Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics

H Advanced Chemistry / OrganicUnit 5

Objective #1 Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

A. Alkenes*recall the key functional group of an alkene C=C*general formula CnH2n

*rules of naming:follow the general practices for the naming of

alkaneslocate longest chain that contains double bondgive double bond lowest numbersuffix of name ends in ene(examples)

Objective #1 Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

A. Alkynes*recall the key functional group of an alkyne C=C*general formula CnH2n-2

*rules of naming:follow the general practices for the naming of

alkaneslocate longest chain that contains triple bondgive triple bond lowest numbersuffix of name ends in yne(examples)

Objective #1 Nomenclature of Aromatics

Objective #2 Drawing Condensed Structural Formulas for Aromatics, Alkenes, and Alkynes

Objective #3 Sources and Properties of Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics

A. SourcesPetroleum; found in products such as

plastics, fabrics, drugs, medicines, dyes, explosives, and misc. polymers

B. Physical Properties*similar to alkanesC. Chemical Properties*more reactive than alkanes

Obj. #4 Reactions involving Alkenes and Alkynes

A. Preparing Alkenes1. Dehydration Reaction*involves the removal of water(examples)2. Dehydrohalogenation*dehydrohalogenation refers to the removal of a

halogen(examples)B. Preparing Alkynes(examples)

Obj. #4 Reactions involving Alkenes and Alkynes

C. Reactions involving Alkenes and Alkynes1. Combustion (reaction with oxygen to form

carbon dioxide and water)(examples)2. Hydrogenation (reaction with hydrogen to

form an alkane)(examples)3. Addition of a Halogen (Halogenation)Example: CH2=CHCH3 + HBr -2 products possible

Obj. #4 Reactions involving Alkenes and Alkynes

CH3CHCH3 or BrCH2CH2CH3

| BrMarkovnikov’s Rule states that the carbon on the

double bond with the most hydrogen gets the hydrogen

(examples)5. Addition of water (Hydration)(reaction of alkene with water to form an alcohol;

alkyne with water forms a ketone)(examples)

Obj. #4 Reactions involving Aromatics

*primarily undergo substitution reactionsTypes:Halogenation (reacts with a halogen to form a

benzene halogen derivative)Nitration (reacts with nitric acid to form

nitrobenzene)Alkylation (reacts with alkyl halide to produced alkyl

benzene derivative)Sulfonation (reacts with sulfuric acid to form

benzene sulfonic acid)(examples)