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alII ratio analysis of radiation-chemotherapy interaction
and 95 definition of 41 early-reacting tissues 44
hone marrow 581 howel581
isoeffect dose and 43 late reacting tissues 44
heart 453 kidney 409, 586 lung 384 spinal cord 434, 453 urinary bladder 417
reciprocal plot for derennining 42, 72, 73, 95, 145
tumour 44, 544, 545 a-parameter of the Iinear-quadratic model
absolute value of 73, 164-168,546,571-574 high LET radiation and 58, 73 initial slope of cell survival curve and 41, 533,
571 intrinsic radiosensitivity and 5'Hl1 irreparable damage and 544, 578 low dose-rate irradiation and 571-574 oxygen effect and 65 radioprotectors and 70--71 response to small doses and 6, 10--14,59, 156,
532 single particle track events and 40, 58, 578
ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, decarbazine) 338
Accelerated fractionation (AF) 30,169, SOl, 554, 565-566, 663
Accelerated repopulation of tumours 553--556, 612,619
Acetylsalicylate intestinal prostaglandin inhibition by 313
Achylia gastrica 303 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome 243 Actinomycin D 89, 90, 91, 98,103,426 Acute (ischaemic) hypoxia 550, 600-602, 60S,
612,618,624 Acute normal tissue reactions; see Early normal
tissue reactions Additivity of drug-radiotherapy combination 94,
95,411,455 Adjuvant chemotherapy 88, 354, 508 Adriamycin 68, 89,90,91,92,98,103,104,317,
INDEX
667
338, 388, 426, 455, 628 Afterloading intracavitary radiotherapy 583 Alkaline phosphatase 69, 425 A1kylating agents 68,86,87,91,242,317,388,
628 Alpha-particle 4 Amenonboea, radiation-induced 352, 353, 354 Amplification compartment; see transit cell
computment Anaemia
hone-marrow irradiation and 233, 234 kidney irradiation and 406
Ahaemia and the tumour response 606-611, 618, 631
Androgen-binding protein (ABP) 328, 329, 336 Aneuploidy
clinical significance of 502--504, S07, 509, 510, 511
definition of 502 flow cytomel1y and identification of 481-484 radiosensitivity and 513--514
Angiogenesis factor 534 Angiotensin 1362, 367, 399,401 Angiotensin n 362, 367, 399-400, 401 Angiotensin ill 400 Ante-monem proliferating cell; see subclonogenic
cell Antibiotic chemotherapeutic agents 86, 87, 100,
388,628 Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
assay (ADCC) of K celIs 272, 274 Antimetabolites 86, 317 Antinestrogen (Tamoxifen) 92 Antithymocyte (anti-T-cell) globulin (ATG) 283 Aphidicolin 92 Apoptosis 307, 468 Ara-A (~arahinofuranosyladenine) 48, 62 Ara-C (arabinofuranosylcyrosine) 62, 338 Anificial menopause, radiation-induced; see
Amenonboea Astrocytes 431 Ataxia telangiectasia (A 1') 48 AtrophiC gastritis 303 Autoimmune disease
totallympboid irradiation in 279-281 Auroradiography 279, 280, 465 Avalanche effect 119, 535 Azathioprine 283, 284 Azosperrnia 330, 334, 335, 338
668
j}-parameter of the linear-quadratic model accumulation of sublethal damage and 544 absolute value of 73, 164 high LET-radiations and 73 oxygen effect and 65 radioprotectors and 70-71 repairofradiation damage and 58, 544-547 response to large doses and 10,12 separate track evens and 6, 40
Brnticroglobulin (B2 MO) 253, 398, 407 BCNU388 Benzamide 62 Benzidazole
hypoxic cell sensitization and high lipophilicily of 628, 629
BFU-E (burst colony-fonning unit) 226, 238 Biologically equivalent dose (BED) (Extrapolated
response dose, ERD) 42-43, 159-170, 562-563,580, 583-585
Bladder carcinoma of 465,501, S03, 504, 510-514,
525,558,559,606,607,613,630,633 Bleomycin 68, 89,91,92,98,317,338,388,389 Blood-brain barrier 102, 432 B-Iymphocytes
development and maturation of 256-257 domain in secondary lymphoid organs of
248-249 humoral immune response and 259-260 identification of 270 radiation effects on 264-266, 273, 276, 277,
282 radiosensitivity of 264 surface immunoglobulin on 255
Bone-manow; see Haemotopoietic tissues Bone-marrow transplantation 283, 318, 372 Bone metastases 371 Brachytherapy; see Low dose rate continuous
irradiation and also Dose-rate effect Bragg peak 21 Brain: radiation encephalopathy
clinical syndromes of 438-439 dose-time relationship and 444 latency in 437 pathogenesis and target cells of 437 volume effect in 444
Breast carcinoma of 102, 159, 167,243,281,354,
370,496, SOl, 503, 504, 508, 526, 530, 562, 659
BSF (burst-fonning unit stimulating factor) 229, 237
BUdR (5-bromodeoxyuridine) radiosensitization by 62
BUdR-DNA analysis; see IUdR-analysis Burkitt's lymphoma 296,298,299,496,498,499,
RADIOTHERAPYIRADIOBIOLOGY/pHYSIOLOGY
554 Busulfan 388 Buthionin. sulfoxide (BSO)
cellular glutathione depletion with 67--68, 625--628
14C-Iactose breath test lactose malabsorption and 313-314
Caffeine (a repair inhibitor) 47, 48, 62 Caesium-37 571, 584 Carcinogenesis 9-13, 283, 284 Captopril 370, 387, 402 Carbon monoxide and Hb/oxygen affinity in
beavy smokers 636 CCNU 87, 628, 629, 630 CeIl adhesive matrix 662 Ceil-ceIl contact inhibition (contact inhibition)
138,524 Cell cycle
chemosensitivity during the 91 glutathione variation during 64, 90, 522-523 beat sensitivity during 78-79 mea.<urement of 478-479 oxygen effect during 66 phases of 63,see also G()o G t, G2, M and S
phase percent-labeIled mitososis technique and
478-479 radiosensitivity during 63-64, 522-524 repair of radiation damage during 64, 522 sensitivity to neutrons and 75. 524 synchronization during 91,521,550
Cell cycle time (iDlennitotic time) 479, 497 CeIl-cycle (intennitotic) time (Te)
A- and B-spermatogonia 326, 329 human tumours 497
measurement of 478-479 stem cell 112 !ransit cell 113
Cell loss factor in tumours measurement of 499 mechanisms of 468-469 post-irradiation tumour volume reduction and
556-557 Cell population kinetics of normal tissues
111-115, 118; see also individual tissues Cell survival curves; see also individual tissues
acute high dose-rate 22-33 chemotherapeutic agents 88-89 chemotherapeutic agenlS modification of 94 high LET radiation 31 hypenhennia modification of 79 low dose rate 569-574 models of 34-44
linear-quadratic 38-44 repair 37
INDEX
tWC>-COIIIpOnent target/hit 3&-37 multitiaction irradiation 138-142 parameters of31-33 shapes of 29-33 single exponential 29-30
Cellular basis of nonnal tissue radiation damage 121-123
Censored complication data 134-137 Central nervous system: cellular components and
their proliferation kinetics 430-432 Cerebral atrophy 437, 43&-439, 440-441 Cerebral metasrascs 629 Cerebrospinal fluid 433, 442 Cervix uteri
carcinoma of S03, 504, 527, 557, 559, 568, 576,578,603,604, 605, 606, 607, 61 1,612,631,632,633,634
CFU-E (colony-funning unit erythroid) 226, 229, 231,233,238,401
CFU-F (fibroblaslOid or stromal colony forming unit) 227, 228, 230, 232
CPU-MEG (megakaryocytic colony forming unit) 226
CFU-S (spleen colony-forming unit) 27, 30, 225, 226,229,230,231,232,235,236,237, 238,241
Chalones 196,229,328 Cl!cdiak-Higashi syndrome 263 Chemotherapeutic agents; see also individual
agents classification of 96-97 CNS damage by 439-442 gut damage by 31&-318 hacmatopoietic tissue damage by 230-243 heart damage by 4S4-455 inhibition of sublethal and potentially lethal
damage by JOI kidney damage by 410-413 Jiver damage by 426 lung damage by 388-389 ovarian damage by 354 oxygen effect and 90-91 phase nonspecific 87, 241-242 phaae specific 87, 88,98,241 survival curves of damage by 8&-89 synchronization by 91 testis damage by 338-339 urinary bladder damage by 414, 415, 416
Chemotherapy/radiotherapy interaction 92-104 additive 94 (independent cell kill) 94 enhancement (supradditive) 94, 95, 98, 101,
41 I, 439, 455 inhibition (subadditive) 94 mechanisms in 98-99 nonnal tissues and 96-98; see also individual
tissues
protective 99-100 therapeutic saiD f10m 101-104
independent cell kill in 103-104 spatial cooperation in 101-103
timing in 97-98 tumour response and 100-101
Chlorambucil 338
669
Chlorophenoxyacetic acid derivatives for lowering the oxysen/Hb affinity 636
Cholestyramine 312 Chondrosan;:oma S03 Chromosomes
aberrations 10,58,521 acenttic 521 dicentric521
Chronic (diffusion-limited) hypoxia 5SO, 59&-602, 606,612, 614, 615, 616, 618, 624
Cispladn 87, 92, 98, 100, 104,310,318,410-413, 628
aonogenic activity assay 23-29 in situ 24-25
cl)'pt Slem-ceUs and 26 growing csniJage plate and 26 renal tubular cell. and 26 skin stem-cells and 26 testes atem-cells and 26
in vitro culture 23, 24 transplantation 27
bone-marrow stem-cells and 225 mammary ceJJs and 28, 46 Jiver cella and 28, 46, 422 thyroid cells and 28, 46 tumour clonogcnic ceUs and 28
SBea-vitamin B 12 retenlion test intestinal malabsolption and 312
Colon acute radiation effects in 309-310 cancer of 503, S34 cell proliferation kinetics of 307 clinical manifestatiolll of acute radiation
damage of 311-314 late radiation damaae 10 314-316 SIrUCIuraJ organization of 307
ColorectaJ cancer 496, SOl ColpophOlograpby for evaluation of the vascula
ture of carcinoma of the cervix uteri 603-604
Complication-free JocaJ control 660-66 I Computerized tomograpby (CI') evaluatioo of
normal tissue damage brain and 438-439, 440-441 lung and 378-384
Concanvalin A (Con A); see Mitogen activation Contact inhibition 138,524 Corpus luteum 349-3SO Creatimine 398, 408
670
clearance of 408 Crypt cells 115,122,124,126,305-307,310 CT-number (Ncr)
allenuation coefficient and 380 electron density and 382 lung density and 381-382
Cyclophosphamide 90, 98, 100,285,338,339, 372, 388, 389, 628, 629
Cyclosporin A 92, 283, 284, 371, 372 Cyteamine 57 Cytomegalovirus 372 Cytometry two parameters; see two-parameter
cytometry Cytosine arabinoside 100
'tinterferon 258, 276 D (mean inactivation dose) 525 Dq (quasi-threshold dose) 23, 33 Do (mean lethal dose) 32, 36, 79, 88,95,122,522,
524 bone-marrow stem and precursor cells 231-232 crypt stem cells 307 gastric precursors 30 I skin stem cells 200-201 testis stem-cells 329 tumour 525, 531
D-Penicillamine (beta, beta-dimethyl cysteine) 370,387
ddT (dideoxythymidine) 62 Delta rays 6, 21, 569 Dental caries 295 2- Deoxy-D-g1ucose 34 3' -Deoxyadenosine (3' -dA) 62 3'-Deoxyguanosine (3'-dG) 62 Dimethylfonnamide (DMF) 63 Diethylmaleate (GSH-depleting agent) (OEM) 67,
625 Differentiated cell compartment; see mature cell
compartment Differentiating cell compartment; see transit cell
compartment 2,3-diphosphoglyccrate (2,3-DPG)
adaptation to anaemia and low oxygenation states and 609-610, 611
Diarrhoea, radiation-induced 3\1-314 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene skin test for delayed
type hypersensitivity reaction 271, 277 DNA
as target for damage by chemotherapeutic damage 87
as target for radiation damage 6, 55-59 as target for heat damage 78 double strand break of 6, 56, 57, 58, 59 membrane associated 55, 168 repair of damage of 61 single strand break of 56, 57
RADIOTHERAPY /RADIOBIOLOGY /PHYSIOLOGY
synthesis phase of the cell cycle and 63 DNA-index (OI); see ploidy DNA-protein cross link 56 Doomed cells; see subclonogenic cells Dose-enhancement factor (DEFl 95, 99, 317, 388,
411 Dose-rate effect
a-parameter and 571 brachytherapy and
interstitial 574-576 intracavitary 576-598
early normal tissue reactions and 573-574 initial slope of survival curves and 571-573 late normal tissue reactions and 573-574 mathematical models in 578-586 radiobiological aspects of 568--574
Dose-reduction factor (DRF) 529, 571, 573 Dose~response relationships; see also individual
norm.ltissues and organs cellular basis of 121-122 discrepancy between cell survival and 123-126 dose-survival curves underlying 143-146 early- and late reacting tissues, comparison,
possible explanations for differences in shape of 131-139
inferring alP ratio from multi fraction experiments and 143-146
nonSlochastic effects 8-9 shape of early- and late-reacting tissues 139,
ISO-lSI steepness of 137-138 stochastic effects 11-13
Dosimetric uncertainties quality assurance programme and 661-{)62 random 654 sources of 653-654 systematic 654 tumour control probability and 655-{)S7
Double strand DNA break (DSB) 6, 56, 57, 58, 59 Drug resistance 91-92
multiple (pleiotropic) 91 Dysgeusia (loss of taste sensation) 297
Early/normal (acute) tissue reactions; see also haernatopoietic tissues intestine, skin, stomach and testes
<X/~ ratio of 44 chemotherapy/radiotherapy interaction in
96-98 definition of 7, 10 development and progression of 111-118,
131-132 high LET radiations and 74-75 multifraction irradiation and
dose per fraction in 150-151 repair kinetics during 139-143
INDEX
treatment time in 147, 149--150 underlying cell survival curve in IU-I46 target cell of 121-123
Ejection fraction as a measure of radillliOll-induced myocardial damage 4S1-452
Bmblyonic tumoUIS 496, 498, 499, 556 Endometrial carcinoma 606 EndotheJiaJ cells; see also vll5Clllar tissue damage
proliferation kinetics of 212-213, 365-367 lare tissue reactions and damage 10 143
Energy avemge linear energy InIDIfeo- 21 Bnteroglucagon and gastric: emptying 302 Epidennal growth factor (BGF) 463 E-rosettes 269 Blytbema 132,202-203 BryIbropoielio 229, 237, 396, 401 Blylbrogenin 229, 401 Etanidazole (SR-2SOS) 632-633, 635 Ewing'sarcoma 102 Exocytosis 361, 368 Extrapolation number (N) 32, 528
19P_misonidazole 614, 615, 623 Pat-pad cell survival assay 27 Pe-plot; see Reciprocal plot S2Fe bone marrow scintiscanning 239 S9f>e radiotraccr for erythropoiesis 239 Fenility
effect ofirradiation on female 351, 352-353, 354
effect of irradilllion on male 332, 333, 335 Pib .... is, radilllion-inclua:d
dermal 212 lung 363-367 myocardial 450-45 I
Flagyl; see Metronidazole Flexible (type-p) normal tissues; see also brain,
heart, kidneys, lung, spinal cord organization and response 10 irradiation III,
118-120 Flexure-dose 156-157 Plow cytomeay for DNA distribution analysis
481-484 S-f1uorolllllCii 90, 388 PIuosol/DA as an oxygen carrier in cancer therapy
619--621 Practionation radiotherapy
adjustment of total doae in, die linear-quadratic model and, 156-170 die power function models and, 147-156
doae per fraction in 139, lSO, lSI, 144, 145 early reacting tissues and 144, 145, 146, 149,
lSI high LET radilllion 72-76 interfraction interval in 140 late reacting tissues and 144, 145, 146, 149,
150 overalltreamtenltimeand 147,149,150 principles of 138 radiobiological factors in S44--SS6 repair kinetics and 139--142 split-coutse and SS6 tumour response 10 556, S60 unconventional S60-S64
Pree radicals S, 56 PSH (PoIlicle stimulating honnone)
671
effect of cbemoIherapy on die serum level of 338,354
effect of ovarian Irradiation on serum level of 354
effect pf testicular irradiation on serum level of 336,337
regUlation of ovarian function by 348, 349, 350 regulation of testicular function by 328
PSH-releasing honnone 349, 350 Functioning cell companmeot; see Mature cell
cornpanment
GO-phase 64, 118,225,260,461,481,482,483, 497
G1-phase 63-64, 75, 91,117,461,481,482,483, 484,487,488
G lIS boundary milOlic delay at 521 potentially lethal damage flXlllion at 47 mdiosensitivity at 47, 64
G2-phase 63, 64, 91, 482, 483, 487, 488, 521, 522 G2IM boundary
blockage by actinomycin D at 91 mitotic delay at 521, S48 radioaensitivity at 64, 77
Gastric emptying inadiatiOll effect on 302-303 regullllion of ~301
Gastrin-secreting G ceUs 300 GCB (granulocyte cxtract) 229, 237 Genetic mutations 9--13,333,354 Glioblastoma 62, 52S, 526, 527, 530, S69 Glioma 503, 599, 629 Glutathione
cellular concentration during the ceU cycle 64, 87
chemosensitization and 628 detoxication of aJkylaling agents and redox
active drugs by 628 drug resistance and 87, 92 hypoxic ceU radiooenoitizets and 68, 625-627 oxygen effect and 66-69 radioresistance and 66-69, 92
Glycoprotein P 92 drug resistance and 92 chromosome 7 and 92
672
GM-CFC (granulocyte-macrophage colonyforming cell) 226, 231, 232, 236
GM-CSF (granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor) 229, 237
Graafian follicle 347, 348, 350, 351, 354 Growth fraction (GF) 469, 473, 497-498
efficiency of phase-specific drugs and 87 Growth parameters of human tumours 476-477
Haematopoietic function tests for clinical use 238-239
Haematopoietic tissues cell proliferation kinetics of 224-227 chemotherapeutic damage to 230--243 clinical studies of functions of 227-239 control of activity of 227-229 dose-rate effect in radiation damage to 231 dose-survival curves of clonogenic cells of
231-232 extramedul18JY activity of 239-240 microenvironment of 227, 229-230, 232 peripheral blood changes after irradiation of
233-234 radiosensitivity of the cellular components of
231-232 regeneration following irradiation of 234-237 residual radiation damage in 171, 236 skeletal distribution of 235 target cells in radiation-induced failure of 232 unirradiated bone marrow role in post-irradia-
tion recovery of 237-238 volume of irradiated marrow and post-irradia
tion recovery of 239-241 Hair 194, 196, 207, 209-210 Halogenated pyrimidines (iodo and
bromodeoxyuridine ) radiosensitization by 62
Head and neck cancer 163, 169,536,556,562, 564,568,611,617,631,632,634,663
Heart: radiation-induced cardiomyopathy clinical expression of
conduction defects in 353 myocarditis in 453-453 pericarditis in 451-452 valvular lesions in 353 vascular lesions in 353
response to combined chema-radiotherapy of 454-455
response to multifraction irradiation of 453 targer cells of
myocarditis and 450-45 I pericanditis and 451-452
Heat stress protein 78 Helper T-cell
humoral immunity and 258 identification of 269
RADIOTHERAPY /RADIOBIOLOGY /pHYSIOLOGY
post-irradiation changes in 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 280, 282
surface antigen (T4) of 254 Hemibody irradiation
haemotologicaI changes after 241 treatment of bone metastases with 71 useofWR-2721 with 71
Hepatococyte 422 Hepatopoietin 422 Hierarchical (type-H) normal tissues; see also
haemotopoietic tissue, intestine, skin, stomach and testis
organization and response to irradiation of 11-118
High LET radiation; see neutrons Histamine
secretion by gastric mucosa of 300,30] transient skin erythema and 204
Histone 55 Hit/target models for cell survival curves 36-37 Hodgkin's disease 160,242,276,278,282,338,
353,354,371,451 Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) 336, 337 Huntington's disease 49 Hybrid H-F model for late reacting tissues 118 Hydralazine in reducing tumour blood flow for
potentiation of chemotherapeutic agents, radiosensitizers and heat 636-637
Hydrated electron 5, 65 Hydrogen free radical 5, 65 Hydrogen peroxide (H20 2) radical 65, 68 Hydroperoxy (H02) free radical 65 Hydroxy free radical (OH-) 5,56,68 Hydroxproline
kidney collagen content and 403 lung coUagen content and 367
5-hydroxyprolinuria 67 Hydroxyurea (HV) 61, 87, 91, 358 Hyperbaric oxygen in the conttol of tumour
hypoxia 432, 602, 610-611, 611-613, 617-618,618-619,620
Hyperfractionation (HF) 158, 163, 169-170,545, 548-550, 563-564
Hypel1ension radiation candiomyopathy and 453-454 radiation nephropathy and 405-406
Hypel1herrnia 78-79 Hypofractionation 160, 167-168,561-563,630 Hypopharynx; see Pharynx Hypoxia; set acute hypoxia, chronic hypoxia,
hypoxic tumour cell measurement, intrinsic marker for hypoxia, oxygen effect, reoxygenation
Hypoxia in normal tissues 70,199,612,616-618, 620
Hypoxic tumour cell measurement
INDEX
3H-misonidazole 614, 623 1'lFI-misonidazole 614, 623, 635 31phosophollls 553, 615, 635
Hypoxyradiotherapy 737-738
13I-I-diatrizoate (D'IZ) in the measurement ofth. glomellllar filtration rate 408
1311_iodohippuric acid in the measurement of the effective renal plasma flow 408
12!lI_seeds in interstitial radiotherapy 568, 569 Immune function tests for clinical use 269-274 Immune response
assay of 269-262 cell-mediated 260-262 humoral 257-260
antigen processing in 257-258 role of B-Iymphocytes in 259-260 role ofT-lymphocytes in 258-259
radiation effect on cell-mediated 268, 273, 275, 277,279,280,282,283
radiation response on humoral 267,273, 276, 278,280
secondary 260 Immune system; see lymphoid tissue Immune system and recognition of self 263 Immunoglobulin (Ig)
classes of 255-256 diversity of 257 fonnation by B-<:ells of 259-260 genetic regulation of stlllcture of 257 specificity of 25, 257, 259 structure of 255-256
Immunological consequences of locoregional irradiation and the possibility of enhancing tumour spread 281-282
In vitro thymidine (3H-TdR) labelling index (TLI) calculation of T pol from 498 clinical behaviour and
bladder cancer 511-512 breast cancer 506, 508 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 509
determination of 478-480 estrogen receptor status of breast cancer and
508 Incomplete repair 33, 14G-141, 168-170 Independent celllciJI in drug-radiotherapy
combination 94, 103-104 Insulin and gastric emptying 302-303 Intercapillary distance (leO) measurements in
human tumours 605-606 Interleukin-I (IL-I) 258, 260, 316 Interleukin-2 (1L-2) 258, 260, 276 Interleukin-3 (1L-3) 229, 258 Interleukin-4 (1L-4) or B-<:ell stimulatory factor
(BSF) 258, 260 Interleukin-6 (1L-6) or the B-<:eU stimulatory
factor-2 or 1NF/B2 258 Intermitotic desth; see interphase death Intennitotic time; see cell cycle time Interphase death 115,233,264,295,351,520 Interstitial pneumonitis (IP) 372-373
673
Interstitial therapy: see Jow dose rate continuous irradiation and a/so dose-rate effect
Intestine (smaU) acute radiation effects in 307-309 cell proliferation kinetics of 305-307 chemotherapy damage to 316-318 clinical manifestation of acute radiation
damageof311-314 functional tests of 311-314 late radiation damage of 314-316 radiosensitivity of the cell components in
307-308 residual radiation damage in 316 structural organization of 305-307 target cell of acute radiation damage of 310
Intracavitary radiotherapy; see low dose·rate continuous irradiation and a/so dose·rate effect
Intrinsic marker for hypoxia 616 Intrinsic radiosensitivity
clinical responsiveness and 522-525 definition of 525 parameters of
D (mean inactivation dose) 525 Do 525 n (extrapolation number) 528 SF2 59-60, 526-527
tumour cell heterogeneity and 533-534 Inverted-Y radiation field 241, 280, 281, 334, 335,
353 Ion cluster 6,21,59,569 Ion pairs 6 lsobologram analysis 92-94 lsoeffective dose
dose per fraction and ISO-lSI linear-quadratic model and the calculation of
43 low dose rate irradiation and 578-586 NSD-formula and the calculation of 147-151 overallreatment time and ISO-lSI power function models in the calculation of
152-156 Isopropyl methane sulphonate (IMS) 241 IUdR (5-iododeoxyuridine) radiosensitization by
62 IUdR-DNA analysis 76, 487-489
measurement with duration of S-phase (Ts) 489 potential doubling time (Tpot) 489, 565
Jejunum; see intestine
674
JuxllIglomerular cells 362, 399, 401
K (killer) cell antibody-dcpcndent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
and 262 assay of 272-274 radioresistance of 265, 266
K-value of the oxygen effect 65, 596 Kidney: endocrine functions
erylbropoietin production by 229, 237, 396, 401
renin production by 362, 399-401 Kidney: nephrotoxicity ofraditoherapy/cisplatin
cOmbination 410-413 Kidney: radiation nephropathy; clinical aspects
anaemia in 406 clinical expression of 405-406 functional changes in 406-407 progn:ssion of 125
ageand40S hypenension and 405 work load and 125,404
Kidney: radiation nephropathy; radiobiological aspects
aIIl ratio 409, S86 age effect on 406 in-situ clonogenic assay 26, 407 latency in 125, 406 repair kinetics in 142 residual damagelreirradiation and 172-173 response to multi fraction irradiation in linear-
quadratic model and 142, 158, 409-410
power function mode!I55-1S6 target cells in
endolbelial 402 pan:ncbymal402-404
Kidney: structure and function 396-401
Labelling index (Ll); set in vitro thymidine 3H_ TdR) \abelling index (TLI)
Lactofenin 229 Langelbans celJ 191, 2S8 Larynx
c:an:inoma of 525, 545, 554, 605 Late nonnaI tissue reactions; see alllO brain, heart,
kidney, liver, lung, spinal cord alB ratio 44 chemotherapy/radiotherapy interaction in
96-98 definition of 7, 10 development and progression of 118--120,
131-132 high LET radiations and 74, 7S multifraction irradiation and,
dose per fraction in ISO-IS I
RADIOTHERAPY/RADIOBIOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY
repair kinetics during 139-143 trealment time in 147, 149-150
underlying celJ-survival curve of 143-146 targel cell of 121-123, 143
Latency (latent period) in late nonnallissue responses 119, 131, 132-136,211-213, 314-315,363-364,406,434-436,450
Leukaemia 231, 441, 58S acute lymphoblastic 102, 243, 337, 338, 371,
372,439, S04 chronic myelocytic 503
Leydig cell 328, 335, 336, 337, 338,339,346 LH (luteinizing hormone)
effect of cbemotherapy on the serum level of 338--339,354
effect of ovarian irradialion on serum level of 352,354
effecl of testicular imdiation on the serum level of 335, 336, 337
regulation of ovarian function by 349, 350 regulation of testicular function by 328, 329
LH-releasing hormone 328, 339, 350 Lhermllte's sign of transient demyelination 433 Unear energy transfer (LE'I)
cell cycle related radiosensitivity and 75 cell survival curves and, 31, 39, 72-76 defmilion of 21 DNA damage and 57-58 Iinear-quadratic parameterS and 58, 59, 72-76 multifraction irradidation and 73-74 oxygen effecl and 64-66, 75-76 RBE and 22, 37, 59, 75-76 repair of radiation damage and 59, 154 response of early reacting tissues and 74 response of late reactins tissues and 74-75 response of tumours and 7&-77
Linear-quadratic (LQ) model ce1I-survival curves according to 38--41 dose-time relationships and 41-44, 156-167 dose-survival curves Wldcrlyins tissue
responses and 143-146 frequency of cellular effects and 6 isoeffect doses in multlfraction irradiation and
15&-167 low dose-rate radiation damage and 578--586 stochastic effects and 9-13 validity of 157-158
Linear-quadratic model modiflCd for incomplete repair 168--170
Linear-quadratic model with a lime factor 163-168
Lymphopoiesis bone-marrow and 248, 249 lymph-nodes and 249 mucosal associated lymphoid lissues (MAL 1')
and 249
INDEX
primary lymphoid organs and 249-250 secondary lymphoid organs and 249-250 splenic 249-25 I thymic 249, 2SO-255
Liver: radiation induced damage clinical syndromes of 425-426 combined chcmo-radiolbcrapy in 426 dose-survival curves of hepaIocytcs 28, 46, 422 pathogenesis and target cells in 423-424 pre-existing liver di_ and 425
Locally multiply damaged sites (LMDS) 56, 58, 59
Low dose-rate continuous ill'8diation brachythcrapy 567-568, 574-578 lincar-quaclratic model in 578-586 physical aspects of 567-S68 radiobiological phenomena in 568-574
Lung: chcmotherapy-inducccl damage 388-389 Lung: functional tests
diffusion 376 perfusion 376 ventilation 373-376
Lung: radiation-induced lung damage (clinical aspects)
clinical ayndromes of 270-273 dose-response relationships of 384-386 functional changes due 10 376-379
Lung: radiation induced damage (radiobiological aspects)
alP ratio 384 dose-ratc effect and 38S--386 early (pneumonitis) versus laic (fibrosis)
response in 363-364 repair kinetics in 141-142 response 10 multi fraction irradidation in
Jincar-quadratic model and 160--161, 384-385
power function model and 154-155, 384 slow repair in 154 target ccJls in
combined 369 endothelial 365-366 parenchymal 367-369
volume effect in 386 Lung: radidation-induced damage (radiological
aspects) cr changes in 378-379 radiobiological significance of increased
radiological lung density after 378-379
use of cr in the quantiwion of 380-384 Lung (structure and function)
cc\l popu1ations in type I and n pncumocytes 360--362 endothelial and fibroblasts 362-363
structural and functional organization of
358-360 Lung cancer 102, 104, 560, 607, 613 Lung cndothcIium active products
angiolCllSin-converting enzyme (ACE) 362, 365,387,399,400
675
plasminogen activator enzyme (pLA) 362, 365, 387
prostscyclin (poI2) 362, 365, 387 thromboxane (TXA) 362
Lympbnodes mctastsses 10 77, 162,496, 559
Lymphocyte II'Iffic and nocin:u1atioD 2SO-25t Lymphocytic leukaemia
chronic SOl Lymphoid tissue (immune system)
assay of functions of 269-273 consequcocesofradiation damage 10 266-269,
273-285 dcvdopment of cancer and immWlOSuppression
following irradiation of 268-269 organization and development of 248-249 radiosensitivity of the ccJluJar components of
264 Lymphokine production by helper T -cclls 25g
M-phasc 482, 483, 487, 488 MIG I boundary
b1oc:1case at 64 m-value of the oxygen effect 65 Macrophages
ADCC activity of 262 alveolar surfactant elimination by 368 antigen processing by 2S7 control of boM-manow stem ccJls by 228 delayed type bypersensitivlty and 271 immune suppressor activity by 272 interJeukin-1 and interJeukin-6 production and
258,316 intestinal adhesions formation and 316 Langcrbans cells and 191 mixed lymphocyte JeIICIion and 271 monoclonal antibody (OKM-l) and identiflC8-
tionof270 radioresistance of 265
Major bistocompatibi1ity complex (MHe) cell-mediated cytotoxicity and 272 class I and U (lILA-DR) surface antiSeD
molecules and 252 graft rejection ond 2S2, 361 recognition of self and 263 restriction of BandT lymphocyte activity and
252, 255, 258, 261 risk of cancer dcveIopment and 252
Manlle field 240, 241, 270, 451 Mature (differentiated or functioning) cd)
companment
676
definition of 114 bone-marrow 227 crypt 306 skin 196 stomach 299 testes 325 tumours 462-463 type-F (late reacting) tissues 118
Maximum ,,",oveJ}' potential (MRP) 530-531 Mechlorothamide 338 Medulloblastoma 337, 439, 526 Megakaryocyte 225, 226, 229, 233 Meiosis 325, 347, 348-349 Melanoblast 192, 211 Merkel cell 193 Melanoma 243, 524, 525, 526, 527, 530, 547 Melphalan 68, 92, 628 Memory cells
secondary immune re.ponse and 260 5-Mercaptopurine 338 Methotrexate 90, 91, 338, 426 Metronidazole (Fiagyl) 621, 631, 632 Micro- and macrocolony fonning cell as.ay
24-26,200-201,308,331 Microglia 431 Micronuclei 521, 663 Micro.pheroids 596-598 Miscarriage and ovarian irradiation 352, 354 Misonidazole (MISO); see 2-nitroimidazoles Mitogen activation
Concanavalin A (Con A) 269, 274, 280, 282 Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) 269, 274, 280,
282 Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) 269, 273, 274
Mitomycin C 90, 91, 272, 388 Mitotic cell death 22, 110, 520 Mitotic delay 520, 521-522 Mitotic index 473, 477
stathmokinetic technique of 477 Mixed function radiosensitizers (RSU-I069) 634 Mixed-lymphocyte reaction (MLR) 271, 273, 274,
275, 277, 279 Mixed neutron-photon beam 77-78 Monoclonal antibodies for identifying T -cells
the Leu-series 269 the OKT series 270
MOPP (mustin, oncovin, procarbazine, prednisone) 242, 338
Multiple fractions per day (MFD) radiotherapy 140, 142, S45; see also accelerated fractionalion and hyperfractionation
Myelin basic protein (MBP) as a diagnostic aid in radiation myelitis and leucoencephalopathy 433, 442
N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase in measurement of
RADIOTHERAPY/RADJOBJOLOGY /pHYSIOLOGY
renal tubular function 407 N-acetylcysteine
bleomycin lung damage and 387 radiation lung damage and 387
N-methylforrnamide 63 Nail 193, 197,210 Natural killer cell (NK-cell)
assay of 273, 274 Chediak-Higashi syndrome .nd 263 cytotoxicity to tumour cells and viruses of 263,
282,469 radioresistance of 265, 266, 282
Necrotizing leucoencephalop8thy aetiology of 439 CT findings in 440-441 neuropsychological functions after 441 prevention and control of 442 role of combined chemo-radiotherapy in 439
Nephron 124, 172, 176,396,403 Neuroblastoma 30, 353, 494, 504,527, 530 Neurons 110,432,437 NeuropsychologicaJ functions after cranial
irradiation in childhood 441 Neutrons; set! also linear energy transfer
cancer prostate and radiotherapy with 77 cervical nodal metastases and radiotherapy with
77 domain of radiotherapy with 76-77 gastric emptying and 302 salivary gland tumours and 76 slowly proliferating tumours and radiotherapy
with 76-77 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleutide (NAD) 62 2-Nitroimidazoles
chemosensitization with 628-630 clinical experience with 630-632 cytotoxicity of 623-624 electron-affmity of 66, 613, 621-622 glutathione-depletion by 625-627, 628, 634 hypoxic cell radiosensitization by 66, 613, 622 Iipophilicity of 621,628,632-633 neurotoxicity of613, 622, 532, 633 newer 632-634 nitroreductive products of 614-615,623-624,
625 optimization of the use of 634-636 pharmacokinetics of 621-622 pre-incubation effect of 624 structure and functions of 621 topical use of 630-63 J
Nitrosourea 91, 388 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 103,240,263,303,
476,498, 499, 508, 510, 520, 556 Nonclonigenic predictive assay 662 Nonstochastic radiation effects 8, 10, 14-15 Normalized dose gradient (1) 651-653, 656, 657
INDEX
Nucleosomes 55 Null-lymphocytes (n-cells) 266, 265, 279
Oligodendrocytes myelination and 430-431 transient demyelination and 433 white maner necrosis and 434-435
Oncogenes and regulation of tumour growth 463 Oocyte 110,294,346,347,348,349, 3SO, 351 Oophoropexy 353 Oral cavity
carcinoma of 545, 559 Oropharynx; see pharynx Osteosarcoma 102,500,527,530 OTZ (oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate) 625, 628 Ovary
chemotherapy-induced damage to 354 dose-rate effect and fractionation and radiation
damage to 351-352 endocrine function and regulation of 349-351 Graafian follicle formation in 348 monitoring post-irradiation function of
352-353 oocyte development and maturation in 346-348 radiation effects on 351, 353--354
Oxygen delivery to tissues: manipulation to a therapeutic advantage 636-637
Oxygen effect 64-66, 595-596 cell-cycle and 66 cellular thiols and 66-69 competition model of 66-69 dose-rate and 66, 569 dose size and 66 high LET radiation and 65 mechanisms of 65
Oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) 64-06, 600, 616,617
Oxygen/haemoglobin dissociation curve 609, 635-637
31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy probing hypoxia with 615, 635 testing for reoxygenation with 553
Patterns of growth of human tumours Gompenzian 475-476, 553 simple exponential 475
Peptic ulcer radiation induced 303--304 radiotherapy of 302
Per cent labelled mitosis (PLM) curve determination of the growth fraction cell cycle time and the duration of G I, G2 and
S phases with 478 Perfluorochemicals as oxygen carriers
in cancer therapy 619-621 Pernicious anaemia 303
pH in tumours 78, 553, 615-616, 623, 633, 636-637
Pharynx carcinoma of 539,545, 554, 559, 606, 607,
631,665 Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA); see mitogen
activation
677
Pokeweed mitogen (PWM); see mitogen activa-tion
pi-mesonS Pigmentation of skin after inadiation 211 Pimonidazole (R0-03-8799) 625, 626, 633, 634,
635 Plaque-forming cell (pPC) 270-271 Plasma cells
development from B-cells of 260 radioresistance of 264 secretion of Ig by 260
Plating efficiency 23 Ploidy (the DNA index)
categories of 502 clinical behaviour and
bladder cancer 510-514 breast cancer 505-507 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 510
estrogen receptor status of breast cancer and 506
flow cytometry in the determination of 482484
Pluripotent stem cell 225 Pneumocystis carloH pneumonia 372 Polarography for direct measurement of the
oxygen tension in human tumours 602-604
Poly(ADP-ribose) 62 Polymerase 62 Postcapillary venule 250 Potential doubling time of tumours (Tpot)
adjustment of the Iinear-quadratic formula using 165, 166, 167
clinical behaviour of tumours and correlation with 499-502
definition of 477 detennination of
in vitro labelling index and 480 IUdR/DNA analysis and 489
selection of patients for accerlated fractionation on the basis of 167, SOl, 565, 663
values in human tumours of 496, 499 Potentially lethal damage (PLD)
alpha and beta types of 47 definition of 6,7,44 relationship between sublethal damage and 50
Potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) cell genetics and 49 definition of 6-7, 33--34
678
dose size dependence of 547-548 in "itro demonstration of 44-45 in "ivo demonstration of 45-46 kinetics of 33 modiflC8lion of
chemothcnpeUtic agents and 98 byperthermia and 79 repair inhibitors and 61-62
shape of cell survival curves and 48 shoulder of cell survival curve and a-type of 47 slope of cell survival curve and!l-type of 47, 48 tumolD' JeSpOIISiveness and 547-548 variations during the cell cycle of 47-48
Power functions for dose presenwion of multifraclion irradiation
empiric:a1 power functions for eXpRSSing nonnaJ tisaue tolerance 152-156,
384, 442, 444 NSD-formaJism 147-1512,215,216
Predictive assays 661-663 Primer-available DNA-dcpendem DNA
polymense assay (PDP assay) for the estimation of the growth fnction 481
Procarbazine 87, 338 ProgcsIerone 349, 350, 354 Progression of early (acUIe)Jreactions 115-117,
131-132 Progression of 1ate (cbronic) nonnailissue
reactions 118-120, 132-137 Progressive necrotizing radiculopadly 434-435 Pro1actin 349-350 Prometbium-147207 Prostate
can:inoma of 77, 337, 500, 501, 503, 606, 607, 633
Protection factor 69 ProtonsS P1yalin (a-amylase) 293 Pubertal development and gonadal irradiation 338,
354 Pulmonary metastases SOD, 556 Putative suppressor ce1ls 272, 275, 280, 283
Q-cel\s (qulescenl cel\s) 112, 117,460-462,468 Quasi-threshold doee (Dq) 32 Quality assurance prognunme 662~3 Quantal JeSpOIISC (binary or all or lIOIhin8 effects)
10,121,122,131
226Ra (radium) 233 Radiation myelitis; see spinal cord Radiation nephropathy; Set kidney: radiation
induced damage Radiation pneumonitis; see lung: radiation
induced damage Radioproleclive effect of chemotherapeulic agents
RADIOTHERAPY/RADIOBIOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY
99-100 Radioprotectors 69-71
WR-I065 69,70 WR-2721 69-71,298,363,364,387
Radioresponsiveness of human rumours anaemia and 606-616 higb LET radiation and 76-77 histololicaJ type and 525-526 hypoxia and 602 intrinsic radiosensitivity and 525-528 ploidy and S03-S04 potenliaJly \ethaI damase repair 528-522 proliferation kinetics and 499-502 sub\ethal damage repair and 528 tumour cell heterogeneity and 533-534 volume and 657~
Radiosensitivity variation during the cell-cye\e 63-64, 522-524
RCE (red cell cxtrac:t) 229, 237 Recall phenomenon 99, 455 RcciprocaJ (Fe) plot 42, 95, 140, 145, 146 Rccombinant human panulocyte-macrophale
colony-stimulaling factor (rHuGM-CSF) 243
Recovery ratio (RR) 529, 545-S46 Recurrent rumours
re-inadiation of 535-537 Redistribution 2, 543, 548-550, 568 Repopu\alion 553-556, 568-569 Relative biological effectiveness (RBB)
definition of 22 pmma-ray skin damase and 233 biah LET radiations (neutrons)
a-type damase and 58 p..type damase and S9 dose-dependence of 73 early and lale radiation damage and 76 patrie emplying and 302 slowly proliferating tumours and 75
Relative effectiveness per unit dose (RB) 41, 159-165, 169,580-586
Renal ean:inoma 500, 527, 530 Renal function tests
&iomeru!ar 407 glomerular filtration rate 408
tubular 407 effective IeD8I plasma flow 408-409
ReoXYlenDtion 543, 551}-553, 560, 569, 601, 602, 614,635
Repair inhibitors 61--63 Repair models for cell survival curves 37, 38 Reproductive cell death 22 Residual damage (Re-irradiation) in normal
lissues (dose-remembered) 17I}-173,208, 218,316
Reticulocytes 227, 233
INDEX
Reverse haemolytic assay 270. 274 Rhabdomyosan:oma 102 Rheumaroid anhrllis
IOIa1lymphoid irradiation in 279-281 RNA 34. 63. 484
S-phase fraction (SPF) clinical behaviour and
bJadder cancer 511 breast cancer ~506 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 5W-51O
correlation between ru and 482 f1ow-cytometry for the detennination of 482
Salivary glands cancer of 76. 50 1 clinical consequences of nldiation damage of
295-297 dental caries and dysfunction of 295 tneaSwemenl of function of 295 mucus-secreting 293-294 serous 293-294 sUUCtun: and function of 293-294 target cell of radiation damage of 294-295 WR 2721 protection of 298
Sarcoma 62. 496. 488. 498. 556 Schwann cell 430-431. 434. 435 "So-HeAT (23-selena-25-bomotauro-cholic acid)
test malabsorption of bile salts and 311-312
Sebaceous gland 194. 196.207.210 Sweat glands 194.210 Secondary lymphoid organs (lymph nodes. spleen.
mucosal. associated lymphoid tissues) 248-249
S-phase 64. 79. 91. 483. 487. 488. 497 SIGI boundary
delay at 548 Seminiferous tubule 26. 115.325.327.331; see
also Testes (Germ-cel\ components) Seminoma 303. 334. 335. 337. 338 Sertoli cell 327. 328. 335. 336 SF2 (surviving fraction after 2 Gy)
alpha-parameter and 532 inuinsic radiosensitivity and 59-61. 526-528.
533 predictive assay of 528. 574-575 tumour control probability and 649-650
Sexual development scoring 336 Single strand DNA break 56 Skin appendages; see hair. sebaceous and sweat
glands Skin: dermis
cellular components and sllUelUre of 198-199 capillary endothelium as a target of radidation
damage 10 212 clinical gnuling of late radiation damage 10 213
679
doso-rate and late radiation damage to 217 fibroblasts as a target for late nldiation damage
10211 late radiation damage to
fibrosis in 212 nccrosia in 211 vascular injU1)' in 212-213
overall treaIIIIeIIllime in late nulialion damage 10215
dose per fraction in late radiation damage 10 216
sUUClUre of 191-195 wound healing and radiation damage 10 217
Skin: epidermis area effect in early nldiatioo damage of 208 cell proliferation kinclica in 195-196 clinical manifestations and evo\utioo of early
radiation damage 10 202-204 dose per fraction in early radiation reactions of
216 epidermal proliferation unit 197-198 micro and macrocolony forming cell assay io
200-201 overall time in the acute radiation reactions of
215 regeneration after acute nldiation damage of
206 ro-irradiation and acute radiation damage of
218 scoriog of IICIIIc radiation damage of 204 structun: of 191 wget cell of acute radiation damage of 204
Somatostatin-aecretloo by pstric D cells 300 Spatial cooperation 101-103 Spatial organization of the proliferative activity of
tumours 464-467 Specific energy 21 Sperm count 330. 332. 334 Spermatid 325. 326. 330. 331 Spermatocyte 325. 326.327.330.331.332.347.
348.351 Spermarogenesis 325-327; see also testis (Germ
cell components) Spermatogonium; see also spermatogenesis
A-dark (Ad) 325. 329 A-pale (Ap) 325. 329 B326.329
Spermatozoa 326. 330, 331, 332 Spinal coni: radiation myelitis
oJ)I ratio of 158 clinical syndromes of 432-436 latency 436 repair kinetics in 141 response to mullifraction irradiation of
153-154.442 flexure dose and 158.442
680
linear-quadratic model and 158. 160. 161. 442
powerfunction model and 153-154.442 target cells of
endothelial 435 oligodendrocyte 433-434 Schwann ceD 434. 435
volume effect 174-175. 442-443 Squamous cell ClllCinoma 463. 464. 465. 496. 498.
499. SOl. 527. SS5 Stem cells (compll'llllent)
assay of 23-27 bone-matTOW 224-226. 228. 229. 231. 232.
235-236 crypl3OS.307. 308. 310 definition of 22 bienrchical tissues 112. 113. 116. 117 lale-reacting (flexible) tissues 118 ovary (emboyonic oogonium) 346 skin 195. 187-198.201-202 testis 325. 327. 329. 331-333 tumour 460-462
Stochastic radiation effects 8-13 Stomach
cell proliferation kinetics in 299--300 clinical exJlRSSion of llldiation damage to
303-304 gastric emptying and irradiation of 302-303 poSl-iJradiation peptic ulcer of 303-304 radiation-induced reactions of 301-303 regulation of the functions of 300-301
Strontium-90 199 Subclonogenic cen. (ante-mortem proliferating
cell ordoomcd cell) 22.110. 120. 116. 143
Sublethal damage repair (SLDR) definition of 33 . kinetics of33. 139-142 modification of
chemotherapeutic agents and 98. 100 hyperthennia and 79
multifraction irradiation and. 138-142 relationship between potcntialJy lethal damage
repair and SO shape of the cell survival curve and 36. 39 shoulder of the cell survival curve and 36. 39 split-dose expetiment for the demonstration of
33 Supra-additive effect in drug/radiation interaction
94.95.98.101.411.439.455 Supp .... sor/helper ratio ofT-lymphocytes 273.
275. 277. 280. 282 Suppressor-T lymphocytes
humoml immune .... ponse control by 258 identifICation of 269-270 post-irradiation changes in 273. 275. 276, 277.
RADIOTHERAPY/RADIOBIOLOGYjPHYSIOLOGY
278. 280. 282 surface antigen (T8) of 254
Surfactant (lung) composition and functions of ~362 post-radiation changes of 367-368
T -lymphocytes antigen-binding receptora of 2S4 cell-mediated immunity and 200-262 development and maturation of 2S 1-255 differentiation antigen of
T3 (CD3-complex) 254. 255 T4 (helper T -<:ell) 254 T8 (suppressor T -<:ell) 2S4
domain in secondary lymphoid organs of 248-249
humoral immune response and 258 identification of 269-270 Iymphokine production by 258 radiation effects on 264-266. 268. 273. 275.
277.279.280.282 subpopulations of 248
Target cell hypothesis of nonna! tissue damage 121-123
Taste sensation radiation effect on 297-298 measurement of 298 mechanism of 297-298 WR-2721 protection against radiation damage
to 298 99Tc-colloid 239 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid in the measure
ment of the renal tubular excretion rate 407
~c-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepenta acetic acid) in measurement of the glomerular filtration rate 408
Telangiectasis 131-136. 137.213-214 Teratospermia 334 Testes (endocrine component)
clinical assessment of endocrine function of 335-338
control and regu1ation of endocrine function of 328-329
Leydig cell 328. 335. 336. 337. 339 radiation effect on the endocrine functions of
335-338 ScRoll cell 327-328. 335. 336
Testicular LDH-X 331 Testis (Germ-<:ell components)
cell proliferation kinetics of 325-327 cellular components of 325-327 chemotherapeutic damage to 338 clinical functional assessment of 322 control and relulation of germ cell function of
328-329
INDEX
dose-rate and fractionation in radiation damage to 333
dose-survival relationship of the stem-cells in 331
occupational exposure of 334 protection of spennatogenesis in 339 radiosensitivity of the cellular components of
329--330 recovery of spermatogenesis in 332-333 shon-tenn radiation effects on 330
Testosterone (androgen) 325. 328. 329. 335. 336. 337.339.349
Therapeutic gaiR factor in drug/irradiation interaction 101
Therapeutic ratio 15 ThennaI enhancement ratio 79 Thennotolerance 78 Thoracic duct 250, 264 Thulium-170 207-208 Thymus
honnones (thymosin. thymopoietin and "facteur thymique serique'') secretion by 262
lymphopoiesis in 251-252 T-cell maturation in 252-255
Thyroid gand carcinoma of 500. 501
Tissue rescuing unit (TRU) 123 Tolerance dose 146, 147. 148, 153-156 Tolal body irradiation 225. 231-232. 373, 585 Total lymphoid irradiation
dose-rate effect in 276 hacmatological consequences of 240 immunological consequences of 273. 276-279 mechanisms in the immunological conse-
quences of 275-276 tissue and organ transplantation and 283--285 treatment of intractable rheumatoid and other
autoimmune diseases with 279--281 Totipotent stem-cell 224 Tracie: average linear energy transfer 21 Transit cells (compamoent)
bone marrow 226. 236-237, 238. 242 crypt 306, 309 definition of 114 hierarchical tissues 114. 115. 117 skin 195.204-205.206 testis 325 tumour 262
Transittimc bone marrow 227, 233 crypl306, 307. 308 skin 196. 205 testis 327. 330
Tumour cell heterogeneity and tumour progression 463--464, 6S7~59
Tumour connol probability curve influence of biological heterogeneity on
6S7~9 influence of dosimetric uncertainties on
653--6S7 models of 64~50 steepness of 650-653 volume and 6S7~9
681
Tumour shrinkqe after irradiation and ilS clinical signiflC8RCC S~S60
Tumour vasculature cell heterogeneity and 463 cell loss and 468-469 hypoxia and ~ necrosis and 466-468 paoerns of 465-466 post-irradiation tumour volume reduction and
586 proliferative activity and 466-467 tumour-bed effect and 534-539
Tumour vasculature measurement as an index for hypoxia 603-606; see also vascularization index of human IIIIJIOUB
Tumour volume elfect657~9 Turno"", as cell renewaJ systems 460-463 Two-parameter cytomeIIy
cell-volume versus DNA content 486 distinction between Go and G2+M cells bY 484 estrogen receptor Slatus of breast cancer cells
venus DNA content S08 identifICation of dying cells by 485
Ulcerative oesophagitis 124. 174.393 U1uaviolCl rays (UV)
skin damage bY 205-206 Unconventional fractionation 560-566 Ureter: radiation-induced damage 413--414 UriD8'Y bladder
cyclophosphamide-induced damage to 415-416 irradiation-induced damage to
Q/fS ratio of 417 early and late expression of 416-417 multifraction 417 target cells in 415-416 structural and functional organization of 414
Usher's syndrome 49 Utility function; lie complication-free local
connol
Vascular tissue damage hyperlhennia and 78-79 radiation cardiomyopathy and 450--45 I radiation dermaJ damage and 212-213 radiation encephalopathy and 437 radiation liver damage and 423--424 radiation lung damage and 365-367
682
radiation myelopathy and 434-435 radiation nephropathy and 402 re-irradiation and 536 tumour-bed effect and 534-535
Vascularization index of human tumours 604-605; see also tumour vasculature measurement
Vermapil92 Veno-occlusive disease (VOD) 423, 426 Vinblastine 338 Vinca alkaloids 87, 91 Vincristine 338 Volume doubling time of tumours (Td)
growth rate and correlation with 494-498 log-normal distribution of the values of
495-496 tumour categories values of 496-497
Volume effect brain radiation damage and 444 cardiac radiation damage and 451 intestinal radiation damage and 177 lung radiation dsmage and 175,386 mathematical models of
power law 178 probabilistic 179
normal tissue reactions and 173-178 radiobiological aspects of 173-178 skin radiation damage and 174.208-209 spinal cord damage and 174, 442 tumour control and 657~9 ureteral radiation damage and 413
\Vhitc matter necrosis brain 437 spinal cord 434-435 target cells in 434, 437
Wilm's tumour (nephroblastoma) 102,353.426 Wound healing and the influence of pre- or
postoperative irradiation 160, 217-218 WR-I065; see radioprotectors WR-2721; set radioprotectors
Xenograft 528 Xenon-133
lung perfusion measurement with 376, 377 regional ventilation measurement with 375
Xerostomia 295
Zona pelucida; see Graafian follicle Zona radiata; see Graafian follicle
RADIOTHERAPY /RADIOBIOLOGY /PHYSIOLOGY
