Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen – avniR LCA Conference 2012 – Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre Assessing

Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen – avniR LCA Conference 2012 – Lille, 6-7 November 2012Walloon Agricultural Research Centre

www.cra.wallonie.be

Assessing existing and potential cereal food and non-food uses by

combining E-LCA and S-LCA


www.cra.wallonie.be

Cereals food and non-food uses: « 4F »

Cereals

Human food uses

Energy usesMaterial

usesAnimal feed

uses

FOOD FEED FUEL FIBRE


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ALT-4-CER: which « F’s » of the « 4F » for Wallonia?

SCENARIOS4F

E-LCAS-LCA

LOCAL DATA

demand offer

STAKEHOLDERS

questions / answers

answersadaptation

Key steps:1. To draw the portrait of the Walloon

cereals, and their current and future/potential uses

2. To define several scenarios 2030 acc. to current trends (B-a-U) and contrasting breaks

3. To develop environmental and socio-economic LCA methodologies fed with local data

4. To integrate environmental and socio-economic aspects through multi-criteria analysis with stakeholders

To provide clues for most sustainable and pertinent uses of the cereal resources in Wallonia


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Walloon context: main crops

36%

10%3%

1%

16%

12%

2%2%

3% 8%7%

Winter wheat

Winter barley

Spelt

Grain maize

Forage maize

Sugar beet

Chicory

Linseed

Rapeseed

Potato

Temporary meadowsFlanders

Brussels-Capital

Wallonia

Flanders

Brussels-Capital

Wallonia

Cereals:66%

Source: DGSIE (INS)- Recensement agricole 2010

1%

(% cultivated lands)


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Scenarios 2030: Grains + straw + forage maize

16%

57%64%

36% 43% 28%

13%

28% 11%

33%

4% 15%25%

17%

16%

16%12%

8%6%

6%

5%

9%

31%

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

3 500

4 000

4 500

2010 - baseline 2030 - B-a-U 2030 - strategic 2030 - localisation 2030 -globalisation

1000

T D

M

Export

Fibre (litter, insulator)

Fuel/Biorefinery 1G+2G

Feed

Food

57%

16%

4%

17%6%

64%

13%

16%

6%

36%

28%

15%

16%

5%

43%

11%

25%

12%

9%

28%

33%

8%

31%

1. Business-as-Usual: current trends extrapolated from past 15 years2. Strategic: environmental, economic and social optimization of current system3. Localisation: development of new cereal conversion units in Wallonia + increased

autonomy4. Globalisation: massive export + focus on high added-value products (biorefinery,

bio-based chemistry)


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Scenarios analysis with E-LCA & S-LCA

Society

Ecology Economy

Cover the 3 pillars of sustainable development

Common objective: evaluate environmental and socio-economic consequences of potential changes in the uses of Walloon cereals by 2030, in comparison with current situation (2010) Consequential LCA

E-LCA & S-LCA specific objectives: assess influence of cereal use chains on environmental & socio-economic performances within a given scenario Attributional LCA

Common « 4F » functional unit = 1 ha

LCSA

LCSA


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System boundaries in E-LCA & S-LCA

Agricultural machinery

manufacturers

Cereal producers

Agricultural contractors

Grain wholesalers

Animal breeder/rearer

Distributers Consumers

Agricultural inputs

manufacturers

Physical flow between actors (transport)Influence between actors

Local communities

Processing

Workers

Companies

Farmers

Processing

S-LCA

E-LCA


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Scenarios analysis with E-LCA

Environmental LCA identify regional differencies regarding the cultivation step: (New) cropping practices; Machinery characteristics & fuel consumption; Direct field emissions assessment; Inputs management; Animal feeding & husbandry; etc…

+ Conversion processes based on existing facilities


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• Impact subcategories – Workings hours– Health and safety at work– Local employment– Added value creation

• Stakeholders categories– Workers– Companies– Farmers– (Local communities)

9

• Impact categories

Working conditions

Socio-economic repercussions

Scenarios analysis with S-LCA


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• Working conditions: interviews:– Using methodology Bilan Travail (labor balance for

production step):• Developed by INRA & Institut de l’Elevage in order to assess

work types and share for animal rearing systems• To be adapted for cropping systems

• Use farms’ accounting data collected at the Walloon Region level (FADN-like) (production step)

• Transformation step: data collection from existing facilities

Data inventory in S-LCA & LCC

10

Centre wallon de Recherches agronomiques Unité Biomasse, bioproduits et énergie

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Life Cycle Costing

11

• Detailed costs balance of cereal chains is not the objective of our project not a traditional LLC but a valuation of distribution of added value

• Objective: compare best value chain by studying distribution of costs according to chain link rather than an accurate estimation of their evolution in absolute value

• Are included: stocks, sales, raw materials, labour force costs, etc.

• Could be distributed according to working hours for example


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Multi-criteria Analysis

• Integrate environmental and socio-economic impacts (E-LCA & S-LCA results)

• Involve stakeholders (producers, policy makers, consumers):– Identify most relevant impact categories,

group/prioritize

– (Weight into a global performance indicator?)

12


www.cra.wallonie.be 13

LCI data

Human & eco-toxicity

Ozone layer depletion

Climate change

Acidification

Eutrophication

Abiotic resources use

Working hours

Health & Safety at work

Human health

Ecosystem quality

Resources

Working conditions

Integration

Socio-economic repercussions

Added value creation

Local employment

Midpoint Endpoint

Subcategories Impact categories

E-LCA

S-LCA


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ALT-4-CER: Expected results

Key features of the project:• To involve local stakeholders in all steps (scenario

building, data collection, impact weighting)• To use local data for local issues

Answer key questions raised today in human Societies:“What type of agriculture do we want for tomorrow?

Is it ethically, environmentally and economically sustainable to dedicate cereals resources to other uses

than human food?”End of project: February 2014


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Thank you for your attention!

Contact:Alice DELCOUR, Florence VAN STAPPENWalloon Agricultural Research Centrea. [email protected], [email protected]

Documents

Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen – avniR LCA Conference 2012 – Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre Assessing