.5  cm  long  transparent  jelly.  Jellyfish  reproduce  both  sexually  (male  and  female)  and  asexually  (without  gender).  Upon  reaching  their  full  size,  they  spawn  according  to  available  food,  and  may  even  do  so  every  day  if  there's  enough  of  it.  Their  spawning  is  dependent  on  light,  so  they  usually  do  it  at  the  same  time  of  day,  at  dusk  or  dawn.

 

LEFT:  This  fancy  looking  jelly  looks  a  bit  like  an  expensive  lamp.

 

RIGHT:  A  glowing  jelly  near  the  shores  of  Australia  

 

Jellyfish are made of up to 95% water (humans are about 55-65% water). Their soft,gelatine bodies have no skeletal frame or outer shell. They are easily damaged therefore and die if removed from water. However, even a dead jellyfish will sting you if you step on it.

This  species  of  jellyfish  may  actually  be  immortal.  The  jelly  can  'reverse'    its  life  cycle,

actually  transforming  from  adult  to  immature  organism.  

Since  jellyfish  aren't  actually  related  to  fish,  the  terms  is  a  bit    misleading,  yet  it  remains  the  most  popular  term.