Alkaloids

A. Pyridine-piperidine AlkaloidsEntire seed of ArecaAreca catechuArecaceaeBetel nut, bungaDried ripe seedArecolineAnthelminthic, taenicide, vermicide

Outer & Inner bark of PomegranatePunica granatumPunicaceaeGranada, dulimaBark, fruit-rind, seedPelletierina, pseudopelleňerineAnthelminthic, diarrhea, astringent, hemorrhoids, abortifacient

B. Tropane AlkaloidsSingle leaf of BelladonnaAtropa belladonnaSolanaceaeDeadly nightshade, poison black cherryDried leaf & flowering or fruiting topsHyoscyamine, atropineAnticholinergic, parasympathetic depressant, spasmolytic agentScalariform trachea belladonna

Sphenoidal microcrystal of Calcium oxalate belladonna

Entire leaf of HyoscyamusHyoscyamus nigerSolanaceaeBlack henbane, stinking nightshadeDried leaf, w/ or w/o the stem & flowering or fruiting topHyoscyamine, scopolamineParasympatholytic, relieve spasm of the urinary tractMonoclinic prism of calcium oxalate hyoscyamus

Spiral trachea hyoscyamus

Entire leaf of StramoniumDatura stramonium

SolanaceaeThornapple, jimsonweed, jamestown weedDried leaf & flowering or flowering tops with branchesHyscyamine, scopolamineCigarette form of tx (asthma), anticholinergic, sedative, source of atropine Rosette aggregate of calcium oxalate crystals stramonium

Annular trachea stramonium

Entire leaf of TalumpunayDatura metelSolanaceaeDowny thornapple, devil’s trumpet, talong punayDried leaves and flowering topsScopolamine, hyoscineAnti-asthma, anticholinergic, antidepressant, antispasmodic, mydriatic

Flower of Talumpunay

C. Quinoline AlkaloidsOuter surface of the bark of Yellow CinchonaCinchona calisayaRubiaceaeCalisaya bark, Peruvian barkDried bark of the stem, or of the rootQuinine, cinchonine, cinchonidineCardiac arrhythmias, astringent, gargle, antimalarial

Outer surface of the bark of Red CinchonaCinchona succirubraRubiaceaeCinchona rubraDried bark of the stem, or of the rootQuinine, cinchonine, cinchonidineAntimalarial

Outer surface of the bark of DitaAlstonia scholarisApocynaceaeAlstonia, white cheese wood, bitter bark, devil’s treeDried bark, dried leavesAlstonine, ditamineAntipyretic, substance for quinine

D. Isoquinoline AlkaloidsRoot of Rio IpecacCephaelis IpecacuanhaRubiaceaeMatia grassa ipecacDried root, rhizome & rootCephaeline, emetineEmetic, expectorant, amoebic dysentery

Root of Cartagena IpecacCephaelis acuminateRubiaceaeCosta rica ipecacDried root, rhizome & rootCephaeline, emetineEmetic, expectorant, amoebic dysentery

Rhizome and root of HydrastisHydrastis CanadensisRanunculaceaeGolden seal root, yellow rootDried rhizome & rootsHydrastine, berberine, canadineAstringent, to check uterine hemorrhage, bitter stomachic

E. Indole AlkaloidsHilumMicropyleEndospermCotyledonEmbryoEntire seed of Nux VomicaStrychnos nux- vomicaLoganiaceaePoison nut, quaker buttonsDried ripe seedStrychnine, brucineCentral stimulant, vermin killer

Longitudinal half of the seed nux vomica

ScarEntire seed of IgnatiaStrychnos ignatiiLogoniaceaeSt. Ignatius beanDried ripe seedStrychnine, brucineCentral stimulant, vermin killer

2 Sclerotia of ErgotClaviceps purpureaClavicipilaceaeSpurred rye, ergot of rye, secale cornutum, rye smutDried sclerotiumErgolines: ergonovine, ergotoxine, ergotamineGalenic prep, assist delivery in labour

Side view of Calabar BeanPhysostigma venenosumFabaceaeCalabar bean, ordeal beanDried ripe seedsPhysostigmine, eseramineCholinergic (ophthalmic use), atropine poisoning

Longitudinal section of the seed of PhysostigmaPhysostigma venenosumFabaceaeCalabar bean, ordeal beanDried ripe seedsPhysostigmine, eseramineCholinergic (ophthalmic use), atropine poisoning

Ventral view of the seedDorsal view of the seed calabar

Entire plant of CatharanthusCatharanthus roseusApocynaceaeTsitsirika, chichirica, Madagascar periwinkleDried whole plantVinblastine, vincristineAntileukaemic, diabetes

F. Imidazole AlkaloidEntire leaflet of Pilocarpus jaborandiPilocarpus jaborandiRutaceaeJaborandi, Indian hempLeaflets of various spp.Pilocarpine, iso-pilocarpine, pilosineContracts the pupil of the eye for the tx of glaucoma

G. Steroidal AlkaloidsSingle tuberous root of AconiteAconitum napellusRanunculaceaeWolfsbane rootDried roots AconitineVery potent, quick acting poison, prep of antineurologic liniment

Tuberous root with attached daughter tuberEntire rhizome with the root attached to itLongitudinal section of the rhizome

Veratrum virideLiliaceaeGreen hellebore, American veratrumDried rhizome & rootsGermidine, jervine, veratramineHypotensive, cardiac depressant, sedative

Lanting gubatPlantago majorPlantiginaceaeGreater plainSeed, leavesPlantagonineChronic constipation, demulcent

Talong –pipitSolanum indicumSolanaceaeTalong na puti, Indian night shadeFruit, leavesSolanine, solanidineNarcotic, sedative

Talong – susu/utongSolanum mammosumSolanaceaeMickey mouse plant, nipple fruit, berenjenita peludaFruitSolanineKidney & bladder disease, narcotic, cleansing wounds

Lubi-lubi/ kontiSolanum nigrumSolanaceaeBlack nightshadeFruit, leavesSolanine, solanidineNarcotic, sedative

PatatasSolanum tuberosumSolanaceaePotatoTubers, leavesSolanine, solanidineAntispasmodic

KamatisLysopersicum esculentumSolanaceaeTomatoFruitLycopeneSource of vit A, B, & C

H. Alkaloidal Amine AlkaloidsLongitudinal slice of colchicum cormColchicum autumnaleLiliaceaeHermodactylDried corm, dried ripe seedColchicineSuppressant for gout, multiplication of chromosomes

Transverse slice of Colchicum corm

Colchicum seeds

Herba Ephedrae (Alkaloidal amine)Ephedra vulgaris var. HelveticaGnetaceaeMormon tea, ma huangWhole plant, overgrounded portionEphedrinehypotensive, anti-inflammatory, chronic asthma

I. Xanthine AlkaloidsConvex side of coffeeCoffea arabicaRubiaceaeKape, Arabica coffeeDried ripe seedCaffeineStimulant, dietetic, diuretic, CNS depressant poisoning

Plane side of coffee

Coffee

Plane side of KolaCola nitidaSterculiaceaeCola, kolanut, bissy nuts, gooroo nutsDried cotyledonsCaffeineStimulant, ingredient in carbonated beverages

Convex side of Kola2 seeds of CacaoTheobroma cacaoSterculiaceaeCocoa seed, cocoa beanCompound prepared from the dried ripe seedTheobromineStimulant, diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant

Idioblast of TeaCamellia sinensisTheaceaePrepared leaves & leaf budsCaffeineStimulant, antioxidant

Tea

Phil. SourcesA. Pyridine-piperidine Alkaloids

Papaya Carica PapayaCaricaceaeMelon treeMilky juicePapainAnthelminthic, antibacterial, digestive, diuretic

MakahiyaMimosa pudicaFabaceaeSensitive plant, bashful mimosa, touch-me-notLeaves, rootsMimosineWounds, toothache, hastens childbirth

Sibakong (manual-pyridine-piperidine) (handout-indole)Rauwolfia amsoniaefoliaApocynaceaeSerpent woodDried rootReserpineHypotensive, cardiac arrhythmias

Batino (manual-pyridine-piperidine) (handout-indole)Alstonia macrophyllaApocynaceaeIlang-ilangFresh leaves

Macrophylline, macrastonine, alstomalineAntimalarialPandakaki (manual-pyridine-piperidine) (handout-indole)Tabernaemontana pandacaquiApocynaceaeKampupotLeavesTabernaemontanineCataplasm on childbirth, bleaching agent, herbal ViagraNiog-niogan (manual-pyridine-piperidine) (handout-indole)Quisqualis indicaCombretaceaeChinese honeysuckerOleic Anthelminthic

Ipil-ipilLeucaena leucocephalaFabaceaeSanta ElenaDried seedsLeucenineAnthelminthic

TabakoNicotiana tabacumSolanaceaeTobaccoCured & dried leaves Nicotine Smoking, snuffing, chewing, insecticide

Paminta Piper nigrumPiperaceaeBlack pepperDried unripe fruitPiperine, piperetineCondiment, tx for gonorrhoea & chronic bronchitis

GranadaPunica granatumPunicaceaeGranada, dulimaBark, fruit-rind, seedPelletierina, pseudopelleňerineAnthelminthic, diarrhea, astringent, hemorrhoids, abortifacient

B. Tropane AlkaloidsAngel’s TrumpetDatura arborea, brugmansia arboreaSolanaceaeTrompetaDried leaves & flowering topsScopolamine, hyoscyaminRelieves pain, poisonous

CocaErythroxylum cocaErythroxylaceaeCoca leaves, huanuco cocaDried leavesCocaineLocal anesthetic

C. Quinoline AlkaloidsLunasLunasia amaraRutaceaeLabau, saltikiBark & woodLunasin, lunacrinSnake bite, gastralgia

Entire leaf of DitaAlstonia scholarisApocynaceaeAlstonia, white cheese wood, bitter bark, devil’s treeDried bark, dried leavesAlstonine, ditamineAntipyretic, substance for quinine

D. Isoquinoline AlkaloidsMakabuhayTinospora rumphiiMenispermaceaeGuduchiDried stem, with the bark intactTinosporinAnti diabetic, degenerative bones & joints

DapdapErythina variegate var orientalisFabaceaeIndian coral treeLeaves, barkErythroline, erythrinineAntirheumatic, CNS antidepressant

AnonasAnnona reticulataAnnonaceaeCustard apple, bullock’s heartSeed, leaves, fruitReticulineVermifuge, febrifuge

AtisAnnona squamosaAnnonaceaeSugar apple, sweetsopSeed, leaves, fruitNorcoclaurine, annonaineDiarrhea, dysentery, drastic purgative

GuyabanoAnnona muricataAnnonaceaeSoursop, prickly custard appleLeaves, barkAnnonacinDiarrhea, dysentery, astringent

SumaArcangelisia flavaMenispermaceaeAbutra, barberry, lagtang, yellow fruit moonseedStem, rootBerberineFebrifuge, tonic, abortive, expectorantKasubhaCarthamus tinctoriusAsteraceaeSafflower, wild saffronDried flowerCatharminFood coloring, circulatory stimulant, menstrual regulator

Luyang DilawCurcuma longaZingiberaceaeTurmericDried rhizomeCucurminStimulant aromatic, condiment, colorant