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8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 116
Space for Europe
rarr ALL ABOUT ESA
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 216
larrCover ESA astronaut Alexander Gerstduring a spacewalk from the InternationalSpace Station in 983090983088983089983092 (NASAESA)
rarr THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY From the beginnings of the lsquospace agersquo Europe has been actively involved
in spaceflight Today it launches satellites for Earth observation navigation
telecommunications and astronomy sends probes to the far reaches of the
Solar System and cooperates in the human exploration of space
Space is a key asset for Europe providing essential information neededby decision-makers to respond to global challenges Space provides
indispensable technologies and services and increases our understanding
of our planet and the Universe Since 1975 the European Space Agency
(ESA) has been shaping the development of this space capability
By pooling the resources of over 20 Member States ESA undertakes
programmes and activities far beyond the scope of any single European
country developing the launchers spacecraft and ground facilities neededto keep Europe at the forefront of global space activities
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 316
The Philae lander took a lsquoselfiersquoof the Rosettaspacecraft at Comet 983094983095PChuryumovndash
Gerasimenko from a distance of about 983089983094 kmon 983095 October 983090983088983089983092 (ESARosettaPhilaeCIVA)
CONTENTS
rarr SPACE TO DISCOVER 2
rarr SPACE FOR EARTH 4
rarr SPACE TO LOCATE 6
rarr SPACE TO COMMUNICATE 7
rarr SPACE TO INNOVATE 8
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE 9
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE 10
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 416
science amp robotic exploration
rarr SPACE TO DISCOVER
Over the past 40 years Europe has marked a series of firsts in the exploration of
the Solar System and of our Universe from an encounter with Comet Halley in 1986
parachuting a probe on to Saturnrsquos moon Titan in 2005 and landing on a comet in 2014
to studying our Sun in unprecedented detail and photographing the farthest galaxies
To continue such successful achievementsESA is now looking ahead to the next20 years with its Cosmic Vision programmeThis is a way of building on a solid past and
working today to overcome the scientificintellectual and technological challengesof tomorrow Cosmic Vision is a startingpoint for crucial studies in space science todiscover if other worlds exist and how lifeand the Universe evolved from the Big Bangto now
Several fundamental themes lie at the coreof the Cosmic Vision programme ndash the conditions for planetary formation and
the emergence of lifendash how the Solar System worksndash the fundamental physical laws of the
Universendash the origins of the Universe and what it is
made of
EXPLORING OTHER PLANETS
Scientists believe that our Solar Systemformed about 4600 million years ago Sincethen its planets and moons have all evolvedin very different ways To understand howthe Solar System works and why Earth isunique ESA has launched a series of highlysuccessful science missions
Mars Express has found water on Mars andis mapping its surface Venus Express ispeering into the dense Venusian atmosphereto study the dramatic greenhouse effectESArsquos Huygens has landed on Titan a moon ofSaturn to study its chemistry and mineralogyRosetta rendezvoused and landed onComet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko andis now helping scientists understand ifcomets brought water and life to Earth TheBepiColombo mission will explore Mercurythe closest planet to the Sun to learn howplanets near stars form and evolve
ExoMars is a cooperation of ESA andRoscosmos to continue the exploration of theMars One of its most ambitious scientificgoals is to establish whether life ever existed
or is still active on Mars today This is one ofthe outstanding questions of our time and aprerequisite to prepare for the future humanexploration of the Red Planet
In 2022 JUICE will fly to Jupiter the largestplanet in the Solar System JUICE will focuson its three largest icy moons EuropaGanymede and Callisto to assess thepotential habitability of their hidden deepwater oceans
MONITORING THE STORMY SUN
Solar exploration has always played a keyrole in ESArsquos space science programme andsatellites built in Europe have a long andhighly successful tradition in monitoring ourstar and exploring its environment
Today many missions study the Sun oursource of heat and energy that allows life toform and evolve on Earth The joint ESANASAUlysses has provided us with the first-evermap of the heliosphere from the Sunrsquos equatorto its poles ESArsquos four Cluster satellites areinvestigating the interaction between Earthrsquosmagnetosphere and the solar wind
SOHO orbiting at a special point in spaceon the sunward side of Earth sends imagesof solar explosions and probes the hiddeninterior of the Sun Especially remarkable areits observations of coronal mass ejectionsin which the Sun sends huge puffs ofelectrified gas out into the Solar System
Satellites and power and communicationssystems on the ground are vulnerable tothis lsquospace weatherrsquo and their engineerscan now be alerted in good time
In November 2014 ESAs Rosetta mission rendezvoused and landed on Comet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko
Sunshield test unit on James Webb Space Telescope unfurled for the first time (NASA)
larr Solar Orbiter will study our star the Sun and the solar wind at close range
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 516
In 2017 Solar Orbiter will fly to within42 million km of the Sun even closer thanMercury to study our star and the solarwind at close range
LOOKING DEEP INTO THE UNIVERSE
Space-based telescopes such as Hubbleand ESArsquos XMM-Newton and Integral arestudying the Universe beyond the visiblelight observing hot places around black holesand exploded stars and monitoring celestialobjects with extreme gravity density andtemperature Planck and Herschel are lookingdeeper into space to study the birth of theUniverse and to solve the mystery of how
stars and galaxies are born A new generationof telescopes such as the James Webb SpaceTelescope will investigate supernovas blackholes and quasars They will provide scientistswith insight into the birth and evolution ofplanetary systems
The Euclid mission will try to answer
one of the biggest questions in moderncosmology why is the Universe expandingat an accelerating rate rather than slowingdown due to the gravitational attraction ofall the matter in it Studying galaxies up to10 billion light years away Euclid will plot theevolution of the Universersquos structure overthree-quarters of its history
rarr ExoMars
mission (ESAAOES)
3
rarr SUN
ESRO-2
ISEE-B
Ulysses
SOHO
Cluster amp DoubleStar (with China)
Solar Orbiter
1968
1977
1990
1995
200020032004
2017
Cosmic and X-radiation from the Sun
International Sun-Earth Explorer
First spacecraft to overfly the Sunrsquospoles
Studying the Sunrsquos core outercorona and solar wind
Interaction of the solar wind andEarthrsquos magnetosphere
Study of the Sun from close range
rarr ASTRONOMY AND THE EXOTIC UNIVERSE
TD-1A
Cos-B
IUE
Exosat
Hipparcos
Hubble SpaceTelescope
ISO
XMM-Newton
Integral
Herschel
Planck
Gaia
LISA Pathfinder
Cheops
JWST
Euclid
Plato
Athena
1972
1975
1978
1983
1989
1990
1995
1999
2002
2009
2009
2013
2015
2017
2018
2020
2024
2028
Measuring ultraviolet radiation from15 000 stars
Gamma-ray studies
Ultraviolet observations of 10 000celestial objects
X-ray emissions of astronomicalphenomena
Position measurements of 120 000 stars
Orbiting astronomical observatory
Exploring the infrared Universe
The most sensitive X-ray observatoryto date
Observing the most energeticphenomena in gamma rays
Infrared emissions from stars andgalaxies
Studying the Cosmic MicrowaveBackground radiation
Precision mapping of one billion stars
Technology test for LISA mission
Studying exoplanets around nearbybright stars
Second-generation space telescope
Probing dark matter dark energy andthe expanding Universe
Studying extrasolar planetary systems
X-ray astronomy
rarr SOLAR SYSTEM AND SUN991251EARTH INTERACTIONS
Aurora
HEOS-1
Boreas
HEOS-2
ESRO-4
GEOS-1
GEOS-2
Giotto
Cassini‒Huygens
Mars Express
SMART-1
Huygens
Rosetta
Venus Express
BepiColombo
ExoMars
ExoMars
JUICE
1968
1968
1969
1972
1972
1977
1978
1985
1997
2003
2003
2004
2004
2005
2016
2016
2018
2022
Polar frontiers of the Van Allenradiation belt
Interplanetary magnetic fields
Polar frontiers of the Van Allen
radiation belt
Interplanetary magnetic fields
Upper atmosphere temperaturevariations
Plasma particles and waves inEarthrsquos magnetic field
Movement in Earthrsquos upperatmosphere
Fly-past of Comet Halley andComet Grigg‒Skjellerup
Exploring Saturnrsquos system anddescending onto its largest moon
Titan
Studying the atmospheresurface and subsurface of theRed Planet
Testing solar-electric propulsionand studying the Moonrsquos surface
Probing the atmosphere andsurface of Titan
Orbiter of Comet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko andPhilae lander
Exploring Venus and itsatmosphere
Exploring the planet Mercury
Mars orbiter and lander
Mars rover and surface platform
Characterising conditions of ocean-bearing moons around Jupiter
Name Launch Mission
Name Launch Mission
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 616
earth observation
rarr SPACE FOR EARTH
What is happening to our planet Satellites are unique in their ability to constantly
monitor the entire Earth they can provide crucial information about our ever-changing
planet From space we monitor many natural and man-made events from floods and
forest fires to changes in ice cover rising sea levels and oil slicks
ESArsquos Earth observation satelliteshave given Europe a leading role inunderstanding the global environmentincreasing our knowledge about Earthrsquos
weather and climate change Since the1970s the Meteosat series of weathersatellites has provided a wealth of datafor the meteorology community Envisatand the ERS remote-sensing satellites haveallowed scientists to build datasets onenvironmental phenomena and climatechange for 20 years
The Earth Explorer satellites are givingscientists the chance of using breakthroughtechnologies to address specific issuesand learn more about interaction betweenthe atmosphere biosphere hydrosphere
cryosphere and the interior and about theimpact that human activity is having onEarthrsquos natural processes
The EarthWatch missions ensure continuityof datasets and provide operational servicesDeveloped with Eumetsat the first twoMeteosat Second Generation satellitesand MetOp-A Europersquos first polar-orbitingmeteorological satellite are operational
ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY
Space-based observation of Earth is anessential source of information for decision-makers in responding to challenges such asglobal environmental change and security
Information must be of practical use arrivingquickly and economically and be accessibleto those using it Copernicus previouslyknown as GMES is a joint initiativebetween the EU and ESA will consolidateEuropersquos capacity to collect and manage
environmental and civil security data andinformation for its citizens
The success of Copernicus is being achieved
largely through ESArsquos well-engineeredSpace Component to provide essentialsatellite data according to European policypriorities This includes the developmentof a series of Sentinel satellites and theintegration of national and Europeanmissions to guarantee continuity of dataand services
CLIMATE CHANGE
Over the last decades satellites observingEarth have been providing an ever-clearerpicture of the health of our planet and the
signs of climate change
ESArsquos Climate Change Initiative exploitsarchive satellite records going backthree decades combined with data fromnew missions to produce informationon a wide range of variables such asgreenhouse-gas concentrations sea-iceextent and thickness and sea-surfacetemperature and salinity
This strategy of generating datasets ofEssential Climate Variables provides Europewith a powerful tool to monitor the state ofthe climate system and to help predict theeffects that a changing climate may bring
WATCHING THE WEATHER
What will tomorrowrsquos weather bringRegular accurate weather forecasts arecrucial to many activities aviation shippingagriculture fishing construction and evensport and leisure
Satellite measurements showing nitrogen dioxide as a pollutant produced by burning fossil fuels
Earths gravity revealed in unprecedented detail by GOCE
larr Hurricane Sandy approaching North America in October 2012 as seen by Europes MetOp-A
(Eumetsat)
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 716
rarr From space we monitor many natural and
man-made events from floods and forest fires
to changes in ice cover and rising sea levels
rarr EARTH OBSERVATION MISSIONS
Meteosat-1
Meteosat-2
Meteosat-3
Meteosat-4
Meteosat-5
ERS-1
Meteosat-6
ERS-2
Meteosat-7
Proba-1
Envisat
Meteosat-8
MSG-2
MetOp-A
GOCE
SMOS
Name Launch Mission
1977
1981
1988
1989
1991
1991
1993
1995
1997
2001
2002
2002
2005
2006
2009
2009
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Operational meteorology
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
TechnologyEarth observation
Earth observation
Formerly MSG-1 operationalmeteorology
Operational meteorology
Meteorological services
Gravity field and geoid
Soil moisture and ocean salinity
CryoSat-2
MSG-3
MetOp-B
Sentinel-1
Swarm
Sentinel-2
Sentinel-3
MSG-4
Aeolus
Sentinel-5 Precursor
Sentinel-4
EarthCARE
MetOp-C
MTG-I-1
MTG-S-1
Sentinel-5
Biomass
Earth Explorer 8
2010
2012
2012
2013
2013
2014
2014
2015
2016
2016
2017
2018
2018
2018
2020
2020
2020
Ice sheets and marine ice cover
Operational meteorology
Polar meteorology
Operational radar imaging
Magnetic field studies
Land monitoring
Marine monitoring
Operational meteorology
Atmospheric dynamics
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Radiation and cloud interaction
Polar meteorological services
Meteosat Third Generation
Meteosat Third Generation
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Studying the worldrsquos tropical forests
Meteorological satellites provide data onweather systems by using instrumentsto monitor clouds and winds measuretemperatures and pressure and manyother surface conditions on land sea andin the air
As a result of the cooperation betweenESA and Eumetsat Europe has a fleet ofmeteorological satellites to provide betterknowledge about our planetrsquos weather andclimate The Meteosat series monitor Earthfrom geostationary orbit while MetOp is thefirst European meteorological satellite inpolar orbit
Work has started on developing the nextgeneration of meteorological satellitesMeteosat Third Generation
5
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
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galileo amp navigation-related activities
rarr SPACE TO LOCATE
After mobile phones and the internet satellite navigation is the latest high-tech
addition to our everyday lives Spacecraft orbiting Earth can tell you exactly where
you are 24 hours a day
rarr GALILEO NAVIGATION
Car and truck drivers farmers yachtsmenand hikers have all discovered the benefitsof satellite navigation Air traffic controlshipping rescue operations crisismanagement and law enforcement services
have all been revolutionised by moreaccurate and reliable positioning systems
Determined to provide Europe with its ownindependent global civil satellite navigationsystem the European Commission and ESAhave devised a two-step approach
The already operational EGNOS whichaugments GPS is used in numerous Europeanairports for safer approaches and landings
The worldwide Galileo system started withtwo demonstration missions GIOVE-A and B
It made its first positioning in March 2013during its In-Orbit Validation phase provingthe concept These four satellites were joinedby Satellites 5 and 6 in August 2014 and then7 and 8 in March 2015 The constellation
build-up will now progress at a steady rateleading to its completion of 30 satellites andits associated ground segment
The range of potential applications forGalileo is extremely wide Looking beyondthe transport sector where it will increasesafety efficiency and comfort its advancedtechnological features and its commerciallyoriented services will make it a valuable toolfor many more economic sectors
Initial services including Open ServiceSearch And Rescue and Public Regulated
Service are planned for 2016 Interoperablewith GPS Galileo signals will be treatedby receivers in a fully transparent wayMultiplying the satellites in space willimprove reliability and accuracy on Earth
The first two Galileo satellites were launched
from Europes Spaceport in 2011
larr Satellites in the Galileo constellation
GIOVE-A
GIOVE-B
IOV x2
IOV x2
Galileo 56
Galileo 78
Name Launch Mission
2005
2008
2011
2012
2014
2015
Demonstration mission
Demonstration mission
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
Full Operational Capability satellites
Full Operational Capability satellites
larr Satellite positioning has already become the standard way of navigating
now essential for the efficient running of transport systems and also human
safety (Zetapress)
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
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telecommunications amp integrated applications
rarr SPACE TO COMMUNICATE
uarr Integrated applications combining
the use of different types of satellites
such as telecommunications Earth observation
and navigation
ESArsquos Advanced Research inTelecommunications Systems (ARTES)programmes transform research anddevelopment investment into successfulcommercial products and are central to
European and Canadian industries remainingworld-class competitors These programmesenable companies of participating states toincrease competitiveness access new marketsencourage growth and foster innovation
EXPANDING AT EVERY LEVEL
Europe currently takes home 35 of globalcommercial satellite orders and the sector isgrowing steadily Global revenue has nearlytripled in the past decade ESA supports thedeployment of new satellites and programmesthat help companies compete on the global
market by providing them with the means todiversify their products and enter new markets
Alphasat is the biggest European telecomsatellite ever built based on Alphabusthe next generation of large platforms forhigh-power telecom satellites SmallGEO isa flexible geostationary satellite platformfor smaller spacecraft The lsquoNext Generationrsquogeostationary platform Neosat is ESArsquosoffering to the mid-range market whichmakes up the bulk of satellite ordersQuantum is a pioneering mission thatwill influence how telecom satellites areprocured and manufactured in Europe byvalidating a new generic payload design
Most of ESArsquos support to satcom technologyis in publicndashprivate partnerships withcompanies from all over Europe Thesepartnerships stimulate breakthroughsby sharing the risk between ESA and
industry making it easier to take onpotentially game-changing projectsOne is the European Data Relay System(EDRS) an independent European networkfor transmission of large quantities ofsatellite data Another Electra will developa communications satellite with fullelectric-propulsion Atlas is an extensionof an ARTES element that supports firstflight opportunities for experiments oncommercial telecoms satellites
SATCOM FOR SEA AND SKYhellip
Iris is an air-to-ground communicationssystem for safer and more precise air trafficmanagement The maritime sector is set tobenefit from SAT-AIS which uses satellitesto extend the reach of identificationmessages from ship to shore
hellipAND EVERYWHERE ELSE
ESArsquos ARTES programme includesthe development of applications thatprovide solutions to the needs andchallenges faced by society in areas suchas health agriculture security energy andmore ndash all making use of multiple spaceassets to improve our daily lives
OTS-2
Marecs-A
ECS-1
ECS-2
Marecs-B2
ECS-4
ECS-5
Name Launch Mission
1978
1981
1983
1984
1984
1987
1988
Telecoms technology demonstration
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Olympus
Artemis
Hylas-1
Alphasat
SmallGEO
EDRS-A
EDRS-C
Neosat
Electra
1989
2001
2010
2013
20156
2015
2016
2018
2019
Telecoms technology demonstration
Telecoms technology demonstration
Broadband services in public‒privatepartnership
Next-generation telecoms satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Data relay satellite
Data relay satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Telecoms with electric propulsion
7
Global communications underpin modern society and represent an
important commercial sector Satellites are a fundamental part of global
telecommunications networks providing all kind of services efficiently and
seamlessly over almost every region of our planet
rarr TELECOMMUNICATIONS MISSIONS
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1016
technology
rarr SPACE TO INNOVATE
What accounts for the continued commercial success of European space The answer
is innovation The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development notes a
third of all new space patents are filed in Europe second only to the United States
Europersquos space industry stays smarter thanits international competitors thanks to asteady stream of technology developmentcoordinated by ESArsquos Technology programmes
Technology lies at the foundation ofeverything ESA does ESArsquos technology researchand development programmes are run ona 5ndash10 year time span from investigatingpromising new ideas to finalising hardware foractual spaceflight ndash and commercial markets
Cross-cutting initiatives address directly the keytechnological challenges of this new centurysustainability of space activities on Earth andin orbit key advances in scientific instrumentsspace technologies that can help address the
Proba-3 is ESArsquos first close formation-flying mission A pair of satellites will fly together on a
coordinated basis evaluating techniques for flying in tandem
larr A running PPS 1350 Hall effect thruster as used on Alphasat
darr ESArsquos world-class laboratories use an unrivalled combination of expert knowledge and specialised
equipment (ESAG Schoonewille)
energy challenges on Earth and the buildingblocks for human and robotic exploration
BRINGING SPACE DOWN TO EARTH
ESArsquos Technology programmes also prioritisethe transfer of high-performance technologiesto terrestrial markets fostering new businessesand boosting wider European competitiveness
The transfer of these space technologies toour daily lives brings real benefits in manyways Space technologies are already beingused to improve the well-being of ordinarycitizens through for example healthcareproducts improved waste management andwater recovery
rarr TECHNOLOGY MISSION
Proba-1
Proba-2
Proba-V
Proba-3
Name Launch Mission
2001
2009
2013
2018
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Technology demonstratorscience
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Formation flyingsolar science
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
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launchers
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE
Self-sufficiency in sending satellites into orbit is vital for Europersquos independence in
space Since the beginning of the Ariane programme in 1973 a highly successful
series of launchers has been developed from Ariane 1 through to Ariane 5
The Ariane 5 heavy-lift launcher ensures thatEurope maintains its competitive edge in theglobal launcher market The current Ariane 5ECA can deliver almost 10 tonnes into thegeostationary transfer orbits needed for
many satellites
Smaller launchers are still needed to meetthe market for smaller satellites addinggreater flexibility to the range of Europeanlaunch capabilities ESA has developed Vegacapable of lifting up to 15 tonnes into lowEarth orbit and Russiarsquos medium-lift Soyuzvehicles are being launched from EuropersquosSpaceport at Kourou French Guiana
Today European launch services are themost reliable in the world But economicallyspeaking they operate in a commercial market
where competitors are heavily supportedby a guaranteed governmental market Tomeet this challenge of competitiveness ESAis developing the new Ariane 6 for a maidenflight in 2020 Ariane 6 will be a modular three-stage launcher with two configurations usingboosters in common with the Vega vehicle
For the future ESA is reviewing newtechnologies and propulsion systems withexperts from Europersquos research centres andaerospace industry to make access to spacesimpler and cheaper
EUROPErsquoS SPACEPORT
Situated between a rain forest and theAtlantic coast of South America Kourouin French Guiana has become a familiarvenue to space engineers and theircustomers from around the world It isthe home of the Guiana Space Centre ndashEuropersquos Spaceport
The high levels of efficiency safety andreliability at Europersquos Spaceport are wellknown In addition to its many European
clients the spaceport also undertakeslaunches for customers in the USA JapanCanada India and Brazil
When you launch a satellite any extraspeed gained from Earthrsquos rotation iswelcome This boost is strongest near theEquator so Kourou is the best placed of allthe worldrsquos major spaceports Spent rockets
fall safely into the open ocean and thesame is true for launchers sent northwardswhen different kinds of orbits are required
Developed by France in the late 1960sthe launch site is now used by ESA for itsAriane Vega and Soyuz rockets
rarr Launch of Ariane 5 ECA at Europersquos Spaceport
in French Guiana (ESACNESArianespace -
Optique Videacuteo du CSG)
rarr Europersquos growing launcher family
Vega Soyuz at CSG and Ariane 5 will soon
be joined by Ariane 6
9
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
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human spaceflight amp operations
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE
European astronauts have been taking part in human spaceflight missions for
over three decades either flying on the US Space Shuttle or Russian Soyuz
spacecraft first to the Mir space station and then to the International Space
Station (ISS) gaining a wealth of experience
The first ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold flewinto space in 1983 In 1998 the EuropeanAstronaut Centre was established inGermany to prepare European astronauts for
missions to the ISS Many have already flownto the ISS playing a vital role in the assemblyand operation of key elements of the station
Today new astronauts have been selectedand are taking part in missions to the ISSand eventually future human spaceflightmissions beyond
EUROPE AND THE INTERNATIONALSPACE STATION
The ISS is easily visible to the naked eye as itflies 400 km overhead It is a masterpiece of
global cooperation uniting the USA RussiaJapan Canada and Europe in the largestpartnership in the history of science
Europersquos involvement in this partnershipthrough ESA continues to be a story ofmajor technical and scientific achievementIt has been a huge stimulus for Europeanindustry which has taken great stridesin the development and manufacture ofcutting-edge space systems and hardware
Europersquos key contribution is the multi-purpose science laboratory ColumbusHere scientists can send experiments to becarried out in weightless conditions Withthe ISS completed utilisation of this uniquefacility and the exploitation of the unrivalledopportunities it offers are well under way
ESA also provided the Automated TransferVehicle (ATV) ndash a series of unmanned ferriesthat dock and undock automatically eachcarrying a cargo of food propellant andother supplies The ATVs also helped the ISSmaintain its attitude and remove waste forincineration in the atmosphere
Following the success of ATV and to offsetobligations towards ISS partners ESA isdeveloping the ATV-derived EuropeanService Module for the NASA Multi-Purpose
Crew Vehicle Orion
EXPLORING THE NEW FRONTIER
Space exploration is a great geopoliticalopportunity and those nations thatparticipate and contribute to a significantlevel in space exploration will shapethe current international principlesregulating the use of outer space ESAwill ensure that Europe plays a key rolein this future international explorationof space Through the exploitation ofthe ISS experience in human spaceflight
operations will be significantly increasedbut Europe has also been involved ininternational planning for explorationbeyond Earth orbit
These exploration plans focus on roboticmissions that will prepare the way subject toaffordability for human settlements on theMoon and the robotic exploration of MarsA long-term goal after 2030 could also bethe first human mission to Mars A seriesof manned and unmanned missions willtest and develop the technologies andknowledge that will get humans safely toMars and back These will require advancesin many areas such as guidance systemsrobotics radiation-hardening propulsionand life-support systems
WHERE MISSIONS COME ALIVE
Along with the European contribution to theISS including ATV production its scientificand technical utilisation and other humanspaceflight activities ESA also manages theflight operations of all it missions and theircorresponding ground segment elements
The International Space Station (NASAESA)
Studying space weather is a key element of Space Situational Awareness
larr ESOCs Main Control Room Darmstadt
0
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1316
The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)in Darmstadt Germany serves as the maincontrol centre for ESA missions and hoststhe Estrack Control Centre ndash which managesthe ESA tracking station network EstrackThis worldwide system of ground stationsprovides links between satellites in orbit and
ESOC with 10 stations in seven countries Theessential task of all ESA tracking stations isto communicate with our missions uplinkcommands and downlink scientific data andspacecraft status information
Based on experience since 1967 in controllingover 60 missions and the capability tomanage multiple spacecraft at once wealso provide our mission control expertise tooutside agencies and customers In additionto operating missions ESA provides world-class services to a variety of internal andexternal clients for space debris tracking and
collision alerts geodata analysis softwaredevelopment and navigation
SPACE FOR SECURITY
The Space Situational Awareness (SSA)initiative aims to provide Europe withservices to protect satellites and Earth Theinitiative supports Europersquos independentutilisation of space through provision oftimely and accurate information about thespace environment SSA will strengthenreliability availability and security ofEuropersquos space-based services It will be
coordinated with international partners andthe institutions of the European Union
European industry will benefit from newcontracts and world-class competitivecapabilities gained through development ofthe SSA infrastructure and services
darr ESA astronaut Hans Schlegel makes a spacewalk during the installation of the European Columbus laboratory on the ISS (NASA)
rarr EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
Vladimir Remek (CZ)Soyuz 28 1978
Miroslaw Hermaszewski (PL)Soyuz 30 1978
Siegmund Jaumlhn (DE)
Soyuz 31 1978
Georgi Ivanov (BG)Soyuz 33 1979
Bertalan Farkas (HU)Soyuz 36 1980
Dimitru Prunariu (RO)Soyuz 40 1981
Jean-Loup Chreacutetien (FR)Soyuz T-6 1982Soyuz TM-7 1988STS-86 1997
Ulf Merbold (DE)STS-9 1983
STS-42 1992Euromir 94Soyuz TM-20 1994
Patrick Baudry (FR)STS-51G 1985
Reinhard Furrer (DE)STS-61A 1985
Ernst Messerschmid (DE)STS-61A 1985
Wubbo Ockels (NL)STS-61A 1985
Alexander Alexandrov (BG)Soyuz TM-5 1988
Helen Sharman (GB)
Soyuz TM-12 1991
Franz Viehboumlck (AT)Soyuz TM-13 1991
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (DE)Soyuz TM-14 1992
Dirk Frimout (BE)STS-45 1992
Michel Tognini (FR) AntaregravesSoyuz TM-15 1992STS-93 1999
Franco Malerba (IT)STS-46 1992
Claude Nicollier (CH)STS-46 1992STS-61 1993STS-75 1996STS-103 1999
Hans Schlegel (DE)STS-55 1993STS-122 2008
Ulrich Walter (DE)STS-55 1993
Jean-Pierre Haignereacute (FR) AltairSoyuz TM-17 1993PerseusSoyuz TM-29 1999
Jean-Franccedilois Clervoy (FR)
STS-66 1994STS-84 1997STS-103 1999
Thomas Reiter (DE)Euromir 95Soyuz TM-22 19956 AstrolabSTS-121 2006
Maurizio Cheli (IT)STS-75 1996
Umberto Guidoni (IT)STS-75 1996STS-100 2001
Jean-Jaques Favier (FR)STS-78 1996
Claudie Haignereacute (FR)
CassiopeacuteeSoyuz TM-24 1996 AndromegravedeSoyuz TM-33 2001
Reinhold Ewald (DE)Soyuz TM-25 1997
Leacuteopold Eyharts (FR)PeacutegaseSoyuz TM-27 1998STS-122 2008
Pedro Duque (ES)STS-95 1998CervantesSoyuz TMA-3 2003
Ivan Bella (SL) Soyuz TM-29 1999
Gerhard Thiele (DE)STS-99 2000
Roberto Vittori (IT)Marco PoloSoyuz TM-34 2002EneideSoyuz TMA-6 2005DAMASTS-134 2011
Philippe Perrin (FR)STS-111 2002
Frank De Winne (BE)OdisseaSoyuz TMA-1 2002OasISSSoyuz TMA-15 2009
Andreacute Kuipers (NL)DeltaSoyuz TMA-4 2004
PromISSeSoyuz TMA-03M 2011
Christer Fuglesang (SE)CelsiusSTS-116 2006 AlisseacuteSTS-128 2009
Paolo Nespoli (IT)STS-120 2007MagISStraSoyuz TMA-20 2010
Luca Parmitano (IT)VolareSoyuz TMA-09M 2013
Alexander Gerst (DE)Blue DotSoyuz TMA-13M 2014
Samantha Cristoforetti (IT)FuturaSoyuz TMA-15M 2014
Andreas Mogensen (DK)
IrissSoyuz TMA-18M 2015
Timothy Peake (GB)PrincipiaSoyuz TMA-19M 2015
11
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Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
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ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
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An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
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larrCover ESA astronaut Alexander Gerstduring a spacewalk from the InternationalSpace Station in 983090983088983089983092 (NASAESA)
rarr THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY From the beginnings of the lsquospace agersquo Europe has been actively involved
in spaceflight Today it launches satellites for Earth observation navigation
telecommunications and astronomy sends probes to the far reaches of the
Solar System and cooperates in the human exploration of space
Space is a key asset for Europe providing essential information neededby decision-makers to respond to global challenges Space provides
indispensable technologies and services and increases our understanding
of our planet and the Universe Since 1975 the European Space Agency
(ESA) has been shaping the development of this space capability
By pooling the resources of over 20 Member States ESA undertakes
programmes and activities far beyond the scope of any single European
country developing the launchers spacecraft and ground facilities neededto keep Europe at the forefront of global space activities
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 316
The Philae lander took a lsquoselfiersquoof the Rosettaspacecraft at Comet 983094983095PChuryumovndash
Gerasimenko from a distance of about 983089983094 kmon 983095 October 983090983088983089983092 (ESARosettaPhilaeCIVA)
CONTENTS
rarr SPACE TO DISCOVER 2
rarr SPACE FOR EARTH 4
rarr SPACE TO LOCATE 6
rarr SPACE TO COMMUNICATE 7
rarr SPACE TO INNOVATE 8
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE 9
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE 10
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 416
science amp robotic exploration
rarr SPACE TO DISCOVER
Over the past 40 years Europe has marked a series of firsts in the exploration of
the Solar System and of our Universe from an encounter with Comet Halley in 1986
parachuting a probe on to Saturnrsquos moon Titan in 2005 and landing on a comet in 2014
to studying our Sun in unprecedented detail and photographing the farthest galaxies
To continue such successful achievementsESA is now looking ahead to the next20 years with its Cosmic Vision programmeThis is a way of building on a solid past and
working today to overcome the scientificintellectual and technological challengesof tomorrow Cosmic Vision is a startingpoint for crucial studies in space science todiscover if other worlds exist and how lifeand the Universe evolved from the Big Bangto now
Several fundamental themes lie at the coreof the Cosmic Vision programme ndash the conditions for planetary formation and
the emergence of lifendash how the Solar System worksndash the fundamental physical laws of the
Universendash the origins of the Universe and what it is
made of
EXPLORING OTHER PLANETS
Scientists believe that our Solar Systemformed about 4600 million years ago Sincethen its planets and moons have all evolvedin very different ways To understand howthe Solar System works and why Earth isunique ESA has launched a series of highlysuccessful science missions
Mars Express has found water on Mars andis mapping its surface Venus Express ispeering into the dense Venusian atmosphereto study the dramatic greenhouse effectESArsquos Huygens has landed on Titan a moon ofSaturn to study its chemistry and mineralogyRosetta rendezvoused and landed onComet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko andis now helping scientists understand ifcomets brought water and life to Earth TheBepiColombo mission will explore Mercurythe closest planet to the Sun to learn howplanets near stars form and evolve
ExoMars is a cooperation of ESA andRoscosmos to continue the exploration of theMars One of its most ambitious scientificgoals is to establish whether life ever existed
or is still active on Mars today This is one ofthe outstanding questions of our time and aprerequisite to prepare for the future humanexploration of the Red Planet
In 2022 JUICE will fly to Jupiter the largestplanet in the Solar System JUICE will focuson its three largest icy moons EuropaGanymede and Callisto to assess thepotential habitability of their hidden deepwater oceans
MONITORING THE STORMY SUN
Solar exploration has always played a keyrole in ESArsquos space science programme andsatellites built in Europe have a long andhighly successful tradition in monitoring ourstar and exploring its environment
Today many missions study the Sun oursource of heat and energy that allows life toform and evolve on Earth The joint ESANASAUlysses has provided us with the first-evermap of the heliosphere from the Sunrsquos equatorto its poles ESArsquos four Cluster satellites areinvestigating the interaction between Earthrsquosmagnetosphere and the solar wind
SOHO orbiting at a special point in spaceon the sunward side of Earth sends imagesof solar explosions and probes the hiddeninterior of the Sun Especially remarkable areits observations of coronal mass ejectionsin which the Sun sends huge puffs ofelectrified gas out into the Solar System
Satellites and power and communicationssystems on the ground are vulnerable tothis lsquospace weatherrsquo and their engineerscan now be alerted in good time
In November 2014 ESAs Rosetta mission rendezvoused and landed on Comet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko
Sunshield test unit on James Webb Space Telescope unfurled for the first time (NASA)
larr Solar Orbiter will study our star the Sun and the solar wind at close range
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In 2017 Solar Orbiter will fly to within42 million km of the Sun even closer thanMercury to study our star and the solarwind at close range
LOOKING DEEP INTO THE UNIVERSE
Space-based telescopes such as Hubbleand ESArsquos XMM-Newton and Integral arestudying the Universe beyond the visiblelight observing hot places around black holesand exploded stars and monitoring celestialobjects with extreme gravity density andtemperature Planck and Herschel are lookingdeeper into space to study the birth of theUniverse and to solve the mystery of how
stars and galaxies are born A new generationof telescopes such as the James Webb SpaceTelescope will investigate supernovas blackholes and quasars They will provide scientistswith insight into the birth and evolution ofplanetary systems
The Euclid mission will try to answer
one of the biggest questions in moderncosmology why is the Universe expandingat an accelerating rate rather than slowingdown due to the gravitational attraction ofall the matter in it Studying galaxies up to10 billion light years away Euclid will plot theevolution of the Universersquos structure overthree-quarters of its history
rarr ExoMars
mission (ESAAOES)
3
rarr SUN
ESRO-2
ISEE-B
Ulysses
SOHO
Cluster amp DoubleStar (with China)
Solar Orbiter
1968
1977
1990
1995
200020032004
2017
Cosmic and X-radiation from the Sun
International Sun-Earth Explorer
First spacecraft to overfly the Sunrsquospoles
Studying the Sunrsquos core outercorona and solar wind
Interaction of the solar wind andEarthrsquos magnetosphere
Study of the Sun from close range
rarr ASTRONOMY AND THE EXOTIC UNIVERSE
TD-1A
Cos-B
IUE
Exosat
Hipparcos
Hubble SpaceTelescope
ISO
XMM-Newton
Integral
Herschel
Planck
Gaia
LISA Pathfinder
Cheops
JWST
Euclid
Plato
Athena
1972
1975
1978
1983
1989
1990
1995
1999
2002
2009
2009
2013
2015
2017
2018
2020
2024
2028
Measuring ultraviolet radiation from15 000 stars
Gamma-ray studies
Ultraviolet observations of 10 000celestial objects
X-ray emissions of astronomicalphenomena
Position measurements of 120 000 stars
Orbiting astronomical observatory
Exploring the infrared Universe
The most sensitive X-ray observatoryto date
Observing the most energeticphenomena in gamma rays
Infrared emissions from stars andgalaxies
Studying the Cosmic MicrowaveBackground radiation
Precision mapping of one billion stars
Technology test for LISA mission
Studying exoplanets around nearbybright stars
Second-generation space telescope
Probing dark matter dark energy andthe expanding Universe
Studying extrasolar planetary systems
X-ray astronomy
rarr SOLAR SYSTEM AND SUN991251EARTH INTERACTIONS
Aurora
HEOS-1
Boreas
HEOS-2
ESRO-4
GEOS-1
GEOS-2
Giotto
Cassini‒Huygens
Mars Express
SMART-1
Huygens
Rosetta
Venus Express
BepiColombo
ExoMars
ExoMars
JUICE
1968
1968
1969
1972
1972
1977
1978
1985
1997
2003
2003
2004
2004
2005
2016
2016
2018
2022
Polar frontiers of the Van Allenradiation belt
Interplanetary magnetic fields
Polar frontiers of the Van Allen
radiation belt
Interplanetary magnetic fields
Upper atmosphere temperaturevariations
Plasma particles and waves inEarthrsquos magnetic field
Movement in Earthrsquos upperatmosphere
Fly-past of Comet Halley andComet Grigg‒Skjellerup
Exploring Saturnrsquos system anddescending onto its largest moon
Titan
Studying the atmospheresurface and subsurface of theRed Planet
Testing solar-electric propulsionand studying the Moonrsquos surface
Probing the atmosphere andsurface of Titan
Orbiter of Comet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko andPhilae lander
Exploring Venus and itsatmosphere
Exploring the planet Mercury
Mars orbiter and lander
Mars rover and surface platform
Characterising conditions of ocean-bearing moons around Jupiter
Name Launch Mission
Name Launch Mission
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earth observation
rarr SPACE FOR EARTH
What is happening to our planet Satellites are unique in their ability to constantly
monitor the entire Earth they can provide crucial information about our ever-changing
planet From space we monitor many natural and man-made events from floods and
forest fires to changes in ice cover rising sea levels and oil slicks
ESArsquos Earth observation satelliteshave given Europe a leading role inunderstanding the global environmentincreasing our knowledge about Earthrsquos
weather and climate change Since the1970s the Meteosat series of weathersatellites has provided a wealth of datafor the meteorology community Envisatand the ERS remote-sensing satellites haveallowed scientists to build datasets onenvironmental phenomena and climatechange for 20 years
The Earth Explorer satellites are givingscientists the chance of using breakthroughtechnologies to address specific issuesand learn more about interaction betweenthe atmosphere biosphere hydrosphere
cryosphere and the interior and about theimpact that human activity is having onEarthrsquos natural processes
The EarthWatch missions ensure continuityof datasets and provide operational servicesDeveloped with Eumetsat the first twoMeteosat Second Generation satellitesand MetOp-A Europersquos first polar-orbitingmeteorological satellite are operational
ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY
Space-based observation of Earth is anessential source of information for decision-makers in responding to challenges such asglobal environmental change and security
Information must be of practical use arrivingquickly and economically and be accessibleto those using it Copernicus previouslyknown as GMES is a joint initiativebetween the EU and ESA will consolidateEuropersquos capacity to collect and manage
environmental and civil security data andinformation for its citizens
The success of Copernicus is being achieved
largely through ESArsquos well-engineeredSpace Component to provide essentialsatellite data according to European policypriorities This includes the developmentof a series of Sentinel satellites and theintegration of national and Europeanmissions to guarantee continuity of dataand services
CLIMATE CHANGE
Over the last decades satellites observingEarth have been providing an ever-clearerpicture of the health of our planet and the
signs of climate change
ESArsquos Climate Change Initiative exploitsarchive satellite records going backthree decades combined with data fromnew missions to produce informationon a wide range of variables such asgreenhouse-gas concentrations sea-iceextent and thickness and sea-surfacetemperature and salinity
This strategy of generating datasets ofEssential Climate Variables provides Europewith a powerful tool to monitor the state ofthe climate system and to help predict theeffects that a changing climate may bring
WATCHING THE WEATHER
What will tomorrowrsquos weather bringRegular accurate weather forecasts arecrucial to many activities aviation shippingagriculture fishing construction and evensport and leisure
Satellite measurements showing nitrogen dioxide as a pollutant produced by burning fossil fuels
Earths gravity revealed in unprecedented detail by GOCE
larr Hurricane Sandy approaching North America in October 2012 as seen by Europes MetOp-A
(Eumetsat)
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rarr From space we monitor many natural and
man-made events from floods and forest fires
to changes in ice cover and rising sea levels
rarr EARTH OBSERVATION MISSIONS
Meteosat-1
Meteosat-2
Meteosat-3
Meteosat-4
Meteosat-5
ERS-1
Meteosat-6
ERS-2
Meteosat-7
Proba-1
Envisat
Meteosat-8
MSG-2
MetOp-A
GOCE
SMOS
Name Launch Mission
1977
1981
1988
1989
1991
1991
1993
1995
1997
2001
2002
2002
2005
2006
2009
2009
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Operational meteorology
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
TechnologyEarth observation
Earth observation
Formerly MSG-1 operationalmeteorology
Operational meteorology
Meteorological services
Gravity field and geoid
Soil moisture and ocean salinity
CryoSat-2
MSG-3
MetOp-B
Sentinel-1
Swarm
Sentinel-2
Sentinel-3
MSG-4
Aeolus
Sentinel-5 Precursor
Sentinel-4
EarthCARE
MetOp-C
MTG-I-1
MTG-S-1
Sentinel-5
Biomass
Earth Explorer 8
2010
2012
2012
2013
2013
2014
2014
2015
2016
2016
2017
2018
2018
2018
2020
2020
2020
Ice sheets and marine ice cover
Operational meteorology
Polar meteorology
Operational radar imaging
Magnetic field studies
Land monitoring
Marine monitoring
Operational meteorology
Atmospheric dynamics
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Radiation and cloud interaction
Polar meteorological services
Meteosat Third Generation
Meteosat Third Generation
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Studying the worldrsquos tropical forests
Meteorological satellites provide data onweather systems by using instrumentsto monitor clouds and winds measuretemperatures and pressure and manyother surface conditions on land sea andin the air
As a result of the cooperation betweenESA and Eumetsat Europe has a fleet ofmeteorological satellites to provide betterknowledge about our planetrsquos weather andclimate The Meteosat series monitor Earthfrom geostationary orbit while MetOp is thefirst European meteorological satellite inpolar orbit
Work has started on developing the nextgeneration of meteorological satellitesMeteosat Third Generation
5
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galileo amp navigation-related activities
rarr SPACE TO LOCATE
After mobile phones and the internet satellite navigation is the latest high-tech
addition to our everyday lives Spacecraft orbiting Earth can tell you exactly where
you are 24 hours a day
rarr GALILEO NAVIGATION
Car and truck drivers farmers yachtsmenand hikers have all discovered the benefitsof satellite navigation Air traffic controlshipping rescue operations crisismanagement and law enforcement services
have all been revolutionised by moreaccurate and reliable positioning systems
Determined to provide Europe with its ownindependent global civil satellite navigationsystem the European Commission and ESAhave devised a two-step approach
The already operational EGNOS whichaugments GPS is used in numerous Europeanairports for safer approaches and landings
The worldwide Galileo system started withtwo demonstration missions GIOVE-A and B
It made its first positioning in March 2013during its In-Orbit Validation phase provingthe concept These four satellites were joinedby Satellites 5 and 6 in August 2014 and then7 and 8 in March 2015 The constellation
build-up will now progress at a steady rateleading to its completion of 30 satellites andits associated ground segment
The range of potential applications forGalileo is extremely wide Looking beyondthe transport sector where it will increasesafety efficiency and comfort its advancedtechnological features and its commerciallyoriented services will make it a valuable toolfor many more economic sectors
Initial services including Open ServiceSearch And Rescue and Public Regulated
Service are planned for 2016 Interoperablewith GPS Galileo signals will be treatedby receivers in a fully transparent wayMultiplying the satellites in space willimprove reliability and accuracy on Earth
The first two Galileo satellites were launched
from Europes Spaceport in 2011
larr Satellites in the Galileo constellation
GIOVE-A
GIOVE-B
IOV x2
IOV x2
Galileo 56
Galileo 78
Name Launch Mission
2005
2008
2011
2012
2014
2015
Demonstration mission
Demonstration mission
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
Full Operational Capability satellites
Full Operational Capability satellites
larr Satellite positioning has already become the standard way of navigating
now essential for the efficient running of transport systems and also human
safety (Zetapress)
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telecommunications amp integrated applications
rarr SPACE TO COMMUNICATE
uarr Integrated applications combining
the use of different types of satellites
such as telecommunications Earth observation
and navigation
ESArsquos Advanced Research inTelecommunications Systems (ARTES)programmes transform research anddevelopment investment into successfulcommercial products and are central to
European and Canadian industries remainingworld-class competitors These programmesenable companies of participating states toincrease competitiveness access new marketsencourage growth and foster innovation
EXPANDING AT EVERY LEVEL
Europe currently takes home 35 of globalcommercial satellite orders and the sector isgrowing steadily Global revenue has nearlytripled in the past decade ESA supports thedeployment of new satellites and programmesthat help companies compete on the global
market by providing them with the means todiversify their products and enter new markets
Alphasat is the biggest European telecomsatellite ever built based on Alphabusthe next generation of large platforms forhigh-power telecom satellites SmallGEO isa flexible geostationary satellite platformfor smaller spacecraft The lsquoNext Generationrsquogeostationary platform Neosat is ESArsquosoffering to the mid-range market whichmakes up the bulk of satellite ordersQuantum is a pioneering mission thatwill influence how telecom satellites areprocured and manufactured in Europe byvalidating a new generic payload design
Most of ESArsquos support to satcom technologyis in publicndashprivate partnerships withcompanies from all over Europe Thesepartnerships stimulate breakthroughsby sharing the risk between ESA and
industry making it easier to take onpotentially game-changing projectsOne is the European Data Relay System(EDRS) an independent European networkfor transmission of large quantities ofsatellite data Another Electra will developa communications satellite with fullelectric-propulsion Atlas is an extensionof an ARTES element that supports firstflight opportunities for experiments oncommercial telecoms satellites
SATCOM FOR SEA AND SKYhellip
Iris is an air-to-ground communicationssystem for safer and more precise air trafficmanagement The maritime sector is set tobenefit from SAT-AIS which uses satellitesto extend the reach of identificationmessages from ship to shore
hellipAND EVERYWHERE ELSE
ESArsquos ARTES programme includesthe development of applications thatprovide solutions to the needs andchallenges faced by society in areas suchas health agriculture security energy andmore ndash all making use of multiple spaceassets to improve our daily lives
OTS-2
Marecs-A
ECS-1
ECS-2
Marecs-B2
ECS-4
ECS-5
Name Launch Mission
1978
1981
1983
1984
1984
1987
1988
Telecoms technology demonstration
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Olympus
Artemis
Hylas-1
Alphasat
SmallGEO
EDRS-A
EDRS-C
Neosat
Electra
1989
2001
2010
2013
20156
2015
2016
2018
2019
Telecoms technology demonstration
Telecoms technology demonstration
Broadband services in public‒privatepartnership
Next-generation telecoms satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Data relay satellite
Data relay satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Telecoms with electric propulsion
7
Global communications underpin modern society and represent an
important commercial sector Satellites are a fundamental part of global
telecommunications networks providing all kind of services efficiently and
seamlessly over almost every region of our planet
rarr TELECOMMUNICATIONS MISSIONS
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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1016
technology
rarr SPACE TO INNOVATE
What accounts for the continued commercial success of European space The answer
is innovation The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development notes a
third of all new space patents are filed in Europe second only to the United States
Europersquos space industry stays smarter thanits international competitors thanks to asteady stream of technology developmentcoordinated by ESArsquos Technology programmes
Technology lies at the foundation ofeverything ESA does ESArsquos technology researchand development programmes are run ona 5ndash10 year time span from investigatingpromising new ideas to finalising hardware foractual spaceflight ndash and commercial markets
Cross-cutting initiatives address directly the keytechnological challenges of this new centurysustainability of space activities on Earth andin orbit key advances in scientific instrumentsspace technologies that can help address the
Proba-3 is ESArsquos first close formation-flying mission A pair of satellites will fly together on a
coordinated basis evaluating techniques for flying in tandem
larr A running PPS 1350 Hall effect thruster as used on Alphasat
darr ESArsquos world-class laboratories use an unrivalled combination of expert knowledge and specialised
equipment (ESAG Schoonewille)
energy challenges on Earth and the buildingblocks for human and robotic exploration
BRINGING SPACE DOWN TO EARTH
ESArsquos Technology programmes also prioritisethe transfer of high-performance technologiesto terrestrial markets fostering new businessesand boosting wider European competitiveness
The transfer of these space technologies toour daily lives brings real benefits in manyways Space technologies are already beingused to improve the well-being of ordinarycitizens through for example healthcareproducts improved waste management andwater recovery
rarr TECHNOLOGY MISSION
Proba-1
Proba-2
Proba-V
Proba-3
Name Launch Mission
2001
2009
2013
2018
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Technology demonstratorscience
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Formation flyingsolar science
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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1116
launchers
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE
Self-sufficiency in sending satellites into orbit is vital for Europersquos independence in
space Since the beginning of the Ariane programme in 1973 a highly successful
series of launchers has been developed from Ariane 1 through to Ariane 5
The Ariane 5 heavy-lift launcher ensures thatEurope maintains its competitive edge in theglobal launcher market The current Ariane 5ECA can deliver almost 10 tonnes into thegeostationary transfer orbits needed for
many satellites
Smaller launchers are still needed to meetthe market for smaller satellites addinggreater flexibility to the range of Europeanlaunch capabilities ESA has developed Vegacapable of lifting up to 15 tonnes into lowEarth orbit and Russiarsquos medium-lift Soyuzvehicles are being launched from EuropersquosSpaceport at Kourou French Guiana
Today European launch services are themost reliable in the world But economicallyspeaking they operate in a commercial market
where competitors are heavily supportedby a guaranteed governmental market Tomeet this challenge of competitiveness ESAis developing the new Ariane 6 for a maidenflight in 2020 Ariane 6 will be a modular three-stage launcher with two configurations usingboosters in common with the Vega vehicle
For the future ESA is reviewing newtechnologies and propulsion systems withexperts from Europersquos research centres andaerospace industry to make access to spacesimpler and cheaper
EUROPErsquoS SPACEPORT
Situated between a rain forest and theAtlantic coast of South America Kourouin French Guiana has become a familiarvenue to space engineers and theircustomers from around the world It isthe home of the Guiana Space Centre ndashEuropersquos Spaceport
The high levels of efficiency safety andreliability at Europersquos Spaceport are wellknown In addition to its many European
clients the spaceport also undertakeslaunches for customers in the USA JapanCanada India and Brazil
When you launch a satellite any extraspeed gained from Earthrsquos rotation iswelcome This boost is strongest near theEquator so Kourou is the best placed of allthe worldrsquos major spaceports Spent rockets
fall safely into the open ocean and thesame is true for launchers sent northwardswhen different kinds of orbits are required
Developed by France in the late 1960sthe launch site is now used by ESA for itsAriane Vega and Soyuz rockets
rarr Launch of Ariane 5 ECA at Europersquos Spaceport
in French Guiana (ESACNESArianespace -
Optique Videacuteo du CSG)
rarr Europersquos growing launcher family
Vega Soyuz at CSG and Ariane 5 will soon
be joined by Ariane 6
9
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human spaceflight amp operations
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE
European astronauts have been taking part in human spaceflight missions for
over three decades either flying on the US Space Shuttle or Russian Soyuz
spacecraft first to the Mir space station and then to the International Space
Station (ISS) gaining a wealth of experience
The first ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold flewinto space in 1983 In 1998 the EuropeanAstronaut Centre was established inGermany to prepare European astronauts for
missions to the ISS Many have already flownto the ISS playing a vital role in the assemblyand operation of key elements of the station
Today new astronauts have been selectedand are taking part in missions to the ISSand eventually future human spaceflightmissions beyond
EUROPE AND THE INTERNATIONALSPACE STATION
The ISS is easily visible to the naked eye as itflies 400 km overhead It is a masterpiece of
global cooperation uniting the USA RussiaJapan Canada and Europe in the largestpartnership in the history of science
Europersquos involvement in this partnershipthrough ESA continues to be a story ofmajor technical and scientific achievementIt has been a huge stimulus for Europeanindustry which has taken great stridesin the development and manufacture ofcutting-edge space systems and hardware
Europersquos key contribution is the multi-purpose science laboratory ColumbusHere scientists can send experiments to becarried out in weightless conditions Withthe ISS completed utilisation of this uniquefacility and the exploitation of the unrivalledopportunities it offers are well under way
ESA also provided the Automated TransferVehicle (ATV) ndash a series of unmanned ferriesthat dock and undock automatically eachcarrying a cargo of food propellant andother supplies The ATVs also helped the ISSmaintain its attitude and remove waste forincineration in the atmosphere
Following the success of ATV and to offsetobligations towards ISS partners ESA isdeveloping the ATV-derived EuropeanService Module for the NASA Multi-Purpose
Crew Vehicle Orion
EXPLORING THE NEW FRONTIER
Space exploration is a great geopoliticalopportunity and those nations thatparticipate and contribute to a significantlevel in space exploration will shapethe current international principlesregulating the use of outer space ESAwill ensure that Europe plays a key rolein this future international explorationof space Through the exploitation ofthe ISS experience in human spaceflight
operations will be significantly increasedbut Europe has also been involved ininternational planning for explorationbeyond Earth orbit
These exploration plans focus on roboticmissions that will prepare the way subject toaffordability for human settlements on theMoon and the robotic exploration of MarsA long-term goal after 2030 could also bethe first human mission to Mars A seriesof manned and unmanned missions willtest and develop the technologies andknowledge that will get humans safely toMars and back These will require advancesin many areas such as guidance systemsrobotics radiation-hardening propulsionand life-support systems
WHERE MISSIONS COME ALIVE
Along with the European contribution to theISS including ATV production its scientificand technical utilisation and other humanspaceflight activities ESA also manages theflight operations of all it missions and theircorresponding ground segment elements
The International Space Station (NASAESA)
Studying space weather is a key element of Space Situational Awareness
larr ESOCs Main Control Room Darmstadt
0
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The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)in Darmstadt Germany serves as the maincontrol centre for ESA missions and hoststhe Estrack Control Centre ndash which managesthe ESA tracking station network EstrackThis worldwide system of ground stationsprovides links between satellites in orbit and
ESOC with 10 stations in seven countries Theessential task of all ESA tracking stations isto communicate with our missions uplinkcommands and downlink scientific data andspacecraft status information
Based on experience since 1967 in controllingover 60 missions and the capability tomanage multiple spacecraft at once wealso provide our mission control expertise tooutside agencies and customers In additionto operating missions ESA provides world-class services to a variety of internal andexternal clients for space debris tracking and
collision alerts geodata analysis softwaredevelopment and navigation
SPACE FOR SECURITY
The Space Situational Awareness (SSA)initiative aims to provide Europe withservices to protect satellites and Earth Theinitiative supports Europersquos independentutilisation of space through provision oftimely and accurate information about thespace environment SSA will strengthenreliability availability and security ofEuropersquos space-based services It will be
coordinated with international partners andthe institutions of the European Union
European industry will benefit from newcontracts and world-class competitivecapabilities gained through development ofthe SSA infrastructure and services
darr ESA astronaut Hans Schlegel makes a spacewalk during the installation of the European Columbus laboratory on the ISS (NASA)
rarr EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
Vladimir Remek (CZ)Soyuz 28 1978
Miroslaw Hermaszewski (PL)Soyuz 30 1978
Siegmund Jaumlhn (DE)
Soyuz 31 1978
Georgi Ivanov (BG)Soyuz 33 1979
Bertalan Farkas (HU)Soyuz 36 1980
Dimitru Prunariu (RO)Soyuz 40 1981
Jean-Loup Chreacutetien (FR)Soyuz T-6 1982Soyuz TM-7 1988STS-86 1997
Ulf Merbold (DE)STS-9 1983
STS-42 1992Euromir 94Soyuz TM-20 1994
Patrick Baudry (FR)STS-51G 1985
Reinhard Furrer (DE)STS-61A 1985
Ernst Messerschmid (DE)STS-61A 1985
Wubbo Ockels (NL)STS-61A 1985
Alexander Alexandrov (BG)Soyuz TM-5 1988
Helen Sharman (GB)
Soyuz TM-12 1991
Franz Viehboumlck (AT)Soyuz TM-13 1991
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (DE)Soyuz TM-14 1992
Dirk Frimout (BE)STS-45 1992
Michel Tognini (FR) AntaregravesSoyuz TM-15 1992STS-93 1999
Franco Malerba (IT)STS-46 1992
Claude Nicollier (CH)STS-46 1992STS-61 1993STS-75 1996STS-103 1999
Hans Schlegel (DE)STS-55 1993STS-122 2008
Ulrich Walter (DE)STS-55 1993
Jean-Pierre Haignereacute (FR) AltairSoyuz TM-17 1993PerseusSoyuz TM-29 1999
Jean-Franccedilois Clervoy (FR)
STS-66 1994STS-84 1997STS-103 1999
Thomas Reiter (DE)Euromir 95Soyuz TM-22 19956 AstrolabSTS-121 2006
Maurizio Cheli (IT)STS-75 1996
Umberto Guidoni (IT)STS-75 1996STS-100 2001
Jean-Jaques Favier (FR)STS-78 1996
Claudie Haignereacute (FR)
CassiopeacuteeSoyuz TM-24 1996 AndromegravedeSoyuz TM-33 2001
Reinhold Ewald (DE)Soyuz TM-25 1997
Leacuteopold Eyharts (FR)PeacutegaseSoyuz TM-27 1998STS-122 2008
Pedro Duque (ES)STS-95 1998CervantesSoyuz TMA-3 2003
Ivan Bella (SL) Soyuz TM-29 1999
Gerhard Thiele (DE)STS-99 2000
Roberto Vittori (IT)Marco PoloSoyuz TM-34 2002EneideSoyuz TMA-6 2005DAMASTS-134 2011
Philippe Perrin (FR)STS-111 2002
Frank De Winne (BE)OdisseaSoyuz TMA-1 2002OasISSSoyuz TMA-15 2009
Andreacute Kuipers (NL)DeltaSoyuz TMA-4 2004
PromISSeSoyuz TMA-03M 2011
Christer Fuglesang (SE)CelsiusSTS-116 2006 AlisseacuteSTS-128 2009
Paolo Nespoli (IT)STS-120 2007MagISStraSoyuz TMA-20 2010
Luca Parmitano (IT)VolareSoyuz TMA-09M 2013
Alexander Gerst (DE)Blue DotSoyuz TMA-13M 2014
Samantha Cristoforetti (IT)FuturaSoyuz TMA-15M 2014
Andreas Mogensen (DK)
IrissSoyuz TMA-18M 2015
Timothy Peake (GB)PrincipiaSoyuz TMA-19M 2015
11
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Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
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ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
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An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
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The Philae lander took a lsquoselfiersquoof the Rosettaspacecraft at Comet 983094983095PChuryumovndash
Gerasimenko from a distance of about 983089983094 kmon 983095 October 983090983088983089983092 (ESARosettaPhilaeCIVA)
CONTENTS
rarr SPACE TO DISCOVER 2
rarr SPACE FOR EARTH 4
rarr SPACE TO LOCATE 6
rarr SPACE TO COMMUNICATE 7
rarr SPACE TO INNOVATE 8
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE 9
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE 10
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science amp robotic exploration
rarr SPACE TO DISCOVER
Over the past 40 years Europe has marked a series of firsts in the exploration of
the Solar System and of our Universe from an encounter with Comet Halley in 1986
parachuting a probe on to Saturnrsquos moon Titan in 2005 and landing on a comet in 2014
to studying our Sun in unprecedented detail and photographing the farthest galaxies
To continue such successful achievementsESA is now looking ahead to the next20 years with its Cosmic Vision programmeThis is a way of building on a solid past and
working today to overcome the scientificintellectual and technological challengesof tomorrow Cosmic Vision is a startingpoint for crucial studies in space science todiscover if other worlds exist and how lifeand the Universe evolved from the Big Bangto now
Several fundamental themes lie at the coreof the Cosmic Vision programme ndash the conditions for planetary formation and
the emergence of lifendash how the Solar System worksndash the fundamental physical laws of the
Universendash the origins of the Universe and what it is
made of
EXPLORING OTHER PLANETS
Scientists believe that our Solar Systemformed about 4600 million years ago Sincethen its planets and moons have all evolvedin very different ways To understand howthe Solar System works and why Earth isunique ESA has launched a series of highlysuccessful science missions
Mars Express has found water on Mars andis mapping its surface Venus Express ispeering into the dense Venusian atmosphereto study the dramatic greenhouse effectESArsquos Huygens has landed on Titan a moon ofSaturn to study its chemistry and mineralogyRosetta rendezvoused and landed onComet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko andis now helping scientists understand ifcomets brought water and life to Earth TheBepiColombo mission will explore Mercurythe closest planet to the Sun to learn howplanets near stars form and evolve
ExoMars is a cooperation of ESA andRoscosmos to continue the exploration of theMars One of its most ambitious scientificgoals is to establish whether life ever existed
or is still active on Mars today This is one ofthe outstanding questions of our time and aprerequisite to prepare for the future humanexploration of the Red Planet
In 2022 JUICE will fly to Jupiter the largestplanet in the Solar System JUICE will focuson its three largest icy moons EuropaGanymede and Callisto to assess thepotential habitability of their hidden deepwater oceans
MONITORING THE STORMY SUN
Solar exploration has always played a keyrole in ESArsquos space science programme andsatellites built in Europe have a long andhighly successful tradition in monitoring ourstar and exploring its environment
Today many missions study the Sun oursource of heat and energy that allows life toform and evolve on Earth The joint ESANASAUlysses has provided us with the first-evermap of the heliosphere from the Sunrsquos equatorto its poles ESArsquos four Cluster satellites areinvestigating the interaction between Earthrsquosmagnetosphere and the solar wind
SOHO orbiting at a special point in spaceon the sunward side of Earth sends imagesof solar explosions and probes the hiddeninterior of the Sun Especially remarkable areits observations of coronal mass ejectionsin which the Sun sends huge puffs ofelectrified gas out into the Solar System
Satellites and power and communicationssystems on the ground are vulnerable tothis lsquospace weatherrsquo and their engineerscan now be alerted in good time
In November 2014 ESAs Rosetta mission rendezvoused and landed on Comet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko
Sunshield test unit on James Webb Space Telescope unfurled for the first time (NASA)
larr Solar Orbiter will study our star the Sun and the solar wind at close range
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In 2017 Solar Orbiter will fly to within42 million km of the Sun even closer thanMercury to study our star and the solarwind at close range
LOOKING DEEP INTO THE UNIVERSE
Space-based telescopes such as Hubbleand ESArsquos XMM-Newton and Integral arestudying the Universe beyond the visiblelight observing hot places around black holesand exploded stars and monitoring celestialobjects with extreme gravity density andtemperature Planck and Herschel are lookingdeeper into space to study the birth of theUniverse and to solve the mystery of how
stars and galaxies are born A new generationof telescopes such as the James Webb SpaceTelescope will investigate supernovas blackholes and quasars They will provide scientistswith insight into the birth and evolution ofplanetary systems
The Euclid mission will try to answer
one of the biggest questions in moderncosmology why is the Universe expandingat an accelerating rate rather than slowingdown due to the gravitational attraction ofall the matter in it Studying galaxies up to10 billion light years away Euclid will plot theevolution of the Universersquos structure overthree-quarters of its history
rarr ExoMars
mission (ESAAOES)
3
rarr SUN
ESRO-2
ISEE-B
Ulysses
SOHO
Cluster amp DoubleStar (with China)
Solar Orbiter
1968
1977
1990
1995
200020032004
2017
Cosmic and X-radiation from the Sun
International Sun-Earth Explorer
First spacecraft to overfly the Sunrsquospoles
Studying the Sunrsquos core outercorona and solar wind
Interaction of the solar wind andEarthrsquos magnetosphere
Study of the Sun from close range
rarr ASTRONOMY AND THE EXOTIC UNIVERSE
TD-1A
Cos-B
IUE
Exosat
Hipparcos
Hubble SpaceTelescope
ISO
XMM-Newton
Integral
Herschel
Planck
Gaia
LISA Pathfinder
Cheops
JWST
Euclid
Plato
Athena
1972
1975
1978
1983
1989
1990
1995
1999
2002
2009
2009
2013
2015
2017
2018
2020
2024
2028
Measuring ultraviolet radiation from15 000 stars
Gamma-ray studies
Ultraviolet observations of 10 000celestial objects
X-ray emissions of astronomicalphenomena
Position measurements of 120 000 stars
Orbiting astronomical observatory
Exploring the infrared Universe
The most sensitive X-ray observatoryto date
Observing the most energeticphenomena in gamma rays
Infrared emissions from stars andgalaxies
Studying the Cosmic MicrowaveBackground radiation
Precision mapping of one billion stars
Technology test for LISA mission
Studying exoplanets around nearbybright stars
Second-generation space telescope
Probing dark matter dark energy andthe expanding Universe
Studying extrasolar planetary systems
X-ray astronomy
rarr SOLAR SYSTEM AND SUN991251EARTH INTERACTIONS
Aurora
HEOS-1
Boreas
HEOS-2
ESRO-4
GEOS-1
GEOS-2
Giotto
Cassini‒Huygens
Mars Express
SMART-1
Huygens
Rosetta
Venus Express
BepiColombo
ExoMars
ExoMars
JUICE
1968
1968
1969
1972
1972
1977
1978
1985
1997
2003
2003
2004
2004
2005
2016
2016
2018
2022
Polar frontiers of the Van Allenradiation belt
Interplanetary magnetic fields
Polar frontiers of the Van Allen
radiation belt
Interplanetary magnetic fields
Upper atmosphere temperaturevariations
Plasma particles and waves inEarthrsquos magnetic field
Movement in Earthrsquos upperatmosphere
Fly-past of Comet Halley andComet Grigg‒Skjellerup
Exploring Saturnrsquos system anddescending onto its largest moon
Titan
Studying the atmospheresurface and subsurface of theRed Planet
Testing solar-electric propulsionand studying the Moonrsquos surface
Probing the atmosphere andsurface of Titan
Orbiter of Comet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko andPhilae lander
Exploring Venus and itsatmosphere
Exploring the planet Mercury
Mars orbiter and lander
Mars rover and surface platform
Characterising conditions of ocean-bearing moons around Jupiter
Name Launch Mission
Name Launch Mission
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earth observation
rarr SPACE FOR EARTH
What is happening to our planet Satellites are unique in their ability to constantly
monitor the entire Earth they can provide crucial information about our ever-changing
planet From space we monitor many natural and man-made events from floods and
forest fires to changes in ice cover rising sea levels and oil slicks
ESArsquos Earth observation satelliteshave given Europe a leading role inunderstanding the global environmentincreasing our knowledge about Earthrsquos
weather and climate change Since the1970s the Meteosat series of weathersatellites has provided a wealth of datafor the meteorology community Envisatand the ERS remote-sensing satellites haveallowed scientists to build datasets onenvironmental phenomena and climatechange for 20 years
The Earth Explorer satellites are givingscientists the chance of using breakthroughtechnologies to address specific issuesand learn more about interaction betweenthe atmosphere biosphere hydrosphere
cryosphere and the interior and about theimpact that human activity is having onEarthrsquos natural processes
The EarthWatch missions ensure continuityof datasets and provide operational servicesDeveloped with Eumetsat the first twoMeteosat Second Generation satellitesand MetOp-A Europersquos first polar-orbitingmeteorological satellite are operational
ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY
Space-based observation of Earth is anessential source of information for decision-makers in responding to challenges such asglobal environmental change and security
Information must be of practical use arrivingquickly and economically and be accessibleto those using it Copernicus previouslyknown as GMES is a joint initiativebetween the EU and ESA will consolidateEuropersquos capacity to collect and manage
environmental and civil security data andinformation for its citizens
The success of Copernicus is being achieved
largely through ESArsquos well-engineeredSpace Component to provide essentialsatellite data according to European policypriorities This includes the developmentof a series of Sentinel satellites and theintegration of national and Europeanmissions to guarantee continuity of dataand services
CLIMATE CHANGE
Over the last decades satellites observingEarth have been providing an ever-clearerpicture of the health of our planet and the
signs of climate change
ESArsquos Climate Change Initiative exploitsarchive satellite records going backthree decades combined with data fromnew missions to produce informationon a wide range of variables such asgreenhouse-gas concentrations sea-iceextent and thickness and sea-surfacetemperature and salinity
This strategy of generating datasets ofEssential Climate Variables provides Europewith a powerful tool to monitor the state ofthe climate system and to help predict theeffects that a changing climate may bring
WATCHING THE WEATHER
What will tomorrowrsquos weather bringRegular accurate weather forecasts arecrucial to many activities aviation shippingagriculture fishing construction and evensport and leisure
Satellite measurements showing nitrogen dioxide as a pollutant produced by burning fossil fuels
Earths gravity revealed in unprecedented detail by GOCE
larr Hurricane Sandy approaching North America in October 2012 as seen by Europes MetOp-A
(Eumetsat)
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rarr From space we monitor many natural and
man-made events from floods and forest fires
to changes in ice cover and rising sea levels
rarr EARTH OBSERVATION MISSIONS
Meteosat-1
Meteosat-2
Meteosat-3
Meteosat-4
Meteosat-5
ERS-1
Meteosat-6
ERS-2
Meteosat-7
Proba-1
Envisat
Meteosat-8
MSG-2
MetOp-A
GOCE
SMOS
Name Launch Mission
1977
1981
1988
1989
1991
1991
1993
1995
1997
2001
2002
2002
2005
2006
2009
2009
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Operational meteorology
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
TechnologyEarth observation
Earth observation
Formerly MSG-1 operationalmeteorology
Operational meteorology
Meteorological services
Gravity field and geoid
Soil moisture and ocean salinity
CryoSat-2
MSG-3
MetOp-B
Sentinel-1
Swarm
Sentinel-2
Sentinel-3
MSG-4
Aeolus
Sentinel-5 Precursor
Sentinel-4
EarthCARE
MetOp-C
MTG-I-1
MTG-S-1
Sentinel-5
Biomass
Earth Explorer 8
2010
2012
2012
2013
2013
2014
2014
2015
2016
2016
2017
2018
2018
2018
2020
2020
2020
Ice sheets and marine ice cover
Operational meteorology
Polar meteorology
Operational radar imaging
Magnetic field studies
Land monitoring
Marine monitoring
Operational meteorology
Atmospheric dynamics
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Radiation and cloud interaction
Polar meteorological services
Meteosat Third Generation
Meteosat Third Generation
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Studying the worldrsquos tropical forests
Meteorological satellites provide data onweather systems by using instrumentsto monitor clouds and winds measuretemperatures and pressure and manyother surface conditions on land sea andin the air
As a result of the cooperation betweenESA and Eumetsat Europe has a fleet ofmeteorological satellites to provide betterknowledge about our planetrsquos weather andclimate The Meteosat series monitor Earthfrom geostationary orbit while MetOp is thefirst European meteorological satellite inpolar orbit
Work has started on developing the nextgeneration of meteorological satellitesMeteosat Third Generation
5
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galileo amp navigation-related activities
rarr SPACE TO LOCATE
After mobile phones and the internet satellite navigation is the latest high-tech
addition to our everyday lives Spacecraft orbiting Earth can tell you exactly where
you are 24 hours a day
rarr GALILEO NAVIGATION
Car and truck drivers farmers yachtsmenand hikers have all discovered the benefitsof satellite navigation Air traffic controlshipping rescue operations crisismanagement and law enforcement services
have all been revolutionised by moreaccurate and reliable positioning systems
Determined to provide Europe with its ownindependent global civil satellite navigationsystem the European Commission and ESAhave devised a two-step approach
The already operational EGNOS whichaugments GPS is used in numerous Europeanairports for safer approaches and landings
The worldwide Galileo system started withtwo demonstration missions GIOVE-A and B
It made its first positioning in March 2013during its In-Orbit Validation phase provingthe concept These four satellites were joinedby Satellites 5 and 6 in August 2014 and then7 and 8 in March 2015 The constellation
build-up will now progress at a steady rateleading to its completion of 30 satellites andits associated ground segment
The range of potential applications forGalileo is extremely wide Looking beyondthe transport sector where it will increasesafety efficiency and comfort its advancedtechnological features and its commerciallyoriented services will make it a valuable toolfor many more economic sectors
Initial services including Open ServiceSearch And Rescue and Public Regulated
Service are planned for 2016 Interoperablewith GPS Galileo signals will be treatedby receivers in a fully transparent wayMultiplying the satellites in space willimprove reliability and accuracy on Earth
The first two Galileo satellites were launched
from Europes Spaceport in 2011
larr Satellites in the Galileo constellation
GIOVE-A
GIOVE-B
IOV x2
IOV x2
Galileo 56
Galileo 78
Name Launch Mission
2005
2008
2011
2012
2014
2015
Demonstration mission
Demonstration mission
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
Full Operational Capability satellites
Full Operational Capability satellites
larr Satellite positioning has already become the standard way of navigating
now essential for the efficient running of transport systems and also human
safety (Zetapress)
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telecommunications amp integrated applications
rarr SPACE TO COMMUNICATE
uarr Integrated applications combining
the use of different types of satellites
such as telecommunications Earth observation
and navigation
ESArsquos Advanced Research inTelecommunications Systems (ARTES)programmes transform research anddevelopment investment into successfulcommercial products and are central to
European and Canadian industries remainingworld-class competitors These programmesenable companies of participating states toincrease competitiveness access new marketsencourage growth and foster innovation
EXPANDING AT EVERY LEVEL
Europe currently takes home 35 of globalcommercial satellite orders and the sector isgrowing steadily Global revenue has nearlytripled in the past decade ESA supports thedeployment of new satellites and programmesthat help companies compete on the global
market by providing them with the means todiversify their products and enter new markets
Alphasat is the biggest European telecomsatellite ever built based on Alphabusthe next generation of large platforms forhigh-power telecom satellites SmallGEO isa flexible geostationary satellite platformfor smaller spacecraft The lsquoNext Generationrsquogeostationary platform Neosat is ESArsquosoffering to the mid-range market whichmakes up the bulk of satellite ordersQuantum is a pioneering mission thatwill influence how telecom satellites areprocured and manufactured in Europe byvalidating a new generic payload design
Most of ESArsquos support to satcom technologyis in publicndashprivate partnerships withcompanies from all over Europe Thesepartnerships stimulate breakthroughsby sharing the risk between ESA and
industry making it easier to take onpotentially game-changing projectsOne is the European Data Relay System(EDRS) an independent European networkfor transmission of large quantities ofsatellite data Another Electra will developa communications satellite with fullelectric-propulsion Atlas is an extensionof an ARTES element that supports firstflight opportunities for experiments oncommercial telecoms satellites
SATCOM FOR SEA AND SKYhellip
Iris is an air-to-ground communicationssystem for safer and more precise air trafficmanagement The maritime sector is set tobenefit from SAT-AIS which uses satellitesto extend the reach of identificationmessages from ship to shore
hellipAND EVERYWHERE ELSE
ESArsquos ARTES programme includesthe development of applications thatprovide solutions to the needs andchallenges faced by society in areas suchas health agriculture security energy andmore ndash all making use of multiple spaceassets to improve our daily lives
OTS-2
Marecs-A
ECS-1
ECS-2
Marecs-B2
ECS-4
ECS-5
Name Launch Mission
1978
1981
1983
1984
1984
1987
1988
Telecoms technology demonstration
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Olympus
Artemis
Hylas-1
Alphasat
SmallGEO
EDRS-A
EDRS-C
Neosat
Electra
1989
2001
2010
2013
20156
2015
2016
2018
2019
Telecoms technology demonstration
Telecoms technology demonstration
Broadband services in public‒privatepartnership
Next-generation telecoms satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Data relay satellite
Data relay satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Telecoms with electric propulsion
7
Global communications underpin modern society and represent an
important commercial sector Satellites are a fundamental part of global
telecommunications networks providing all kind of services efficiently and
seamlessly over almost every region of our planet
rarr TELECOMMUNICATIONS MISSIONS
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technology
rarr SPACE TO INNOVATE
What accounts for the continued commercial success of European space The answer
is innovation The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development notes a
third of all new space patents are filed in Europe second only to the United States
Europersquos space industry stays smarter thanits international competitors thanks to asteady stream of technology developmentcoordinated by ESArsquos Technology programmes
Technology lies at the foundation ofeverything ESA does ESArsquos technology researchand development programmes are run ona 5ndash10 year time span from investigatingpromising new ideas to finalising hardware foractual spaceflight ndash and commercial markets
Cross-cutting initiatives address directly the keytechnological challenges of this new centurysustainability of space activities on Earth andin orbit key advances in scientific instrumentsspace technologies that can help address the
Proba-3 is ESArsquos first close formation-flying mission A pair of satellites will fly together on a
coordinated basis evaluating techniques for flying in tandem
larr A running PPS 1350 Hall effect thruster as used on Alphasat
darr ESArsquos world-class laboratories use an unrivalled combination of expert knowledge and specialised
equipment (ESAG Schoonewille)
energy challenges on Earth and the buildingblocks for human and robotic exploration
BRINGING SPACE DOWN TO EARTH
ESArsquos Technology programmes also prioritisethe transfer of high-performance technologiesto terrestrial markets fostering new businessesand boosting wider European competitiveness
The transfer of these space technologies toour daily lives brings real benefits in manyways Space technologies are already beingused to improve the well-being of ordinarycitizens through for example healthcareproducts improved waste management andwater recovery
rarr TECHNOLOGY MISSION
Proba-1
Proba-2
Proba-V
Proba-3
Name Launch Mission
2001
2009
2013
2018
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Technology demonstratorscience
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Formation flyingsolar science
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launchers
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE
Self-sufficiency in sending satellites into orbit is vital for Europersquos independence in
space Since the beginning of the Ariane programme in 1973 a highly successful
series of launchers has been developed from Ariane 1 through to Ariane 5
The Ariane 5 heavy-lift launcher ensures thatEurope maintains its competitive edge in theglobal launcher market The current Ariane 5ECA can deliver almost 10 tonnes into thegeostationary transfer orbits needed for
many satellites
Smaller launchers are still needed to meetthe market for smaller satellites addinggreater flexibility to the range of Europeanlaunch capabilities ESA has developed Vegacapable of lifting up to 15 tonnes into lowEarth orbit and Russiarsquos medium-lift Soyuzvehicles are being launched from EuropersquosSpaceport at Kourou French Guiana
Today European launch services are themost reliable in the world But economicallyspeaking they operate in a commercial market
where competitors are heavily supportedby a guaranteed governmental market Tomeet this challenge of competitiveness ESAis developing the new Ariane 6 for a maidenflight in 2020 Ariane 6 will be a modular three-stage launcher with two configurations usingboosters in common with the Vega vehicle
For the future ESA is reviewing newtechnologies and propulsion systems withexperts from Europersquos research centres andaerospace industry to make access to spacesimpler and cheaper
EUROPErsquoS SPACEPORT
Situated between a rain forest and theAtlantic coast of South America Kourouin French Guiana has become a familiarvenue to space engineers and theircustomers from around the world It isthe home of the Guiana Space Centre ndashEuropersquos Spaceport
The high levels of efficiency safety andreliability at Europersquos Spaceport are wellknown In addition to its many European
clients the spaceport also undertakeslaunches for customers in the USA JapanCanada India and Brazil
When you launch a satellite any extraspeed gained from Earthrsquos rotation iswelcome This boost is strongest near theEquator so Kourou is the best placed of allthe worldrsquos major spaceports Spent rockets
fall safely into the open ocean and thesame is true for launchers sent northwardswhen different kinds of orbits are required
Developed by France in the late 1960sthe launch site is now used by ESA for itsAriane Vega and Soyuz rockets
rarr Launch of Ariane 5 ECA at Europersquos Spaceport
in French Guiana (ESACNESArianespace -
Optique Videacuteo du CSG)
rarr Europersquos growing launcher family
Vega Soyuz at CSG and Ariane 5 will soon
be joined by Ariane 6
9
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human spaceflight amp operations
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE
European astronauts have been taking part in human spaceflight missions for
over three decades either flying on the US Space Shuttle or Russian Soyuz
spacecraft first to the Mir space station and then to the International Space
Station (ISS) gaining a wealth of experience
The first ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold flewinto space in 1983 In 1998 the EuropeanAstronaut Centre was established inGermany to prepare European astronauts for
missions to the ISS Many have already flownto the ISS playing a vital role in the assemblyand operation of key elements of the station
Today new astronauts have been selectedand are taking part in missions to the ISSand eventually future human spaceflightmissions beyond
EUROPE AND THE INTERNATIONALSPACE STATION
The ISS is easily visible to the naked eye as itflies 400 km overhead It is a masterpiece of
global cooperation uniting the USA RussiaJapan Canada and Europe in the largestpartnership in the history of science
Europersquos involvement in this partnershipthrough ESA continues to be a story ofmajor technical and scientific achievementIt has been a huge stimulus for Europeanindustry which has taken great stridesin the development and manufacture ofcutting-edge space systems and hardware
Europersquos key contribution is the multi-purpose science laboratory ColumbusHere scientists can send experiments to becarried out in weightless conditions Withthe ISS completed utilisation of this uniquefacility and the exploitation of the unrivalledopportunities it offers are well under way
ESA also provided the Automated TransferVehicle (ATV) ndash a series of unmanned ferriesthat dock and undock automatically eachcarrying a cargo of food propellant andother supplies The ATVs also helped the ISSmaintain its attitude and remove waste forincineration in the atmosphere
Following the success of ATV and to offsetobligations towards ISS partners ESA isdeveloping the ATV-derived EuropeanService Module for the NASA Multi-Purpose
Crew Vehicle Orion
EXPLORING THE NEW FRONTIER
Space exploration is a great geopoliticalopportunity and those nations thatparticipate and contribute to a significantlevel in space exploration will shapethe current international principlesregulating the use of outer space ESAwill ensure that Europe plays a key rolein this future international explorationof space Through the exploitation ofthe ISS experience in human spaceflight
operations will be significantly increasedbut Europe has also been involved ininternational planning for explorationbeyond Earth orbit
These exploration plans focus on roboticmissions that will prepare the way subject toaffordability for human settlements on theMoon and the robotic exploration of MarsA long-term goal after 2030 could also bethe first human mission to Mars A seriesof manned and unmanned missions willtest and develop the technologies andknowledge that will get humans safely toMars and back These will require advancesin many areas such as guidance systemsrobotics radiation-hardening propulsionand life-support systems
WHERE MISSIONS COME ALIVE
Along with the European contribution to theISS including ATV production its scientificand technical utilisation and other humanspaceflight activities ESA also manages theflight operations of all it missions and theircorresponding ground segment elements
The International Space Station (NASAESA)
Studying space weather is a key element of Space Situational Awareness
larr ESOCs Main Control Room Darmstadt
0
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The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)in Darmstadt Germany serves as the maincontrol centre for ESA missions and hoststhe Estrack Control Centre ndash which managesthe ESA tracking station network EstrackThis worldwide system of ground stationsprovides links between satellites in orbit and
ESOC with 10 stations in seven countries Theessential task of all ESA tracking stations isto communicate with our missions uplinkcommands and downlink scientific data andspacecraft status information
Based on experience since 1967 in controllingover 60 missions and the capability tomanage multiple spacecraft at once wealso provide our mission control expertise tooutside agencies and customers In additionto operating missions ESA provides world-class services to a variety of internal andexternal clients for space debris tracking and
collision alerts geodata analysis softwaredevelopment and navigation
SPACE FOR SECURITY
The Space Situational Awareness (SSA)initiative aims to provide Europe withservices to protect satellites and Earth Theinitiative supports Europersquos independentutilisation of space through provision oftimely and accurate information about thespace environment SSA will strengthenreliability availability and security ofEuropersquos space-based services It will be
coordinated with international partners andthe institutions of the European Union
European industry will benefit from newcontracts and world-class competitivecapabilities gained through development ofthe SSA infrastructure and services
darr ESA astronaut Hans Schlegel makes a spacewalk during the installation of the European Columbus laboratory on the ISS (NASA)
rarr EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
Vladimir Remek (CZ)Soyuz 28 1978
Miroslaw Hermaszewski (PL)Soyuz 30 1978
Siegmund Jaumlhn (DE)
Soyuz 31 1978
Georgi Ivanov (BG)Soyuz 33 1979
Bertalan Farkas (HU)Soyuz 36 1980
Dimitru Prunariu (RO)Soyuz 40 1981
Jean-Loup Chreacutetien (FR)Soyuz T-6 1982Soyuz TM-7 1988STS-86 1997
Ulf Merbold (DE)STS-9 1983
STS-42 1992Euromir 94Soyuz TM-20 1994
Patrick Baudry (FR)STS-51G 1985
Reinhard Furrer (DE)STS-61A 1985
Ernst Messerschmid (DE)STS-61A 1985
Wubbo Ockels (NL)STS-61A 1985
Alexander Alexandrov (BG)Soyuz TM-5 1988
Helen Sharman (GB)
Soyuz TM-12 1991
Franz Viehboumlck (AT)Soyuz TM-13 1991
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (DE)Soyuz TM-14 1992
Dirk Frimout (BE)STS-45 1992
Michel Tognini (FR) AntaregravesSoyuz TM-15 1992STS-93 1999
Franco Malerba (IT)STS-46 1992
Claude Nicollier (CH)STS-46 1992STS-61 1993STS-75 1996STS-103 1999
Hans Schlegel (DE)STS-55 1993STS-122 2008
Ulrich Walter (DE)STS-55 1993
Jean-Pierre Haignereacute (FR) AltairSoyuz TM-17 1993PerseusSoyuz TM-29 1999
Jean-Franccedilois Clervoy (FR)
STS-66 1994STS-84 1997STS-103 1999
Thomas Reiter (DE)Euromir 95Soyuz TM-22 19956 AstrolabSTS-121 2006
Maurizio Cheli (IT)STS-75 1996
Umberto Guidoni (IT)STS-75 1996STS-100 2001
Jean-Jaques Favier (FR)STS-78 1996
Claudie Haignereacute (FR)
CassiopeacuteeSoyuz TM-24 1996 AndromegravedeSoyuz TM-33 2001
Reinhold Ewald (DE)Soyuz TM-25 1997
Leacuteopold Eyharts (FR)PeacutegaseSoyuz TM-27 1998STS-122 2008
Pedro Duque (ES)STS-95 1998CervantesSoyuz TMA-3 2003
Ivan Bella (SL) Soyuz TM-29 1999
Gerhard Thiele (DE)STS-99 2000
Roberto Vittori (IT)Marco PoloSoyuz TM-34 2002EneideSoyuz TMA-6 2005DAMASTS-134 2011
Philippe Perrin (FR)STS-111 2002
Frank De Winne (BE)OdisseaSoyuz TMA-1 2002OasISSSoyuz TMA-15 2009
Andreacute Kuipers (NL)DeltaSoyuz TMA-4 2004
PromISSeSoyuz TMA-03M 2011
Christer Fuglesang (SE)CelsiusSTS-116 2006 AlisseacuteSTS-128 2009
Paolo Nespoli (IT)STS-120 2007MagISStraSoyuz TMA-20 2010
Luca Parmitano (IT)VolareSoyuz TMA-09M 2013
Alexander Gerst (DE)Blue DotSoyuz TMA-13M 2014
Samantha Cristoforetti (IT)FuturaSoyuz TMA-15M 2014
Andreas Mogensen (DK)
IrissSoyuz TMA-18M 2015
Timothy Peake (GB)PrincipiaSoyuz TMA-19M 2015
11
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Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
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ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
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An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
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science amp robotic exploration
rarr SPACE TO DISCOVER
Over the past 40 years Europe has marked a series of firsts in the exploration of
the Solar System and of our Universe from an encounter with Comet Halley in 1986
parachuting a probe on to Saturnrsquos moon Titan in 2005 and landing on a comet in 2014
to studying our Sun in unprecedented detail and photographing the farthest galaxies
To continue such successful achievementsESA is now looking ahead to the next20 years with its Cosmic Vision programmeThis is a way of building on a solid past and
working today to overcome the scientificintellectual and technological challengesof tomorrow Cosmic Vision is a startingpoint for crucial studies in space science todiscover if other worlds exist and how lifeand the Universe evolved from the Big Bangto now
Several fundamental themes lie at the coreof the Cosmic Vision programme ndash the conditions for planetary formation and
the emergence of lifendash how the Solar System worksndash the fundamental physical laws of the
Universendash the origins of the Universe and what it is
made of
EXPLORING OTHER PLANETS
Scientists believe that our Solar Systemformed about 4600 million years ago Sincethen its planets and moons have all evolvedin very different ways To understand howthe Solar System works and why Earth isunique ESA has launched a series of highlysuccessful science missions
Mars Express has found water on Mars andis mapping its surface Venus Express ispeering into the dense Venusian atmosphereto study the dramatic greenhouse effectESArsquos Huygens has landed on Titan a moon ofSaturn to study its chemistry and mineralogyRosetta rendezvoused and landed onComet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko andis now helping scientists understand ifcomets brought water and life to Earth TheBepiColombo mission will explore Mercurythe closest planet to the Sun to learn howplanets near stars form and evolve
ExoMars is a cooperation of ESA andRoscosmos to continue the exploration of theMars One of its most ambitious scientificgoals is to establish whether life ever existed
or is still active on Mars today This is one ofthe outstanding questions of our time and aprerequisite to prepare for the future humanexploration of the Red Planet
In 2022 JUICE will fly to Jupiter the largestplanet in the Solar System JUICE will focuson its three largest icy moons EuropaGanymede and Callisto to assess thepotential habitability of their hidden deepwater oceans
MONITORING THE STORMY SUN
Solar exploration has always played a keyrole in ESArsquos space science programme andsatellites built in Europe have a long andhighly successful tradition in monitoring ourstar and exploring its environment
Today many missions study the Sun oursource of heat and energy that allows life toform and evolve on Earth The joint ESANASAUlysses has provided us with the first-evermap of the heliosphere from the Sunrsquos equatorto its poles ESArsquos four Cluster satellites areinvestigating the interaction between Earthrsquosmagnetosphere and the solar wind
SOHO orbiting at a special point in spaceon the sunward side of Earth sends imagesof solar explosions and probes the hiddeninterior of the Sun Especially remarkable areits observations of coronal mass ejectionsin which the Sun sends huge puffs ofelectrified gas out into the Solar System
Satellites and power and communicationssystems on the ground are vulnerable tothis lsquospace weatherrsquo and their engineerscan now be alerted in good time
In November 2014 ESAs Rosetta mission rendezvoused and landed on Comet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko
Sunshield test unit on James Webb Space Telescope unfurled for the first time (NASA)
larr Solar Orbiter will study our star the Sun and the solar wind at close range
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In 2017 Solar Orbiter will fly to within42 million km of the Sun even closer thanMercury to study our star and the solarwind at close range
LOOKING DEEP INTO THE UNIVERSE
Space-based telescopes such as Hubbleand ESArsquos XMM-Newton and Integral arestudying the Universe beyond the visiblelight observing hot places around black holesand exploded stars and monitoring celestialobjects with extreme gravity density andtemperature Planck and Herschel are lookingdeeper into space to study the birth of theUniverse and to solve the mystery of how
stars and galaxies are born A new generationof telescopes such as the James Webb SpaceTelescope will investigate supernovas blackholes and quasars They will provide scientistswith insight into the birth and evolution ofplanetary systems
The Euclid mission will try to answer
one of the biggest questions in moderncosmology why is the Universe expandingat an accelerating rate rather than slowingdown due to the gravitational attraction ofall the matter in it Studying galaxies up to10 billion light years away Euclid will plot theevolution of the Universersquos structure overthree-quarters of its history
rarr ExoMars
mission (ESAAOES)
3
rarr SUN
ESRO-2
ISEE-B
Ulysses
SOHO
Cluster amp DoubleStar (with China)
Solar Orbiter
1968
1977
1990
1995
200020032004
2017
Cosmic and X-radiation from the Sun
International Sun-Earth Explorer
First spacecraft to overfly the Sunrsquospoles
Studying the Sunrsquos core outercorona and solar wind
Interaction of the solar wind andEarthrsquos magnetosphere
Study of the Sun from close range
rarr ASTRONOMY AND THE EXOTIC UNIVERSE
TD-1A
Cos-B
IUE
Exosat
Hipparcos
Hubble SpaceTelescope
ISO
XMM-Newton
Integral
Herschel
Planck
Gaia
LISA Pathfinder
Cheops
JWST
Euclid
Plato
Athena
1972
1975
1978
1983
1989
1990
1995
1999
2002
2009
2009
2013
2015
2017
2018
2020
2024
2028
Measuring ultraviolet radiation from15 000 stars
Gamma-ray studies
Ultraviolet observations of 10 000celestial objects
X-ray emissions of astronomicalphenomena
Position measurements of 120 000 stars
Orbiting astronomical observatory
Exploring the infrared Universe
The most sensitive X-ray observatoryto date
Observing the most energeticphenomena in gamma rays
Infrared emissions from stars andgalaxies
Studying the Cosmic MicrowaveBackground radiation
Precision mapping of one billion stars
Technology test for LISA mission
Studying exoplanets around nearbybright stars
Second-generation space telescope
Probing dark matter dark energy andthe expanding Universe
Studying extrasolar planetary systems
X-ray astronomy
rarr SOLAR SYSTEM AND SUN991251EARTH INTERACTIONS
Aurora
HEOS-1
Boreas
HEOS-2
ESRO-4
GEOS-1
GEOS-2
Giotto
Cassini‒Huygens
Mars Express
SMART-1
Huygens
Rosetta
Venus Express
BepiColombo
ExoMars
ExoMars
JUICE
1968
1968
1969
1972
1972
1977
1978
1985
1997
2003
2003
2004
2004
2005
2016
2016
2018
2022
Polar frontiers of the Van Allenradiation belt
Interplanetary magnetic fields
Polar frontiers of the Van Allen
radiation belt
Interplanetary magnetic fields
Upper atmosphere temperaturevariations
Plasma particles and waves inEarthrsquos magnetic field
Movement in Earthrsquos upperatmosphere
Fly-past of Comet Halley andComet Grigg‒Skjellerup
Exploring Saturnrsquos system anddescending onto its largest moon
Titan
Studying the atmospheresurface and subsurface of theRed Planet
Testing solar-electric propulsionand studying the Moonrsquos surface
Probing the atmosphere andsurface of Titan
Orbiter of Comet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko andPhilae lander
Exploring Venus and itsatmosphere
Exploring the planet Mercury
Mars orbiter and lander
Mars rover and surface platform
Characterising conditions of ocean-bearing moons around Jupiter
Name Launch Mission
Name Launch Mission
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earth observation
rarr SPACE FOR EARTH
What is happening to our planet Satellites are unique in their ability to constantly
monitor the entire Earth they can provide crucial information about our ever-changing
planet From space we monitor many natural and man-made events from floods and
forest fires to changes in ice cover rising sea levels and oil slicks
ESArsquos Earth observation satelliteshave given Europe a leading role inunderstanding the global environmentincreasing our knowledge about Earthrsquos
weather and climate change Since the1970s the Meteosat series of weathersatellites has provided a wealth of datafor the meteorology community Envisatand the ERS remote-sensing satellites haveallowed scientists to build datasets onenvironmental phenomena and climatechange for 20 years
The Earth Explorer satellites are givingscientists the chance of using breakthroughtechnologies to address specific issuesand learn more about interaction betweenthe atmosphere biosphere hydrosphere
cryosphere and the interior and about theimpact that human activity is having onEarthrsquos natural processes
The EarthWatch missions ensure continuityof datasets and provide operational servicesDeveloped with Eumetsat the first twoMeteosat Second Generation satellitesand MetOp-A Europersquos first polar-orbitingmeteorological satellite are operational
ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY
Space-based observation of Earth is anessential source of information for decision-makers in responding to challenges such asglobal environmental change and security
Information must be of practical use arrivingquickly and economically and be accessibleto those using it Copernicus previouslyknown as GMES is a joint initiativebetween the EU and ESA will consolidateEuropersquos capacity to collect and manage
environmental and civil security data andinformation for its citizens
The success of Copernicus is being achieved
largely through ESArsquos well-engineeredSpace Component to provide essentialsatellite data according to European policypriorities This includes the developmentof a series of Sentinel satellites and theintegration of national and Europeanmissions to guarantee continuity of dataand services
CLIMATE CHANGE
Over the last decades satellites observingEarth have been providing an ever-clearerpicture of the health of our planet and the
signs of climate change
ESArsquos Climate Change Initiative exploitsarchive satellite records going backthree decades combined with data fromnew missions to produce informationon a wide range of variables such asgreenhouse-gas concentrations sea-iceextent and thickness and sea-surfacetemperature and salinity
This strategy of generating datasets ofEssential Climate Variables provides Europewith a powerful tool to monitor the state ofthe climate system and to help predict theeffects that a changing climate may bring
WATCHING THE WEATHER
What will tomorrowrsquos weather bringRegular accurate weather forecasts arecrucial to many activities aviation shippingagriculture fishing construction and evensport and leisure
Satellite measurements showing nitrogen dioxide as a pollutant produced by burning fossil fuels
Earths gravity revealed in unprecedented detail by GOCE
larr Hurricane Sandy approaching North America in October 2012 as seen by Europes MetOp-A
(Eumetsat)
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rarr From space we monitor many natural and
man-made events from floods and forest fires
to changes in ice cover and rising sea levels
rarr EARTH OBSERVATION MISSIONS
Meteosat-1
Meteosat-2
Meteosat-3
Meteosat-4
Meteosat-5
ERS-1
Meteosat-6
ERS-2
Meteosat-7
Proba-1
Envisat
Meteosat-8
MSG-2
MetOp-A
GOCE
SMOS
Name Launch Mission
1977
1981
1988
1989
1991
1991
1993
1995
1997
2001
2002
2002
2005
2006
2009
2009
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Operational meteorology
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
TechnologyEarth observation
Earth observation
Formerly MSG-1 operationalmeteorology
Operational meteorology
Meteorological services
Gravity field and geoid
Soil moisture and ocean salinity
CryoSat-2
MSG-3
MetOp-B
Sentinel-1
Swarm
Sentinel-2
Sentinel-3
MSG-4
Aeolus
Sentinel-5 Precursor
Sentinel-4
EarthCARE
MetOp-C
MTG-I-1
MTG-S-1
Sentinel-5
Biomass
Earth Explorer 8
2010
2012
2012
2013
2013
2014
2014
2015
2016
2016
2017
2018
2018
2018
2020
2020
2020
Ice sheets and marine ice cover
Operational meteorology
Polar meteorology
Operational radar imaging
Magnetic field studies
Land monitoring
Marine monitoring
Operational meteorology
Atmospheric dynamics
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Radiation and cloud interaction
Polar meteorological services
Meteosat Third Generation
Meteosat Third Generation
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Studying the worldrsquos tropical forests
Meteorological satellites provide data onweather systems by using instrumentsto monitor clouds and winds measuretemperatures and pressure and manyother surface conditions on land sea andin the air
As a result of the cooperation betweenESA and Eumetsat Europe has a fleet ofmeteorological satellites to provide betterknowledge about our planetrsquos weather andclimate The Meteosat series monitor Earthfrom geostationary orbit while MetOp is thefirst European meteorological satellite inpolar orbit
Work has started on developing the nextgeneration of meteorological satellitesMeteosat Third Generation
5
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galileo amp navigation-related activities
rarr SPACE TO LOCATE
After mobile phones and the internet satellite navigation is the latest high-tech
addition to our everyday lives Spacecraft orbiting Earth can tell you exactly where
you are 24 hours a day
rarr GALILEO NAVIGATION
Car and truck drivers farmers yachtsmenand hikers have all discovered the benefitsof satellite navigation Air traffic controlshipping rescue operations crisismanagement and law enforcement services
have all been revolutionised by moreaccurate and reliable positioning systems
Determined to provide Europe with its ownindependent global civil satellite navigationsystem the European Commission and ESAhave devised a two-step approach
The already operational EGNOS whichaugments GPS is used in numerous Europeanairports for safer approaches and landings
The worldwide Galileo system started withtwo demonstration missions GIOVE-A and B
It made its first positioning in March 2013during its In-Orbit Validation phase provingthe concept These four satellites were joinedby Satellites 5 and 6 in August 2014 and then7 and 8 in March 2015 The constellation
build-up will now progress at a steady rateleading to its completion of 30 satellites andits associated ground segment
The range of potential applications forGalileo is extremely wide Looking beyondthe transport sector where it will increasesafety efficiency and comfort its advancedtechnological features and its commerciallyoriented services will make it a valuable toolfor many more economic sectors
Initial services including Open ServiceSearch And Rescue and Public Regulated
Service are planned for 2016 Interoperablewith GPS Galileo signals will be treatedby receivers in a fully transparent wayMultiplying the satellites in space willimprove reliability and accuracy on Earth
The first two Galileo satellites were launched
from Europes Spaceport in 2011
larr Satellites in the Galileo constellation
GIOVE-A
GIOVE-B
IOV x2
IOV x2
Galileo 56
Galileo 78
Name Launch Mission
2005
2008
2011
2012
2014
2015
Demonstration mission
Demonstration mission
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
Full Operational Capability satellites
Full Operational Capability satellites
larr Satellite positioning has already become the standard way of navigating
now essential for the efficient running of transport systems and also human
safety (Zetapress)
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telecommunications amp integrated applications
rarr SPACE TO COMMUNICATE
uarr Integrated applications combining
the use of different types of satellites
such as telecommunications Earth observation
and navigation
ESArsquos Advanced Research inTelecommunications Systems (ARTES)programmes transform research anddevelopment investment into successfulcommercial products and are central to
European and Canadian industries remainingworld-class competitors These programmesenable companies of participating states toincrease competitiveness access new marketsencourage growth and foster innovation
EXPANDING AT EVERY LEVEL
Europe currently takes home 35 of globalcommercial satellite orders and the sector isgrowing steadily Global revenue has nearlytripled in the past decade ESA supports thedeployment of new satellites and programmesthat help companies compete on the global
market by providing them with the means todiversify their products and enter new markets
Alphasat is the biggest European telecomsatellite ever built based on Alphabusthe next generation of large platforms forhigh-power telecom satellites SmallGEO isa flexible geostationary satellite platformfor smaller spacecraft The lsquoNext Generationrsquogeostationary platform Neosat is ESArsquosoffering to the mid-range market whichmakes up the bulk of satellite ordersQuantum is a pioneering mission thatwill influence how telecom satellites areprocured and manufactured in Europe byvalidating a new generic payload design
Most of ESArsquos support to satcom technologyis in publicndashprivate partnerships withcompanies from all over Europe Thesepartnerships stimulate breakthroughsby sharing the risk between ESA and
industry making it easier to take onpotentially game-changing projectsOne is the European Data Relay System(EDRS) an independent European networkfor transmission of large quantities ofsatellite data Another Electra will developa communications satellite with fullelectric-propulsion Atlas is an extensionof an ARTES element that supports firstflight opportunities for experiments oncommercial telecoms satellites
SATCOM FOR SEA AND SKYhellip
Iris is an air-to-ground communicationssystem for safer and more precise air trafficmanagement The maritime sector is set tobenefit from SAT-AIS which uses satellitesto extend the reach of identificationmessages from ship to shore
hellipAND EVERYWHERE ELSE
ESArsquos ARTES programme includesthe development of applications thatprovide solutions to the needs andchallenges faced by society in areas suchas health agriculture security energy andmore ndash all making use of multiple spaceassets to improve our daily lives
OTS-2
Marecs-A
ECS-1
ECS-2
Marecs-B2
ECS-4
ECS-5
Name Launch Mission
1978
1981
1983
1984
1984
1987
1988
Telecoms technology demonstration
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Olympus
Artemis
Hylas-1
Alphasat
SmallGEO
EDRS-A
EDRS-C
Neosat
Electra
1989
2001
2010
2013
20156
2015
2016
2018
2019
Telecoms technology demonstration
Telecoms technology demonstration
Broadband services in public‒privatepartnership
Next-generation telecoms satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Data relay satellite
Data relay satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Telecoms with electric propulsion
7
Global communications underpin modern society and represent an
important commercial sector Satellites are a fundamental part of global
telecommunications networks providing all kind of services efficiently and
seamlessly over almost every region of our planet
rarr TELECOMMUNICATIONS MISSIONS
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technology
rarr SPACE TO INNOVATE
What accounts for the continued commercial success of European space The answer
is innovation The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development notes a
third of all new space patents are filed in Europe second only to the United States
Europersquos space industry stays smarter thanits international competitors thanks to asteady stream of technology developmentcoordinated by ESArsquos Technology programmes
Technology lies at the foundation ofeverything ESA does ESArsquos technology researchand development programmes are run ona 5ndash10 year time span from investigatingpromising new ideas to finalising hardware foractual spaceflight ndash and commercial markets
Cross-cutting initiatives address directly the keytechnological challenges of this new centurysustainability of space activities on Earth andin orbit key advances in scientific instrumentsspace technologies that can help address the
Proba-3 is ESArsquos first close formation-flying mission A pair of satellites will fly together on a
coordinated basis evaluating techniques for flying in tandem
larr A running PPS 1350 Hall effect thruster as used on Alphasat
darr ESArsquos world-class laboratories use an unrivalled combination of expert knowledge and specialised
equipment (ESAG Schoonewille)
energy challenges on Earth and the buildingblocks for human and robotic exploration
BRINGING SPACE DOWN TO EARTH
ESArsquos Technology programmes also prioritisethe transfer of high-performance technologiesto terrestrial markets fostering new businessesand boosting wider European competitiveness
The transfer of these space technologies toour daily lives brings real benefits in manyways Space technologies are already beingused to improve the well-being of ordinarycitizens through for example healthcareproducts improved waste management andwater recovery
rarr TECHNOLOGY MISSION
Proba-1
Proba-2
Proba-V
Proba-3
Name Launch Mission
2001
2009
2013
2018
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Technology demonstratorscience
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Formation flyingsolar science
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launchers
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE
Self-sufficiency in sending satellites into orbit is vital for Europersquos independence in
space Since the beginning of the Ariane programme in 1973 a highly successful
series of launchers has been developed from Ariane 1 through to Ariane 5
The Ariane 5 heavy-lift launcher ensures thatEurope maintains its competitive edge in theglobal launcher market The current Ariane 5ECA can deliver almost 10 tonnes into thegeostationary transfer orbits needed for
many satellites
Smaller launchers are still needed to meetthe market for smaller satellites addinggreater flexibility to the range of Europeanlaunch capabilities ESA has developed Vegacapable of lifting up to 15 tonnes into lowEarth orbit and Russiarsquos medium-lift Soyuzvehicles are being launched from EuropersquosSpaceport at Kourou French Guiana
Today European launch services are themost reliable in the world But economicallyspeaking they operate in a commercial market
where competitors are heavily supportedby a guaranteed governmental market Tomeet this challenge of competitiveness ESAis developing the new Ariane 6 for a maidenflight in 2020 Ariane 6 will be a modular three-stage launcher with two configurations usingboosters in common with the Vega vehicle
For the future ESA is reviewing newtechnologies and propulsion systems withexperts from Europersquos research centres andaerospace industry to make access to spacesimpler and cheaper
EUROPErsquoS SPACEPORT
Situated between a rain forest and theAtlantic coast of South America Kourouin French Guiana has become a familiarvenue to space engineers and theircustomers from around the world It isthe home of the Guiana Space Centre ndashEuropersquos Spaceport
The high levels of efficiency safety andreliability at Europersquos Spaceport are wellknown In addition to its many European
clients the spaceport also undertakeslaunches for customers in the USA JapanCanada India and Brazil
When you launch a satellite any extraspeed gained from Earthrsquos rotation iswelcome This boost is strongest near theEquator so Kourou is the best placed of allthe worldrsquos major spaceports Spent rockets
fall safely into the open ocean and thesame is true for launchers sent northwardswhen different kinds of orbits are required
Developed by France in the late 1960sthe launch site is now used by ESA for itsAriane Vega and Soyuz rockets
rarr Launch of Ariane 5 ECA at Europersquos Spaceport
in French Guiana (ESACNESArianespace -
Optique Videacuteo du CSG)
rarr Europersquos growing launcher family
Vega Soyuz at CSG and Ariane 5 will soon
be joined by Ariane 6
9
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human spaceflight amp operations
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE
European astronauts have been taking part in human spaceflight missions for
over three decades either flying on the US Space Shuttle or Russian Soyuz
spacecraft first to the Mir space station and then to the International Space
Station (ISS) gaining a wealth of experience
The first ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold flewinto space in 1983 In 1998 the EuropeanAstronaut Centre was established inGermany to prepare European astronauts for
missions to the ISS Many have already flownto the ISS playing a vital role in the assemblyand operation of key elements of the station
Today new astronauts have been selectedand are taking part in missions to the ISSand eventually future human spaceflightmissions beyond
EUROPE AND THE INTERNATIONALSPACE STATION
The ISS is easily visible to the naked eye as itflies 400 km overhead It is a masterpiece of
global cooperation uniting the USA RussiaJapan Canada and Europe in the largestpartnership in the history of science
Europersquos involvement in this partnershipthrough ESA continues to be a story ofmajor technical and scientific achievementIt has been a huge stimulus for Europeanindustry which has taken great stridesin the development and manufacture ofcutting-edge space systems and hardware
Europersquos key contribution is the multi-purpose science laboratory ColumbusHere scientists can send experiments to becarried out in weightless conditions Withthe ISS completed utilisation of this uniquefacility and the exploitation of the unrivalledopportunities it offers are well under way
ESA also provided the Automated TransferVehicle (ATV) ndash a series of unmanned ferriesthat dock and undock automatically eachcarrying a cargo of food propellant andother supplies The ATVs also helped the ISSmaintain its attitude and remove waste forincineration in the atmosphere
Following the success of ATV and to offsetobligations towards ISS partners ESA isdeveloping the ATV-derived EuropeanService Module for the NASA Multi-Purpose
Crew Vehicle Orion
EXPLORING THE NEW FRONTIER
Space exploration is a great geopoliticalopportunity and those nations thatparticipate and contribute to a significantlevel in space exploration will shapethe current international principlesregulating the use of outer space ESAwill ensure that Europe plays a key rolein this future international explorationof space Through the exploitation ofthe ISS experience in human spaceflight
operations will be significantly increasedbut Europe has also been involved ininternational planning for explorationbeyond Earth orbit
These exploration plans focus on roboticmissions that will prepare the way subject toaffordability for human settlements on theMoon and the robotic exploration of MarsA long-term goal after 2030 could also bethe first human mission to Mars A seriesof manned and unmanned missions willtest and develop the technologies andknowledge that will get humans safely toMars and back These will require advancesin many areas such as guidance systemsrobotics radiation-hardening propulsionand life-support systems
WHERE MISSIONS COME ALIVE
Along with the European contribution to theISS including ATV production its scientificand technical utilisation and other humanspaceflight activities ESA also manages theflight operations of all it missions and theircorresponding ground segment elements
The International Space Station (NASAESA)
Studying space weather is a key element of Space Situational Awareness
larr ESOCs Main Control Room Darmstadt
0
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The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)in Darmstadt Germany serves as the maincontrol centre for ESA missions and hoststhe Estrack Control Centre ndash which managesthe ESA tracking station network EstrackThis worldwide system of ground stationsprovides links between satellites in orbit and
ESOC with 10 stations in seven countries Theessential task of all ESA tracking stations isto communicate with our missions uplinkcommands and downlink scientific data andspacecraft status information
Based on experience since 1967 in controllingover 60 missions and the capability tomanage multiple spacecraft at once wealso provide our mission control expertise tooutside agencies and customers In additionto operating missions ESA provides world-class services to a variety of internal andexternal clients for space debris tracking and
collision alerts geodata analysis softwaredevelopment and navigation
SPACE FOR SECURITY
The Space Situational Awareness (SSA)initiative aims to provide Europe withservices to protect satellites and Earth Theinitiative supports Europersquos independentutilisation of space through provision oftimely and accurate information about thespace environment SSA will strengthenreliability availability and security ofEuropersquos space-based services It will be
coordinated with international partners andthe institutions of the European Union
European industry will benefit from newcontracts and world-class competitivecapabilities gained through development ofthe SSA infrastructure and services
darr ESA astronaut Hans Schlegel makes a spacewalk during the installation of the European Columbus laboratory on the ISS (NASA)
rarr EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
Vladimir Remek (CZ)Soyuz 28 1978
Miroslaw Hermaszewski (PL)Soyuz 30 1978
Siegmund Jaumlhn (DE)
Soyuz 31 1978
Georgi Ivanov (BG)Soyuz 33 1979
Bertalan Farkas (HU)Soyuz 36 1980
Dimitru Prunariu (RO)Soyuz 40 1981
Jean-Loup Chreacutetien (FR)Soyuz T-6 1982Soyuz TM-7 1988STS-86 1997
Ulf Merbold (DE)STS-9 1983
STS-42 1992Euromir 94Soyuz TM-20 1994
Patrick Baudry (FR)STS-51G 1985
Reinhard Furrer (DE)STS-61A 1985
Ernst Messerschmid (DE)STS-61A 1985
Wubbo Ockels (NL)STS-61A 1985
Alexander Alexandrov (BG)Soyuz TM-5 1988
Helen Sharman (GB)
Soyuz TM-12 1991
Franz Viehboumlck (AT)Soyuz TM-13 1991
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (DE)Soyuz TM-14 1992
Dirk Frimout (BE)STS-45 1992
Michel Tognini (FR) AntaregravesSoyuz TM-15 1992STS-93 1999
Franco Malerba (IT)STS-46 1992
Claude Nicollier (CH)STS-46 1992STS-61 1993STS-75 1996STS-103 1999
Hans Schlegel (DE)STS-55 1993STS-122 2008
Ulrich Walter (DE)STS-55 1993
Jean-Pierre Haignereacute (FR) AltairSoyuz TM-17 1993PerseusSoyuz TM-29 1999
Jean-Franccedilois Clervoy (FR)
STS-66 1994STS-84 1997STS-103 1999
Thomas Reiter (DE)Euromir 95Soyuz TM-22 19956 AstrolabSTS-121 2006
Maurizio Cheli (IT)STS-75 1996
Umberto Guidoni (IT)STS-75 1996STS-100 2001
Jean-Jaques Favier (FR)STS-78 1996
Claudie Haignereacute (FR)
CassiopeacuteeSoyuz TM-24 1996 AndromegravedeSoyuz TM-33 2001
Reinhold Ewald (DE)Soyuz TM-25 1997
Leacuteopold Eyharts (FR)PeacutegaseSoyuz TM-27 1998STS-122 2008
Pedro Duque (ES)STS-95 1998CervantesSoyuz TMA-3 2003
Ivan Bella (SL) Soyuz TM-29 1999
Gerhard Thiele (DE)STS-99 2000
Roberto Vittori (IT)Marco PoloSoyuz TM-34 2002EneideSoyuz TMA-6 2005DAMASTS-134 2011
Philippe Perrin (FR)STS-111 2002
Frank De Winne (BE)OdisseaSoyuz TMA-1 2002OasISSSoyuz TMA-15 2009
Andreacute Kuipers (NL)DeltaSoyuz TMA-4 2004
PromISSeSoyuz TMA-03M 2011
Christer Fuglesang (SE)CelsiusSTS-116 2006 AlisseacuteSTS-128 2009
Paolo Nespoli (IT)STS-120 2007MagISStraSoyuz TMA-20 2010
Luca Parmitano (IT)VolareSoyuz TMA-09M 2013
Alexander Gerst (DE)Blue DotSoyuz TMA-13M 2014
Samantha Cristoforetti (IT)FuturaSoyuz TMA-15M 2014
Andreas Mogensen (DK)
IrissSoyuz TMA-18M 2015
Timothy Peake (GB)PrincipiaSoyuz TMA-19M 2015
11
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Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
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ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
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An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
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In 2017 Solar Orbiter will fly to within42 million km of the Sun even closer thanMercury to study our star and the solarwind at close range
LOOKING DEEP INTO THE UNIVERSE
Space-based telescopes such as Hubbleand ESArsquos XMM-Newton and Integral arestudying the Universe beyond the visiblelight observing hot places around black holesand exploded stars and monitoring celestialobjects with extreme gravity density andtemperature Planck and Herschel are lookingdeeper into space to study the birth of theUniverse and to solve the mystery of how
stars and galaxies are born A new generationof telescopes such as the James Webb SpaceTelescope will investigate supernovas blackholes and quasars They will provide scientistswith insight into the birth and evolution ofplanetary systems
The Euclid mission will try to answer
one of the biggest questions in moderncosmology why is the Universe expandingat an accelerating rate rather than slowingdown due to the gravitational attraction ofall the matter in it Studying galaxies up to10 billion light years away Euclid will plot theevolution of the Universersquos structure overthree-quarters of its history
rarr ExoMars
mission (ESAAOES)
3
rarr SUN
ESRO-2
ISEE-B
Ulysses
SOHO
Cluster amp DoubleStar (with China)
Solar Orbiter
1968
1977
1990
1995
200020032004
2017
Cosmic and X-radiation from the Sun
International Sun-Earth Explorer
First spacecraft to overfly the Sunrsquospoles
Studying the Sunrsquos core outercorona and solar wind
Interaction of the solar wind andEarthrsquos magnetosphere
Study of the Sun from close range
rarr ASTRONOMY AND THE EXOTIC UNIVERSE
TD-1A
Cos-B
IUE
Exosat
Hipparcos
Hubble SpaceTelescope
ISO
XMM-Newton
Integral
Herschel
Planck
Gaia
LISA Pathfinder
Cheops
JWST
Euclid
Plato
Athena
1972
1975
1978
1983
1989
1990
1995
1999
2002
2009
2009
2013
2015
2017
2018
2020
2024
2028
Measuring ultraviolet radiation from15 000 stars
Gamma-ray studies
Ultraviolet observations of 10 000celestial objects
X-ray emissions of astronomicalphenomena
Position measurements of 120 000 stars
Orbiting astronomical observatory
Exploring the infrared Universe
The most sensitive X-ray observatoryto date
Observing the most energeticphenomena in gamma rays
Infrared emissions from stars andgalaxies
Studying the Cosmic MicrowaveBackground radiation
Precision mapping of one billion stars
Technology test for LISA mission
Studying exoplanets around nearbybright stars
Second-generation space telescope
Probing dark matter dark energy andthe expanding Universe
Studying extrasolar planetary systems
X-ray astronomy
rarr SOLAR SYSTEM AND SUN991251EARTH INTERACTIONS
Aurora
HEOS-1
Boreas
HEOS-2
ESRO-4
GEOS-1
GEOS-2
Giotto
Cassini‒Huygens
Mars Express
SMART-1
Huygens
Rosetta
Venus Express
BepiColombo
ExoMars
ExoMars
JUICE
1968
1968
1969
1972
1972
1977
1978
1985
1997
2003
2003
2004
2004
2005
2016
2016
2018
2022
Polar frontiers of the Van Allenradiation belt
Interplanetary magnetic fields
Polar frontiers of the Van Allen
radiation belt
Interplanetary magnetic fields
Upper atmosphere temperaturevariations
Plasma particles and waves inEarthrsquos magnetic field
Movement in Earthrsquos upperatmosphere
Fly-past of Comet Halley andComet Grigg‒Skjellerup
Exploring Saturnrsquos system anddescending onto its largest moon
Titan
Studying the atmospheresurface and subsurface of theRed Planet
Testing solar-electric propulsionand studying the Moonrsquos surface
Probing the atmosphere andsurface of Titan
Orbiter of Comet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko andPhilae lander
Exploring Venus and itsatmosphere
Exploring the planet Mercury
Mars orbiter and lander
Mars rover and surface platform
Characterising conditions of ocean-bearing moons around Jupiter
Name Launch Mission
Name Launch Mission
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 616
earth observation
rarr SPACE FOR EARTH
What is happening to our planet Satellites are unique in their ability to constantly
monitor the entire Earth they can provide crucial information about our ever-changing
planet From space we monitor many natural and man-made events from floods and
forest fires to changes in ice cover rising sea levels and oil slicks
ESArsquos Earth observation satelliteshave given Europe a leading role inunderstanding the global environmentincreasing our knowledge about Earthrsquos
weather and climate change Since the1970s the Meteosat series of weathersatellites has provided a wealth of datafor the meteorology community Envisatand the ERS remote-sensing satellites haveallowed scientists to build datasets onenvironmental phenomena and climatechange for 20 years
The Earth Explorer satellites are givingscientists the chance of using breakthroughtechnologies to address specific issuesand learn more about interaction betweenthe atmosphere biosphere hydrosphere
cryosphere and the interior and about theimpact that human activity is having onEarthrsquos natural processes
The EarthWatch missions ensure continuityof datasets and provide operational servicesDeveloped with Eumetsat the first twoMeteosat Second Generation satellitesand MetOp-A Europersquos first polar-orbitingmeteorological satellite are operational
ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY
Space-based observation of Earth is anessential source of information for decision-makers in responding to challenges such asglobal environmental change and security
Information must be of practical use arrivingquickly and economically and be accessibleto those using it Copernicus previouslyknown as GMES is a joint initiativebetween the EU and ESA will consolidateEuropersquos capacity to collect and manage
environmental and civil security data andinformation for its citizens
The success of Copernicus is being achieved
largely through ESArsquos well-engineeredSpace Component to provide essentialsatellite data according to European policypriorities This includes the developmentof a series of Sentinel satellites and theintegration of national and Europeanmissions to guarantee continuity of dataand services
CLIMATE CHANGE
Over the last decades satellites observingEarth have been providing an ever-clearerpicture of the health of our planet and the
signs of climate change
ESArsquos Climate Change Initiative exploitsarchive satellite records going backthree decades combined with data fromnew missions to produce informationon a wide range of variables such asgreenhouse-gas concentrations sea-iceextent and thickness and sea-surfacetemperature and salinity
This strategy of generating datasets ofEssential Climate Variables provides Europewith a powerful tool to monitor the state ofthe climate system and to help predict theeffects that a changing climate may bring
WATCHING THE WEATHER
What will tomorrowrsquos weather bringRegular accurate weather forecasts arecrucial to many activities aviation shippingagriculture fishing construction and evensport and leisure
Satellite measurements showing nitrogen dioxide as a pollutant produced by burning fossil fuels
Earths gravity revealed in unprecedented detail by GOCE
larr Hurricane Sandy approaching North America in October 2012 as seen by Europes MetOp-A
(Eumetsat)
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rarr From space we monitor many natural and
man-made events from floods and forest fires
to changes in ice cover and rising sea levels
rarr EARTH OBSERVATION MISSIONS
Meteosat-1
Meteosat-2
Meteosat-3
Meteosat-4
Meteosat-5
ERS-1
Meteosat-6
ERS-2
Meteosat-7
Proba-1
Envisat
Meteosat-8
MSG-2
MetOp-A
GOCE
SMOS
Name Launch Mission
1977
1981
1988
1989
1991
1991
1993
1995
1997
2001
2002
2002
2005
2006
2009
2009
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Operational meteorology
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
TechnologyEarth observation
Earth observation
Formerly MSG-1 operationalmeteorology
Operational meteorology
Meteorological services
Gravity field and geoid
Soil moisture and ocean salinity
CryoSat-2
MSG-3
MetOp-B
Sentinel-1
Swarm
Sentinel-2
Sentinel-3
MSG-4
Aeolus
Sentinel-5 Precursor
Sentinel-4
EarthCARE
MetOp-C
MTG-I-1
MTG-S-1
Sentinel-5
Biomass
Earth Explorer 8
2010
2012
2012
2013
2013
2014
2014
2015
2016
2016
2017
2018
2018
2018
2020
2020
2020
Ice sheets and marine ice cover
Operational meteorology
Polar meteorology
Operational radar imaging
Magnetic field studies
Land monitoring
Marine monitoring
Operational meteorology
Atmospheric dynamics
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Radiation and cloud interaction
Polar meteorological services
Meteosat Third Generation
Meteosat Third Generation
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Studying the worldrsquos tropical forests
Meteorological satellites provide data onweather systems by using instrumentsto monitor clouds and winds measuretemperatures and pressure and manyother surface conditions on land sea andin the air
As a result of the cooperation betweenESA and Eumetsat Europe has a fleet ofmeteorological satellites to provide betterknowledge about our planetrsquos weather andclimate The Meteosat series monitor Earthfrom geostationary orbit while MetOp is thefirst European meteorological satellite inpolar orbit
Work has started on developing the nextgeneration of meteorological satellitesMeteosat Third Generation
5
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galileo amp navigation-related activities
rarr SPACE TO LOCATE
After mobile phones and the internet satellite navigation is the latest high-tech
addition to our everyday lives Spacecraft orbiting Earth can tell you exactly where
you are 24 hours a day
rarr GALILEO NAVIGATION
Car and truck drivers farmers yachtsmenand hikers have all discovered the benefitsof satellite navigation Air traffic controlshipping rescue operations crisismanagement and law enforcement services
have all been revolutionised by moreaccurate and reliable positioning systems
Determined to provide Europe with its ownindependent global civil satellite navigationsystem the European Commission and ESAhave devised a two-step approach
The already operational EGNOS whichaugments GPS is used in numerous Europeanairports for safer approaches and landings
The worldwide Galileo system started withtwo demonstration missions GIOVE-A and B
It made its first positioning in March 2013during its In-Orbit Validation phase provingthe concept These four satellites were joinedby Satellites 5 and 6 in August 2014 and then7 and 8 in March 2015 The constellation
build-up will now progress at a steady rateleading to its completion of 30 satellites andits associated ground segment
The range of potential applications forGalileo is extremely wide Looking beyondthe transport sector where it will increasesafety efficiency and comfort its advancedtechnological features and its commerciallyoriented services will make it a valuable toolfor many more economic sectors
Initial services including Open ServiceSearch And Rescue and Public Regulated
Service are planned for 2016 Interoperablewith GPS Galileo signals will be treatedby receivers in a fully transparent wayMultiplying the satellites in space willimprove reliability and accuracy on Earth
The first two Galileo satellites were launched
from Europes Spaceport in 2011
larr Satellites in the Galileo constellation
GIOVE-A
GIOVE-B
IOV x2
IOV x2
Galileo 56
Galileo 78
Name Launch Mission
2005
2008
2011
2012
2014
2015
Demonstration mission
Demonstration mission
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
Full Operational Capability satellites
Full Operational Capability satellites
larr Satellite positioning has already become the standard way of navigating
now essential for the efficient running of transport systems and also human
safety (Zetapress)
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telecommunications amp integrated applications
rarr SPACE TO COMMUNICATE
uarr Integrated applications combining
the use of different types of satellites
such as telecommunications Earth observation
and navigation
ESArsquos Advanced Research inTelecommunications Systems (ARTES)programmes transform research anddevelopment investment into successfulcommercial products and are central to
European and Canadian industries remainingworld-class competitors These programmesenable companies of participating states toincrease competitiveness access new marketsencourage growth and foster innovation
EXPANDING AT EVERY LEVEL
Europe currently takes home 35 of globalcommercial satellite orders and the sector isgrowing steadily Global revenue has nearlytripled in the past decade ESA supports thedeployment of new satellites and programmesthat help companies compete on the global
market by providing them with the means todiversify their products and enter new markets
Alphasat is the biggest European telecomsatellite ever built based on Alphabusthe next generation of large platforms forhigh-power telecom satellites SmallGEO isa flexible geostationary satellite platformfor smaller spacecraft The lsquoNext Generationrsquogeostationary platform Neosat is ESArsquosoffering to the mid-range market whichmakes up the bulk of satellite ordersQuantum is a pioneering mission thatwill influence how telecom satellites areprocured and manufactured in Europe byvalidating a new generic payload design
Most of ESArsquos support to satcom technologyis in publicndashprivate partnerships withcompanies from all over Europe Thesepartnerships stimulate breakthroughsby sharing the risk between ESA and
industry making it easier to take onpotentially game-changing projectsOne is the European Data Relay System(EDRS) an independent European networkfor transmission of large quantities ofsatellite data Another Electra will developa communications satellite with fullelectric-propulsion Atlas is an extensionof an ARTES element that supports firstflight opportunities for experiments oncommercial telecoms satellites
SATCOM FOR SEA AND SKYhellip
Iris is an air-to-ground communicationssystem for safer and more precise air trafficmanagement The maritime sector is set tobenefit from SAT-AIS which uses satellitesto extend the reach of identificationmessages from ship to shore
hellipAND EVERYWHERE ELSE
ESArsquos ARTES programme includesthe development of applications thatprovide solutions to the needs andchallenges faced by society in areas suchas health agriculture security energy andmore ndash all making use of multiple spaceassets to improve our daily lives
OTS-2
Marecs-A
ECS-1
ECS-2
Marecs-B2
ECS-4
ECS-5
Name Launch Mission
1978
1981
1983
1984
1984
1987
1988
Telecoms technology demonstration
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Olympus
Artemis
Hylas-1
Alphasat
SmallGEO
EDRS-A
EDRS-C
Neosat
Electra
1989
2001
2010
2013
20156
2015
2016
2018
2019
Telecoms technology demonstration
Telecoms technology demonstration
Broadband services in public‒privatepartnership
Next-generation telecoms satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Data relay satellite
Data relay satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Telecoms with electric propulsion
7
Global communications underpin modern society and represent an
important commercial sector Satellites are a fundamental part of global
telecommunications networks providing all kind of services efficiently and
seamlessly over almost every region of our planet
rarr TELECOMMUNICATIONS MISSIONS
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technology
rarr SPACE TO INNOVATE
What accounts for the continued commercial success of European space The answer
is innovation The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development notes a
third of all new space patents are filed in Europe second only to the United States
Europersquos space industry stays smarter thanits international competitors thanks to asteady stream of technology developmentcoordinated by ESArsquos Technology programmes
Technology lies at the foundation ofeverything ESA does ESArsquos technology researchand development programmes are run ona 5ndash10 year time span from investigatingpromising new ideas to finalising hardware foractual spaceflight ndash and commercial markets
Cross-cutting initiatives address directly the keytechnological challenges of this new centurysustainability of space activities on Earth andin orbit key advances in scientific instrumentsspace technologies that can help address the
Proba-3 is ESArsquos first close formation-flying mission A pair of satellites will fly together on a
coordinated basis evaluating techniques for flying in tandem
larr A running PPS 1350 Hall effect thruster as used on Alphasat
darr ESArsquos world-class laboratories use an unrivalled combination of expert knowledge and specialised
equipment (ESAG Schoonewille)
energy challenges on Earth and the buildingblocks for human and robotic exploration
BRINGING SPACE DOWN TO EARTH
ESArsquos Technology programmes also prioritisethe transfer of high-performance technologiesto terrestrial markets fostering new businessesand boosting wider European competitiveness
The transfer of these space technologies toour daily lives brings real benefits in manyways Space technologies are already beingused to improve the well-being of ordinarycitizens through for example healthcareproducts improved waste management andwater recovery
rarr TECHNOLOGY MISSION
Proba-1
Proba-2
Proba-V
Proba-3
Name Launch Mission
2001
2009
2013
2018
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Technology demonstratorscience
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Formation flyingsolar science
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launchers
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE
Self-sufficiency in sending satellites into orbit is vital for Europersquos independence in
space Since the beginning of the Ariane programme in 1973 a highly successful
series of launchers has been developed from Ariane 1 through to Ariane 5
The Ariane 5 heavy-lift launcher ensures thatEurope maintains its competitive edge in theglobal launcher market The current Ariane 5ECA can deliver almost 10 tonnes into thegeostationary transfer orbits needed for
many satellites
Smaller launchers are still needed to meetthe market for smaller satellites addinggreater flexibility to the range of Europeanlaunch capabilities ESA has developed Vegacapable of lifting up to 15 tonnes into lowEarth orbit and Russiarsquos medium-lift Soyuzvehicles are being launched from EuropersquosSpaceport at Kourou French Guiana
Today European launch services are themost reliable in the world But economicallyspeaking they operate in a commercial market
where competitors are heavily supportedby a guaranteed governmental market Tomeet this challenge of competitiveness ESAis developing the new Ariane 6 for a maidenflight in 2020 Ariane 6 will be a modular three-stage launcher with two configurations usingboosters in common with the Vega vehicle
For the future ESA is reviewing newtechnologies and propulsion systems withexperts from Europersquos research centres andaerospace industry to make access to spacesimpler and cheaper
EUROPErsquoS SPACEPORT
Situated between a rain forest and theAtlantic coast of South America Kourouin French Guiana has become a familiarvenue to space engineers and theircustomers from around the world It isthe home of the Guiana Space Centre ndashEuropersquos Spaceport
The high levels of efficiency safety andreliability at Europersquos Spaceport are wellknown In addition to its many European
clients the spaceport also undertakeslaunches for customers in the USA JapanCanada India and Brazil
When you launch a satellite any extraspeed gained from Earthrsquos rotation iswelcome This boost is strongest near theEquator so Kourou is the best placed of allthe worldrsquos major spaceports Spent rockets
fall safely into the open ocean and thesame is true for launchers sent northwardswhen different kinds of orbits are required
Developed by France in the late 1960sthe launch site is now used by ESA for itsAriane Vega and Soyuz rockets
rarr Launch of Ariane 5 ECA at Europersquos Spaceport
in French Guiana (ESACNESArianespace -
Optique Videacuteo du CSG)
rarr Europersquos growing launcher family
Vega Soyuz at CSG and Ariane 5 will soon
be joined by Ariane 6
9
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human spaceflight amp operations
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE
European astronauts have been taking part in human spaceflight missions for
over three decades either flying on the US Space Shuttle or Russian Soyuz
spacecraft first to the Mir space station and then to the International Space
Station (ISS) gaining a wealth of experience
The first ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold flewinto space in 1983 In 1998 the EuropeanAstronaut Centre was established inGermany to prepare European astronauts for
missions to the ISS Many have already flownto the ISS playing a vital role in the assemblyand operation of key elements of the station
Today new astronauts have been selectedand are taking part in missions to the ISSand eventually future human spaceflightmissions beyond
EUROPE AND THE INTERNATIONALSPACE STATION
The ISS is easily visible to the naked eye as itflies 400 km overhead It is a masterpiece of
global cooperation uniting the USA RussiaJapan Canada and Europe in the largestpartnership in the history of science
Europersquos involvement in this partnershipthrough ESA continues to be a story ofmajor technical and scientific achievementIt has been a huge stimulus for Europeanindustry which has taken great stridesin the development and manufacture ofcutting-edge space systems and hardware
Europersquos key contribution is the multi-purpose science laboratory ColumbusHere scientists can send experiments to becarried out in weightless conditions Withthe ISS completed utilisation of this uniquefacility and the exploitation of the unrivalledopportunities it offers are well under way
ESA also provided the Automated TransferVehicle (ATV) ndash a series of unmanned ferriesthat dock and undock automatically eachcarrying a cargo of food propellant andother supplies The ATVs also helped the ISSmaintain its attitude and remove waste forincineration in the atmosphere
Following the success of ATV and to offsetobligations towards ISS partners ESA isdeveloping the ATV-derived EuropeanService Module for the NASA Multi-Purpose
Crew Vehicle Orion
EXPLORING THE NEW FRONTIER
Space exploration is a great geopoliticalopportunity and those nations thatparticipate and contribute to a significantlevel in space exploration will shapethe current international principlesregulating the use of outer space ESAwill ensure that Europe plays a key rolein this future international explorationof space Through the exploitation ofthe ISS experience in human spaceflight
operations will be significantly increasedbut Europe has also been involved ininternational planning for explorationbeyond Earth orbit
These exploration plans focus on roboticmissions that will prepare the way subject toaffordability for human settlements on theMoon and the robotic exploration of MarsA long-term goal after 2030 could also bethe first human mission to Mars A seriesof manned and unmanned missions willtest and develop the technologies andknowledge that will get humans safely toMars and back These will require advancesin many areas such as guidance systemsrobotics radiation-hardening propulsionand life-support systems
WHERE MISSIONS COME ALIVE
Along with the European contribution to theISS including ATV production its scientificand technical utilisation and other humanspaceflight activities ESA also manages theflight operations of all it missions and theircorresponding ground segment elements
The International Space Station (NASAESA)
Studying space weather is a key element of Space Situational Awareness
larr ESOCs Main Control Room Darmstadt
0
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The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)in Darmstadt Germany serves as the maincontrol centre for ESA missions and hoststhe Estrack Control Centre ndash which managesthe ESA tracking station network EstrackThis worldwide system of ground stationsprovides links between satellites in orbit and
ESOC with 10 stations in seven countries Theessential task of all ESA tracking stations isto communicate with our missions uplinkcommands and downlink scientific data andspacecraft status information
Based on experience since 1967 in controllingover 60 missions and the capability tomanage multiple spacecraft at once wealso provide our mission control expertise tooutside agencies and customers In additionto operating missions ESA provides world-class services to a variety of internal andexternal clients for space debris tracking and
collision alerts geodata analysis softwaredevelopment and navigation
SPACE FOR SECURITY
The Space Situational Awareness (SSA)initiative aims to provide Europe withservices to protect satellites and Earth Theinitiative supports Europersquos independentutilisation of space through provision oftimely and accurate information about thespace environment SSA will strengthenreliability availability and security ofEuropersquos space-based services It will be
coordinated with international partners andthe institutions of the European Union
European industry will benefit from newcontracts and world-class competitivecapabilities gained through development ofthe SSA infrastructure and services
darr ESA astronaut Hans Schlegel makes a spacewalk during the installation of the European Columbus laboratory on the ISS (NASA)
rarr EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
Vladimir Remek (CZ)Soyuz 28 1978
Miroslaw Hermaszewski (PL)Soyuz 30 1978
Siegmund Jaumlhn (DE)
Soyuz 31 1978
Georgi Ivanov (BG)Soyuz 33 1979
Bertalan Farkas (HU)Soyuz 36 1980
Dimitru Prunariu (RO)Soyuz 40 1981
Jean-Loup Chreacutetien (FR)Soyuz T-6 1982Soyuz TM-7 1988STS-86 1997
Ulf Merbold (DE)STS-9 1983
STS-42 1992Euromir 94Soyuz TM-20 1994
Patrick Baudry (FR)STS-51G 1985
Reinhard Furrer (DE)STS-61A 1985
Ernst Messerschmid (DE)STS-61A 1985
Wubbo Ockels (NL)STS-61A 1985
Alexander Alexandrov (BG)Soyuz TM-5 1988
Helen Sharman (GB)
Soyuz TM-12 1991
Franz Viehboumlck (AT)Soyuz TM-13 1991
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (DE)Soyuz TM-14 1992
Dirk Frimout (BE)STS-45 1992
Michel Tognini (FR) AntaregravesSoyuz TM-15 1992STS-93 1999
Franco Malerba (IT)STS-46 1992
Claude Nicollier (CH)STS-46 1992STS-61 1993STS-75 1996STS-103 1999
Hans Schlegel (DE)STS-55 1993STS-122 2008
Ulrich Walter (DE)STS-55 1993
Jean-Pierre Haignereacute (FR) AltairSoyuz TM-17 1993PerseusSoyuz TM-29 1999
Jean-Franccedilois Clervoy (FR)
STS-66 1994STS-84 1997STS-103 1999
Thomas Reiter (DE)Euromir 95Soyuz TM-22 19956 AstrolabSTS-121 2006
Maurizio Cheli (IT)STS-75 1996
Umberto Guidoni (IT)STS-75 1996STS-100 2001
Jean-Jaques Favier (FR)STS-78 1996
Claudie Haignereacute (FR)
CassiopeacuteeSoyuz TM-24 1996 AndromegravedeSoyuz TM-33 2001
Reinhold Ewald (DE)Soyuz TM-25 1997
Leacuteopold Eyharts (FR)PeacutegaseSoyuz TM-27 1998STS-122 2008
Pedro Duque (ES)STS-95 1998CervantesSoyuz TMA-3 2003
Ivan Bella (SL) Soyuz TM-29 1999
Gerhard Thiele (DE)STS-99 2000
Roberto Vittori (IT)Marco PoloSoyuz TM-34 2002EneideSoyuz TMA-6 2005DAMASTS-134 2011
Philippe Perrin (FR)STS-111 2002
Frank De Winne (BE)OdisseaSoyuz TMA-1 2002OasISSSoyuz TMA-15 2009
Andreacute Kuipers (NL)DeltaSoyuz TMA-4 2004
PromISSeSoyuz TMA-03M 2011
Christer Fuglesang (SE)CelsiusSTS-116 2006 AlisseacuteSTS-128 2009
Paolo Nespoli (IT)STS-120 2007MagISStraSoyuz TMA-20 2010
Luca Parmitano (IT)VolareSoyuz TMA-09M 2013
Alexander Gerst (DE)Blue DotSoyuz TMA-13M 2014
Samantha Cristoforetti (IT)FuturaSoyuz TMA-15M 2014
Andreas Mogensen (DK)
IrissSoyuz TMA-18M 2015
Timothy Peake (GB)PrincipiaSoyuz TMA-19M 2015
11
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Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
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ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
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An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
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earth observation
rarr SPACE FOR EARTH
What is happening to our planet Satellites are unique in their ability to constantly
monitor the entire Earth they can provide crucial information about our ever-changing
planet From space we monitor many natural and man-made events from floods and
forest fires to changes in ice cover rising sea levels and oil slicks
ESArsquos Earth observation satelliteshave given Europe a leading role inunderstanding the global environmentincreasing our knowledge about Earthrsquos
weather and climate change Since the1970s the Meteosat series of weathersatellites has provided a wealth of datafor the meteorology community Envisatand the ERS remote-sensing satellites haveallowed scientists to build datasets onenvironmental phenomena and climatechange for 20 years
The Earth Explorer satellites are givingscientists the chance of using breakthroughtechnologies to address specific issuesand learn more about interaction betweenthe atmosphere biosphere hydrosphere
cryosphere and the interior and about theimpact that human activity is having onEarthrsquos natural processes
The EarthWatch missions ensure continuityof datasets and provide operational servicesDeveloped with Eumetsat the first twoMeteosat Second Generation satellitesand MetOp-A Europersquos first polar-orbitingmeteorological satellite are operational
ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY
Space-based observation of Earth is anessential source of information for decision-makers in responding to challenges such asglobal environmental change and security
Information must be of practical use arrivingquickly and economically and be accessibleto those using it Copernicus previouslyknown as GMES is a joint initiativebetween the EU and ESA will consolidateEuropersquos capacity to collect and manage
environmental and civil security data andinformation for its citizens
The success of Copernicus is being achieved
largely through ESArsquos well-engineeredSpace Component to provide essentialsatellite data according to European policypriorities This includes the developmentof a series of Sentinel satellites and theintegration of national and Europeanmissions to guarantee continuity of dataand services
CLIMATE CHANGE
Over the last decades satellites observingEarth have been providing an ever-clearerpicture of the health of our planet and the
signs of climate change
ESArsquos Climate Change Initiative exploitsarchive satellite records going backthree decades combined with data fromnew missions to produce informationon a wide range of variables such asgreenhouse-gas concentrations sea-iceextent and thickness and sea-surfacetemperature and salinity
This strategy of generating datasets ofEssential Climate Variables provides Europewith a powerful tool to monitor the state ofthe climate system and to help predict theeffects that a changing climate may bring
WATCHING THE WEATHER
What will tomorrowrsquos weather bringRegular accurate weather forecasts arecrucial to many activities aviation shippingagriculture fishing construction and evensport and leisure
Satellite measurements showing nitrogen dioxide as a pollutant produced by burning fossil fuels
Earths gravity revealed in unprecedented detail by GOCE
larr Hurricane Sandy approaching North America in October 2012 as seen by Europes MetOp-A
(Eumetsat)
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rarr From space we monitor many natural and
man-made events from floods and forest fires
to changes in ice cover and rising sea levels
rarr EARTH OBSERVATION MISSIONS
Meteosat-1
Meteosat-2
Meteosat-3
Meteosat-4
Meteosat-5
ERS-1
Meteosat-6
ERS-2
Meteosat-7
Proba-1
Envisat
Meteosat-8
MSG-2
MetOp-A
GOCE
SMOS
Name Launch Mission
1977
1981
1988
1989
1991
1991
1993
1995
1997
2001
2002
2002
2005
2006
2009
2009
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Operational meteorology
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
TechnologyEarth observation
Earth observation
Formerly MSG-1 operationalmeteorology
Operational meteorology
Meteorological services
Gravity field and geoid
Soil moisture and ocean salinity
CryoSat-2
MSG-3
MetOp-B
Sentinel-1
Swarm
Sentinel-2
Sentinel-3
MSG-4
Aeolus
Sentinel-5 Precursor
Sentinel-4
EarthCARE
MetOp-C
MTG-I-1
MTG-S-1
Sentinel-5
Biomass
Earth Explorer 8
2010
2012
2012
2013
2013
2014
2014
2015
2016
2016
2017
2018
2018
2018
2020
2020
2020
Ice sheets and marine ice cover
Operational meteorology
Polar meteorology
Operational radar imaging
Magnetic field studies
Land monitoring
Marine monitoring
Operational meteorology
Atmospheric dynamics
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Radiation and cloud interaction
Polar meteorological services
Meteosat Third Generation
Meteosat Third Generation
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Studying the worldrsquos tropical forests
Meteorological satellites provide data onweather systems by using instrumentsto monitor clouds and winds measuretemperatures and pressure and manyother surface conditions on land sea andin the air
As a result of the cooperation betweenESA and Eumetsat Europe has a fleet ofmeteorological satellites to provide betterknowledge about our planetrsquos weather andclimate The Meteosat series monitor Earthfrom geostationary orbit while MetOp is thefirst European meteorological satellite inpolar orbit
Work has started on developing the nextgeneration of meteorological satellitesMeteosat Third Generation
5
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galileo amp navigation-related activities
rarr SPACE TO LOCATE
After mobile phones and the internet satellite navigation is the latest high-tech
addition to our everyday lives Spacecraft orbiting Earth can tell you exactly where
you are 24 hours a day
rarr GALILEO NAVIGATION
Car and truck drivers farmers yachtsmenand hikers have all discovered the benefitsof satellite navigation Air traffic controlshipping rescue operations crisismanagement and law enforcement services
have all been revolutionised by moreaccurate and reliable positioning systems
Determined to provide Europe with its ownindependent global civil satellite navigationsystem the European Commission and ESAhave devised a two-step approach
The already operational EGNOS whichaugments GPS is used in numerous Europeanairports for safer approaches and landings
The worldwide Galileo system started withtwo demonstration missions GIOVE-A and B
It made its first positioning in March 2013during its In-Orbit Validation phase provingthe concept These four satellites were joinedby Satellites 5 and 6 in August 2014 and then7 and 8 in March 2015 The constellation
build-up will now progress at a steady rateleading to its completion of 30 satellites andits associated ground segment
The range of potential applications forGalileo is extremely wide Looking beyondthe transport sector where it will increasesafety efficiency and comfort its advancedtechnological features and its commerciallyoriented services will make it a valuable toolfor many more economic sectors
Initial services including Open ServiceSearch And Rescue and Public Regulated
Service are planned for 2016 Interoperablewith GPS Galileo signals will be treatedby receivers in a fully transparent wayMultiplying the satellites in space willimprove reliability and accuracy on Earth
The first two Galileo satellites were launched
from Europes Spaceport in 2011
larr Satellites in the Galileo constellation
GIOVE-A
GIOVE-B
IOV x2
IOV x2
Galileo 56
Galileo 78
Name Launch Mission
2005
2008
2011
2012
2014
2015
Demonstration mission
Demonstration mission
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
Full Operational Capability satellites
Full Operational Capability satellites
larr Satellite positioning has already become the standard way of navigating
now essential for the efficient running of transport systems and also human
safety (Zetapress)
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 916
telecommunications amp integrated applications
rarr SPACE TO COMMUNICATE
uarr Integrated applications combining
the use of different types of satellites
such as telecommunications Earth observation
and navigation
ESArsquos Advanced Research inTelecommunications Systems (ARTES)programmes transform research anddevelopment investment into successfulcommercial products and are central to
European and Canadian industries remainingworld-class competitors These programmesenable companies of participating states toincrease competitiveness access new marketsencourage growth and foster innovation
EXPANDING AT EVERY LEVEL
Europe currently takes home 35 of globalcommercial satellite orders and the sector isgrowing steadily Global revenue has nearlytripled in the past decade ESA supports thedeployment of new satellites and programmesthat help companies compete on the global
market by providing them with the means todiversify their products and enter new markets
Alphasat is the biggest European telecomsatellite ever built based on Alphabusthe next generation of large platforms forhigh-power telecom satellites SmallGEO isa flexible geostationary satellite platformfor smaller spacecraft The lsquoNext Generationrsquogeostationary platform Neosat is ESArsquosoffering to the mid-range market whichmakes up the bulk of satellite ordersQuantum is a pioneering mission thatwill influence how telecom satellites areprocured and manufactured in Europe byvalidating a new generic payload design
Most of ESArsquos support to satcom technologyis in publicndashprivate partnerships withcompanies from all over Europe Thesepartnerships stimulate breakthroughsby sharing the risk between ESA and
industry making it easier to take onpotentially game-changing projectsOne is the European Data Relay System(EDRS) an independent European networkfor transmission of large quantities ofsatellite data Another Electra will developa communications satellite with fullelectric-propulsion Atlas is an extensionof an ARTES element that supports firstflight opportunities for experiments oncommercial telecoms satellites
SATCOM FOR SEA AND SKYhellip
Iris is an air-to-ground communicationssystem for safer and more precise air trafficmanagement The maritime sector is set tobenefit from SAT-AIS which uses satellitesto extend the reach of identificationmessages from ship to shore
hellipAND EVERYWHERE ELSE
ESArsquos ARTES programme includesthe development of applications thatprovide solutions to the needs andchallenges faced by society in areas suchas health agriculture security energy andmore ndash all making use of multiple spaceassets to improve our daily lives
OTS-2
Marecs-A
ECS-1
ECS-2
Marecs-B2
ECS-4
ECS-5
Name Launch Mission
1978
1981
1983
1984
1984
1987
1988
Telecoms technology demonstration
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Olympus
Artemis
Hylas-1
Alphasat
SmallGEO
EDRS-A
EDRS-C
Neosat
Electra
1989
2001
2010
2013
20156
2015
2016
2018
2019
Telecoms technology demonstration
Telecoms technology demonstration
Broadband services in public‒privatepartnership
Next-generation telecoms satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Data relay satellite
Data relay satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Telecoms with electric propulsion
7
Global communications underpin modern society and represent an
important commercial sector Satellites are a fundamental part of global
telecommunications networks providing all kind of services efficiently and
seamlessly over almost every region of our planet
rarr TELECOMMUNICATIONS MISSIONS
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1016
technology
rarr SPACE TO INNOVATE
What accounts for the continued commercial success of European space The answer
is innovation The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development notes a
third of all new space patents are filed in Europe second only to the United States
Europersquos space industry stays smarter thanits international competitors thanks to asteady stream of technology developmentcoordinated by ESArsquos Technology programmes
Technology lies at the foundation ofeverything ESA does ESArsquos technology researchand development programmes are run ona 5ndash10 year time span from investigatingpromising new ideas to finalising hardware foractual spaceflight ndash and commercial markets
Cross-cutting initiatives address directly the keytechnological challenges of this new centurysustainability of space activities on Earth andin orbit key advances in scientific instrumentsspace technologies that can help address the
Proba-3 is ESArsquos first close formation-flying mission A pair of satellites will fly together on a
coordinated basis evaluating techniques for flying in tandem
larr A running PPS 1350 Hall effect thruster as used on Alphasat
darr ESArsquos world-class laboratories use an unrivalled combination of expert knowledge and specialised
equipment (ESAG Schoonewille)
energy challenges on Earth and the buildingblocks for human and robotic exploration
BRINGING SPACE DOWN TO EARTH
ESArsquos Technology programmes also prioritisethe transfer of high-performance technologiesto terrestrial markets fostering new businessesand boosting wider European competitiveness
The transfer of these space technologies toour daily lives brings real benefits in manyways Space technologies are already beingused to improve the well-being of ordinarycitizens through for example healthcareproducts improved waste management andwater recovery
rarr TECHNOLOGY MISSION
Proba-1
Proba-2
Proba-V
Proba-3
Name Launch Mission
2001
2009
2013
2018
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Technology demonstratorscience
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Formation flyingsolar science
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1116
launchers
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE
Self-sufficiency in sending satellites into orbit is vital for Europersquos independence in
space Since the beginning of the Ariane programme in 1973 a highly successful
series of launchers has been developed from Ariane 1 through to Ariane 5
The Ariane 5 heavy-lift launcher ensures thatEurope maintains its competitive edge in theglobal launcher market The current Ariane 5ECA can deliver almost 10 tonnes into thegeostationary transfer orbits needed for
many satellites
Smaller launchers are still needed to meetthe market for smaller satellites addinggreater flexibility to the range of Europeanlaunch capabilities ESA has developed Vegacapable of lifting up to 15 tonnes into lowEarth orbit and Russiarsquos medium-lift Soyuzvehicles are being launched from EuropersquosSpaceport at Kourou French Guiana
Today European launch services are themost reliable in the world But economicallyspeaking they operate in a commercial market
where competitors are heavily supportedby a guaranteed governmental market Tomeet this challenge of competitiveness ESAis developing the new Ariane 6 for a maidenflight in 2020 Ariane 6 will be a modular three-stage launcher with two configurations usingboosters in common with the Vega vehicle
For the future ESA is reviewing newtechnologies and propulsion systems withexperts from Europersquos research centres andaerospace industry to make access to spacesimpler and cheaper
EUROPErsquoS SPACEPORT
Situated between a rain forest and theAtlantic coast of South America Kourouin French Guiana has become a familiarvenue to space engineers and theircustomers from around the world It isthe home of the Guiana Space Centre ndashEuropersquos Spaceport
The high levels of efficiency safety andreliability at Europersquos Spaceport are wellknown In addition to its many European
clients the spaceport also undertakeslaunches for customers in the USA JapanCanada India and Brazil
When you launch a satellite any extraspeed gained from Earthrsquos rotation iswelcome This boost is strongest near theEquator so Kourou is the best placed of allthe worldrsquos major spaceports Spent rockets
fall safely into the open ocean and thesame is true for launchers sent northwardswhen different kinds of orbits are required
Developed by France in the late 1960sthe launch site is now used by ESA for itsAriane Vega and Soyuz rockets
rarr Launch of Ariane 5 ECA at Europersquos Spaceport
in French Guiana (ESACNESArianespace -
Optique Videacuteo du CSG)
rarr Europersquos growing launcher family
Vega Soyuz at CSG and Ariane 5 will soon
be joined by Ariane 6
9
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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1216
human spaceflight amp operations
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE
European astronauts have been taking part in human spaceflight missions for
over three decades either flying on the US Space Shuttle or Russian Soyuz
spacecraft first to the Mir space station and then to the International Space
Station (ISS) gaining a wealth of experience
The first ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold flewinto space in 1983 In 1998 the EuropeanAstronaut Centre was established inGermany to prepare European astronauts for
missions to the ISS Many have already flownto the ISS playing a vital role in the assemblyand operation of key elements of the station
Today new astronauts have been selectedand are taking part in missions to the ISSand eventually future human spaceflightmissions beyond
EUROPE AND THE INTERNATIONALSPACE STATION
The ISS is easily visible to the naked eye as itflies 400 km overhead It is a masterpiece of
global cooperation uniting the USA RussiaJapan Canada and Europe in the largestpartnership in the history of science
Europersquos involvement in this partnershipthrough ESA continues to be a story ofmajor technical and scientific achievementIt has been a huge stimulus for Europeanindustry which has taken great stridesin the development and manufacture ofcutting-edge space systems and hardware
Europersquos key contribution is the multi-purpose science laboratory ColumbusHere scientists can send experiments to becarried out in weightless conditions Withthe ISS completed utilisation of this uniquefacility and the exploitation of the unrivalledopportunities it offers are well under way
ESA also provided the Automated TransferVehicle (ATV) ndash a series of unmanned ferriesthat dock and undock automatically eachcarrying a cargo of food propellant andother supplies The ATVs also helped the ISSmaintain its attitude and remove waste forincineration in the atmosphere
Following the success of ATV and to offsetobligations towards ISS partners ESA isdeveloping the ATV-derived EuropeanService Module for the NASA Multi-Purpose
Crew Vehicle Orion
EXPLORING THE NEW FRONTIER
Space exploration is a great geopoliticalopportunity and those nations thatparticipate and contribute to a significantlevel in space exploration will shapethe current international principlesregulating the use of outer space ESAwill ensure that Europe plays a key rolein this future international explorationof space Through the exploitation ofthe ISS experience in human spaceflight
operations will be significantly increasedbut Europe has also been involved ininternational planning for explorationbeyond Earth orbit
These exploration plans focus on roboticmissions that will prepare the way subject toaffordability for human settlements on theMoon and the robotic exploration of MarsA long-term goal after 2030 could also bethe first human mission to Mars A seriesof manned and unmanned missions willtest and develop the technologies andknowledge that will get humans safely toMars and back These will require advancesin many areas such as guidance systemsrobotics radiation-hardening propulsionand life-support systems
WHERE MISSIONS COME ALIVE
Along with the European contribution to theISS including ATV production its scientificand technical utilisation and other humanspaceflight activities ESA also manages theflight operations of all it missions and theircorresponding ground segment elements
The International Space Station (NASAESA)
Studying space weather is a key element of Space Situational Awareness
larr ESOCs Main Control Room Darmstadt
0
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The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)in Darmstadt Germany serves as the maincontrol centre for ESA missions and hoststhe Estrack Control Centre ndash which managesthe ESA tracking station network EstrackThis worldwide system of ground stationsprovides links between satellites in orbit and
ESOC with 10 stations in seven countries Theessential task of all ESA tracking stations isto communicate with our missions uplinkcommands and downlink scientific data andspacecraft status information
Based on experience since 1967 in controllingover 60 missions and the capability tomanage multiple spacecraft at once wealso provide our mission control expertise tooutside agencies and customers In additionto operating missions ESA provides world-class services to a variety of internal andexternal clients for space debris tracking and
collision alerts geodata analysis softwaredevelopment and navigation
SPACE FOR SECURITY
The Space Situational Awareness (SSA)initiative aims to provide Europe withservices to protect satellites and Earth Theinitiative supports Europersquos independentutilisation of space through provision oftimely and accurate information about thespace environment SSA will strengthenreliability availability and security ofEuropersquos space-based services It will be
coordinated with international partners andthe institutions of the European Union
European industry will benefit from newcontracts and world-class competitivecapabilities gained through development ofthe SSA infrastructure and services
darr ESA astronaut Hans Schlegel makes a spacewalk during the installation of the European Columbus laboratory on the ISS (NASA)
rarr EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
Vladimir Remek (CZ)Soyuz 28 1978
Miroslaw Hermaszewski (PL)Soyuz 30 1978
Siegmund Jaumlhn (DE)
Soyuz 31 1978
Georgi Ivanov (BG)Soyuz 33 1979
Bertalan Farkas (HU)Soyuz 36 1980
Dimitru Prunariu (RO)Soyuz 40 1981
Jean-Loup Chreacutetien (FR)Soyuz T-6 1982Soyuz TM-7 1988STS-86 1997
Ulf Merbold (DE)STS-9 1983
STS-42 1992Euromir 94Soyuz TM-20 1994
Patrick Baudry (FR)STS-51G 1985
Reinhard Furrer (DE)STS-61A 1985
Ernst Messerschmid (DE)STS-61A 1985
Wubbo Ockels (NL)STS-61A 1985
Alexander Alexandrov (BG)Soyuz TM-5 1988
Helen Sharman (GB)
Soyuz TM-12 1991
Franz Viehboumlck (AT)Soyuz TM-13 1991
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (DE)Soyuz TM-14 1992
Dirk Frimout (BE)STS-45 1992
Michel Tognini (FR) AntaregravesSoyuz TM-15 1992STS-93 1999
Franco Malerba (IT)STS-46 1992
Claude Nicollier (CH)STS-46 1992STS-61 1993STS-75 1996STS-103 1999
Hans Schlegel (DE)STS-55 1993STS-122 2008
Ulrich Walter (DE)STS-55 1993
Jean-Pierre Haignereacute (FR) AltairSoyuz TM-17 1993PerseusSoyuz TM-29 1999
Jean-Franccedilois Clervoy (FR)
STS-66 1994STS-84 1997STS-103 1999
Thomas Reiter (DE)Euromir 95Soyuz TM-22 19956 AstrolabSTS-121 2006
Maurizio Cheli (IT)STS-75 1996
Umberto Guidoni (IT)STS-75 1996STS-100 2001
Jean-Jaques Favier (FR)STS-78 1996
Claudie Haignereacute (FR)
CassiopeacuteeSoyuz TM-24 1996 AndromegravedeSoyuz TM-33 2001
Reinhold Ewald (DE)Soyuz TM-25 1997
Leacuteopold Eyharts (FR)PeacutegaseSoyuz TM-27 1998STS-122 2008
Pedro Duque (ES)STS-95 1998CervantesSoyuz TMA-3 2003
Ivan Bella (SL) Soyuz TM-29 1999
Gerhard Thiele (DE)STS-99 2000
Roberto Vittori (IT)Marco PoloSoyuz TM-34 2002EneideSoyuz TMA-6 2005DAMASTS-134 2011
Philippe Perrin (FR)STS-111 2002
Frank De Winne (BE)OdisseaSoyuz TMA-1 2002OasISSSoyuz TMA-15 2009
Andreacute Kuipers (NL)DeltaSoyuz TMA-4 2004
PromISSeSoyuz TMA-03M 2011
Christer Fuglesang (SE)CelsiusSTS-116 2006 AlisseacuteSTS-128 2009
Paolo Nespoli (IT)STS-120 2007MagISStraSoyuz TMA-20 2010
Luca Parmitano (IT)VolareSoyuz TMA-09M 2013
Alexander Gerst (DE)Blue DotSoyuz TMA-13M 2014
Samantha Cristoforetti (IT)FuturaSoyuz TMA-15M 2014
Andreas Mogensen (DK)
IrissSoyuz TMA-18M 2015
Timothy Peake (GB)PrincipiaSoyuz TMA-19M 2015
11
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Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1516
ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1616
An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 716
rarr From space we monitor many natural and
man-made events from floods and forest fires
to changes in ice cover and rising sea levels
rarr EARTH OBSERVATION MISSIONS
Meteosat-1
Meteosat-2
Meteosat-3
Meteosat-4
Meteosat-5
ERS-1
Meteosat-6
ERS-2
Meteosat-7
Proba-1
Envisat
Meteosat-8
MSG-2
MetOp-A
GOCE
SMOS
Name Launch Mission
1977
1981
1988
1989
1991
1991
1993
1995
1997
2001
2002
2002
2005
2006
2009
2009
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Pre-operational meteorological services
Operational meteorology
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
Pre-operational Earth observation radar
Operational meteorology
TechnologyEarth observation
Earth observation
Formerly MSG-1 operationalmeteorology
Operational meteorology
Meteorological services
Gravity field and geoid
Soil moisture and ocean salinity
CryoSat-2
MSG-3
MetOp-B
Sentinel-1
Swarm
Sentinel-2
Sentinel-3
MSG-4
Aeolus
Sentinel-5 Precursor
Sentinel-4
EarthCARE
MetOp-C
MTG-I-1
MTG-S-1
Sentinel-5
Biomass
Earth Explorer 8
2010
2012
2012
2013
2013
2014
2014
2015
2016
2016
2017
2018
2018
2018
2020
2020
2020
Ice sheets and marine ice cover
Operational meteorology
Polar meteorology
Operational radar imaging
Magnetic field studies
Land monitoring
Marine monitoring
Operational meteorology
Atmospheric dynamics
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Radiation and cloud interaction
Polar meteorological services
Meteosat Third Generation
Meteosat Third Generation
Payload for atmospheric monitoring
Studying the worldrsquos tropical forests
Meteorological satellites provide data onweather systems by using instrumentsto monitor clouds and winds measuretemperatures and pressure and manyother surface conditions on land sea andin the air
As a result of the cooperation betweenESA and Eumetsat Europe has a fleet ofmeteorological satellites to provide betterknowledge about our planetrsquos weather andclimate The Meteosat series monitor Earthfrom geostationary orbit while MetOp is thefirst European meteorological satellite inpolar orbit
Work has started on developing the nextgeneration of meteorological satellitesMeteosat Third Generation
5
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
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galileo amp navigation-related activities
rarr SPACE TO LOCATE
After mobile phones and the internet satellite navigation is the latest high-tech
addition to our everyday lives Spacecraft orbiting Earth can tell you exactly where
you are 24 hours a day
rarr GALILEO NAVIGATION
Car and truck drivers farmers yachtsmenand hikers have all discovered the benefitsof satellite navigation Air traffic controlshipping rescue operations crisismanagement and law enforcement services
have all been revolutionised by moreaccurate and reliable positioning systems
Determined to provide Europe with its ownindependent global civil satellite navigationsystem the European Commission and ESAhave devised a two-step approach
The already operational EGNOS whichaugments GPS is used in numerous Europeanairports for safer approaches and landings
The worldwide Galileo system started withtwo demonstration missions GIOVE-A and B
It made its first positioning in March 2013during its In-Orbit Validation phase provingthe concept These four satellites were joinedby Satellites 5 and 6 in August 2014 and then7 and 8 in March 2015 The constellation
build-up will now progress at a steady rateleading to its completion of 30 satellites andits associated ground segment
The range of potential applications forGalileo is extremely wide Looking beyondthe transport sector where it will increasesafety efficiency and comfort its advancedtechnological features and its commerciallyoriented services will make it a valuable toolfor many more economic sectors
Initial services including Open ServiceSearch And Rescue and Public Regulated
Service are planned for 2016 Interoperablewith GPS Galileo signals will be treatedby receivers in a fully transparent wayMultiplying the satellites in space willimprove reliability and accuracy on Earth
The first two Galileo satellites were launched
from Europes Spaceport in 2011
larr Satellites in the Galileo constellation
GIOVE-A
GIOVE-B
IOV x2
IOV x2
Galileo 56
Galileo 78
Name Launch Mission
2005
2008
2011
2012
2014
2015
Demonstration mission
Demonstration mission
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
Full Operational Capability satellites
Full Operational Capability satellites
larr Satellite positioning has already become the standard way of navigating
now essential for the efficient running of transport systems and also human
safety (Zetapress)
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 916
telecommunications amp integrated applications
rarr SPACE TO COMMUNICATE
uarr Integrated applications combining
the use of different types of satellites
such as telecommunications Earth observation
and navigation
ESArsquos Advanced Research inTelecommunications Systems (ARTES)programmes transform research anddevelopment investment into successfulcommercial products and are central to
European and Canadian industries remainingworld-class competitors These programmesenable companies of participating states toincrease competitiveness access new marketsencourage growth and foster innovation
EXPANDING AT EVERY LEVEL
Europe currently takes home 35 of globalcommercial satellite orders and the sector isgrowing steadily Global revenue has nearlytripled in the past decade ESA supports thedeployment of new satellites and programmesthat help companies compete on the global
market by providing them with the means todiversify their products and enter new markets
Alphasat is the biggest European telecomsatellite ever built based on Alphabusthe next generation of large platforms forhigh-power telecom satellites SmallGEO isa flexible geostationary satellite platformfor smaller spacecraft The lsquoNext Generationrsquogeostationary platform Neosat is ESArsquosoffering to the mid-range market whichmakes up the bulk of satellite ordersQuantum is a pioneering mission thatwill influence how telecom satellites areprocured and manufactured in Europe byvalidating a new generic payload design
Most of ESArsquos support to satcom technologyis in publicndashprivate partnerships withcompanies from all over Europe Thesepartnerships stimulate breakthroughsby sharing the risk between ESA and
industry making it easier to take onpotentially game-changing projectsOne is the European Data Relay System(EDRS) an independent European networkfor transmission of large quantities ofsatellite data Another Electra will developa communications satellite with fullelectric-propulsion Atlas is an extensionof an ARTES element that supports firstflight opportunities for experiments oncommercial telecoms satellites
SATCOM FOR SEA AND SKYhellip
Iris is an air-to-ground communicationssystem for safer and more precise air trafficmanagement The maritime sector is set tobenefit from SAT-AIS which uses satellitesto extend the reach of identificationmessages from ship to shore
hellipAND EVERYWHERE ELSE
ESArsquos ARTES programme includesthe development of applications thatprovide solutions to the needs andchallenges faced by society in areas suchas health agriculture security energy andmore ndash all making use of multiple spaceassets to improve our daily lives
OTS-2
Marecs-A
ECS-1
ECS-2
Marecs-B2
ECS-4
ECS-5
Name Launch Mission
1978
1981
1983
1984
1984
1987
1988
Telecoms technology demonstration
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Olympus
Artemis
Hylas-1
Alphasat
SmallGEO
EDRS-A
EDRS-C
Neosat
Electra
1989
2001
2010
2013
20156
2015
2016
2018
2019
Telecoms technology demonstration
Telecoms technology demonstration
Broadband services in public‒privatepartnership
Next-generation telecoms satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Data relay satellite
Data relay satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Telecoms with electric propulsion
7
Global communications underpin modern society and represent an
important commercial sector Satellites are a fundamental part of global
telecommunications networks providing all kind of services efficiently and
seamlessly over almost every region of our planet
rarr TELECOMMUNICATIONS MISSIONS
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1016
technology
rarr SPACE TO INNOVATE
What accounts for the continued commercial success of European space The answer
is innovation The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development notes a
third of all new space patents are filed in Europe second only to the United States
Europersquos space industry stays smarter thanits international competitors thanks to asteady stream of technology developmentcoordinated by ESArsquos Technology programmes
Technology lies at the foundation ofeverything ESA does ESArsquos technology researchand development programmes are run ona 5ndash10 year time span from investigatingpromising new ideas to finalising hardware foractual spaceflight ndash and commercial markets
Cross-cutting initiatives address directly the keytechnological challenges of this new centurysustainability of space activities on Earth andin orbit key advances in scientific instrumentsspace technologies that can help address the
Proba-3 is ESArsquos first close formation-flying mission A pair of satellites will fly together on a
coordinated basis evaluating techniques for flying in tandem
larr A running PPS 1350 Hall effect thruster as used on Alphasat
darr ESArsquos world-class laboratories use an unrivalled combination of expert knowledge and specialised
equipment (ESAG Schoonewille)
energy challenges on Earth and the buildingblocks for human and robotic exploration
BRINGING SPACE DOWN TO EARTH
ESArsquos Technology programmes also prioritisethe transfer of high-performance technologiesto terrestrial markets fostering new businessesand boosting wider European competitiveness
The transfer of these space technologies toour daily lives brings real benefits in manyways Space technologies are already beingused to improve the well-being of ordinarycitizens through for example healthcareproducts improved waste management andwater recovery
rarr TECHNOLOGY MISSION
Proba-1
Proba-2
Proba-V
Proba-3
Name Launch Mission
2001
2009
2013
2018
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Technology demonstratorscience
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Formation flyingsolar science
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1116
launchers
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE
Self-sufficiency in sending satellites into orbit is vital for Europersquos independence in
space Since the beginning of the Ariane programme in 1973 a highly successful
series of launchers has been developed from Ariane 1 through to Ariane 5
The Ariane 5 heavy-lift launcher ensures thatEurope maintains its competitive edge in theglobal launcher market The current Ariane 5ECA can deliver almost 10 tonnes into thegeostationary transfer orbits needed for
many satellites
Smaller launchers are still needed to meetthe market for smaller satellites addinggreater flexibility to the range of Europeanlaunch capabilities ESA has developed Vegacapable of lifting up to 15 tonnes into lowEarth orbit and Russiarsquos medium-lift Soyuzvehicles are being launched from EuropersquosSpaceport at Kourou French Guiana
Today European launch services are themost reliable in the world But economicallyspeaking they operate in a commercial market
where competitors are heavily supportedby a guaranteed governmental market Tomeet this challenge of competitiveness ESAis developing the new Ariane 6 for a maidenflight in 2020 Ariane 6 will be a modular three-stage launcher with two configurations usingboosters in common with the Vega vehicle
For the future ESA is reviewing newtechnologies and propulsion systems withexperts from Europersquos research centres andaerospace industry to make access to spacesimpler and cheaper
EUROPErsquoS SPACEPORT
Situated between a rain forest and theAtlantic coast of South America Kourouin French Guiana has become a familiarvenue to space engineers and theircustomers from around the world It isthe home of the Guiana Space Centre ndashEuropersquos Spaceport
The high levels of efficiency safety andreliability at Europersquos Spaceport are wellknown In addition to its many European
clients the spaceport also undertakeslaunches for customers in the USA JapanCanada India and Brazil
When you launch a satellite any extraspeed gained from Earthrsquos rotation iswelcome This boost is strongest near theEquator so Kourou is the best placed of allthe worldrsquos major spaceports Spent rockets
fall safely into the open ocean and thesame is true for launchers sent northwardswhen different kinds of orbits are required
Developed by France in the late 1960sthe launch site is now used by ESA for itsAriane Vega and Soyuz rockets
rarr Launch of Ariane 5 ECA at Europersquos Spaceport
in French Guiana (ESACNESArianespace -
Optique Videacuteo du CSG)
rarr Europersquos growing launcher family
Vega Soyuz at CSG and Ariane 5 will soon
be joined by Ariane 6
9
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1216
human spaceflight amp operations
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE
European astronauts have been taking part in human spaceflight missions for
over three decades either flying on the US Space Shuttle or Russian Soyuz
spacecraft first to the Mir space station and then to the International Space
Station (ISS) gaining a wealth of experience
The first ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold flewinto space in 1983 In 1998 the EuropeanAstronaut Centre was established inGermany to prepare European astronauts for
missions to the ISS Many have already flownto the ISS playing a vital role in the assemblyand operation of key elements of the station
Today new astronauts have been selectedand are taking part in missions to the ISSand eventually future human spaceflightmissions beyond
EUROPE AND THE INTERNATIONALSPACE STATION
The ISS is easily visible to the naked eye as itflies 400 km overhead It is a masterpiece of
global cooperation uniting the USA RussiaJapan Canada and Europe in the largestpartnership in the history of science
Europersquos involvement in this partnershipthrough ESA continues to be a story ofmajor technical and scientific achievementIt has been a huge stimulus for Europeanindustry which has taken great stridesin the development and manufacture ofcutting-edge space systems and hardware
Europersquos key contribution is the multi-purpose science laboratory ColumbusHere scientists can send experiments to becarried out in weightless conditions Withthe ISS completed utilisation of this uniquefacility and the exploitation of the unrivalledopportunities it offers are well under way
ESA also provided the Automated TransferVehicle (ATV) ndash a series of unmanned ferriesthat dock and undock automatically eachcarrying a cargo of food propellant andother supplies The ATVs also helped the ISSmaintain its attitude and remove waste forincineration in the atmosphere
Following the success of ATV and to offsetobligations towards ISS partners ESA isdeveloping the ATV-derived EuropeanService Module for the NASA Multi-Purpose
Crew Vehicle Orion
EXPLORING THE NEW FRONTIER
Space exploration is a great geopoliticalopportunity and those nations thatparticipate and contribute to a significantlevel in space exploration will shapethe current international principlesregulating the use of outer space ESAwill ensure that Europe plays a key rolein this future international explorationof space Through the exploitation ofthe ISS experience in human spaceflight
operations will be significantly increasedbut Europe has also been involved ininternational planning for explorationbeyond Earth orbit
These exploration plans focus on roboticmissions that will prepare the way subject toaffordability for human settlements on theMoon and the robotic exploration of MarsA long-term goal after 2030 could also bethe first human mission to Mars A seriesof manned and unmanned missions willtest and develop the technologies andknowledge that will get humans safely toMars and back These will require advancesin many areas such as guidance systemsrobotics radiation-hardening propulsionand life-support systems
WHERE MISSIONS COME ALIVE
Along with the European contribution to theISS including ATV production its scientificand technical utilisation and other humanspaceflight activities ESA also manages theflight operations of all it missions and theircorresponding ground segment elements
The International Space Station (NASAESA)
Studying space weather is a key element of Space Situational Awareness
larr ESOCs Main Control Room Darmstadt
0
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1316
The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)in Darmstadt Germany serves as the maincontrol centre for ESA missions and hoststhe Estrack Control Centre ndash which managesthe ESA tracking station network EstrackThis worldwide system of ground stationsprovides links between satellites in orbit and
ESOC with 10 stations in seven countries Theessential task of all ESA tracking stations isto communicate with our missions uplinkcommands and downlink scientific data andspacecraft status information
Based on experience since 1967 in controllingover 60 missions and the capability tomanage multiple spacecraft at once wealso provide our mission control expertise tooutside agencies and customers In additionto operating missions ESA provides world-class services to a variety of internal andexternal clients for space debris tracking and
collision alerts geodata analysis softwaredevelopment and navigation
SPACE FOR SECURITY
The Space Situational Awareness (SSA)initiative aims to provide Europe withservices to protect satellites and Earth Theinitiative supports Europersquos independentutilisation of space through provision oftimely and accurate information about thespace environment SSA will strengthenreliability availability and security ofEuropersquos space-based services It will be
coordinated with international partners andthe institutions of the European Union
European industry will benefit from newcontracts and world-class competitivecapabilities gained through development ofthe SSA infrastructure and services
darr ESA astronaut Hans Schlegel makes a spacewalk during the installation of the European Columbus laboratory on the ISS (NASA)
rarr EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
Vladimir Remek (CZ)Soyuz 28 1978
Miroslaw Hermaszewski (PL)Soyuz 30 1978
Siegmund Jaumlhn (DE)
Soyuz 31 1978
Georgi Ivanov (BG)Soyuz 33 1979
Bertalan Farkas (HU)Soyuz 36 1980
Dimitru Prunariu (RO)Soyuz 40 1981
Jean-Loup Chreacutetien (FR)Soyuz T-6 1982Soyuz TM-7 1988STS-86 1997
Ulf Merbold (DE)STS-9 1983
STS-42 1992Euromir 94Soyuz TM-20 1994
Patrick Baudry (FR)STS-51G 1985
Reinhard Furrer (DE)STS-61A 1985
Ernst Messerschmid (DE)STS-61A 1985
Wubbo Ockels (NL)STS-61A 1985
Alexander Alexandrov (BG)Soyuz TM-5 1988
Helen Sharman (GB)
Soyuz TM-12 1991
Franz Viehboumlck (AT)Soyuz TM-13 1991
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (DE)Soyuz TM-14 1992
Dirk Frimout (BE)STS-45 1992
Michel Tognini (FR) AntaregravesSoyuz TM-15 1992STS-93 1999
Franco Malerba (IT)STS-46 1992
Claude Nicollier (CH)STS-46 1992STS-61 1993STS-75 1996STS-103 1999
Hans Schlegel (DE)STS-55 1993STS-122 2008
Ulrich Walter (DE)STS-55 1993
Jean-Pierre Haignereacute (FR) AltairSoyuz TM-17 1993PerseusSoyuz TM-29 1999
Jean-Franccedilois Clervoy (FR)
STS-66 1994STS-84 1997STS-103 1999
Thomas Reiter (DE)Euromir 95Soyuz TM-22 19956 AstrolabSTS-121 2006
Maurizio Cheli (IT)STS-75 1996
Umberto Guidoni (IT)STS-75 1996STS-100 2001
Jean-Jaques Favier (FR)STS-78 1996
Claudie Haignereacute (FR)
CassiopeacuteeSoyuz TM-24 1996 AndromegravedeSoyuz TM-33 2001
Reinhold Ewald (DE)Soyuz TM-25 1997
Leacuteopold Eyharts (FR)PeacutegaseSoyuz TM-27 1998STS-122 2008
Pedro Duque (ES)STS-95 1998CervantesSoyuz TMA-3 2003
Ivan Bella (SL) Soyuz TM-29 1999
Gerhard Thiele (DE)STS-99 2000
Roberto Vittori (IT)Marco PoloSoyuz TM-34 2002EneideSoyuz TMA-6 2005DAMASTS-134 2011
Philippe Perrin (FR)STS-111 2002
Frank De Winne (BE)OdisseaSoyuz TMA-1 2002OasISSSoyuz TMA-15 2009
Andreacute Kuipers (NL)DeltaSoyuz TMA-4 2004
PromISSeSoyuz TMA-03M 2011
Christer Fuglesang (SE)CelsiusSTS-116 2006 AlisseacuteSTS-128 2009
Paolo Nespoli (IT)STS-120 2007MagISStraSoyuz TMA-20 2010
Luca Parmitano (IT)VolareSoyuz TMA-09M 2013
Alexander Gerst (DE)Blue DotSoyuz TMA-13M 2014
Samantha Cristoforetti (IT)FuturaSoyuz TMA-15M 2014
Andreas Mogensen (DK)
IrissSoyuz TMA-18M 2015
Timothy Peake (GB)PrincipiaSoyuz TMA-19M 2015
11
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Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
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ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
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An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 816
galileo amp navigation-related activities
rarr SPACE TO LOCATE
After mobile phones and the internet satellite navigation is the latest high-tech
addition to our everyday lives Spacecraft orbiting Earth can tell you exactly where
you are 24 hours a day
rarr GALILEO NAVIGATION
Car and truck drivers farmers yachtsmenand hikers have all discovered the benefitsof satellite navigation Air traffic controlshipping rescue operations crisismanagement and law enforcement services
have all been revolutionised by moreaccurate and reliable positioning systems
Determined to provide Europe with its ownindependent global civil satellite navigationsystem the European Commission and ESAhave devised a two-step approach
The already operational EGNOS whichaugments GPS is used in numerous Europeanairports for safer approaches and landings
The worldwide Galileo system started withtwo demonstration missions GIOVE-A and B
It made its first positioning in March 2013during its In-Orbit Validation phase provingthe concept These four satellites were joinedby Satellites 5 and 6 in August 2014 and then7 and 8 in March 2015 The constellation
build-up will now progress at a steady rateleading to its completion of 30 satellites andits associated ground segment
The range of potential applications forGalileo is extremely wide Looking beyondthe transport sector where it will increasesafety efficiency and comfort its advancedtechnological features and its commerciallyoriented services will make it a valuable toolfor many more economic sectors
Initial services including Open ServiceSearch And Rescue and Public Regulated
Service are planned for 2016 Interoperablewith GPS Galileo signals will be treatedby receivers in a fully transparent wayMultiplying the satellites in space willimprove reliability and accuracy on Earth
The first two Galileo satellites were launched
from Europes Spaceport in 2011
larr Satellites in the Galileo constellation
GIOVE-A
GIOVE-B
IOV x2
IOV x2
Galileo 56
Galileo 78
Name Launch Mission
2005
2008
2011
2012
2014
2015
Demonstration mission
Demonstration mission
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
In-orbit Validation toqualify Galileo design
Full Operational Capability satellites
Full Operational Capability satellites
larr Satellite positioning has already become the standard way of navigating
now essential for the efficient running of transport systems and also human
safety (Zetapress)
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telecommunications amp integrated applications
rarr SPACE TO COMMUNICATE
uarr Integrated applications combining
the use of different types of satellites
such as telecommunications Earth observation
and navigation
ESArsquos Advanced Research inTelecommunications Systems (ARTES)programmes transform research anddevelopment investment into successfulcommercial products and are central to
European and Canadian industries remainingworld-class competitors These programmesenable companies of participating states toincrease competitiveness access new marketsencourage growth and foster innovation
EXPANDING AT EVERY LEVEL
Europe currently takes home 35 of globalcommercial satellite orders and the sector isgrowing steadily Global revenue has nearlytripled in the past decade ESA supports thedeployment of new satellites and programmesthat help companies compete on the global
market by providing them with the means todiversify their products and enter new markets
Alphasat is the biggest European telecomsatellite ever built based on Alphabusthe next generation of large platforms forhigh-power telecom satellites SmallGEO isa flexible geostationary satellite platformfor smaller spacecraft The lsquoNext Generationrsquogeostationary platform Neosat is ESArsquosoffering to the mid-range market whichmakes up the bulk of satellite ordersQuantum is a pioneering mission thatwill influence how telecom satellites areprocured and manufactured in Europe byvalidating a new generic payload design
Most of ESArsquos support to satcom technologyis in publicndashprivate partnerships withcompanies from all over Europe Thesepartnerships stimulate breakthroughsby sharing the risk between ESA and
industry making it easier to take onpotentially game-changing projectsOne is the European Data Relay System(EDRS) an independent European networkfor transmission of large quantities ofsatellite data Another Electra will developa communications satellite with fullelectric-propulsion Atlas is an extensionof an ARTES element that supports firstflight opportunities for experiments oncommercial telecoms satellites
SATCOM FOR SEA AND SKYhellip
Iris is an air-to-ground communicationssystem for safer and more precise air trafficmanagement The maritime sector is set tobenefit from SAT-AIS which uses satellitesto extend the reach of identificationmessages from ship to shore
hellipAND EVERYWHERE ELSE
ESArsquos ARTES programme includesthe development of applications thatprovide solutions to the needs andchallenges faced by society in areas suchas health agriculture security energy andmore ndash all making use of multiple spaceassets to improve our daily lives
OTS-2
Marecs-A
ECS-1
ECS-2
Marecs-B2
ECS-4
ECS-5
Name Launch Mission
1978
1981
1983
1984
1984
1987
1988
Telecoms technology demonstration
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Olympus
Artemis
Hylas-1
Alphasat
SmallGEO
EDRS-A
EDRS-C
Neosat
Electra
1989
2001
2010
2013
20156
2015
2016
2018
2019
Telecoms technology demonstration
Telecoms technology demonstration
Broadband services in public‒privatepartnership
Next-generation telecoms satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Data relay satellite
Data relay satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Telecoms with electric propulsion
7
Global communications underpin modern society and represent an
important commercial sector Satellites are a fundamental part of global
telecommunications networks providing all kind of services efficiently and
seamlessly over almost every region of our planet
rarr TELECOMMUNICATIONS MISSIONS
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httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1016
technology
rarr SPACE TO INNOVATE
What accounts for the continued commercial success of European space The answer
is innovation The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development notes a
third of all new space patents are filed in Europe second only to the United States
Europersquos space industry stays smarter thanits international competitors thanks to asteady stream of technology developmentcoordinated by ESArsquos Technology programmes
Technology lies at the foundation ofeverything ESA does ESArsquos technology researchand development programmes are run ona 5ndash10 year time span from investigatingpromising new ideas to finalising hardware foractual spaceflight ndash and commercial markets
Cross-cutting initiatives address directly the keytechnological challenges of this new centurysustainability of space activities on Earth andin orbit key advances in scientific instrumentsspace technologies that can help address the
Proba-3 is ESArsquos first close formation-flying mission A pair of satellites will fly together on a
coordinated basis evaluating techniques for flying in tandem
larr A running PPS 1350 Hall effect thruster as used on Alphasat
darr ESArsquos world-class laboratories use an unrivalled combination of expert knowledge and specialised
equipment (ESAG Schoonewille)
energy challenges on Earth and the buildingblocks for human and robotic exploration
BRINGING SPACE DOWN TO EARTH
ESArsquos Technology programmes also prioritisethe transfer of high-performance technologiesto terrestrial markets fostering new businessesand boosting wider European competitiveness
The transfer of these space technologies toour daily lives brings real benefits in manyways Space technologies are already beingused to improve the well-being of ordinarycitizens through for example healthcareproducts improved waste management andwater recovery
rarr TECHNOLOGY MISSION
Proba-1
Proba-2
Proba-V
Proba-3
Name Launch Mission
2001
2009
2013
2018
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Technology demonstratorscience
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Formation flyingsolar science
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launchers
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE
Self-sufficiency in sending satellites into orbit is vital for Europersquos independence in
space Since the beginning of the Ariane programme in 1973 a highly successful
series of launchers has been developed from Ariane 1 through to Ariane 5
The Ariane 5 heavy-lift launcher ensures thatEurope maintains its competitive edge in theglobal launcher market The current Ariane 5ECA can deliver almost 10 tonnes into thegeostationary transfer orbits needed for
many satellites
Smaller launchers are still needed to meetthe market for smaller satellites addinggreater flexibility to the range of Europeanlaunch capabilities ESA has developed Vegacapable of lifting up to 15 tonnes into lowEarth orbit and Russiarsquos medium-lift Soyuzvehicles are being launched from EuropersquosSpaceport at Kourou French Guiana
Today European launch services are themost reliable in the world But economicallyspeaking they operate in a commercial market
where competitors are heavily supportedby a guaranteed governmental market Tomeet this challenge of competitiveness ESAis developing the new Ariane 6 for a maidenflight in 2020 Ariane 6 will be a modular three-stage launcher with two configurations usingboosters in common with the Vega vehicle
For the future ESA is reviewing newtechnologies and propulsion systems withexperts from Europersquos research centres andaerospace industry to make access to spacesimpler and cheaper
EUROPErsquoS SPACEPORT
Situated between a rain forest and theAtlantic coast of South America Kourouin French Guiana has become a familiarvenue to space engineers and theircustomers from around the world It isthe home of the Guiana Space Centre ndashEuropersquos Spaceport
The high levels of efficiency safety andreliability at Europersquos Spaceport are wellknown In addition to its many European
clients the spaceport also undertakeslaunches for customers in the USA JapanCanada India and Brazil
When you launch a satellite any extraspeed gained from Earthrsquos rotation iswelcome This boost is strongest near theEquator so Kourou is the best placed of allthe worldrsquos major spaceports Spent rockets
fall safely into the open ocean and thesame is true for launchers sent northwardswhen different kinds of orbits are required
Developed by France in the late 1960sthe launch site is now used by ESA for itsAriane Vega and Soyuz rockets
rarr Launch of Ariane 5 ECA at Europersquos Spaceport
in French Guiana (ESACNESArianespace -
Optique Videacuteo du CSG)
rarr Europersquos growing launcher family
Vega Soyuz at CSG and Ariane 5 will soon
be joined by Ariane 6
9
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1216
human spaceflight amp operations
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE
European astronauts have been taking part in human spaceflight missions for
over three decades either flying on the US Space Shuttle or Russian Soyuz
spacecraft first to the Mir space station and then to the International Space
Station (ISS) gaining a wealth of experience
The first ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold flewinto space in 1983 In 1998 the EuropeanAstronaut Centre was established inGermany to prepare European astronauts for
missions to the ISS Many have already flownto the ISS playing a vital role in the assemblyand operation of key elements of the station
Today new astronauts have been selectedand are taking part in missions to the ISSand eventually future human spaceflightmissions beyond
EUROPE AND THE INTERNATIONALSPACE STATION
The ISS is easily visible to the naked eye as itflies 400 km overhead It is a masterpiece of
global cooperation uniting the USA RussiaJapan Canada and Europe in the largestpartnership in the history of science
Europersquos involvement in this partnershipthrough ESA continues to be a story ofmajor technical and scientific achievementIt has been a huge stimulus for Europeanindustry which has taken great stridesin the development and manufacture ofcutting-edge space systems and hardware
Europersquos key contribution is the multi-purpose science laboratory ColumbusHere scientists can send experiments to becarried out in weightless conditions Withthe ISS completed utilisation of this uniquefacility and the exploitation of the unrivalledopportunities it offers are well under way
ESA also provided the Automated TransferVehicle (ATV) ndash a series of unmanned ferriesthat dock and undock automatically eachcarrying a cargo of food propellant andother supplies The ATVs also helped the ISSmaintain its attitude and remove waste forincineration in the atmosphere
Following the success of ATV and to offsetobligations towards ISS partners ESA isdeveloping the ATV-derived EuropeanService Module for the NASA Multi-Purpose
Crew Vehicle Orion
EXPLORING THE NEW FRONTIER
Space exploration is a great geopoliticalopportunity and those nations thatparticipate and contribute to a significantlevel in space exploration will shapethe current international principlesregulating the use of outer space ESAwill ensure that Europe plays a key rolein this future international explorationof space Through the exploitation ofthe ISS experience in human spaceflight
operations will be significantly increasedbut Europe has also been involved ininternational planning for explorationbeyond Earth orbit
These exploration plans focus on roboticmissions that will prepare the way subject toaffordability for human settlements on theMoon and the robotic exploration of MarsA long-term goal after 2030 could also bethe first human mission to Mars A seriesof manned and unmanned missions willtest and develop the technologies andknowledge that will get humans safely toMars and back These will require advancesin many areas such as guidance systemsrobotics radiation-hardening propulsionand life-support systems
WHERE MISSIONS COME ALIVE
Along with the European contribution to theISS including ATV production its scientificand technical utilisation and other humanspaceflight activities ESA also manages theflight operations of all it missions and theircorresponding ground segment elements
The International Space Station (NASAESA)
Studying space weather is a key element of Space Situational Awareness
larr ESOCs Main Control Room Darmstadt
0
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1316
The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)in Darmstadt Germany serves as the maincontrol centre for ESA missions and hoststhe Estrack Control Centre ndash which managesthe ESA tracking station network EstrackThis worldwide system of ground stationsprovides links between satellites in orbit and
ESOC with 10 stations in seven countries Theessential task of all ESA tracking stations isto communicate with our missions uplinkcommands and downlink scientific data andspacecraft status information
Based on experience since 1967 in controllingover 60 missions and the capability tomanage multiple spacecraft at once wealso provide our mission control expertise tooutside agencies and customers In additionto operating missions ESA provides world-class services to a variety of internal andexternal clients for space debris tracking and
collision alerts geodata analysis softwaredevelopment and navigation
SPACE FOR SECURITY
The Space Situational Awareness (SSA)initiative aims to provide Europe withservices to protect satellites and Earth Theinitiative supports Europersquos independentutilisation of space through provision oftimely and accurate information about thespace environment SSA will strengthenreliability availability and security ofEuropersquos space-based services It will be
coordinated with international partners andthe institutions of the European Union
European industry will benefit from newcontracts and world-class competitivecapabilities gained through development ofthe SSA infrastructure and services
darr ESA astronaut Hans Schlegel makes a spacewalk during the installation of the European Columbus laboratory on the ISS (NASA)
rarr EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
Vladimir Remek (CZ)Soyuz 28 1978
Miroslaw Hermaszewski (PL)Soyuz 30 1978
Siegmund Jaumlhn (DE)
Soyuz 31 1978
Georgi Ivanov (BG)Soyuz 33 1979
Bertalan Farkas (HU)Soyuz 36 1980
Dimitru Prunariu (RO)Soyuz 40 1981
Jean-Loup Chreacutetien (FR)Soyuz T-6 1982Soyuz TM-7 1988STS-86 1997
Ulf Merbold (DE)STS-9 1983
STS-42 1992Euromir 94Soyuz TM-20 1994
Patrick Baudry (FR)STS-51G 1985
Reinhard Furrer (DE)STS-61A 1985
Ernst Messerschmid (DE)STS-61A 1985
Wubbo Ockels (NL)STS-61A 1985
Alexander Alexandrov (BG)Soyuz TM-5 1988
Helen Sharman (GB)
Soyuz TM-12 1991
Franz Viehboumlck (AT)Soyuz TM-13 1991
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (DE)Soyuz TM-14 1992
Dirk Frimout (BE)STS-45 1992
Michel Tognini (FR) AntaregravesSoyuz TM-15 1992STS-93 1999
Franco Malerba (IT)STS-46 1992
Claude Nicollier (CH)STS-46 1992STS-61 1993STS-75 1996STS-103 1999
Hans Schlegel (DE)STS-55 1993STS-122 2008
Ulrich Walter (DE)STS-55 1993
Jean-Pierre Haignereacute (FR) AltairSoyuz TM-17 1993PerseusSoyuz TM-29 1999
Jean-Franccedilois Clervoy (FR)
STS-66 1994STS-84 1997STS-103 1999
Thomas Reiter (DE)Euromir 95Soyuz TM-22 19956 AstrolabSTS-121 2006
Maurizio Cheli (IT)STS-75 1996
Umberto Guidoni (IT)STS-75 1996STS-100 2001
Jean-Jaques Favier (FR)STS-78 1996
Claudie Haignereacute (FR)
CassiopeacuteeSoyuz TM-24 1996 AndromegravedeSoyuz TM-33 2001
Reinhold Ewald (DE)Soyuz TM-25 1997
Leacuteopold Eyharts (FR)PeacutegaseSoyuz TM-27 1998STS-122 2008
Pedro Duque (ES)STS-95 1998CervantesSoyuz TMA-3 2003
Ivan Bella (SL) Soyuz TM-29 1999
Gerhard Thiele (DE)STS-99 2000
Roberto Vittori (IT)Marco PoloSoyuz TM-34 2002EneideSoyuz TMA-6 2005DAMASTS-134 2011
Philippe Perrin (FR)STS-111 2002
Frank De Winne (BE)OdisseaSoyuz TMA-1 2002OasISSSoyuz TMA-15 2009
Andreacute Kuipers (NL)DeltaSoyuz TMA-4 2004
PromISSeSoyuz TMA-03M 2011
Christer Fuglesang (SE)CelsiusSTS-116 2006 AlisseacuteSTS-128 2009
Paolo Nespoli (IT)STS-120 2007MagISStraSoyuz TMA-20 2010
Luca Parmitano (IT)VolareSoyuz TMA-09M 2013
Alexander Gerst (DE)Blue DotSoyuz TMA-13M 2014
Samantha Cristoforetti (IT)FuturaSoyuz TMA-15M 2014
Andreas Mogensen (DK)
IrissSoyuz TMA-18M 2015
Timothy Peake (GB)PrincipiaSoyuz TMA-19M 2015
11
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1416
Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1516
ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1616
An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 916
telecommunications amp integrated applications
rarr SPACE TO COMMUNICATE
uarr Integrated applications combining
the use of different types of satellites
such as telecommunications Earth observation
and navigation
ESArsquos Advanced Research inTelecommunications Systems (ARTES)programmes transform research anddevelopment investment into successfulcommercial products and are central to
European and Canadian industries remainingworld-class competitors These programmesenable companies of participating states toincrease competitiveness access new marketsencourage growth and foster innovation
EXPANDING AT EVERY LEVEL
Europe currently takes home 35 of globalcommercial satellite orders and the sector isgrowing steadily Global revenue has nearlytripled in the past decade ESA supports thedeployment of new satellites and programmesthat help companies compete on the global
market by providing them with the means todiversify their products and enter new markets
Alphasat is the biggest European telecomsatellite ever built based on Alphabusthe next generation of large platforms forhigh-power telecom satellites SmallGEO isa flexible geostationary satellite platformfor smaller spacecraft The lsquoNext Generationrsquogeostationary platform Neosat is ESArsquosoffering to the mid-range market whichmakes up the bulk of satellite ordersQuantum is a pioneering mission thatwill influence how telecom satellites areprocured and manufactured in Europe byvalidating a new generic payload design
Most of ESArsquos support to satcom technologyis in publicndashprivate partnerships withcompanies from all over Europe Thesepartnerships stimulate breakthroughsby sharing the risk between ESA and
industry making it easier to take onpotentially game-changing projectsOne is the European Data Relay System(EDRS) an independent European networkfor transmission of large quantities ofsatellite data Another Electra will developa communications satellite with fullelectric-propulsion Atlas is an extensionof an ARTES element that supports firstflight opportunities for experiments oncommercial telecoms satellites
SATCOM FOR SEA AND SKYhellip
Iris is an air-to-ground communicationssystem for safer and more precise air trafficmanagement The maritime sector is set tobenefit from SAT-AIS which uses satellitesto extend the reach of identificationmessages from ship to shore
hellipAND EVERYWHERE ELSE
ESArsquos ARTES programme includesthe development of applications thatprovide solutions to the needs andchallenges faced by society in areas suchas health agriculture security energy andmore ndash all making use of multiple spaceassets to improve our daily lives
OTS-2
Marecs-A
ECS-1
ECS-2
Marecs-B2
ECS-4
ECS-5
Name Launch Mission
1978
1981
1983
1984
1984
1987
1988
Telecoms technology demonstration
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Maritime communications
Operational communications satellite
Operational communications satellite
Olympus
Artemis
Hylas-1
Alphasat
SmallGEO
EDRS-A
EDRS-C
Neosat
Electra
1989
2001
2010
2013
20156
2015
2016
2018
2019
Telecoms technology demonstration
Telecoms technology demonstration
Broadband services in public‒privatepartnership
Next-generation telecoms satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Data relay satellite
Data relay satellite
Geostationary telecoms
Telecoms with electric propulsion
7
Global communications underpin modern society and represent an
important commercial sector Satellites are a fundamental part of global
telecommunications networks providing all kind of services efficiently and
seamlessly over almost every region of our planet
rarr TELECOMMUNICATIONS MISSIONS
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1016
technology
rarr SPACE TO INNOVATE
What accounts for the continued commercial success of European space The answer
is innovation The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development notes a
third of all new space patents are filed in Europe second only to the United States
Europersquos space industry stays smarter thanits international competitors thanks to asteady stream of technology developmentcoordinated by ESArsquos Technology programmes
Technology lies at the foundation ofeverything ESA does ESArsquos technology researchand development programmes are run ona 5ndash10 year time span from investigatingpromising new ideas to finalising hardware foractual spaceflight ndash and commercial markets
Cross-cutting initiatives address directly the keytechnological challenges of this new centurysustainability of space activities on Earth andin orbit key advances in scientific instrumentsspace technologies that can help address the
Proba-3 is ESArsquos first close formation-flying mission A pair of satellites will fly together on a
coordinated basis evaluating techniques for flying in tandem
larr A running PPS 1350 Hall effect thruster as used on Alphasat
darr ESArsquos world-class laboratories use an unrivalled combination of expert knowledge and specialised
equipment (ESAG Schoonewille)
energy challenges on Earth and the buildingblocks for human and robotic exploration
BRINGING SPACE DOWN TO EARTH
ESArsquos Technology programmes also prioritisethe transfer of high-performance technologiesto terrestrial markets fostering new businessesand boosting wider European competitiveness
The transfer of these space technologies toour daily lives brings real benefits in manyways Space technologies are already beingused to improve the well-being of ordinarycitizens through for example healthcareproducts improved waste management andwater recovery
rarr TECHNOLOGY MISSION
Proba-1
Proba-2
Proba-V
Proba-3
Name Launch Mission
2001
2009
2013
2018
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Technology demonstratorscience
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Formation flyingsolar science
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1116
launchers
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE
Self-sufficiency in sending satellites into orbit is vital for Europersquos independence in
space Since the beginning of the Ariane programme in 1973 a highly successful
series of launchers has been developed from Ariane 1 through to Ariane 5
The Ariane 5 heavy-lift launcher ensures thatEurope maintains its competitive edge in theglobal launcher market The current Ariane 5ECA can deliver almost 10 tonnes into thegeostationary transfer orbits needed for
many satellites
Smaller launchers are still needed to meetthe market for smaller satellites addinggreater flexibility to the range of Europeanlaunch capabilities ESA has developed Vegacapable of lifting up to 15 tonnes into lowEarth orbit and Russiarsquos medium-lift Soyuzvehicles are being launched from EuropersquosSpaceport at Kourou French Guiana
Today European launch services are themost reliable in the world But economicallyspeaking they operate in a commercial market
where competitors are heavily supportedby a guaranteed governmental market Tomeet this challenge of competitiveness ESAis developing the new Ariane 6 for a maidenflight in 2020 Ariane 6 will be a modular three-stage launcher with two configurations usingboosters in common with the Vega vehicle
For the future ESA is reviewing newtechnologies and propulsion systems withexperts from Europersquos research centres andaerospace industry to make access to spacesimpler and cheaper
EUROPErsquoS SPACEPORT
Situated between a rain forest and theAtlantic coast of South America Kourouin French Guiana has become a familiarvenue to space engineers and theircustomers from around the world It isthe home of the Guiana Space Centre ndashEuropersquos Spaceport
The high levels of efficiency safety andreliability at Europersquos Spaceport are wellknown In addition to its many European
clients the spaceport also undertakeslaunches for customers in the USA JapanCanada India and Brazil
When you launch a satellite any extraspeed gained from Earthrsquos rotation iswelcome This boost is strongest near theEquator so Kourou is the best placed of allthe worldrsquos major spaceports Spent rockets
fall safely into the open ocean and thesame is true for launchers sent northwardswhen different kinds of orbits are required
Developed by France in the late 1960sthe launch site is now used by ESA for itsAriane Vega and Soyuz rockets
rarr Launch of Ariane 5 ECA at Europersquos Spaceport
in French Guiana (ESACNESArianespace -
Optique Videacuteo du CSG)
rarr Europersquos growing launcher family
Vega Soyuz at CSG and Ariane 5 will soon
be joined by Ariane 6
9
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1216
human spaceflight amp operations
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE
European astronauts have been taking part in human spaceflight missions for
over three decades either flying on the US Space Shuttle or Russian Soyuz
spacecraft first to the Mir space station and then to the International Space
Station (ISS) gaining a wealth of experience
The first ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold flewinto space in 1983 In 1998 the EuropeanAstronaut Centre was established inGermany to prepare European astronauts for
missions to the ISS Many have already flownto the ISS playing a vital role in the assemblyand operation of key elements of the station
Today new astronauts have been selectedand are taking part in missions to the ISSand eventually future human spaceflightmissions beyond
EUROPE AND THE INTERNATIONALSPACE STATION
The ISS is easily visible to the naked eye as itflies 400 km overhead It is a masterpiece of
global cooperation uniting the USA RussiaJapan Canada and Europe in the largestpartnership in the history of science
Europersquos involvement in this partnershipthrough ESA continues to be a story ofmajor technical and scientific achievementIt has been a huge stimulus for Europeanindustry which has taken great stridesin the development and manufacture ofcutting-edge space systems and hardware
Europersquos key contribution is the multi-purpose science laboratory ColumbusHere scientists can send experiments to becarried out in weightless conditions Withthe ISS completed utilisation of this uniquefacility and the exploitation of the unrivalledopportunities it offers are well under way
ESA also provided the Automated TransferVehicle (ATV) ndash a series of unmanned ferriesthat dock and undock automatically eachcarrying a cargo of food propellant andother supplies The ATVs also helped the ISSmaintain its attitude and remove waste forincineration in the atmosphere
Following the success of ATV and to offsetobligations towards ISS partners ESA isdeveloping the ATV-derived EuropeanService Module for the NASA Multi-Purpose
Crew Vehicle Orion
EXPLORING THE NEW FRONTIER
Space exploration is a great geopoliticalopportunity and those nations thatparticipate and contribute to a significantlevel in space exploration will shapethe current international principlesregulating the use of outer space ESAwill ensure that Europe plays a key rolein this future international explorationof space Through the exploitation ofthe ISS experience in human spaceflight
operations will be significantly increasedbut Europe has also been involved ininternational planning for explorationbeyond Earth orbit
These exploration plans focus on roboticmissions that will prepare the way subject toaffordability for human settlements on theMoon and the robotic exploration of MarsA long-term goal after 2030 could also bethe first human mission to Mars A seriesof manned and unmanned missions willtest and develop the technologies andknowledge that will get humans safely toMars and back These will require advancesin many areas such as guidance systemsrobotics radiation-hardening propulsionand life-support systems
WHERE MISSIONS COME ALIVE
Along with the European contribution to theISS including ATV production its scientificand technical utilisation and other humanspaceflight activities ESA also manages theflight operations of all it missions and theircorresponding ground segment elements
The International Space Station (NASAESA)
Studying space weather is a key element of Space Situational Awareness
larr ESOCs Main Control Room Darmstadt
0
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1316
The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)in Darmstadt Germany serves as the maincontrol centre for ESA missions and hoststhe Estrack Control Centre ndash which managesthe ESA tracking station network EstrackThis worldwide system of ground stationsprovides links between satellites in orbit and
ESOC with 10 stations in seven countries Theessential task of all ESA tracking stations isto communicate with our missions uplinkcommands and downlink scientific data andspacecraft status information
Based on experience since 1967 in controllingover 60 missions and the capability tomanage multiple spacecraft at once wealso provide our mission control expertise tooutside agencies and customers In additionto operating missions ESA provides world-class services to a variety of internal andexternal clients for space debris tracking and
collision alerts geodata analysis softwaredevelopment and navigation
SPACE FOR SECURITY
The Space Situational Awareness (SSA)initiative aims to provide Europe withservices to protect satellites and Earth Theinitiative supports Europersquos independentutilisation of space through provision oftimely and accurate information about thespace environment SSA will strengthenreliability availability and security ofEuropersquos space-based services It will be
coordinated with international partners andthe institutions of the European Union
European industry will benefit from newcontracts and world-class competitivecapabilities gained through development ofthe SSA infrastructure and services
darr ESA astronaut Hans Schlegel makes a spacewalk during the installation of the European Columbus laboratory on the ISS (NASA)
rarr EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
Vladimir Remek (CZ)Soyuz 28 1978
Miroslaw Hermaszewski (PL)Soyuz 30 1978
Siegmund Jaumlhn (DE)
Soyuz 31 1978
Georgi Ivanov (BG)Soyuz 33 1979
Bertalan Farkas (HU)Soyuz 36 1980
Dimitru Prunariu (RO)Soyuz 40 1981
Jean-Loup Chreacutetien (FR)Soyuz T-6 1982Soyuz TM-7 1988STS-86 1997
Ulf Merbold (DE)STS-9 1983
STS-42 1992Euromir 94Soyuz TM-20 1994
Patrick Baudry (FR)STS-51G 1985
Reinhard Furrer (DE)STS-61A 1985
Ernst Messerschmid (DE)STS-61A 1985
Wubbo Ockels (NL)STS-61A 1985
Alexander Alexandrov (BG)Soyuz TM-5 1988
Helen Sharman (GB)
Soyuz TM-12 1991
Franz Viehboumlck (AT)Soyuz TM-13 1991
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (DE)Soyuz TM-14 1992
Dirk Frimout (BE)STS-45 1992
Michel Tognini (FR) AntaregravesSoyuz TM-15 1992STS-93 1999
Franco Malerba (IT)STS-46 1992
Claude Nicollier (CH)STS-46 1992STS-61 1993STS-75 1996STS-103 1999
Hans Schlegel (DE)STS-55 1993STS-122 2008
Ulrich Walter (DE)STS-55 1993
Jean-Pierre Haignereacute (FR) AltairSoyuz TM-17 1993PerseusSoyuz TM-29 1999
Jean-Franccedilois Clervoy (FR)
STS-66 1994STS-84 1997STS-103 1999
Thomas Reiter (DE)Euromir 95Soyuz TM-22 19956 AstrolabSTS-121 2006
Maurizio Cheli (IT)STS-75 1996
Umberto Guidoni (IT)STS-75 1996STS-100 2001
Jean-Jaques Favier (FR)STS-78 1996
Claudie Haignereacute (FR)
CassiopeacuteeSoyuz TM-24 1996 AndromegravedeSoyuz TM-33 2001
Reinhold Ewald (DE)Soyuz TM-25 1997
Leacuteopold Eyharts (FR)PeacutegaseSoyuz TM-27 1998STS-122 2008
Pedro Duque (ES)STS-95 1998CervantesSoyuz TMA-3 2003
Ivan Bella (SL) Soyuz TM-29 1999
Gerhard Thiele (DE)STS-99 2000
Roberto Vittori (IT)Marco PoloSoyuz TM-34 2002EneideSoyuz TMA-6 2005DAMASTS-134 2011
Philippe Perrin (FR)STS-111 2002
Frank De Winne (BE)OdisseaSoyuz TMA-1 2002OasISSSoyuz TMA-15 2009
Andreacute Kuipers (NL)DeltaSoyuz TMA-4 2004
PromISSeSoyuz TMA-03M 2011
Christer Fuglesang (SE)CelsiusSTS-116 2006 AlisseacuteSTS-128 2009
Paolo Nespoli (IT)STS-120 2007MagISStraSoyuz TMA-20 2010
Luca Parmitano (IT)VolareSoyuz TMA-09M 2013
Alexander Gerst (DE)Blue DotSoyuz TMA-13M 2014
Samantha Cristoforetti (IT)FuturaSoyuz TMA-15M 2014
Andreas Mogensen (DK)
IrissSoyuz TMA-18M 2015
Timothy Peake (GB)PrincipiaSoyuz TMA-19M 2015
11
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1416
Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1516
ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1616
An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1016
technology
rarr SPACE TO INNOVATE
What accounts for the continued commercial success of European space The answer
is innovation The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development notes a
third of all new space patents are filed in Europe second only to the United States
Europersquos space industry stays smarter thanits international competitors thanks to asteady stream of technology developmentcoordinated by ESArsquos Technology programmes
Technology lies at the foundation ofeverything ESA does ESArsquos technology researchand development programmes are run ona 5ndash10 year time span from investigatingpromising new ideas to finalising hardware foractual spaceflight ndash and commercial markets
Cross-cutting initiatives address directly the keytechnological challenges of this new centurysustainability of space activities on Earth andin orbit key advances in scientific instrumentsspace technologies that can help address the
Proba-3 is ESArsquos first close formation-flying mission A pair of satellites will fly together on a
coordinated basis evaluating techniques for flying in tandem
larr A running PPS 1350 Hall effect thruster as used on Alphasat
darr ESArsquos world-class laboratories use an unrivalled combination of expert knowledge and specialised
equipment (ESAG Schoonewille)
energy challenges on Earth and the buildingblocks for human and robotic exploration
BRINGING SPACE DOWN TO EARTH
ESArsquos Technology programmes also prioritisethe transfer of high-performance technologiesto terrestrial markets fostering new businessesand boosting wider European competitiveness
The transfer of these space technologies toour daily lives brings real benefits in manyways Space technologies are already beingused to improve the well-being of ordinarycitizens through for example healthcareproducts improved waste management andwater recovery
rarr TECHNOLOGY MISSION
Proba-1
Proba-2
Proba-V
Proba-3
Name Launch Mission
2001
2009
2013
2018
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Technology demonstratorscience
Technology demonstratorEarth observation
Formation flyingsolar science
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1116
launchers
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE
Self-sufficiency in sending satellites into orbit is vital for Europersquos independence in
space Since the beginning of the Ariane programme in 1973 a highly successful
series of launchers has been developed from Ariane 1 through to Ariane 5
The Ariane 5 heavy-lift launcher ensures thatEurope maintains its competitive edge in theglobal launcher market The current Ariane 5ECA can deliver almost 10 tonnes into thegeostationary transfer orbits needed for
many satellites
Smaller launchers are still needed to meetthe market for smaller satellites addinggreater flexibility to the range of Europeanlaunch capabilities ESA has developed Vegacapable of lifting up to 15 tonnes into lowEarth orbit and Russiarsquos medium-lift Soyuzvehicles are being launched from EuropersquosSpaceport at Kourou French Guiana
Today European launch services are themost reliable in the world But economicallyspeaking they operate in a commercial market
where competitors are heavily supportedby a guaranteed governmental market Tomeet this challenge of competitiveness ESAis developing the new Ariane 6 for a maidenflight in 2020 Ariane 6 will be a modular three-stage launcher with two configurations usingboosters in common with the Vega vehicle
For the future ESA is reviewing newtechnologies and propulsion systems withexperts from Europersquos research centres andaerospace industry to make access to spacesimpler and cheaper
EUROPErsquoS SPACEPORT
Situated between a rain forest and theAtlantic coast of South America Kourouin French Guiana has become a familiarvenue to space engineers and theircustomers from around the world It isthe home of the Guiana Space Centre ndashEuropersquos Spaceport
The high levels of efficiency safety andreliability at Europersquos Spaceport are wellknown In addition to its many European
clients the spaceport also undertakeslaunches for customers in the USA JapanCanada India and Brazil
When you launch a satellite any extraspeed gained from Earthrsquos rotation iswelcome This boost is strongest near theEquator so Kourou is the best placed of allthe worldrsquos major spaceports Spent rockets
fall safely into the open ocean and thesame is true for launchers sent northwardswhen different kinds of orbits are required
Developed by France in the late 1960sthe launch site is now used by ESA for itsAriane Vega and Soyuz rockets
rarr Launch of Ariane 5 ECA at Europersquos Spaceport
in French Guiana (ESACNESArianespace -
Optique Videacuteo du CSG)
rarr Europersquos growing launcher family
Vega Soyuz at CSG and Ariane 5 will soon
be joined by Ariane 6
9
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1216
human spaceflight amp operations
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE
European astronauts have been taking part in human spaceflight missions for
over three decades either flying on the US Space Shuttle or Russian Soyuz
spacecraft first to the Mir space station and then to the International Space
Station (ISS) gaining a wealth of experience
The first ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold flewinto space in 1983 In 1998 the EuropeanAstronaut Centre was established inGermany to prepare European astronauts for
missions to the ISS Many have already flownto the ISS playing a vital role in the assemblyand operation of key elements of the station
Today new astronauts have been selectedand are taking part in missions to the ISSand eventually future human spaceflightmissions beyond
EUROPE AND THE INTERNATIONALSPACE STATION
The ISS is easily visible to the naked eye as itflies 400 km overhead It is a masterpiece of
global cooperation uniting the USA RussiaJapan Canada and Europe in the largestpartnership in the history of science
Europersquos involvement in this partnershipthrough ESA continues to be a story ofmajor technical and scientific achievementIt has been a huge stimulus for Europeanindustry which has taken great stridesin the development and manufacture ofcutting-edge space systems and hardware
Europersquos key contribution is the multi-purpose science laboratory ColumbusHere scientists can send experiments to becarried out in weightless conditions Withthe ISS completed utilisation of this uniquefacility and the exploitation of the unrivalledopportunities it offers are well under way
ESA also provided the Automated TransferVehicle (ATV) ndash a series of unmanned ferriesthat dock and undock automatically eachcarrying a cargo of food propellant andother supplies The ATVs also helped the ISSmaintain its attitude and remove waste forincineration in the atmosphere
Following the success of ATV and to offsetobligations towards ISS partners ESA isdeveloping the ATV-derived EuropeanService Module for the NASA Multi-Purpose
Crew Vehicle Orion
EXPLORING THE NEW FRONTIER
Space exploration is a great geopoliticalopportunity and those nations thatparticipate and contribute to a significantlevel in space exploration will shapethe current international principlesregulating the use of outer space ESAwill ensure that Europe plays a key rolein this future international explorationof space Through the exploitation ofthe ISS experience in human spaceflight
operations will be significantly increasedbut Europe has also been involved ininternational planning for explorationbeyond Earth orbit
These exploration plans focus on roboticmissions that will prepare the way subject toaffordability for human settlements on theMoon and the robotic exploration of MarsA long-term goal after 2030 could also bethe first human mission to Mars A seriesof manned and unmanned missions willtest and develop the technologies andknowledge that will get humans safely toMars and back These will require advancesin many areas such as guidance systemsrobotics radiation-hardening propulsionand life-support systems
WHERE MISSIONS COME ALIVE
Along with the European contribution to theISS including ATV production its scientificand technical utilisation and other humanspaceflight activities ESA also manages theflight operations of all it missions and theircorresponding ground segment elements
The International Space Station (NASAESA)
Studying space weather is a key element of Space Situational Awareness
larr ESOCs Main Control Room Darmstadt
0
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1316
The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)in Darmstadt Germany serves as the maincontrol centre for ESA missions and hoststhe Estrack Control Centre ndash which managesthe ESA tracking station network EstrackThis worldwide system of ground stationsprovides links between satellites in orbit and
ESOC with 10 stations in seven countries Theessential task of all ESA tracking stations isto communicate with our missions uplinkcommands and downlink scientific data andspacecraft status information
Based on experience since 1967 in controllingover 60 missions and the capability tomanage multiple spacecraft at once wealso provide our mission control expertise tooutside agencies and customers In additionto operating missions ESA provides world-class services to a variety of internal andexternal clients for space debris tracking and
collision alerts geodata analysis softwaredevelopment and navigation
SPACE FOR SECURITY
The Space Situational Awareness (SSA)initiative aims to provide Europe withservices to protect satellites and Earth Theinitiative supports Europersquos independentutilisation of space through provision oftimely and accurate information about thespace environment SSA will strengthenreliability availability and security ofEuropersquos space-based services It will be
coordinated with international partners andthe institutions of the European Union
European industry will benefit from newcontracts and world-class competitivecapabilities gained through development ofthe SSA infrastructure and services
darr ESA astronaut Hans Schlegel makes a spacewalk during the installation of the European Columbus laboratory on the ISS (NASA)
rarr EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
Vladimir Remek (CZ)Soyuz 28 1978
Miroslaw Hermaszewski (PL)Soyuz 30 1978
Siegmund Jaumlhn (DE)
Soyuz 31 1978
Georgi Ivanov (BG)Soyuz 33 1979
Bertalan Farkas (HU)Soyuz 36 1980
Dimitru Prunariu (RO)Soyuz 40 1981
Jean-Loup Chreacutetien (FR)Soyuz T-6 1982Soyuz TM-7 1988STS-86 1997
Ulf Merbold (DE)STS-9 1983
STS-42 1992Euromir 94Soyuz TM-20 1994
Patrick Baudry (FR)STS-51G 1985
Reinhard Furrer (DE)STS-61A 1985
Ernst Messerschmid (DE)STS-61A 1985
Wubbo Ockels (NL)STS-61A 1985
Alexander Alexandrov (BG)Soyuz TM-5 1988
Helen Sharman (GB)
Soyuz TM-12 1991
Franz Viehboumlck (AT)Soyuz TM-13 1991
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (DE)Soyuz TM-14 1992
Dirk Frimout (BE)STS-45 1992
Michel Tognini (FR) AntaregravesSoyuz TM-15 1992STS-93 1999
Franco Malerba (IT)STS-46 1992
Claude Nicollier (CH)STS-46 1992STS-61 1993STS-75 1996STS-103 1999
Hans Schlegel (DE)STS-55 1993STS-122 2008
Ulrich Walter (DE)STS-55 1993
Jean-Pierre Haignereacute (FR) AltairSoyuz TM-17 1993PerseusSoyuz TM-29 1999
Jean-Franccedilois Clervoy (FR)
STS-66 1994STS-84 1997STS-103 1999
Thomas Reiter (DE)Euromir 95Soyuz TM-22 19956 AstrolabSTS-121 2006
Maurizio Cheli (IT)STS-75 1996
Umberto Guidoni (IT)STS-75 1996STS-100 2001
Jean-Jaques Favier (FR)STS-78 1996
Claudie Haignereacute (FR)
CassiopeacuteeSoyuz TM-24 1996 AndromegravedeSoyuz TM-33 2001
Reinhold Ewald (DE)Soyuz TM-25 1997
Leacuteopold Eyharts (FR)PeacutegaseSoyuz TM-27 1998STS-122 2008
Pedro Duque (ES)STS-95 1998CervantesSoyuz TMA-3 2003
Ivan Bella (SL) Soyuz TM-29 1999
Gerhard Thiele (DE)STS-99 2000
Roberto Vittori (IT)Marco PoloSoyuz TM-34 2002EneideSoyuz TMA-6 2005DAMASTS-134 2011
Philippe Perrin (FR)STS-111 2002
Frank De Winne (BE)OdisseaSoyuz TMA-1 2002OasISSSoyuz TMA-15 2009
Andreacute Kuipers (NL)DeltaSoyuz TMA-4 2004
PromISSeSoyuz TMA-03M 2011
Christer Fuglesang (SE)CelsiusSTS-116 2006 AlisseacuteSTS-128 2009
Paolo Nespoli (IT)STS-120 2007MagISStraSoyuz TMA-20 2010
Luca Parmitano (IT)VolareSoyuz TMA-09M 2013
Alexander Gerst (DE)Blue DotSoyuz TMA-13M 2014
Samantha Cristoforetti (IT)FuturaSoyuz TMA-15M 2014
Andreas Mogensen (DK)
IrissSoyuz TMA-18M 2015
Timothy Peake (GB)PrincipiaSoyuz TMA-19M 2015
11
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1416
Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1516
ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1616
An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1116
launchers
rarr ACCESS TO SPACE
Self-sufficiency in sending satellites into orbit is vital for Europersquos independence in
space Since the beginning of the Ariane programme in 1973 a highly successful
series of launchers has been developed from Ariane 1 through to Ariane 5
The Ariane 5 heavy-lift launcher ensures thatEurope maintains its competitive edge in theglobal launcher market The current Ariane 5ECA can deliver almost 10 tonnes into thegeostationary transfer orbits needed for
many satellites
Smaller launchers are still needed to meetthe market for smaller satellites addinggreater flexibility to the range of Europeanlaunch capabilities ESA has developed Vegacapable of lifting up to 15 tonnes into lowEarth orbit and Russiarsquos medium-lift Soyuzvehicles are being launched from EuropersquosSpaceport at Kourou French Guiana
Today European launch services are themost reliable in the world But economicallyspeaking they operate in a commercial market
where competitors are heavily supportedby a guaranteed governmental market Tomeet this challenge of competitiveness ESAis developing the new Ariane 6 for a maidenflight in 2020 Ariane 6 will be a modular three-stage launcher with two configurations usingboosters in common with the Vega vehicle
For the future ESA is reviewing newtechnologies and propulsion systems withexperts from Europersquos research centres andaerospace industry to make access to spacesimpler and cheaper
EUROPErsquoS SPACEPORT
Situated between a rain forest and theAtlantic coast of South America Kourouin French Guiana has become a familiarvenue to space engineers and theircustomers from around the world It isthe home of the Guiana Space Centre ndashEuropersquos Spaceport
The high levels of efficiency safety andreliability at Europersquos Spaceport are wellknown In addition to its many European
clients the spaceport also undertakeslaunches for customers in the USA JapanCanada India and Brazil
When you launch a satellite any extraspeed gained from Earthrsquos rotation iswelcome This boost is strongest near theEquator so Kourou is the best placed of allthe worldrsquos major spaceports Spent rockets
fall safely into the open ocean and thesame is true for launchers sent northwardswhen different kinds of orbits are required
Developed by France in the late 1960sthe launch site is now used by ESA for itsAriane Vega and Soyuz rockets
rarr Launch of Ariane 5 ECA at Europersquos Spaceport
in French Guiana (ESACNESArianespace -
Optique Videacuteo du CSG)
rarr Europersquos growing launcher family
Vega Soyuz at CSG and Ariane 5 will soon
be joined by Ariane 6
9
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1216
human spaceflight amp operations
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE
European astronauts have been taking part in human spaceflight missions for
over three decades either flying on the US Space Shuttle or Russian Soyuz
spacecraft first to the Mir space station and then to the International Space
Station (ISS) gaining a wealth of experience
The first ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold flewinto space in 1983 In 1998 the EuropeanAstronaut Centre was established inGermany to prepare European astronauts for
missions to the ISS Many have already flownto the ISS playing a vital role in the assemblyand operation of key elements of the station
Today new astronauts have been selectedand are taking part in missions to the ISSand eventually future human spaceflightmissions beyond
EUROPE AND THE INTERNATIONALSPACE STATION
The ISS is easily visible to the naked eye as itflies 400 km overhead It is a masterpiece of
global cooperation uniting the USA RussiaJapan Canada and Europe in the largestpartnership in the history of science
Europersquos involvement in this partnershipthrough ESA continues to be a story ofmajor technical and scientific achievementIt has been a huge stimulus for Europeanindustry which has taken great stridesin the development and manufacture ofcutting-edge space systems and hardware
Europersquos key contribution is the multi-purpose science laboratory ColumbusHere scientists can send experiments to becarried out in weightless conditions Withthe ISS completed utilisation of this uniquefacility and the exploitation of the unrivalledopportunities it offers are well under way
ESA also provided the Automated TransferVehicle (ATV) ndash a series of unmanned ferriesthat dock and undock automatically eachcarrying a cargo of food propellant andother supplies The ATVs also helped the ISSmaintain its attitude and remove waste forincineration in the atmosphere
Following the success of ATV and to offsetobligations towards ISS partners ESA isdeveloping the ATV-derived EuropeanService Module for the NASA Multi-Purpose
Crew Vehicle Orion
EXPLORING THE NEW FRONTIER
Space exploration is a great geopoliticalopportunity and those nations thatparticipate and contribute to a significantlevel in space exploration will shapethe current international principlesregulating the use of outer space ESAwill ensure that Europe plays a key rolein this future international explorationof space Through the exploitation ofthe ISS experience in human spaceflight
operations will be significantly increasedbut Europe has also been involved ininternational planning for explorationbeyond Earth orbit
These exploration plans focus on roboticmissions that will prepare the way subject toaffordability for human settlements on theMoon and the robotic exploration of MarsA long-term goal after 2030 could also bethe first human mission to Mars A seriesof manned and unmanned missions willtest and develop the technologies andknowledge that will get humans safely toMars and back These will require advancesin many areas such as guidance systemsrobotics radiation-hardening propulsionand life-support systems
WHERE MISSIONS COME ALIVE
Along with the European contribution to theISS including ATV production its scientificand technical utilisation and other humanspaceflight activities ESA also manages theflight operations of all it missions and theircorresponding ground segment elements
The International Space Station (NASAESA)
Studying space weather is a key element of Space Situational Awareness
larr ESOCs Main Control Room Darmstadt
0
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1316
The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)in Darmstadt Germany serves as the maincontrol centre for ESA missions and hoststhe Estrack Control Centre ndash which managesthe ESA tracking station network EstrackThis worldwide system of ground stationsprovides links between satellites in orbit and
ESOC with 10 stations in seven countries Theessential task of all ESA tracking stations isto communicate with our missions uplinkcommands and downlink scientific data andspacecraft status information
Based on experience since 1967 in controllingover 60 missions and the capability tomanage multiple spacecraft at once wealso provide our mission control expertise tooutside agencies and customers In additionto operating missions ESA provides world-class services to a variety of internal andexternal clients for space debris tracking and
collision alerts geodata analysis softwaredevelopment and navigation
SPACE FOR SECURITY
The Space Situational Awareness (SSA)initiative aims to provide Europe withservices to protect satellites and Earth Theinitiative supports Europersquos independentutilisation of space through provision oftimely and accurate information about thespace environment SSA will strengthenreliability availability and security ofEuropersquos space-based services It will be
coordinated with international partners andthe institutions of the European Union
European industry will benefit from newcontracts and world-class competitivecapabilities gained through development ofthe SSA infrastructure and services
darr ESA astronaut Hans Schlegel makes a spacewalk during the installation of the European Columbus laboratory on the ISS (NASA)
rarr EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
Vladimir Remek (CZ)Soyuz 28 1978
Miroslaw Hermaszewski (PL)Soyuz 30 1978
Siegmund Jaumlhn (DE)
Soyuz 31 1978
Georgi Ivanov (BG)Soyuz 33 1979
Bertalan Farkas (HU)Soyuz 36 1980
Dimitru Prunariu (RO)Soyuz 40 1981
Jean-Loup Chreacutetien (FR)Soyuz T-6 1982Soyuz TM-7 1988STS-86 1997
Ulf Merbold (DE)STS-9 1983
STS-42 1992Euromir 94Soyuz TM-20 1994
Patrick Baudry (FR)STS-51G 1985
Reinhard Furrer (DE)STS-61A 1985
Ernst Messerschmid (DE)STS-61A 1985
Wubbo Ockels (NL)STS-61A 1985
Alexander Alexandrov (BG)Soyuz TM-5 1988
Helen Sharman (GB)
Soyuz TM-12 1991
Franz Viehboumlck (AT)Soyuz TM-13 1991
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (DE)Soyuz TM-14 1992
Dirk Frimout (BE)STS-45 1992
Michel Tognini (FR) AntaregravesSoyuz TM-15 1992STS-93 1999
Franco Malerba (IT)STS-46 1992
Claude Nicollier (CH)STS-46 1992STS-61 1993STS-75 1996STS-103 1999
Hans Schlegel (DE)STS-55 1993STS-122 2008
Ulrich Walter (DE)STS-55 1993
Jean-Pierre Haignereacute (FR) AltairSoyuz TM-17 1993PerseusSoyuz TM-29 1999
Jean-Franccedilois Clervoy (FR)
STS-66 1994STS-84 1997STS-103 1999
Thomas Reiter (DE)Euromir 95Soyuz TM-22 19956 AstrolabSTS-121 2006
Maurizio Cheli (IT)STS-75 1996
Umberto Guidoni (IT)STS-75 1996STS-100 2001
Jean-Jaques Favier (FR)STS-78 1996
Claudie Haignereacute (FR)
CassiopeacuteeSoyuz TM-24 1996 AndromegravedeSoyuz TM-33 2001
Reinhold Ewald (DE)Soyuz TM-25 1997
Leacuteopold Eyharts (FR)PeacutegaseSoyuz TM-27 1998STS-122 2008
Pedro Duque (ES)STS-95 1998CervantesSoyuz TMA-3 2003
Ivan Bella (SL) Soyuz TM-29 1999
Gerhard Thiele (DE)STS-99 2000
Roberto Vittori (IT)Marco PoloSoyuz TM-34 2002EneideSoyuz TMA-6 2005DAMASTS-134 2011
Philippe Perrin (FR)STS-111 2002
Frank De Winne (BE)OdisseaSoyuz TMA-1 2002OasISSSoyuz TMA-15 2009
Andreacute Kuipers (NL)DeltaSoyuz TMA-4 2004
PromISSeSoyuz TMA-03M 2011
Christer Fuglesang (SE)CelsiusSTS-116 2006 AlisseacuteSTS-128 2009
Paolo Nespoli (IT)STS-120 2007MagISStraSoyuz TMA-20 2010
Luca Parmitano (IT)VolareSoyuz TMA-09M 2013
Alexander Gerst (DE)Blue DotSoyuz TMA-13M 2014
Samantha Cristoforetti (IT)FuturaSoyuz TMA-15M 2014
Andreas Mogensen (DK)
IrissSoyuz TMA-18M 2015
Timothy Peake (GB)PrincipiaSoyuz TMA-19M 2015
11
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1416
Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1516
ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1616
An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1216
human spaceflight amp operations
rarr SPACE FOR LIFE
European astronauts have been taking part in human spaceflight missions for
over three decades either flying on the US Space Shuttle or Russian Soyuz
spacecraft first to the Mir space station and then to the International Space
Station (ISS) gaining a wealth of experience
The first ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold flewinto space in 1983 In 1998 the EuropeanAstronaut Centre was established inGermany to prepare European astronauts for
missions to the ISS Many have already flownto the ISS playing a vital role in the assemblyand operation of key elements of the station
Today new astronauts have been selectedand are taking part in missions to the ISSand eventually future human spaceflightmissions beyond
EUROPE AND THE INTERNATIONALSPACE STATION
The ISS is easily visible to the naked eye as itflies 400 km overhead It is a masterpiece of
global cooperation uniting the USA RussiaJapan Canada and Europe in the largestpartnership in the history of science
Europersquos involvement in this partnershipthrough ESA continues to be a story ofmajor technical and scientific achievementIt has been a huge stimulus for Europeanindustry which has taken great stridesin the development and manufacture ofcutting-edge space systems and hardware
Europersquos key contribution is the multi-purpose science laboratory ColumbusHere scientists can send experiments to becarried out in weightless conditions Withthe ISS completed utilisation of this uniquefacility and the exploitation of the unrivalledopportunities it offers are well under way
ESA also provided the Automated TransferVehicle (ATV) ndash a series of unmanned ferriesthat dock and undock automatically eachcarrying a cargo of food propellant andother supplies The ATVs also helped the ISSmaintain its attitude and remove waste forincineration in the atmosphere
Following the success of ATV and to offsetobligations towards ISS partners ESA isdeveloping the ATV-derived EuropeanService Module for the NASA Multi-Purpose
Crew Vehicle Orion
EXPLORING THE NEW FRONTIER
Space exploration is a great geopoliticalopportunity and those nations thatparticipate and contribute to a significantlevel in space exploration will shapethe current international principlesregulating the use of outer space ESAwill ensure that Europe plays a key rolein this future international explorationof space Through the exploitation ofthe ISS experience in human spaceflight
operations will be significantly increasedbut Europe has also been involved ininternational planning for explorationbeyond Earth orbit
These exploration plans focus on roboticmissions that will prepare the way subject toaffordability for human settlements on theMoon and the robotic exploration of MarsA long-term goal after 2030 could also bethe first human mission to Mars A seriesof manned and unmanned missions willtest and develop the technologies andknowledge that will get humans safely toMars and back These will require advancesin many areas such as guidance systemsrobotics radiation-hardening propulsionand life-support systems
WHERE MISSIONS COME ALIVE
Along with the European contribution to theISS including ATV production its scientificand technical utilisation and other humanspaceflight activities ESA also manages theflight operations of all it missions and theircorresponding ground segment elements
The International Space Station (NASAESA)
Studying space weather is a key element of Space Situational Awareness
larr ESOCs Main Control Room Darmstadt
0
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1316
The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)in Darmstadt Germany serves as the maincontrol centre for ESA missions and hoststhe Estrack Control Centre ndash which managesthe ESA tracking station network EstrackThis worldwide system of ground stationsprovides links between satellites in orbit and
ESOC with 10 stations in seven countries Theessential task of all ESA tracking stations isto communicate with our missions uplinkcommands and downlink scientific data andspacecraft status information
Based on experience since 1967 in controllingover 60 missions and the capability tomanage multiple spacecraft at once wealso provide our mission control expertise tooutside agencies and customers In additionto operating missions ESA provides world-class services to a variety of internal andexternal clients for space debris tracking and
collision alerts geodata analysis softwaredevelopment and navigation
SPACE FOR SECURITY
The Space Situational Awareness (SSA)initiative aims to provide Europe withservices to protect satellites and Earth Theinitiative supports Europersquos independentutilisation of space through provision oftimely and accurate information about thespace environment SSA will strengthenreliability availability and security ofEuropersquos space-based services It will be
coordinated with international partners andthe institutions of the European Union
European industry will benefit from newcontracts and world-class competitivecapabilities gained through development ofthe SSA infrastructure and services
darr ESA astronaut Hans Schlegel makes a spacewalk during the installation of the European Columbus laboratory on the ISS (NASA)
rarr EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
Vladimir Remek (CZ)Soyuz 28 1978
Miroslaw Hermaszewski (PL)Soyuz 30 1978
Siegmund Jaumlhn (DE)
Soyuz 31 1978
Georgi Ivanov (BG)Soyuz 33 1979
Bertalan Farkas (HU)Soyuz 36 1980
Dimitru Prunariu (RO)Soyuz 40 1981
Jean-Loup Chreacutetien (FR)Soyuz T-6 1982Soyuz TM-7 1988STS-86 1997
Ulf Merbold (DE)STS-9 1983
STS-42 1992Euromir 94Soyuz TM-20 1994
Patrick Baudry (FR)STS-51G 1985
Reinhard Furrer (DE)STS-61A 1985
Ernst Messerschmid (DE)STS-61A 1985
Wubbo Ockels (NL)STS-61A 1985
Alexander Alexandrov (BG)Soyuz TM-5 1988
Helen Sharman (GB)
Soyuz TM-12 1991
Franz Viehboumlck (AT)Soyuz TM-13 1991
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (DE)Soyuz TM-14 1992
Dirk Frimout (BE)STS-45 1992
Michel Tognini (FR) AntaregravesSoyuz TM-15 1992STS-93 1999
Franco Malerba (IT)STS-46 1992
Claude Nicollier (CH)STS-46 1992STS-61 1993STS-75 1996STS-103 1999
Hans Schlegel (DE)STS-55 1993STS-122 2008
Ulrich Walter (DE)STS-55 1993
Jean-Pierre Haignereacute (FR) AltairSoyuz TM-17 1993PerseusSoyuz TM-29 1999
Jean-Franccedilois Clervoy (FR)
STS-66 1994STS-84 1997STS-103 1999
Thomas Reiter (DE)Euromir 95Soyuz TM-22 19956 AstrolabSTS-121 2006
Maurizio Cheli (IT)STS-75 1996
Umberto Guidoni (IT)STS-75 1996STS-100 2001
Jean-Jaques Favier (FR)STS-78 1996
Claudie Haignereacute (FR)
CassiopeacuteeSoyuz TM-24 1996 AndromegravedeSoyuz TM-33 2001
Reinhold Ewald (DE)Soyuz TM-25 1997
Leacuteopold Eyharts (FR)PeacutegaseSoyuz TM-27 1998STS-122 2008
Pedro Duque (ES)STS-95 1998CervantesSoyuz TMA-3 2003
Ivan Bella (SL) Soyuz TM-29 1999
Gerhard Thiele (DE)STS-99 2000
Roberto Vittori (IT)Marco PoloSoyuz TM-34 2002EneideSoyuz TMA-6 2005DAMASTS-134 2011
Philippe Perrin (FR)STS-111 2002
Frank De Winne (BE)OdisseaSoyuz TMA-1 2002OasISSSoyuz TMA-15 2009
Andreacute Kuipers (NL)DeltaSoyuz TMA-4 2004
PromISSeSoyuz TMA-03M 2011
Christer Fuglesang (SE)CelsiusSTS-116 2006 AlisseacuteSTS-128 2009
Paolo Nespoli (IT)STS-120 2007MagISStraSoyuz TMA-20 2010
Luca Parmitano (IT)VolareSoyuz TMA-09M 2013
Alexander Gerst (DE)Blue DotSoyuz TMA-13M 2014
Samantha Cristoforetti (IT)FuturaSoyuz TMA-15M 2014
Andreas Mogensen (DK)
IrissSoyuz TMA-18M 2015
Timothy Peake (GB)PrincipiaSoyuz TMA-19M 2015
11
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1416
Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1516
ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1616
An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1316
The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)in Darmstadt Germany serves as the maincontrol centre for ESA missions and hoststhe Estrack Control Centre ndash which managesthe ESA tracking station network EstrackThis worldwide system of ground stationsprovides links between satellites in orbit and
ESOC with 10 stations in seven countries Theessential task of all ESA tracking stations isto communicate with our missions uplinkcommands and downlink scientific data andspacecraft status information
Based on experience since 1967 in controllingover 60 missions and the capability tomanage multiple spacecraft at once wealso provide our mission control expertise tooutside agencies and customers In additionto operating missions ESA provides world-class services to a variety of internal andexternal clients for space debris tracking and
collision alerts geodata analysis softwaredevelopment and navigation
SPACE FOR SECURITY
The Space Situational Awareness (SSA)initiative aims to provide Europe withservices to protect satellites and Earth Theinitiative supports Europersquos independentutilisation of space through provision oftimely and accurate information about thespace environment SSA will strengthenreliability availability and security ofEuropersquos space-based services It will be
coordinated with international partners andthe institutions of the European Union
European industry will benefit from newcontracts and world-class competitivecapabilities gained through development ofthe SSA infrastructure and services
darr ESA astronaut Hans Schlegel makes a spacewalk during the installation of the European Columbus laboratory on the ISS (NASA)
rarr EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
Vladimir Remek (CZ)Soyuz 28 1978
Miroslaw Hermaszewski (PL)Soyuz 30 1978
Siegmund Jaumlhn (DE)
Soyuz 31 1978
Georgi Ivanov (BG)Soyuz 33 1979
Bertalan Farkas (HU)Soyuz 36 1980
Dimitru Prunariu (RO)Soyuz 40 1981
Jean-Loup Chreacutetien (FR)Soyuz T-6 1982Soyuz TM-7 1988STS-86 1997
Ulf Merbold (DE)STS-9 1983
STS-42 1992Euromir 94Soyuz TM-20 1994
Patrick Baudry (FR)STS-51G 1985
Reinhard Furrer (DE)STS-61A 1985
Ernst Messerschmid (DE)STS-61A 1985
Wubbo Ockels (NL)STS-61A 1985
Alexander Alexandrov (BG)Soyuz TM-5 1988
Helen Sharman (GB)
Soyuz TM-12 1991
Franz Viehboumlck (AT)Soyuz TM-13 1991
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (DE)Soyuz TM-14 1992
Dirk Frimout (BE)STS-45 1992
Michel Tognini (FR) AntaregravesSoyuz TM-15 1992STS-93 1999
Franco Malerba (IT)STS-46 1992
Claude Nicollier (CH)STS-46 1992STS-61 1993STS-75 1996STS-103 1999
Hans Schlegel (DE)STS-55 1993STS-122 2008
Ulrich Walter (DE)STS-55 1993
Jean-Pierre Haignereacute (FR) AltairSoyuz TM-17 1993PerseusSoyuz TM-29 1999
Jean-Franccedilois Clervoy (FR)
STS-66 1994STS-84 1997STS-103 1999
Thomas Reiter (DE)Euromir 95Soyuz TM-22 19956 AstrolabSTS-121 2006
Maurizio Cheli (IT)STS-75 1996
Umberto Guidoni (IT)STS-75 1996STS-100 2001
Jean-Jaques Favier (FR)STS-78 1996
Claudie Haignereacute (FR)
CassiopeacuteeSoyuz TM-24 1996 AndromegravedeSoyuz TM-33 2001
Reinhold Ewald (DE)Soyuz TM-25 1997
Leacuteopold Eyharts (FR)PeacutegaseSoyuz TM-27 1998STS-122 2008
Pedro Duque (ES)STS-95 1998CervantesSoyuz TMA-3 2003
Ivan Bella (SL) Soyuz TM-29 1999
Gerhard Thiele (DE)STS-99 2000
Roberto Vittori (IT)Marco PoloSoyuz TM-34 2002EneideSoyuz TMA-6 2005DAMASTS-134 2011
Philippe Perrin (FR)STS-111 2002
Frank De Winne (BE)OdisseaSoyuz TMA-1 2002OasISSSoyuz TMA-15 2009
Andreacute Kuipers (NL)DeltaSoyuz TMA-4 2004
PromISSeSoyuz TMA-03M 2011
Christer Fuglesang (SE)CelsiusSTS-116 2006 AlisseacuteSTS-128 2009
Paolo Nespoli (IT)STS-120 2007MagISStraSoyuz TMA-20 2010
Luca Parmitano (IT)VolareSoyuz TMA-09M 2013
Alexander Gerst (DE)Blue DotSoyuz TMA-13M 2014
Samantha Cristoforetti (IT)FuturaSoyuz TMA-15M 2014
Andreas Mogensen (DK)
IrissSoyuz TMA-18M 2015
Timothy Peake (GB)PrincipiaSoyuz TMA-19M 2015
11
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1416
Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1516
ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1616
An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1416
Young people are always fascinated by spaceexploration It can capture their imaginationpropelling them into a multitude of scientific
and technological careers
ESA draws on this curiosity to helpstimulate a wider interest encouragingan increasingly knowledge-based societyin Europe by motivating youngsters toenhance their literacy in science andtechnology Generating an interest at anearly age is important because the futuredevelopment of space will depend on these
young scientists and engineers
Together with partners ESA supportsteachers to tackle space-related subjects
THE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF TOMORROW
through specific programmes and projectsHigher education students get thechance to meet the experts ndash including
astronauts ndash and gain hands-on experiencein designing space experiments We alsoencourage students from different Europeanuniversities to network preparing themto become the skilled and knowledgeableworkforce of tomorrow
Education activities also support the ESArecruitment process through a unique setof projects These range from designingsmall satellites to initiatives that fosterthe transfer of ESA knowhow and provideacademic support to research of interestto ESA
ESArsquoS BUDGET BY PROGRAMME IN 2015 (MEURO)
includes Third Party Activities
Space programmes need resources This means funds people and expertiseESA employs around 2200 permanent staff spread among its main centresand smaller offices around the world
2
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1516
ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1616
An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1516
ESArsquoS 22 MEMBER STATES ARE
20 states of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Czech RepublicDenmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
NetherlandsPoland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
plus Norway and Switzerland
Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with
ESA Bulgaria Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Slovakiaand Slovenia Discussions are ongoing with Croatia
Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-
standing Cooperation Agreement
headquartersLocated in Paris home to the main programme
directorates that steer and formulate ESA policy
estec
The European Space Research and TechnologyCentre Noordwijk the Netherlands is the largest
site and the technical heart of ESA
esrinESArsquos centre for Earth observation activities near
Rome Italy also develops information systems
and hosts the Vega launcher project
guiana space centreESArsquos launchers lift off from Europersquos Spaceport in
Kourou French Guiana It is jointly operated by the
French space agency (CNES) and Arianespace with
the support of European industry
redu
Redu Centre in Belgium is part of ESArsquos groundstation network and is also home to ESAs Space
Weather Data Centre
esacThe European Space Astronomy Centre near
Madrid Spain hosts the science operation centres
and archives for ESArsquos astronomy and planetary
missions
eacThe European Astronaut Centre Cologne Germany
trains astronauts for missions to the International
Space Station and beyond
ecsatECSAT in Oxfordshire UK supports activities related
to telecommunications integrated applications
climate change technology and science
esocThe European Space Operations Centre Darmstadt
Germany tracks and controls European spacecraft
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1616
An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900
8202019 All About ESA Space Fro Europe
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullall-about-esa-space-fro-europe 1616
An ESA Communications ProductionCopyright copy 2015 European Space Agency
CONTACT
ESA HQ
France
+33 1 53 69 76 54
ESTEC
The Netherlands
+31 71 565 6565
ESOC
Germany
+49 6151 900
ESRIN
Italy
+39 06 941 801
ESAC
Spain+34 91 813 1100
EAC
Germany
+49 2203 6001 111
ESA Redu
Belgium
+32 61 229512
ECSAT
United Kingdom+44 1235 567900