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Alkane, Alkene, Alkynes and Cycloalkanes page 5 A. 1)
CH3
CH3
2) CH4
H
H H
H
or
3. CH3
CH3
4)
CH3
CH3
5) CH CH
6) CH
CH3 7)
CCH3
H
H
H
CH3H
H
H
or
8) CH
CH
9)
CH CH
10)
CH3H
H H
11)
CH3
CH3
CH3
12)
CH3
CH3
CH3
13)
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
14)
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
2 15)
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
16)
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
17)
I
CH3
I
18) F
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
19)
CH3
CH3
20)
CH3
CH3
21)
CH3
CH3
CH3
22)
I
I
CH3
23)
CH3
24)
Cl
Cl
CH3
CH3
25)
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
B. Name the following:
1. propane 2. nonane 3. hex-1-ene 4. non-1-yne 5. dec-3-yne
3
6. buta-1,3-diene 7. hepta-2,4-diyne 8. deca-1,3,5-triyne 9. 3,7-diethylnon-3-ene 10. 3-ethylhept-1-ene 11. 5-ethyl-5-methylhept-1-ene 12. 3,3-dimethylhexa-1,4-diyne 13. 1-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane 14. 2,2-dichlorohexane 15. 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane 16. 3,4-diethylheptane 17. 4-ethyl-3,3-dimethylheptane 18. 1,2-difluorocyclopentane 19. 1,4-dibromo-4-methylhex-2-yne 20. cyclohexane 21. 3,3-dibromo-6-cyclopropylcyclohex-1-ene (IN CYCLO :since only 1 of high priority(DB), in
cyclo the number 1 will follow that high priority, so in some books they don’t put the number. BUT YOU SHOULD FOR NOW: some books will do 3,3-dibromo-6-cyclopropylcyclohexene)
22. 1-ethyl-2,3,4-trimethylcyclobuta-1,3-diene 23. 1,6-dimethylcycloocta-1,3,6-triene 24. 2,2-dicyclopropylhexane
C. Hydrocarbons (You just need to come up with a possible name. Numbers are not necessary with the names)
1. heptane 2. ethane 3. pent-1-yne or cyclopentene 4. but-1-ene or cyclobutane 5. deca-1,2,3-triene, cyclodecadiene or cyclodecyne 6. cyclononene, non-1-yne or nona-1,2-diene 7. hexane 8. prop-1-yne, cyclopropene 9. C3H6 10. C7H16 11. C9H18 12. C10H18 13. C10H22 14. C12H22 15. C6H12 16. C5H11Cl (Cl just takes the place of one hydrogen…5 carbons with all single bonds would normally
have 12 hydrogen) 17. C8H14 18. C7H8 Isomer Practice
Structural isomer questions
1.
CH3 CH3
CH3CH3
CH3
CH3
2-methylpentane 3-methylpentane
4 2. .
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
2,2-dimethylpentane 2,3-dimethylpentane 2,4-dimethylpentane 3,3-dimethylpentane
3. .
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3 2-methylheptane 3-methylheptane 4-methylheptane
CH3
CH3
CH3CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3CH3
CH3
CH3
2,2-dimethylhexane 2,3-dimethylhexane 2,4-dimethylhexane 2,5-dimethylhexane
CH3CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3CH3
CH3
CH3CH3 CH3
CH3
3,3-dimethylhexane 3,4-dimethylhexane 3-ethylhexane
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
2,2,3-trimethylpentane 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2,3,3-trimethylpentane 2,3,4-trimethylpentane 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
CH3CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane
4. .
CH3
Cl CH3CH3
ClCH3 CH3
Cl
1-chloropentane 2-chloropentane 3-chloropentane
5
CH3Cl
CH3
CH3Cl
CH3
CH3
CH3
Cl
CH3
1-chloro-2-methylbutane 1-chloro-3-methylbutane 2-chloro-2-methylbutane
CH3CH3
Cl
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
Cl
2-chloro-3-methylbutane 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane
5. .
CH3
CH3
CH3
Cl
Cl
CH3
CH3
Cl
Cl
1,1-dichloro-2,2-dimethylpropane 1,3-dichloro-2,2-dimethylpropane
6. .
CHCH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3 1-hexyne 2-hexyne 3-hexyne
CHCH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3 CH
CH3
CH3
CH3
4-methyl-1-pentyne 4-methyl-2-pentyne 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyne
Geometrical isomer questions
1. Draw the following structure. a.
CH3
CH3H
H b.
CH3
CH3
6
c.
CH3
CH3
CH3
H
H
d.
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
H
H
e.
CH
CH3 f.
CH3 CH3
H
H
CH3 2. Which of the following can exhibit geometrical isomerism?
a. 1-pentene NO b. 2-methyl-3-hexene YES c. 2-methyl-2-pentene NO d. 4-nonyne NO e. 1-chloro-1-propene YES f. 3-ethyl-3-decene NO g. cyclobutane NO h. 2,3-dibromo-2-pentene YES
3.Name the following: a. cis-hept-2-ene b. 1,1,2-trichlorohex-1-ene c. Cis-1-fluorobut-1-ene d. Trans-hept-3-ene e. Trans-3-methylpent-2-ene f. 2-ethyl-1,1-difluorobut-1-ene g. 1,1,2-tribromoethene h. trans-hex-2-ene i. trans-dec-5-ene j. 2,3,4-trimethylpent-2-ene k. Trans-4,5-dichloro-3-methyloct-4-ene l. Cis-hex-3-ene m. Trans-1,2-dibromo-1-chloro-2-fluoroethene n. 3-ethyl-2-methylpent-2-ene
#4
a) CH3 CH3
H H
b)
H
CH3
HCH3
c)
CH3
H
F
H
F
d)
CH3
CH3
Cl
Cl
e)
CH3
H
H
H
f)
CH3
CH3
H H
CH3
CH3
g)
CH3
CH3Br
Br
h) H
CH3
H
CH3 CH3
F
i) j)
CH3
H
I
I
Cl
Cl
H
H
H
H
Aromatic hydrocarbons questions
a. . Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl b. .
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl c.
In resonance structures only the position of the double bond changes therefore the name does not change. Structural isomers have a different arrangement of atoms leading to different names.
d. .
e. .
f. .
7. Name the following: a. propylbenzene b. 4-chloro-1,2-dimethylbenzene c. Hexamethylbenzene
d. 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene e. 1-ethyl-2,4-dimethylbenzene f. 1,4-dibromocyclohexane
8. Draw the following:
a.
b.
CH3
CH3 c.
Cl
Cl
CH3
d.
Br
e. F
CH3
f.
CH3
CH3
CH3
Alchohols, Aldehydes and Ketones Practice page 11
A. Draw the following: 1.
OH
CH3
2. OH
OH
CH3
3.
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
OH
4.
CH3
CH3
CH3
OH
OH
5. CH3
CH3
OH
H
6.
CH3
OH
7.
OH
F
H
H
8.
CH3
OH
9.
CH3
CH3
OH
10 OH
Cl
11.
CH3
O
H
12.
CH3
O
H
CH3
13.
CH3O
H
14.
CH3
O
H
H
H
15.
O
H
16.
O O
H H
H H
17.
OH
O
H
18.
H
CH3
O
H
H
CH3
19.
CH3
O
H
H
H
20.
CH3
O
H
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
21.
CH3 CH3
O
22.
CH3
O
CH3
CH3
23.
O
CH3
24.
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
O
25.
CH3
CH3
CH3
HO
26. O
Cl
27.
CH3
CH3
CH3
O
CH3
28.
CH
O
CH3
CH3
CH3
29.
CH3 CH3
O O
Cl
Cl
Cl
30.
CH3
O
CH3
B. Name the following:
1. hexan-2-ol 2. 3-methylheptan-4-ol 3. 2-methyl-2-propylheptan-1-ol 4. pentane-2,2-diol 5. but-1-en-2-ol 6. cyclopent-2-ene-1,2-diol 7. 2-ethyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentan-1-ol 8. Trans-dec-5-ene-3,8-diol 9. 2-pentylcyclopropanol 10. trans-oct-4-en-4-ol 11. hexanal 12. 2-ethyl-4,5-dimethylheptanal 13. 2,4-dimethylhexanal 14. hex-4-ynal 15. 2,2-dimethylpentanedial 16. 4-ethyl-3-methylhex-3-enal 17. 2,2,4-trimethylhept-5-ynal 18. 2-cyclobutyl-3-methylbutanal 19. cis-2-methylpent-3-enal 20. 8-hydroxy-3-methyloctanal 21. Pentan-2-one 22. 4-ethylheptan-2-one 23. 2,2-dimethylcyclopentanone 24. 4-ethyl-4-methyloctan-2-one 25. hexane-2,4-dione 26. 4-hydroxybutan-2-one 27. 5,5-dicyclopropylhexan-3-one 28. trans-3-methylhex-4-en-2-one 29. 5,5,8-trimethylnona-1,8-dien-3-one 30. 7-hydroxy-5,5-dimethylheptan-2-one
C. Isomers: 1. Draw and name all the isomers for C5H11CHO 1. hexanal
CH3
O
H
2. 2-methylpentanal
CH3
O
H
CH3 3. 3-methylpentanal
CH3
O
H
CH3
4. 4-methylpentanal
CH3
O
H
CH3
5. 2,2-dimethylbutanal
CH3
O
H CH3
CH3
6. 2,3-dimethylbutanal
CH3
O
H
CH3
CH3
7. 3,3-dimethylbutanal
CH3
O
H
CH3
CH3
8. 2-ethylbutanal
CH3O
H
CH3
2. Draw and name all the isomers for C4H9OH 1. butan-1-ol
s
2. butan-2-ol
CH3
CH3
OH
3. 2-methylpropan-1-ol
CH3
CH3
OH
4. 2-methylpropan-2-ol OH
CH3
CH3CH3
3. Draw and name all the isomers for a ketone with 5 carbons, 1 oxygen and 8 hydrogen.
1. pent-4-en-2-one
CH3
H
H
O
H
2. pent-1-en-3-one CH3
H
HH
O
3. cis-pent-3-en-2-one (you can also draw trans) Cis and trans are geometrical isomers NOT structural isomers. Therefore cis-3-penten-2-one and trans-3-penten-2-one are the same structural isomers.
CH3
CH3
HH
O
4. 3-methylbut-3-en-2-one
CH3
CH3
H
H
O
5. cyclopentanone
O
6. 2-methylcyclobutanone CH3O
7. 3-methylcyclobutanone
O CH3
8. 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanone
CH3
CH3O
9. 2,3-dimethylcyclopropanone
CH3
CH3
O
10. 2-ethylcyclopropanone
CH3
O
11. cyclopropylethanone CH3
O
Part D Alcohols and Aldehydes
1. Ethanol 2. Butanal 3. Pentenol 4. Nonenal 5. Pentenal 6. C4H9OH 7. C7H15CHO 8. C9H19OH 9. C4H7OH 10. C4H7CHO
11. C5H7OH 12. C7H11CHO Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amides Page 12
A. Draw the following compounds. 1.
CH3
O
OH
CH3
2.
CH3
O
OH
FF
3.
H
O
OH
CH3 H
4.
Br
O
OH
Br
F
5.
CH3
CH3
CH3
O
OH
6.
CH3
CH3
CH3O
OH
7.
CH3
O
OH
H H
8.
CH3O
OHCl
Cl
H
H
9.
O
OH
H H
10. O
OH H
11.
CH3 O
O
CH3
12.
CH3
O
O
CH3
H
H
13.
CH3 O
O
H
H
F
F
14.
CH3
O
O
CH
15.
CH3
O
O
CHF
F
16.
CH3
O
O
CH3
17.
CH3
O
O
H
H
CH3
18.
O
O H
H
CH3
19.
O
O CH3
Br
Br
20.
CH3O
O
CH3
CH3 H
H 21.
CH3
O
NH2
22.
CH3
O
NH2
H H 23.
CH3
O
NH2
Br
Br
24. O
NH2 H
25.
CH3
CH3CH3
O
NH2
26.
CHO
NH2
27.
CH3
O
NCH3
H
28.
H
O
NH2
H
CH3
CH3
CH3
29.
CH3
Br
Br
O
N
CH3
CH3
30. O
NH2H
H
F
F
B. Name the following compounds. 1. pentanoic acid 2. 3-ethylpent-2-enoic acid 3. cis-pent-2-enoic acid 4. trans-hex-3-enoic acid 5. cis-3,4-diiodobut-3-enoic acid 6. trans-hex-2-enoic acid 7. 3-cyclopropylbutanoic acid 8. ethanoic acid 9. 4-methylpent-2-ynoic acid 10. 5-methylhex-4-enoic acid 11. butyl propanoate 12. methyl 3-methylbut-2-enoate 13. methyl ethanoate 14. methyl buta-2,3-dienoate 15. ethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate 16. methyl 3-cyclopropylpropanoate 17. methyl trans-4-cyclopropylbut-3-enoate 18. methyl but-3-ynoate 19. methyl cis-but-2-enoate 20. methyl trans-2-methylbut-2-enoate 21. ethanamide 22. but-3-enamide 23. 3-methylbut-3-enamide 24. 4,4-dibromobut-2-ynamide 25. trans-4-cyclopropylpent-2-enamide 26. trans-hex-2-enediamide 27. N-methylbutanamide 28. N,N-dimethylprop-2-enamide 29. trans-pent-2-enamide 30. trans-N-ethylbut-2-enamide
C.
1. Draw and name all the isomers for C6H13COOH heptanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
2-methylhexanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
CH3 3-methylhexanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
CH3
4-methylhexanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
CH3
5-methylhexanoic acid
CH3O
OH CH3
2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
CH3
CH3 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
CH3
CH3
2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
CH3 CH3
3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
CH3
CH3
3,4-dimethylpentanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
CH3
CH3
4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
CH3
CH3
2-ethylpentanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
CH3
3-ethylpentanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
CH3
2,2,3-trimethylbutanoic acid
CH3
O
OH CH3
CH3CH3
2,3,3-trimethylbutanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
CH3
CH3
CH3
2-ethyl-2-methylbutanoic acid
CH3
O
OH
CH3
CH3
2-ethyl-3-methylbutanoic acid CH3
CH3
CH3
O
OH
Total: 17 isomers!!
2. Draw and name all the isomers for C4H9CONH2
Pentanamide
CH3
O
NH2
2-methylbutanamide
CH3
O
NH2
CH3
3-methylbutanamide
CH3
O
NH2
CH3
2,2-dimethylpropanamide
CH3
O
NH2
CH3
CH3
N-methylbutanamide
CH3
O
N
CH3
H
N,N-dimethylpropanamide
CH3
O
N
CH3
CH3
N-ethylpropanamide
CH3
O
N CH3
H
N-ethyl-N-methylethanamide
CH3
O
N
CH3
CH3 N,N-diethylmethanamide
O
N
CH3
CH3
H
N-propylethanamide
CH3
O
N
CH3
H
N-methyl-N-propylmethanamide
O
N
CH3CH3
H
N-butylmethanamide
O
N
CH3
HH
N,2-dimethylpropanamide
CH3
CH3
O
N
CH3
H
Difficult Ones!! N-(1-methylethyl)ethanamide or N-isopropylethanamide
CH3
O
N
CH3
CH3
H
N-(1-methylpropyl)methanamide or N-sec-butylmethanamide
O
N
CH3
CH3
H
H
N-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)methanamide or N-isopropyl-N-methylethanamide
O
N
CH3
CH3
CH3
H
N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)methanamide or N-tert-butylmethanamide
O
N
CH3
CH3
CH3
H
H
N-(2-methylpropyl)methanamide or N-isobutylmethanamide
O
N
CH3
CH3
H
H
Amines, Ethers, Nitro and Reaction Practice Page 17
A. Draw the following:
1.
CH3
CH3
NH2
CH3
CH3
2.
NH2
3.
CH3NH2
CH3
CH3
4.
CH3
NH2
O
5.
CH3
O
O
CH3
NH2
6. O
H
CH3
CH3
NH2
7.
CH3
N
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
8.
CH3
O
CH3O
CH3
9.
CH3
O
CH3
10.
O
OH
CH3
O
CH3
O
CH3
11.
O
CH3
12.
CH3
CH3
NO2
13.
CH3
CH3
O
14.
O
NCH3 O
CH3
H
B. Name the following: 1. pentan-3-amine 2. N-methylbutan-2-amine 3. 6-aminohexan-2-ol 4. Trans-hept-4-en-3-amine 5. 2-amino-6-cyclopropyloctanoic acid 6. 5-methylheptane-2,2,5-triamine 7. N-ethyl-N-methyl-1-nitrobutan-2-amine 8. 1-ethyoxybutane 9. 2-propoxypentanamide 10. butyl 2-methoxypropanoate 11. ethyl cis-hept-5-enoate 12. 3,3-dimethoxycyclopentanone 13. 1,3,5-triethoxybenzene 14. 4-ethoxy-4-nitrohepta-1,6-diene
C. Carboxylic Acids, Amines and Amides 1. butanoic acid 2. pentanamine (NH2 just takes the place of one “normal” hydrogen..Therefore 5 carbons with
all single bonds would normally have 12 hydrogen…we had 11 beside the C plus the NH2 as a whole makes 12)
3. propanamide 4. butenoic acid 5. pentynamine or cyclopentenamine 6. C4H7COOH 7. C4H9COOH 8. C3H5NH2 9. C5H11CONH2 10. C9H19COOH
D. Complete the following reactions:
Answer the following on a separate sheet of paper. For each reaction draw structural diagrams for all of the organic based compounds and write formulas for the simple ionic and covalent compounds. Name the products. 1. 2-methylpentanoic acid + lithium hydroxide lithium 2-methylpentanoate + water
CH3
CH3
O
OH
2. 3,3-diethylhexanoic + potassium hydroxide potassium 3,3-diethylhexanoate + water
CH3
O
OH
CH3
CH3
+ KOHCH3
O
OK
CH3
CH3
+ H2O
3. hexan-1-ol + benzoic acid hexyl benzoate + water
CH3 OH
+
O
OH
CH3
O
O
+ H2O
4. pentan-1-ol + cis-2-methyloct-6-enoic acid pentyl cis-2-methyloct-6-enoate + water
CH3
OH
+CH3
H H
O
OH
CH3
CH3
O
CH3
H H
O
CH3
+ H2O
5. pentanoic acid + butan-1-amine → pentanoate + butylammonium
CH3
O
OH +CH3
NH2
CH3
O
O
+
CH3
NH3
+
-
6. 2C10H22 + 31O2 20CO2 + 22H2O decane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water 7. hexan-1-amine + water → hexylammonium + hydroxide
CH3 NH2 + H2OCH3 NH3
++
OH-
8. nitric acid + 2-methylpropan-1-amine → methylpropylammonium + nitrate
+ LiOH CH3
CH3
O
O Li
+ H2O
HNO 3 +CH3
CH3
NH2
CH3
CH3
NH3 + NO3
+ -
E. Reactions 1. 3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid + potassium hydroxide → potassium 3,4-dimethyhexanoate + water
CH3
O
OH
CH3
CH3
KOHCH3
O
KO
CH3
CH3
H2O++
2. 2-ethylpentanoic acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium 2-ethylpentanoate + water
CH3
CH3
O
OHNaOH
CH3
CH3
O
NaO
H2O+ +
3. trans-pent-3-enoic acid + water → trans-pent-3-enoate + hydronium
CH3
O
OH
H
H
+ H2O CH3
O
O
H
H
+ H3O+
1-
4. hept-5-ynoic acid + water → hept-5-ynoate + hydronium
CH3O
OH
+ H2O
CH3O
O-
+ H3O+
5. butan-1-ol + 2,3-dichlorohexanoic acid → butyl 2,3-dichlorohexanoate + water
CH3 OH +CH3
O
OH
Cl
Cl
CH3
O
O
Cl
Cl
CH3
+ H2O
6. propan-1-ol + trans-2,3-dihydroxyprop-2-enoic acid→
propyl trans-2,3-dihydroxyprop-2-enoate + water
CH3
OH
+
O
OH
OH
OH
H
O
O
OH
OH
HCH3
+ H2O
7. butan-2-ol + ethanoic acid → 1-methylpropyl ethanoate + water
CH3CH3
OH
+ CH3
O
OH CH3
O
OCH3
CH3
+ H2O
F. Read type 5 reactions on page 116 in Hebden.
1. CO2 and H2O
2. a. C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
b. 2 C6H14 + 19 O2 → 12 CO2 + 14 H2O
c. C4H8 + 6 O2 → 4 CO2 + 4 H2O
d. C2H5OH + 3 O2 → 2 CO2 + 3 H2O
e. C4H9CHO + 7 O2 → 5 CO2 + 5 H2O
Organic Chemistry Review page 20
1. Why does carbon make-up the backbone of all organic compounds?
Carbon makes up the backbone of all organic compounds because of its atomic structure. Carbon has 4 valence electrons to make a stable octet it needs to make 4 bonds. This makes carbon ideal for long chains. The bonds can be made in a variety of ways: single, double, triple and rings. This accounts for the variety of different compounds carbon can make.
2. Which organic compounds are saturated? Unsaturated? Saturated: alkanes: single bonded carbons which are surrounded by hydrogens. Unsaturated: alkenes,alkynes, cycloalkanes,cycloalkenes etc.. Not full of maximum # of H’s because some carbons are using a bond for double, triple bonds etc..
3. Name properties of the following: a. Alkanes:unreactive,not soluble in water b. alkene:reactive at = bond, not soluble in water c. alcohols:reactive at OH. Small alcohols are soluble, poisonous d. carboxylic acids: reactive at COOH, soluble ,acid properties e. amines:reactive at NH2: soluble, bases f. ethers:anaesthetics, not soluble, flammable g. esters:smell fruity, minty h. benzenes:smell, not reactive, not soluble
4. Write molecular formulas for the following: a. C9H20 b. C6H12 c. C6H12Cl2 d. C3H7OH e. C3H7COOH f. C9H18
g. C4H4 h. C12H22
5. Draw and name an example of an organic: a. Acid:
CH3
O
OH pentanoic acid
b. Base:
CH3 CH3
NH2
pentan-3-amine
c. beverage alcohol (only one) ethanol
CH3
OH
6. Which of the following are miscible in water? a. alkanes b. alcohols(small) c. benzenes d. carboxylic acids e. amines 7. Which is more reactive? a. alkanes or alkenes b. alkanes or alcohols c. ketones or carboxylic acids 8. For the following reactions:
a. hexanoic acid + potassium hydroxide
CH3
O
OH+ KOH
CH3
O
OK + H2O
potassium hexanoate + water
b. propanoic acid + H2O
CH3
O
OH+ H2O CH3
O
O- + H3O+
propanoate + hydronium
c. heptan-3-amine + HCl
CH3 CH3
NH2
+ HCl CH3 CH3
NH3
+ + Cl-
1-ethylpentylammonium + chloride
d. ethanamine + H2O CH3
NH2
+ OH2
CH3
NH3
++ OH-
ethylammonium + hydroxide
e. butanoic acid + propan-1-amine
CH3
O
OH + CH3
NH2
CH3
O
O- +CH3
NH3
+
butanoate + propylammonium
f. butan-1-ol + heptanoic acid
CH3 OH+
CH3
O
OH CH3
O
CH3 O
+ OH2
butyl heptanoate + water
g. decan-1-ol + 2,3-dimethylpent-4-enoic acid
CH3 OH +H
H
CH3
CH3
O
OH
H
H
H
CH3
CH3
O
CH3 O
H
+ OH2
decyl 2,3-dimethylpent-4-enoate+water
viii. propane + O2 **hint this is combustion
C3H8+ 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
9. Draw and name one pair of geometrical isomers for C4H8.
CH3 CH3
HH CH3
CH3H
H
cis-but-2-ene trans-but-2-ene
10. Draw and name all the structural isomers for C5H8.
CH
CH3 pent-1-yne
CH3
CH3
pent-2-yne
CH
CH3
CH3 3-methylbut-1-yne
cyclopentene
CH3
1-methylcyclobut-1-ene
CH3 3-methylcyclobut-1-ene
CH3
CH3 1,2-dimethylcycloprop-1-ene
CH3CH3
1,3-dimethylcylcoprop-1-ene
CH3
CH3
3,3-dimethylcycloprop-1-ene
CH3 1-ethylcycloprop-1-ene
CH3 3-ethylcycloprop-1-ene
11. Draw the following: a.
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
b.
CH3
CH3H
H
c.
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
d.
CH3
Br
Br Cl
H
e.
CH3
CH3
O2N
NO2
NO2
f.
CH3 OH
OH
g.
CH3
CH3
O
h.
O
OH
H
H
H
i.
CH3
O
H
CH3
CH3
CH3
j.
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
O
k.
CH3 O
O
F CH3
H
H
l.
O
N
CH3
CH3
CH
CH3
CH3 m.
CH3
NH2
NH2
CH3
n.
CH3 O
O
CH3
CH3
H
H
CH3
12. Name the following: a. 3-methylheptane b. 4,4-diethyl-2,2-dimethylheptane c. 4,4-dimethylpent-1-ene d. Trans-5-ethylhept-3-ene e. 3-propyloct-1-yne f. 5-methylhepta-1,3-diyne g. 1,1-dibromo-3-chlorobut-1-ene
h. Pentan-3-ol i. 1,3-dinitrobenzene j. but-3-enoic acid k. 3-ethylhexane-2,5-diol l. 2-ethyl-3-methyl-4-propylheptanal m. cis-4-cyclopropylpent-2-enoic acid n. butanal o. 4,4-dimethylpentan-2-one p. methyl ethanoate q. pentyl 3-ethyl-3-methylhexanoate r. propanamide s. 3-methylbut-2-enamide t. N,N-dimethylhexan-2-amine u. 4,4-difluorobut-2-yn-1-amine
