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AlkanesAlkanes
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SORACHAI SAE LIM
SORACHAI SAELIM
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SORACHAI SAELIM
Physical Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Boiling points of unbranched alkanes increase smoothly with Boiling points of unbranched alkanes increase smoothly with number of carbons
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Constitutional isomers have different physical properties (melting point, boiling point, densities etc.)
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จงเรียงลําดับจดุเดือดของสารตอไปนี้จากมากไปหานอย
3,3-dimethylpentane, n-heptane, 2-methylheptane,
t 2 th lhn-pentane, 2-methylhexane
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Synthesis of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
H d ti f Alk d Alk-Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Alkynes
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ี่ G h S l d C i F hl O i Ch i t ed(ทีมา: Graham Solomon and Craig Fryhle, Organic Chemistry, 7ed)
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Reduction of Alkyl Halides
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-Radical Reactions
Production of Radicals-Homolysis of relatively weak bonds such as O-O or X-X bonds can occur with addition of energy in the form of heat or light
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The relative stabilities of radicals follows the same trend as for carbocations
-The most substituted radical is most stable
R di l l d fi i b i -Radicals are electron deficient, as are carbocations, and are therefore also stabilized by hyperconjugation
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The entire mechanism is shown below
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Br2 , light
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Br2 , light
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l i i f i d hl iSelectivity of Bromine and Chlorine
Bromine is much less reactive but more selective than chlorine in radical halogenation
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Combustion reaction
CnH2n+2 + O2 CO2 + H2O
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