Algorithms and Flowcharts for Reference

7/26/2019 Algorithms and Flowcharts for Reference

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ALGORITHMS AND

FLOWCHARTSLesson 1

Lesson 2

Lesson 3

Lesson 4Lesson 5



ALGORITHMS

ANDFLOWCHARTS

1.Algorithms

2.Flowcharts

.A!"a#tag$s a#!Limitatio#s

%.T&'$s o( )owcharts

*.Flowcharti#g t$m'lat$s

+.Flowcharti#g s&m,ols

L $ s s o #

1

-

2 2 .



ALGORITHMS

List of instructions for carrying out some processstep by stepExample Recipe in a cookbook

Choreography for a classical ballet

In computer

!illion of steps of calculationControl of manufacturing process or coor"ination

#hat is your algorithms upon $aking up in themorning%



FLOWCHARTS

Logical se&uence representation

'sing "iagrams

Combination of steps an" operations is performe"

Consists of labelle" geometrical symbols that areinterconnecte" to pro(i"e a pictorial representationof a "ata processing proce"ure)

*isual representation of an algorithm)

'se" by programmer an" other organi+ations



A!"a#tag$s o(

)owcharts1) Language "epen"ent, can be learne" an"

applie" $ithout formal kno$le"ge of aprogramming language

2) Enforcement of focus to a signi-cant matterso(er less signi-cant ones

3) .ro(i"e alternati(e to a narrati(e "escription

of a system or program4) Easier to un"erstan"



Limitatio#s o(

)owcharts1) Computer cannot accept a /o$chart0base"

program

2) Cannot be (ie$e" as a natural $ay ofcommunication

3) Certain "etails often re&uire longinterconnection

4) oes not con(ey # a gi(en set ofoperation is ma"e) nly #)

5) lo$charts "on6t highlight important "etails)



Two t&'$s o(

)owcharts1) .rogram lo$chart 7raphically "escribes in "etails

2) 8ystem lo$chart Interaction bet$een har"$are soft$are an"

personnel

Little information is sho$n



lo$chart 9emplate0use" to "ra$ /o$chart symbols



Flowchart S&m,ols

1) Input:output 8ymbol ;.arallelogram<

2) .rocessing symbol ;Rectangle<

3) ecision symbol ;iamon"<

4) .reparation symbol ;exagon<

5) 9erminal symbol ;(al<

=) .re"e-ne" process symbol ;Rectangle $ith t$o(ertical bars)

>) n0page connecter ;8mall circle<

?) @0page connector ;8mall pentagon<

A) lo$ "irection in"icator ;Brro$hea"s<

1)lo$ lines ;ori+ontal:(ertical lines<



/asicFlowchart

S&m,ols



ALGORITHMS

ANDFLOWCHARTS

1.Drawi#g )owcharts

2.Notatio#s 0s$! i#

)owcharti#g.Ill0strati"$ 'ro,l$ms o#

sim'l$ logic )ow L $ s s o #

2

-

2 .



sample /o$chart

.roblem sol(ing

B typical $orking "ays inthe oDce

the /o$ lines an""irections

$hat are the symbolsuse"%

ho$ symbols are use"%

89BR9

7 9#RF

9BFE BCEEREBF

7 !E

8!E#RF

I8 I9 9I!E 9 7!E%

I8 9E

88LFIG7%

89.

B

B

G

G



NOTATIONS SD IN FLOWCHARTING



Ill0strati"$ 'ro,l$m

3am'l$ A. 9he ra"ius of a circle is e&ual to oneunit) ra$ a /o$chart to compute thecorrespon"ing area of the circle an"print out the (alue of the ra"ius an" the

area)

B suitable algorithm for this problem$oul" be as follo$sH1) e-ne the (alue of the ra"ius ;R< an" .I;e&ual to 3)141=<)2) Calculate the area of the circle BREB .IJRJR)3) .rint out the ra"ius an" its correspon"ingarea)

89BR9

R 1)

.I 3)141=

BREB .IJRJR

EG

.RIG9 RBREB



Ill0strati"$ 'ro,l$m

3am'l$ /.7i(en the numbers B an" C) ra$ a/o$chart that $oul" compute the sum thea(erage an" the pro"uct of these (alues)

B suitable algorithm for this problem $oul"be as follo$sH1) Rea" in (alues of B an" C)2) etermine the sum of the three (alues)3) Compute the a(erage by "i(i"ing the sum

by 3)4) !ultiply the -rst (alue to the secon" (alue

then by the thir" (alue to "etermine thepro"uct of the three (alues

5) .rint out the compute" (alues)

89BR9

EG

8'! BKKC

REB B C

B*E8'!:3

.RBJJC

.RIG98'!B*E.R

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Algorithms and Flowcharts for Reference