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Page 1: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Algebra II

Polynomials: Operations and Functions

www.njctl.org

2013-09-25

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her

Page 2: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Table of Contents

Adding and Subtracting Polynomials

Dividing a Polynomial by a Monomial

Characteristics of Polynomial Functions

Analyzing Graphs and Tables of Polynomial Functions

Zeros and Roots of a Polynomial Function

click on the topic to go to that section

Multiplying a Polynomial by a Monomial

Multiplying Polynomials

Special Binomial Products

Dividing a Polynomial by a Polynomial

Properties of Exponents Review

Writing Polynomials from its Zeros

Page 3: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Properties of Exponents Review

Return toTable ofContents

Page 4: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

Goals and ObjectivesStudents will be able to simplify complex expressions containing exponents.

Page 5: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

Why do we need this?Exponents allow us to condense bigger

expressions into smaller ones. Combining all properties of powers together, we can easily take a complicated expression and

make it simpler.

Page 6: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Properties of Exponents

Page 7: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

Multiplying powers of the same base:

(x4y3)(x3y)

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Can you write this expression in another way??

Page 8: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

(-3a3b2)(2a4b3)

Simplify:

(-4p2q4n)(3p3q3n)

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Page 9: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Work out:

Exponents

xy3 x5y4

. (3x2y3)(2x3y)

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Page 10: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

1 Simplify:

A m4n3p2 B m5n4p3 C mnp9 D Solution not shown

(m4np)(mn3p2)Exponents

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Page 11: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

2 Simplify:

A x4y5 B 7x3y5 C -12x3y4 D Solution not shown

Exponents

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her(-3x3y)(4xy4)

Page 12: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

3 Work out:

A 6p2q4 B 6p4q7 C 8p4q12 D Solution not shown

Exponents

Teac

her2p2q3

4p2q4.

Page 13: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

4 Simplify:

A 50m6q8 B 15m6q8 C 50m8q15 D Solution not shown

Exponents

Teac

her.5m2q3 10m4q5

Page 14: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

5 Simplify:

A a4b11 B -36a5b11 C -36a4b30 D Solution not shown

(-6a4b5)(6ab6)

Exponents

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Page 15: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

Dividing numbers with the same base:

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Page 16: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

Simplify: Teac

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Page 17: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

Try...

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Page 18: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

6 Divide:

A

B

C

D Solutions not shown

Exponents

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Page 19: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

7 Simplify:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 20: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

8 Work out:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 21: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

9 Divide:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 22: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

10 Simplify:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 23: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

Teac

herPower to a power:

Page 24: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

Simplify:

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Page 25: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Try:

Exponents

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Page 26: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

11 Work out:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 27: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

12 Work out:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 28: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

13 Simplify:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 29: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

14 Simplify:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 30: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

15 Simplify:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 31: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Negative and zero exponents:Exponents

Why is this? Work out the following:

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Page 32: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

Sometimes it is more appropriate to leave answers with positive exponents, and other times, it is better to leave answers without

fractions. You need to be able to translate expressions into either form.

Write with positive exponents: Write without a fraction:

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Page 33: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

Simplify and write the answer in both forms.

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Page 34: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

Simplify and write the answer in both forms.

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Page 35: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

Simplify: Teac

her

Page 36: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

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Write the answer with positive exponents.

Page 37: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

16 Simplify and leave the answer with positive exponents:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 38: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

17 Simplify. The answer may be in either form.

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 39: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

18 Write with positive exponents:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 40: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

19 Simplify and write with positive exponents:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 41: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

20 Simplify. Write the answer with positive exponents.

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 42: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

21 Simplify. Write the answer without a fraction.

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 43: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

CombinationsExponents

Usually, there are multiple rules needed to simplify problems with exponents. Try this one. Leave your answers with positive exponents. Te

ache

r

Page 44: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

When fractions are to a negative power, a short cut is to flip the fraction and make the exponent positive.

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Try...

Page 45: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Exponents

Two more examples. Leave your answers with positive exponents.

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Page 46: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

22 Simplify and write with positive exponents:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 47: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

23 Simplify. Answer can be in either form.

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 48: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

24 Simplify and write with positive exponents:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 49: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

25 Simplify and write without a fraction:

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 50: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

26 Simplify. Answer may be in any form.

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 51: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

27 Simplify. Answer may be in any form.

A

B

C

D Solution not shown

Exponents

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Page 52: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

28 Simplify the expression:

A

B

C

D

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for

Answ

er

Page 53: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

29 Simplify the expression:

A

B

C

D

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for

Answ

er

Page 54: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Adding and Subtracting Polynomials

Return toTable ofContents

Page 55: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Vocabulary

A term is the product of a number and one or more variables to a non-negative exponent.

The degree of a polynomial is the highest exponent contained in the polynomial, when more than one variable the degree is found by adding the exponents of each variable Term

degree degree=3+1+2=6

Page 56: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Identify the degree of the polynomials:

Solu

tion

Page 57: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

What is the difference between a monomial and a polynomial?

A monomial is a product of a number and one or more variables raised to non-negative exponents. There is only one term in a monomial.

A polynomial is a sum or difference of two or more monomials where each monomial is called a term. More specifically, if two terms are added, this is called a BINOMIAL. And if three terms are added this is called a TRINOMIAL.

For example: 5x2 32m3n4 7 -3y 23a11b4

For example: 5x2 + 7m 32m + 4n3 - 3yz5 23a11 + b4

Page 58: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Standard Form

The standard form of an polynomial is to put the terms in order from highest degree (power) to the lowest degree.

Example: is in standard form.

Rearrange the following terms into standard form:

Page 59: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Monomials with the same variables and the same power are like terms.

 Like Terms Unlike Terms  4x and -12x  -3b and 3a

 x3y and 4x3y  6a2b and -2ab2

Review from Algebra I

Page 60: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Combine these like terms using the indicated operation.

click

click

click

click

Page 61: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

30 Simplify

A

B

C

D

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for

Answ

er

Page 62: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

31 Simplify

A

B

C

D

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Page 63: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

32 Simplify

A

B

C

D

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Page 64: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

To add or subtract polynomials, simply distribute the + or - sign to each term in parentheses, and then combine the like terms from each polynomial.

Example:

(2a2 +3a -9) + (a2 -6a +3)

Page 65: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Example:

(6b4 -2b) - (6x4 +3b2 -10b)

Page 66: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

33 Add

A

B

C

D

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Page 67: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

34 Add

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B

C

D

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Page 68: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

35 Subtract

A

B

C

D

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for

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Page 69: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

36 Add

A

B

C

D

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Page 70: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

37 Add

A

B

C

D

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Page 71: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

38 Simplify

A

B

C

D

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Page 72: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

39 Simplify

A

B

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Page 73: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

40 Simplify

A

B

C

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Page 74: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

41 Simplify

A

B

C

D

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Page 75: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

42 Simplify

A

B

C

D

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er

Page 76: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

43 What is the perimeter of the following figure? (answers are in units)

A

B

C

D

Pull

for

Answ

er

Page 77: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Multiplying a Polynomialby a Monomial

Return toTable ofContents

Page 78: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Find the total area of the rectangles.

3

5 8 4

square units

square units

Review from Algebra I

Page 79: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

To multiply a polynomial by a monomial, you use the distributive property together with the laws of exponents for multiplication.Example: Simplify.

 -2x(5x2 - 6x + 8)

 (-2x)(5x2) + (-2x)(-6x) + (-2x)(8)

 -10x3 + 12x2 + -16x

 -10x3 + 12x2 - 16x

Review from Algebra I

Page 80: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

YOU TRY THIS ONE! Remember...To multiply a polynomial by a monomial, you use the distributive property together with the laws of exponents for multiplication.

 Multiply: -3x2(-2x2 + 3x - 12)

 6x4 - 9x2 + 36xclick to reveal

Page 81: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

More Practice! Multiply to simplify.

1. 

2. 

3. 

click

click

click

Page 82: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

44 What is the area of the rectangle shown?

A

B

C

D

Pull

for

Answ

er

Page 83: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

45

A

B

C

D

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for

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Page 84: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

46

A

B

C

D

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Page 85: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

47

A

B

C

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Page 86: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

48 Find the area of a triangle (A=1/2bh) with a base of 5y and a height of 2y+2. All answers are in square units.

A

B

C

D

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for

Answ

er

Page 87: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Multiplying Polynomials

Return toTable ofContents

Page 88: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Find the total area of the rectangles.5 8

2

6

sq.units

Area of the big rectangleArea of the horizontal rectanglesArea of each box

Review from Algebra I

Page 89: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Find the total area of the rectangles.

2x 4

x

3

Review from Algebra I

Page 90: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

To multiply a polynomial by a polynomial, you multiply each term of the first polynomials by each term of the second. Then, add like terms.

Some find it helpful to draw arches connecting the terms, others find it easier to organize their work using an area model. Each method is shown below. Note: The size of your area model is determined by how many terms are in each polynomial.

2x

4y

3x 2y

6x2 4xy

12xy 8y2

Example: 

Page 91: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Example 2: Use either method to multiply the following polynomials.

Page 92: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

The FOIL Method can be used to remember how multiply two binomials. To multiply two binomials, find the sum of ....

First terms Outer terms  Inner Terms  Last Terms

Example:

   First Outer Inner Last  

Review from Algebra I

Page 93: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Try it! Find each product.

1) 

2) 

click

click

Page 94: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

3) 

4) 

More Practice! Find each product.

click

click

Page 95: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

49 What is the total area of the rectangles shown?

A

B

C

D

Pull

for

Answ

er

Page 96: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

50

A

B

C

D

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Page 97: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

51

A

B

C

D

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Page 98: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

52

A

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Page 99: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

53

A

B

C

D

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Page 100: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

54 Find the area of a square with a side of

A

B

C

D

Pull

for

Answ

er

Page 101: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

55 What is the area of the rectangle (in square units)?

A

B

C

D

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for

Answ

er

Page 102: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

How would you find the area of the shaded region?

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Page 103: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

56 What is the area of the shaded region (in square units)?

A

B

C

D

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for

Answ

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Page 104: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

57 What is the area of the shaded region (in square units)?

A

B

C

D

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Page 105: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Special Binomial Products

Return toTable ofContents

Page 106: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Square of a Sum

 (a + b)2  (a + b)(a + b)   a2 + 2ab + b2

The square of a + b is the square of a plus twice the product of a and b plus the square of b.

Example: 

Page 107: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Square of a Difference

 (a - b)2  (a - b)(a - b)   a2 - 2ab + b2

The square of a - b is the square of a minus twice the product of a and b plus the square of b.

Example: 

Page 108: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Product of a Sum and a Difference

 (a + b)(a - b) a2 + -ab + ab + -b2  Notice the -ab and ab    a2 - b2 equals 0.

The product of a + b and a - b is the square of a minus the square of b. 

Example:  outer terms equals 0.

Page 109: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Try It!  Find each product.

1.   

2.  

3.  click

click

click

Page 110: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

58

A

B

C

D

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Page 111: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

59

A

B

C

D

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Page 112: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

60 What is the area of a square with sides ?

A

B

C

D

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Answ

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Page 113: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

61

A

B

C

D

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Page 114: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Problem is from:

Click for link for commentary and solution.

A-APRTrina's Triangles

Page 115: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Dividing a Polynomial by a Monomial

Return toTable ofContents

Page 116: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

To divide a polynomial by a monomial, make each term of the polynomial into the numerator of a separate fraction with the

monomial as the denominator.

Page 117: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Examples Click to Reveal Answer

Page 118: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

62 Simplify

A

B

C

D

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Answ

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Page 119: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

63 Simplify

A

B

C

D

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Page 120: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

64 Simplify

A

B

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Page 121: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

65 Simplify

A

B

C

D

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Page 122: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Dividing a Polynomial by a Polynomial

Return toTable ofContents

Page 123: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Long Division of PolynomialsTo divide a polynomial by 2 or more terms,

long division can be used.

Recall long division of numbers.

or

MultiplySubtractBring downRepeatWrite Remainder over divisor

Page 124: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Long Division of Polynomials

To divide a polynomial by 2 or more terms, long division can be used.

MultiplySubtractBring downRepeatWrite Remainder over divisor

-2x2+-6x -10x +3 -10x -30 33

Page 125: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Examples

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Not

es

Page 126: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Example

Solu

tion

Page 127: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Example: In this example there are "missing terms".   Fill in those terms with zero coefficients before dividing.

click

Page 128: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Examples

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Not

es

Page 129: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

66 Divide the polynomial.

A

B

C

D

Pull

for

Answ

er

Page 130: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

67 Divide the polynomial.

A

B

C

D

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for

Answ

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Page 131: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

68 Divide the polynomial.

A

B

C

D

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Answ

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Page 132: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

69 Divide the polynomial.

Pull

Pull

Page 133: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

70 Divide the polynomial.

Pull

Pull

Page 134: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

71 Divide the polynomial.

Pull

Pull

Page 135: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Characteristics ofPolynomial Functions

Return toTable ofContents

Page 136: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Polynomial Functions:Connecting Equations and Graphs

Page 137: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Relate the equation of a polynomial function to its graph.

A polynomial that has an even number for its highest degree is even-degree polynomial.

A polynomial that has an odd number for its highest degree is odd-degree polynomial.

Page 138: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Even-Degree Polynomials Odd-Degree Polynomials

Observations about end behavior?

Page 139: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Even-Degree Polynomials

Positive Lead Coefficient Negative Lead Coefficient

Observations about end behavior?

Page 140: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Odd-Degree Polynomials

Observations about end behavior?Positive Lead Coefficient Negative Lead Coefficient

Page 141: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

End Behavior of a Polynomial

Lead coefficient is positive

Left End Right End

Lead coefficientis negative

Left End Right End

Even- Degree Polynomial

Odd- Degree Polynomial

Page 142: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

72 Determine if the graph represents an odd-degree or an even degree polynomial,and if the lead coefficient is positive or negative.

A odd and positive

B odd and negative

C even and positive

D even and negative

Pull

for

Answ

er

Page 143: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

73 Determine if the graph represents an odd-degree or an even degree polynomial,and if the lead coefficient is positive or negative.

A odd and positive

B odd and negative

C even and positive

D even and negative

Pull

for

Answ

er

Page 144: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

74 Determine if the graph represents an odd-degree or an even degree polynomial,and if the lead coefficient is positive or negative.

A odd and positive

B odd and negative

C even and positive

D even and negative

Pull

for

Answ

er

Page 145: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

75 Determine if the graph represents an odd-degree or an even degree polynomial,and if the lead coefficient is positive or negative.

A odd and positive

B odd and negative

C even and positive

D even and negative

Pull

for

Answ

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Page 146: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Odd-functions not only have the highest exponent that is odd,but all of the exponents are odd.

An even-function has only even exponents.Note: a constant has an even degree ( 7 = 7x0)

Examples:

Odd-function Even-function Neither

f(x)=3x5 -4x3 +2x

h(x)=6x4 -2x2 +3

g(x)= 3x2 +4x -4

y=5x y=x2 y=6x -2

g(x)=7x7 +2x3

f(x)=3x10 -7x2

r(x)= 3x5 +4x3 -2

Page 147: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

76 Is the following an odd-function, an even-function, or neither?

A Odd

B Even

C Neither

Pull

for

Answ

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Page 148: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

77 Is the following an odd-function, an even-function, or neither?

A Odd

B Even

C Neither

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Page 149: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

78 Is the following an odd-function, an even-function, or neither?

A Odd

B Even

C Neither

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Page 150: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

79 Is the following an odd-function, an even-function, or neither?

A Odd

B Even

C Neither

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Page 151: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

80 Is the following an odd-function, an even-function, or neither?

A Odd

B Even

C Neither

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Page 152: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

An odd-function has rotational symmetry about the origin.

Definition of an Odd Function

Page 153: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

An even-function is symmetric about the y-axis

Definition of an Even Function

Page 154: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

81 Pick all that apply to describe the graph.

A Odd- Degree

B Odd- Function

C Even- Degree

D Even- Function

E Positive Lead Coefficient

F Negative Lead Coefficient

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Page 155: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

82 Pick all that apply to describe the graph.

A Odd- Degree

B Odd- Function

C Even- Degree

D Even- Function

E Positive Lead Coefficient

F Negative Lead Coefficient

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Page 156: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

83 Pick all that apply to describe the graph.

A Odd- Degree

B Odd- Function

C Even- Degree

D Even- Function

E Positive Lead Coefficient

F Negative Lead Coefficient

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Page 157: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

84 Pick all that apply to describe the graph.

A Odd- Degree

B Odd- Function

C Even- Degree

D Even- Function

E Positive Lead Coefficient

F Negative Lead Coefficient

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Page 158: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

85 Pick all that apply to describe the graph.

A Odd- Degree

B Odd- Function

C Even- Degree

D Even- Function

E Positive Lead Coefficient

F Negative Lead Coefficient

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Page 159: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Zeros of a Polynomial

Zeros are the points at which the polynomial intersects the x-axis.

An even-degree polynomial with degree n, can have 0 to n zeros.

An odd-degree polynomial with degree n,will have 1 to n zeros

Page 160: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

86 How many zeros does the polynomial appear to have?

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Page 161: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

87 How many zeros does the polynomial appear to have?

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Page 162: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

88 How many zeros does the polynomial appear to have?

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Page 163: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

89 How many zeros does the polynomial appear to have?

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Page 164: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

90 How many zeros does the polynomial appear to have?

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Page 165: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

91 How many zeros does the polynomial appear to have?

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Page 166: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Analyzing Graphs and Tables of Polynomial Functions

Return toTable ofContents

Page 167: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

X Y-3 58-2 19-1 00 -51 -22 33 44 -5

A polynomial function can graphed by creating a table, graphing the points, and then connecting the points with a smooth curve.

Page 168: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

X Y-3 58-2 19-1 00 -51 -22 33 44 -5

How many zeros does this function appear to have?

Page 169: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

X Y-3 58-2 19-1 00 -51 -22 33 44 -5

There is a zero at x = -1, a second between x = 1 and x = 2, and a third between x = 3 and x = 4. Can we recognize zeros given only a table?

Page 170: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Intermediate Value TheoremGiven a continuous function f(x), every value between f(a) and f(b) exists.

Let a = 2 and b = 4,then f(a)= -2 and f(b)= 4.

For every x value between 2 and 4, there exists a y-value between -2 and 4.

Page 171: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

X Y-3 58-2 19-1 00 -51 -22 33 44 -5

The Intermediate Value Theorem justifies saying that there is a zero between x = 1 and x = 2 and that there is another between x = 3 and x = 4.

Page 172: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

92 How many zeros of the continuous polynomial given can be found using the table?

X Y-3 -12-2 -4-1 10 31 02 -23 44 -5

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Page 173: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

93 Where is the least value of x at which a zero occurs on this continuous function? Between which two values of x?

A -3

B -2

C -1

D 0

E 1

F 2

G 3

H 4

X Y-3 -12-2 -4-1 10 31 02 -23 44 -5

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Page 174: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

94 How many zeros of the continuous polynomial given can be found using the table?

X Y-3 2-2 0-1 50 21 -32 43 44 -5

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Page 175: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

95 What is the least value of x at which a zero occurs on this continuous function?

A -3

B -2

C -1

D 0

E 1

F 2

G 3

H 4

X Y-3 2-2 0-1 50 21 -32 43 44 -5

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Page 176: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

96 How many zeros of the continuous polynomial given can be found using the table?

X Y-3 5-2 1-1 -10 -41 -52 -23 24 0

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Page 177: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

97 What is the least value of x at which a zero occurs on this continuous function? Give the consecutive integers.

A -3

B -2

C -1

D 0

E 1

F 2

G 3

H 4

X Y-3 5-2 1-1 -10 -41 -52 -23 24 0

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Page 178: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Relative Maximums and Relative MinimumsRelative maximums occur at the top of a local "hill".Relative minimums occur at the bottom of a local "valley".

There are 2 relative maximum points at x = -1 and the other at x = 1 The relative maximum value is -1 (the y-coordinate).

There is a relative minimum at x =0 and the value of -2

Page 179: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

How do we recognize "hills" and "valleys" or the relative maximums and minimums from a table?

X Y-3 5-2 1-1 -10 -41 -52 -23 24 0

In the table x goes from -3 to 1, y is decreasing. As x goes from 1 to 3, y increases. And as x goes from 3 to 4, y decreases.

Can you find a connection between y changing "directions" and the max/min?

Page 180: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

When y switches from increasing to decreasing there is a maximum. About what value of x is there a relative max?

X Y-3 5-2 1-1 -10 -41 -52 -23 24 0

Relative Max:

click to reveal

Page 181: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

When y switches from decreasing to increasing there is a minimum. About what value of x is there a relative min?

X Y-3 5-2 1-1 -10 -41 -52 -23 24 0

Relative Min:

click to reveal

Page 182: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Since this is a closed interval, the end points are also a relative max/min. Are the points around the endpoint higher or lower?

X Y-3 5-2 1-1 -10 -41 -52 -23 24 0

Relative Min:

Relative Max:

click to reveal

click to reveal

Page 183: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

98 At about what x-values does a relative minimum occur?

A -3

B -2

C -1

D 0

E 1

F 2

G 3

H 4

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Page 184: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

99 At about what x-values does a relative maximum occur?

A -3

B -2

C -1

D 0

E 1

F 2

G 3

H 4

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Page 185: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

100 At about what x-values does a relative minimum occur?

A -3

B -2

C -1

D 0

E 1

F 2

G 3

H 4

X Y-3 5-2 1-1 -10 -41 -52 -23 24 0

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Page 186: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

101 At about what x-values does a relative maximum occur?

A -3

B -2

C -1

D 0

E 1

F 2

G 3

H 4

X Y-3 5-2 1-1 -10 -41 -52 -23 24 0

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Page 187: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

102 At about what x-values does a relative minimum occur?

A -3

B -2

C -1

D 0

E 1

F 2

G 3

H 4

X Y-3 2-2 0-1 50 21 -32 43 44 -5

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Page 188: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

103 At about what x-values does a relative maximum occur?

A -3

B -2

C -1

D 0

E 1

F 2

G 3

H 4

X Y-3 2-2 0-1 50 21 -32 43 54 -5

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Page 189: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

104 At about what x-values does a relative minimum occur?

A -3

B -2

C -1

D 0

E 1

F 2

G 3

H 4

X Y-3 -12-2 -4-1 10 31 02 -23 44 -5

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Page 190: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

105 At about what x-values does a relative maximum occur?

A -3

B -2

C -1

D 0

E 1

F 2

G 3

H 4

X Y-3 -12-2 -4-1 10 31 02 -23 44 -5 Pu

ll fo

r An

swer

Page 191: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Finding Zeros of a Polynomial Function

Return toTable ofContents

Page 192: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Vocabulary

A zero of a function occurs when f(x)=0

An imaginary zero occurs when the solution to f(x)=0, contains complex numbers.

Page 193: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

The number of the zeros of a polynomial, both real and imaginary, is equal to the degree of the polynomial.

This is the graph of a polynomial with degree 4. It has four unique zeros: -2.25, -.75, .75, 2.25

Since there are 4 real zerosthere are no imaginary zeros4 - 4= 0

Page 194: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

When a vertex is on the x-axis, that zero counts as two zeros.

This is also a polynomial of degree 4. It has two unique real zeros: -1.75 and 1.75. These two zeros are said to have a Multiplicity of two.

Real Zeros -1.75 1.75

There are 4 real zeros, therefore, no imaginary zeros for this function.

Page 195: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

106 How many real zeros does the polynomial graphed have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 196: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

107 Do any of the zeros have a multiplicity of 2?

Yes

No

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Page 197: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

108 How many imaginary zeros does this 8th degree polynomial have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 198: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

109 How many real zeros does the polynomial graphed have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 199: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

110 Do any of the zeros have a multiplicity of 2?

Yes

No

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Page 200: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

111 How many imaginary zeros does the polynomial graphed have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 201: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

112 How many real zeros does this 5th-degree polynomial have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 202: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

113 Do any of the zeros have a multiplicity of 2?

Yes

No

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Page 203: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

114 How many imaginary zeros does this 5th-degree polynomial have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 204: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

115 How many real zeros does the 6th degree polynomial have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 205: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

116 Do any of the zeros have a multiplicity of 2?

Yes

No

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Page 206: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

117 How many imaginary zeros does the 6th degree polynomial have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 207: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Recall the Zero Product Property.

If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.

Find the zeros, showing the multiplicities, of the following polynomial.

or or or

There are four real roots: -3, 2, 5, 6.5 all with multiplicity of 1.There are no imaginary roots.

Finding the Zeros without a graph:

Page 208: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Find the zeros, showing the multiplicities, of the following polynomial.

or or or or

This polynomial has five distinct real zeros: -6, -4, -2, 2, and 3.-4 and 3 each have a multiplicity of 2 (their factors are being squared)There are 2 imaginary zeros: -3i and 3i. Each with multiplicity of 1.There are 9 zeros (count -4 and 3 twice) so this is a 9th degree polynomial.

Page 209: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

118 How many distinct real zeros does the polynomial have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 210: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Find the zeros, both real and imaginary, showing the multiplicities, of the following polynomial:

This polynomial has1 real root: 2and 2 imaginary roots:-1i and 1i. They are simple roots with multiplicities of 1.

click to reveal

Page 211: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

119 How many distinct imaginary zeros does the polynomial have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5 Pull

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Page 212: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

120 What is the multiplicity of x=1?

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Page 213: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

121 How many distinct real zeros does the polynomial have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 214: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

122 How many distinct imaginary zeros does the polynomial have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 215: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

123 What is the multiplicity of x=1?

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Page 216: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

124 How many distinct real zeros does the polynomial have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 217: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

125 How many distinct imaginary zeros does the polynomial have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 218: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

126 What is the multiplicity of x=1?

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Page 219: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

127 How many distinct real zeros does the polynomial have?

A 0

B 5

C 6

D 7

E 8

F 9 Pull

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Page 220: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

128 What is the multiplicity of x=1?

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Page 221: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

129 How many distinct imaginary zeros does the polynomial have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

F 5

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Page 222: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Find the zeros, showing the multiplicities, of the following polynomial.

or or

or or

This polynomial has two distinct real zeros: 0, and 1.There are 3 zeros (count 1 twice) so this is a 3rd degree polynomial.1 has a multiplicity of 2 (their factors are being squared).0 has a multiplicity of 1.There are 0 imaginary zeros.

Review from Algebra I

To find the zeros, you must first write the polynomial in factored form.

Page 223: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Find the zeros, showing the multiplicities, of the following polynomial.

or

or

or

There are two distinct real zeros: , both with a multiplicity of 1.There are two imaginary zeros: , both with a multiplicity of 1.

This polynomial has 4 zeros.

Page 224: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

130 How many possible zeros does the polynomial function have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

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Page 225: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

131 How many REAL zeros does the polynomial equation

have?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

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Page 226: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

132 What are the zeros of the polynomial function , with multiplicities?

A x = -2, mulitplicity of 1

B x = -2, multiplicity of 2

C x = 3, multiplicity of 1

D x = 3, multiplicity of 2

E x = 0 multiplicity of 1

F x = 0 multiplicity of 2

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Page 227: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

133 Find the zeros of the following polynomial equation, including multiplicities.

A x = 0, multiplicity of 1

B x = 3, multiplicity of 1

C x = 0, multiplicity of 2

D x = 3, multiplicity of 2

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Page 228: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

134 Find the zeros of the polynomial equation, including multiplicities

A x = 2, multiplicity 1

B x = 2, multiplicity 2

C x = -i, multiplicity 1

D x = i, multiplicity 1

E x = -i, multiplcity 2

F x = i, multiplicity 2

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Page 229: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

135 Find the zeros of the polynomial equation, including multiplicities

A 2, multiplicity of 1

B 2, multiplicity of 2

C -2, multiplicity of 1

D -2, multiplicity of 2

E , multiplicity of 1

F , multiplicity of 2

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Page 230: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Find the zeros, showing the multiplicities, of the following polynomial.

To find the zeros, you must first write the polynomial in factored form.

However, this polynomial cannot be factored using normal methods. What do you do when you are STUCK??

RATIONAL ZEROS THEOREM

Page 231: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

RATIONAL ZEROS THEOREMMake list of POTENTIAL rational zeros and test it out.

Potential List:

Test out the potential zeros by using the Remainder Theorem.

Remainder Theorem For a polynomial p(x) and a possible zero a, (x-a) is a factor of p(x) if and only if p(a) = 0.

Page 232: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

1 is a distinct zero, therefore (x -1) is a factor of the polynomial. Use POLYNOMIAL DIVISION to factor out.

Using the Remainder Theorem.

or or

or or

This polynomial has three distinct real zeros: -2, -1/3, and 1, each with a multiplicity of 1.There are 0 imaginary zeros.

Teac

her

Note

s

Page 233: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Find the zeros using the Rational Zeros Theorem, showing the multiplicities, of the following polynomial.

Potential List:

±

±1

-3 is a distinct zero, therefore (x+3) is a factor. Use POLYNOMIAL DIVISION to factor out.

Remainder Theorem

Page 234: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

or or

or or

This polynomial has two distinct real zeros: -3, and -1.-3 has a multiplicity of 2 (their factors are being squared).-1 has a multiplicity of 1.There are 0 imaginary zeros.

Page 235: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

136 Find the zeros of the polynomial equation, including multiplicities using the Rational Zeros Theorem

A x = 1, multiplicity 1

B x = 1, mulitplicity 2

C x = 1, multiplicity 3

D x = -3, multiplicity 1

E x = -3, multiplicity 2

F x = -3, multiplicity 3

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Page 236: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

137 Find the zeros of the polynomial equation, including multiplicities using the Rational Zeros Theorem

A x = -2, multiplicity 1

B x = -2, multiplicity 2

C x = -2, multiplicity 3

D x = -1, multiplicity 1

E x = -1, multiplicity 2

F x = -1, multiplicity 3

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Page 237: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

138 Find the zeros of the polynomial equation, including multiplicities using the Rational Zeros Theorem.

A , multiplicity 1

B , multiplicity 1

C , multiplicity 1

D , multiplicity 1

E x = 1, multiplicity 1

F x = -1, multiplicity 1

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Page 238: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

139 Find the zeros of the polynomial equation, including multiplicities using the Rational Zeros Theorem

A x = 1, multiplicity 1

B x = -1, multiplicity 1

C x = 3, multiplicity 1

D x = -3, multiplicity 1

E x = , multiplicity 1

F x = , multiplicity 1

G x = , multiplicity 1

H x = , multiplicity 1

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Page 239: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

140 Find the zeros of the polynomial equation, including multiplicities using the Rational Zeros Theorem

A x = -1, mulitplicity 1

B x = -1, mulitplicity 2

C x = , multiplicity 1

D x = , multiplicity 1

E x = , multiplicity 2

F x = , multiplicity 2

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Page 240: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

141 Find the zeros of the polynomial equation, including multiplicities using the Rational Zeros Theorem

A x = -1, multiplicity 1

B x = -1, multiplicity 2

C x = 1, multiplicity 1

D x = 1, multiplicity 2

E x = , multiplicity 1

F x = , multiplicity 2

G x = , multiplicity 1

H x = , multiplicity 2

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Page 241: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Writing a Polynomial Function from its Given

Zeros

Return toTable ofContents

Page 242: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Write the polynomial function of lowest degree using the given zeros, including any multiplicities.

x = -1, multiplicity of 1x = -2, multiplicity of 2x = 4, multiplicity of 1

or or or

or or or

Work backwards from the zeros to the original polynomial.

Write the zeros in factored form by placing them back on the other side of the equal sign.

Page 243: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

142 Write the polynomial function of lowest degree using the zeros from the given graphs, including any multiplicities.

A

B

C

D

x = -.5, multiplicity of 1x = 3, multiplicity of 1x = 2.5, multiplicity of 1

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Page 244: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

143 Write the polynomial function of lowest degree using the zeros from the given graphs, including any multiplicities.

A

B

C

D

x = 1/3, multiplicity of 1x = -2, multiplicity of 1x = 2, multiplicity of 1

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Page 245: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

144 Write the polynomial function of lowest degree using the zeros from the given graphs, including any multiplicities.

A

B

C

D

E

x = 0, multiplicity of 3x = -2, multiplicity of 2x = 2, multiplicity of 1x = 1, multiplicity of 1x = -1, multiplicity of 2

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Page 246: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

145 Write the polynomial function of lowest degree using the zeros from the given graphs, including any multiplicities.

A

B

C

D

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Page 247: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

146 Write the polynomial function of lowest degree using the zeros from the given graphs, including any multiplicities.

A

B

C

D

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Page 248: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

147 Write the polynomial function of lowest degree using the zeros from the given graphs, including any multiplicities.

A

B

C

D

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Page 249: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

Write the polynomial function of lowest degree using the zeros from the given graphs, including any multiplicities.

x = -2

x = -1

x = 1.5 x = 3

x = -2

x = -1

x = 1.5

x = 3

or or or

Page 250: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

When the sum of the real zeros, including multiplicities, does not equal the degree, the other zeros are imaginary.

This is a polynomial of degree 6. It has 2 real zeros and 4 imaginary zeros.

Real Zeros -2 2

Page 251: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

148 Determine if the graph represents an odd-degree or an even degree polynomial,and if the lead coefficient is positive or negative.

A even and positive

B even and negative

C odd and positive

D odd and negative

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Page 252: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

149 Write the polynomial function of lowest degree using the zeros from the given graphs, including any multiplicities.

A

B

C

D

E

F

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Page 253: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

150 Determine if the graph represents an odd-degree or an even degree polynomial,and if the lead coefficient is positive or negative.

A odd and positive

B odd and negative

C even and positive

D even and negative

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Page 254: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

151 Write the polynomial function of lowest degree using the zeros from the given graphs, including any multiplicities.

A

B

C

D

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Page 255: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

152 Determine if the graph represents an odd-degree or an even degree polynomial,and if the lead coefficient is positive or negative.

A odd and positive

B odd and negative

C even and positive

D even and negative

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Page 256: Algebra II Po lynomials:  Operations and Functions

153 Write the polynomial function of lowest degree using the zeros from the given graphs, including any multiplicities.

A

B

C

D

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