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Algae and Trout:Algae and Trout:Beauty and the Beauty and the
BeastBeast
Russ RhodesRuss Rhodes
An algal lover fromAn algal lover from
Springfield, MissouriSpringfield, Missouri
Plan for the EveningPlan for the Evening
What are algae (size, color, clothes, What are algae (size, color, clothes, shapes, mobility, contents)?shapes, mobility, contents)?
What are their requirements?What are their requirements? Where do you find algae?Where do you find algae? What is the relationship between algae What is the relationship between algae
and trout?and trout? What are some problems with algae?What are some problems with algae? QuizQuiz Open discussionOpen discussion
Size RangeSize Range
MicroscopicMicroscopic
MacroscopicMacroscopic
ColorColor
GreenGreen Golden brownGolden brown Reddish brownReddish brown BrownBrown RedRed Blue greenBlue green
Clothes (External Clothes (External Coverings)Coverings)
CelluloseCellulose ProteinProtein Calcium Calcium
carbonate (chalk)carbonate (chalk) GlassGlass NakedNaked
ShapesShapes
SphericalSpherical SpindleSpindle ColonialColonial Filamentous Filamentous
(thread-like)(thread-like)
MobilityMobility
Attached (no Attached (no mobility)mobility)
Attached Attached (mobility)(mobility)
Swimming (“small Swimming (“small oars”)oars”)
Floating (internal Floating (internal air sacs)air sacs)
Creeping Creeping (“internal aids”(“internal aids”
Contents of AlgaeContents of Algae
StarchStarch
ProteinProtein
OilsOils
Requirements for GrowthRequirements for Growth SunlightSunlight Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide Nitrogen (nitrates, Nitrogen (nitrates,
ammonia, and ammonia, and gaseous nitrogen) gaseous nitrogen)
Phosphorus Phosphorus (phosphates and (phosphates and organic organic phosphatesphosphates
Other nutrients Other nutrients (silicon, (silicon, magnesium, etc.magnesium, etc.
Where do you find Algae?Where do you find Algae?
Ice and snowIce and snow Hot springsHot springs Any body of waterAny body of water LakesLakes OceansOceans Any kind of Any kind of
substrate, sand, substrate, sand, mud, rock, other mud, rock, other algae, trees, algae, trees,
animalsanimals
Relationships of Algae to Relationships of Algae to their Environmenttheir Environment
Primary producer, Primary producer, oxygen source for oxygen source for world, food source world, food source for most oceanic for most oceanic and much of the and much of the freshwater animalsfreshwater animals
Habitat producer, Habitat producer, site for site for colonization, colonization, refugerefuge
What about Trout?What about Trout?
Trout come in a Trout come in a variety of colors and variety of colors and types alsotypes also
They have wide They have wide distribution, world distribution, world widewide
Trout consume a Trout consume a wide variety of wide variety of animalsanimals
Especially scudEspecially scud
Some Types of TroutSome Types of Trout
Brook troutBrook trout Brown troutBrown trout Rainbow troutRainbow trout Lake troutLake trout Cutthroat Cutthroat Bull troutBull trout
Apache troutApache trout Dolly vardenDolly varden Gila troutGila trout Golden troutGolden trout SplakeSplake Speckled troutSpeckled trout
Scud (Scud (GammarusGammarus, , an amphipod)an amphipod)
Small Small invertebrateinvertebrate
GrazerGrazer HabitatHabitat Rocks, sand, Rocks, sand,
algaealgae
Some Genera of Diatoms Some Genera of Diatoms Eaten by ScudEaten by Scud
AchnanthesAchnanthes AmphoraAmphora CocconeisCocconeis CyclotellaCyclotella DiatomaDiatoma FragilariaFragilaria GomphonemaGomphonema
GryosigmaGryosigma MelosiraMelosira NaviculaNavicula NitzschiaNitzschia OpephoraOpephora RhoicospheniaRhoicosphenia SynedraSynedra
Diatoms, Food for ScudDiatoms, Food for Scud
Whoa there, what’s this?Whoa there, what’s this?
Animal?Animal? Plant?Plant? Mineral?Mineral?
Problems with AlgaeProblems with Algae
Algal toxinsAlgal toxins HypoxiaHypoxia SmellSmell TasteTaste CompetitionCompetition
Some of the Blue-green Algal Genera and Their Toxins (Not all species in a genus produce toxins.)
http://lurac.latrobe.edu.au/~botbml/cyanotox.htmlhttp://lurac.latrobe.edu.au/~botbml/cyanos.html
• Anabaena• Anabaenopsis• Aphanizomenon• Cylindrospermopsis• Lyngbya• Microsystis• Nodularia• Phormidium• Planktothrix
• Anatoxins, Microcystins• Microsystins• Saxitoxins• Cylindrospermopsins• Aplysiatoxins• Microcystins• Nodularin• Anatoxin• Microcystins, Saxitoxins
ToxinsAlgal Genus
HypoxiaHypoxia
Courtesy: Dr. Robert Diaz, VIMS: Dead Zones on a World Wide Scale http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/OCDST/dead_zones.html
And now to the BlobAnd now to the Blob
It was a plant!It was a plant! The species is The species is Didymosphenia Didymosphenia
geminatageminata.. The plant type is a diatom.The plant type is a diatom. World wide distributionWorld wide distribution Similar problems in Washington, Similar problems in Washington,
Canada, England, ArkansasCanada, England, Arkansas
Canada Canada DidymospheniaDidymosphenia has been reported to grow to nuisance has been reported to grow to nuisance
levels in a number of river systems around the province levels in a number of river systems around the province — especially throughout central Vancouver Island, — especially throughout central Vancouver Island, where it was first reported in 1989. It has also been where it was first reported in 1989. It has also been found in significant quantities in the Bulkley, South found in significant quantities in the Bulkley, South Thompson, Kettle, Columbia and Kootenay Rivers.Thompson, Kettle, Columbia and Kootenay Rivers.
The Blob in ArkansasThe Blob in Arkansas
Didymosphenia geminataDidymosphenia geminata
Colonial diatomColonial diatom Cells divideCells divide Attachment as Attachment as
gelatinous stalksgelatinous stalks Massive plantMassive plant Cells (200-300 Cells (200-300
microns long)microns long)
Growth of Growth of DidymospheniaDidymosphenia
Small “seed” Small “seed” plants on rocksplants on rocks
Probable needs for Probable needs for massive growthmassive growth
Bright sunlightBright sunlight Slack waterSlack water Reduced Reduced
phosphatephosphate
Back at the TailraceBack at the Tailrace
The QuizThe Quiz
The title: Algae The title: Algae and Troutand Trout
The subtitle: The subtitle: Beauty and the Beauty and the BeastBeast
Which is which?Which is which?or
Thanks for having me!Thanks for having me! Many of the great photos were courtesy of Scott Branyan and Many of the great photos were courtesy of Scott Branyan and
Bob BritzkeBob Britzke The colorful diatom was courtesy of Mike Samworth, UKThe colorful diatom was courtesy of Mike Samworth, UK