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Alexis Comber Publications Papers in Peer Reviewed Journals Foody, G.M., See, L., Fritz, S., Van der Velde, M., Perger, C., Schill, C., Boyd, D.S. and

Comber, A., (in press). Accurate attribute mapping from volunteered geographic information: issues of volunteer quantity and quality. Paper accepted for publication in The Cartographic Journal (October 2013)

Comber, A., Brunsdon, C., See, L., Fritz, S. and McCallum, I. (2013). Comparing expert and non-expert conceptualisations of the land: an analysis of crowdsourced land cover data. Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Spatial Information Theory, 8116: 243-260, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-01790-7_14

See, L., Comber, A.J., Salk, C., Fritz, S., Van der Velde, M., Perger, C., Schill, C., McCallum, I., Kraxner, F. and Obersteiner M. (2013). Comparing the Quality of Crowdsourced Data Contributed by Expert and Non-Experts. PLoS ONE 8(7): e69958. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069958.

Zhou, R., Li, Y., Umezaki, M., Ding, Y., Jiang, H., Comber, A. and Fu, H. (2013). Association between physical activity and neighborhood environment among middle-age adults in Shanghai. Journal of Environmental and Public Health http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/239595

Comber, A., See, L., Fritz, S., Van der Velde, M., Perger, C., Foody, G.M. (2013). Using control data to determine the reliability of volunteered geographic information about land cover. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 23: 37–48 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.11.002

Khalefa, E., Smit, I.P.J., Nickless, A., Archibald, S., Comber, A. and Balzter, H. (2013). Retrieval of savannah vegetation height from ICESat-GLAS speacborne LiDAR with terrain correction. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2259793

Comber A.J., (2013). Geographically weighted methods for estimating local surfaces of overall, user and producer accuracies. Remote Sensing Letters, 4(4): 373-380 DOI: 10.1080/2150704X.2012.736694

Comber, A., Fisher, P.F., Brunsdon, C. and Khmag, A. (2012). Spatial analysis of remote sensing image classification accuracy. Remote Sensing of Environment, 127: 237–246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.09.005

Brunsdon, C. and Comber, A.J. (2012). Experiences with Citizen Science: Assessing Changes in the North American Spring. Geoinformatica DOI 10.1007/s10707-012-0159-6

Comber A., Brunsdon, C. and Farmer, C. (2012). Community detection in spatial networks: inferring land use from a planar graph of land cover objects. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 8: 274–282.

Comber A., Brunsdon, C. and Phillips, M. (2012). The varying impact of geographic distance as a predictor of dissatisfaction over facility access. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 5: 333–352, DOI: 10.1007/s12061-011-9074-8

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Carver S, Comber A, McMorran R and Nutter S. (2012). A GIS model for mapping spatial patterns and distribution of wild land in Scotland. Landscape and Urban Planning, 104 (2012) 395–409.

Comber, A., Umezaki, M., Zhou, R., Ding, Y., Li, Y., Fu, H, Jiang, H. and Tewkesbury, A. (2012). Using shadow in high resolution imagery to map residential density. Remote Sensing Letters, 3:7, 551-556

Comber A., Brunsdon, C. and Radburn, R. (2011). A spatial analysis of variations in health access: linking geography, socio-economic status and access perceptions. International Journal of Health Geographics, 10:44

Comber, A.J., Sasaki, S., Suzuki, H. and Brunsdon, C., (2011). A modified grouping genetic algorithm to select ambulance site locations. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 25(5): 807–823 doi:10.1080/13658816.2010.501334

Elaalem, M., Comber, A., and Fisher, P., (2011). Land Evaluation Techniques Comparing Fuzzy AHP with Ideal Point methods. Transactions in GIS, 15(3): 329–346 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2011.01260.x

Sasaki, S., Igarashi, K., Fujino, Y., Comber, A.J. and Brunsdon, C., Muleya, C.M. and Suzuki, H. (2011). The impact of community-based outreach immunization services on immunization coverage with GIS network accessibility analysis in peri-urban areas, Zambia. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65: 1171-1178 doi:10.1136/jech.2009.104190

Comber, A.J., Carver, S., Fritz, S., McMorran, R., Washtell, J. and Fisher, P. (2010). Different methods, different wilds: evaluating alternative mappings of wildness using Fuzzy MCE and Dempster Shafer MCE. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 34: 142-152

Comber, A., Medcalf, K., Lucas, R., Bunting, Brown, A., P Clewley, D., Breyer, J. and Keyworth, S., (2010). Managing uncertainty when aggregating from pixels to objects: context sensitive mapping and possibility theory. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31(4): 1061-1068.

Sasaki, S., Comber, A.J., Suzuki, H. and Brunsdon, C., (2010). Using genetic algorithms to optimise current and future health planning - the example of ambulance locations. International Journal of Health Geographics, 9: 4. doi:10.1186/1476-072X-9-4

Comber, A.J., Brunsdon, C., Hardy, J. and Radburn, R. (2009). Using a GIS–based network analysis and optimisation routines to evaluate service provision: a case study of the UK Post Office Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 2(1):47-64

Kemawy, A.H. and Comber, A.J., (2009). Modeling spatial variability of water quality: a case study of Lake Manzala. Bulletin of the Egyptian Geographical Society, 82:33-51

Comber, A.J., Brunsdon, C. and Green, E. (2008). Using a GIS-based network analysis to determine urban greenspace accessibility for different ethnic and religious groups. Landscape and Urban Planning, 86: 103–114.

Comber, A.J., Proctor, C. and Anthony, S. (2008). The creation of a national agricultural land use dataset: combining pycnophylactic interpolation with dasymetric mapping techniques Transactions in GIS, 12(6): 775–791.

Comber, A.J., (2008 ). Land Cover or Land Use?, Editorial, Journal of Land Use Science, 3(4): 199–201.

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Comber, A., (2008). The separation of land cover from land use with data primitives. Journal of Land use Science, 3(4): 215–229

Wadsworth, R., Balzter, H., Gerard, F., George, C., Comber, A. and Fisher, P. (2008). An environmental assessment of land cover and land use change in Central Siberia using Quantified Conceptual Overlaps to reconcile inconsistent data sets. Journal of Land use Science, 3(4): 251–264.

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F., Wadsworth, R.A., (2008). Using semantics to clarify the conceptual confusion between land cover and land use: the example of ‘forest’. Journal of Land use Science, 3(2-3): 185-198

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F. and Wadsworth, R.A., (2008). Semantics, Metadata, Geographical Information and Users. Editorial Transactions in GIS, 12(3): 287–291

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F., Wadsworth, R.A., (2007). Land cover: to standardise or not to standardise? Comment on ‘Evolving standards in land cover characterization’ by Herold et al. Journal of Land Use Science, 2(4): 287–291

Procter, C., Comber, L., Betson, M., Buckley, D., Frost, A., Lyons, H., Riding, A., and Voyce, K. (2006) Identifying crop vulnerability to groundwater abstraction: modelling and expert knowledge in a GIS. Journal of Environmental Management, 81: 296 - 306

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F., Wadsworth, R.A., (2005). A comparison of statistical and expert approaches to data integration. Journal of Environmental Management, 77: 47-55.

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F., Wadsworth, R.A., (2005). Combining expert relations of how land cover ontologies relate. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 7(3): 163-182.

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F., Wadsworth, R.A., (2005). What is land cover? Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 32:199-209.

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F., Wadsworth, R.A., (2005). You know what land cover is but does anyone else?…an investigation into semantic and ontological confusion. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26 (1): 223-228

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F., Wadsworth, R.A., (2004). Assessment of a Semantic Statistical Approach to Detecting Land Cover Change Using Inconsistent Data Sets. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 70(8): 931-938.

Comber, A., Fisher, P., Wadsworth, R., (2004). Integrating land cover data with different ontologies: identifying change from inconsistency. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 18(7): 691-708.

Comber, A.J., Law, A.N.R., Lishman, J.R., (2004). A comparison of Bayes', Dempster-Shafter and endorsement theories for managing knowledge uncertainty in the context of land cover monitoring, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 28(4): 311-327

Comber, A.J., Law, A.N.R., Lishman, J.R., (2004). Application of knowledge for automated land cover change monitoring. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25(16): 3177-3192.

Comber, A., Fisher, P., Wadsworth, R., (2003) Actor Network Theory: a suitable framework to understand how land cover mapping projects develop? Land Use Policy, 20: 299–309.

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Comber, A.J., Birnie, R.V., Hodgson, M. (2003). A retrospective analysis of land cover change using polygon shape index. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 12: 207-215.

Peer Reviewed Computer Science Proceedings Jeansoulin, R., Pham, T.T. and Comber, A.J. (2004). Land cover change detection: a

quality-aware and semantic-based approach. In Proceedings of Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems 2004, (eds. B. Bouchon-Meunier, G. Coletti, and R. R. Yager), 4th-9th July, Universita' di Perugia, Perugia.

Peer Reviewed Conference Proceedings Comber, A and Brunsdon, C (2013). A Spatial Analysis Of Potential Local Climate

Change Impacts and Their Relationship with Land Use Changes. GISRUK 2013. Proceedings of the Geographical Information Science UK Conference. University of Liverpool 3rd-5th April 2013. University of Liverpool, Liverpool

Alshwesh, I, Comber, A and Brunsdon, C (2013) A Comparison of GIS-­‐based Location Allocation Heuristics: Minimise Impedance vs Grouping Genetic Algorithm p-­‐median. GISRUK 2013. Proceedings of the Geographical Information Science UK Conference. University of Liverpool 3rd-5th April 2013. University of Liverpool, Liverpool

Chukwusa, E, Comber, A and Brunsdon, C (2013). Optimising location under scenarios of changing demand: multi-­‐temporal location allocation analysis. GISRUK 2013. Proceedings of the Geographical Information Science UK Conference. University of Liverpool 3rd-5th April 2013. University of Liverpool, Liverpool

Mohammed, IJ, Comber, A and Tate, N, (2013). Effects of Land Cover resolution on spatially distributed demand surfaces: the binary dasymetric approach. GISRUK 2013. Proceedings of the Geographical Information Science UK Conference. University of Liverpool 3rd-5th April 2013. University of Liverpool, Liverpool

Comber, A, See, L, Fritz, S, van der Velde, M and Perger, C (2013). The Use of Crowd Sourced Data to Validate Global Land Cover Datasets. GISRUK 2013. Proceedings of the Geographical Information Science UK Conference. University of Liverpool 3rd-5th April 2013. University of Liverpool, Liverpool

Lechner, A., Clarke, D., Weatherley, D., Fletcher, A., Erskine, P. and Comber, A., (2012). The application of the virtual ecologist approach to evaluating the effects of uncertainty in plot based monitoring schemes due to landscape spatial and temporal heterogeneity. International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (iEMSs) 2012: Managing Resources of a Limited Planet, Sixth Biennial Meeting, Leipzig, Germany eds R. Seppelt, A.A. Voinov, S. Lange, D. Bankamp (Eds.) http://www.iemss.org/society/index.php/iemss-2012-proceedings

Sotoudehnia, F. and Comber, A., (2012). Sketch mapping: A comparative approach to GIS-based network analysis in measuring accessibility. PP 331-335 in Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 20th Annual Conference Volume 1 (eds. Barry Rowlingson & Duncan Whyatt), 11-13th April 2012, Lancaster.

Comber, A., Brunsdon, C., Batty, M., Hudson-Smith, A., Neuhaus, F. and Gray, S. (2012). Exploring the Geography of Communities in Social Networks. Pp 33-37

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in Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 20th Annual Conference Volume 1 (eds. Barry Rowlingson & Duncan Whyatt), 11-13th April 2012, Lancaster.

Al-Ballaa, H., Comber, A. and Smith, C., (2012). Distribution Pattern Analysis of Green space in Al-Madinah Using GIS. Pp 161-169 in Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 20th Annual Conference Volume 2 (eds. Barry Rowlingson & Duncan Whyatt), 11-13th April 2012, Lancaster.

Chukwusa, A., Comber, A. and Brunsdon, C. (2012). The Impact Of 3D Distance on Emergency Medical Service Location Planning. Pp 303- 308 in Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 20th Annual Conference Volume 1 (eds. Barry Rowlingson & Duncan Whyatt), 11-13th April 2012, Lancaster.

Mohammed, I.J., Comber, A. and Brunsdon, C. (2012). Population estimation in small areas: combining dasymetric mapping with pycnophylactic interpolation. Pp 79-87 in Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 20th Annual Conference Volume 1 (eds. Barry Rowlingson & Duncan Whyatt), 11-13th April 2012, Lancaster.

Comber, A., Fisher, P.F., Brunsdon, C. and Khmag, A. (2012). A GWR analysis of land cover accuracy. In Proceedings of 15th AGILE International Conference on Geographic Information Science (eds. Jérôme Gensel, Didier Josselin, Danny Vandenbroucke), 24-27th April 2012, Avignon.

Comber, A., Jarvis, C., Boeck, T., Kraftl, P. and Hardman, J. (2012). Methods for the spatial analysis of community wellbeing, resilience and vulnerability. In Proceedings of 15th AGILE International Conference on Geographic Information Science (eds. Jérôme Gensel, Didier Josselin, Danny Vandenbroucke), 24-27th April 2012, Avignon.

Comber, A., Brunsdon, C., Batty, M., Hudson-Smith, A., Neuhaus, F. and Gray, S. (2012). Geographic analysis of social network data. In Proceedings of 15th AGILE International Conference on Geographic Information Science (eds. Jérôme Gensel, Didier Josselin, Danny Vandenbroucke), 24-27th April 2012, Avignon.

Chukwusa, E, Comber, A and Brunsdon, C (2011). Spatio-temporal change in population and Health facility location planning: A case study of Ambulance location planning in Leicestershire. In Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 19th Annual Conference, 27th to 29th April 2011, University of Portsmouth.

Al-Shwesh, I, Comber, A and Brunsdon, C (2011). Using a GIS-based network analysis to determine Saudi and Non-Saudi accessibility to the Primary Health Care Centers in Buraydah City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 19th Annual Conference, 27th to 29th April 2011, University of Portsmouth.

Sotoudehnia, F and Comber A (2011). Measuring Perceived Accessibility to Urban Green Space: An Integration of GIS and Participatory Map. In Proceedings of AGILE 2011, 18thto 21st April, Utrecht University, Netherlands.

Elaalem, M, Comber, A and Fisher, P. (2010). Land Evaluation Technique Comparing Ideal Point with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process methods. Pp217-223 in M. Halay, J Moreley and H Rahemtulla (eds) Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 18th Annual Conference, 14th-16th April 2010, University College, London.

Sotoudehnia, F and Comber, A (2010). Applying network analysis to quantify greenspace accessibility for different socio-economic groups. Pp129-134 in M.

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Halay, J Moreley and H Rahemtulla (eds) Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 18th Annual Conference, 14th-16th April, 2010, University College, London.

Sotoudehnia, F and Comber, A (2010). Poverty and environmental justice: a GIS analysis of urban greenspace accessibility for different economic groups. In proceedings of AGILE 2010, http://agile2010.dsi.uminho.pt/pen/ShortPapers_PDF/128_DOC.pdf

Elaalem, M, Comber, A and Fisher, P. (2010). Land Evaluation Techniques Comparing FAHP with TOPSIS methods. In proceedings of AGILE 2010, http://agile2010.dsi.uminho.pt/pen/ShortPapers_PDF/120_DOC.pdf

Comber, A, Lear, A and Wadsworth, R, (2010). A comparison of different semantic methods for integrating thematic geographical information: the example of land cover. In proceedings of AGILE 2010, http://agile2010.dsi.uminho.pt/pen/ShortPapers_PDF/96_DOC.pdf

Comber, A., Carver, S., Fritz, S, McMorran, R. and Washtell, J. (2008). Mapping uncertainty in perceptions of landscape ‘wildness’, pp 90-93 in Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 16th Annual conference, GISRUK 2008 (ed. David Lambrick), 2nd - 4th April 2008, Manchester Metropolitan University, ISBN 978-1-905476-31-2

Comber, A., Buxton, M., Jarvis, C., Wellens, J. amd Wood, P., (2008). Developing spatial literacy in secondary education: GIS practicals for key stage 3, pp 102-105 in Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 16th Annual conference, GISRUK 2008 (ed. David Lambrick), 2nd - 4th April 2008, Manchester Metropolitan University, ISBN 978-1-905476-31-2

Comber, A. and Brunsdon, C., (2008). A method for quantifying equity of access to local services for different demographic groups: combining network analysis with logistic regression using the example of greenspace pp 323-327 in Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 16th Annual conference, GISRUK 2008 (ed. David Lambrick), 2nd - 4th April 2008, Manchester Metropolitan University, ISBN 978-1-905476-31-2

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F. and Wadsworth, R.A., (2007). Approaches for providing user relevant metadata and data quality assessments. Pp. 79-82 in Proceedings of the Geographical Information Science Research UK Conference (ed Adam C. Winstanley), National Centre for Geocomputation, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, 11th-13th April

Comber, AJ, Proctor, P and Anthony, S (2007). A combined pycnophylactic-dasymetric method for disaggregating spatial data: the example of agricultural land use. Pp. 445-450 in Proceedings of the Geographical Information Science Research UK Conference (ed Adam C. Winstanley), National Centre for Geocomputation, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, 11th-13th April.

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F. and Wadsworth, R.A., (2007). Mining semantics of geographical information to generate user-relevant metadata, Spatial Data Usability Workshop, at AGILE 2007, 10th AGILE conference on Geographic Information Science, (eds. Monica Wachowicz and Lars Bodum), 8th May, Aalborg.

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F. and Wadsworth, R.A., (2007). Dynamic metadata: user-focused metadata for spatial data, geographical information and data quality

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assessments AGILE 2007, 10th AGILE conference on Geographic Information Science, (eds. Monica Wachowicz and Lars Bodum), 8th May, Aalborg.

Comber, A, Brown, A and Stevens, J, (2006). Habitat data uncertainty and accuracy: ontological approaches to data fusion. In Proceedings of GIS Research UK 14th Annual Conference, (Eds. G. Priestnall, P. Aplin), pp 219-221.

Procter, C., Comber, A., Anthony, S., Lyons, H. and Smith, K., (2005). Spatial data integration: the development of a manure management database for England and Wales. Pp. 565-570 in Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 13th Annual Conference, 6-8 April 2005 (eds Roland Billen, Jane Drummond, David Forrest, Elsa Joao), University of Glasgow

Comber, A., (2005). Decision-making, uncertainty and the human dimension in GI: Sustainable Development as a case study. Pp. 99-103 in Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 13th Annual Conference, 6-8 April 2005 (eds Roland Billen, Jane Drummond, David Forrest, Elsa Joao), University of Glasgow

Comber, A., Ahlqvist, O., Fisher, P., Harvey, F., Gahegan, M. and Wadsworth, R., (2005). Can Metadata ever be interesting?: the case for expanded metadata. Pp. 53-57 in Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 13th Annual Conference, 6-8 April 2005 (eds Roland Billen, Jane Drummond, David Forrest, Elsa Joao), University of Glasgow

Comber, AJ, Fisher, PF, Wadsworth, RA., (2004). Identifying land cover change at the parcel level using LCMGB and LCM2000, expert knowledge and spectral metadata. Pp. 326-328 in the Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 12th Annual Conference (ed. Andrew Lovatt), University of East Anglia, 28th-30th April, UEA, Norwich.

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F and Wadsworth, R.A, (2003). A semantic statistical approach for identifying change from ontologically divers land cover data. Pp. 123-131 in AGILE 2003, 5th AGILE conference on Geographic Information Science, (eds. Michael Gould, Robert Laurini, Stephane Coulondre), 24th-26th April, PPUR, Lausanne.

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F and Wadsworth, R.A, (2002). Alternative Interpretations of Confusion Matrices / Concept Lattices. Pp. 32-35 in Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 10th Annual Conference (eds. Steve Wise, Paul Brindley, Young-Hoon Kim and Chris Openshaw), 3rd-5th April, 2002, University of Sheffield, Sheffield.

Comber, A.J., Law, A.N.R., Lishman, J.R (2001). Uncertainty handling for spatial data and its application in automated monitoring systems. In the Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 9th Annual Conference, (eds. Gary Higgs and Dave Kidner), University of Glamorgan, Glamorgan.

Comber, A.J., Law, A.N.R., Lishman, J.R (2000). Automated land cover change detection. Pp. 37-51 in the Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 8th Annual Conference, (ed. Peter Halls) 5th - 7th April 2000, University of York, York

Book Chapters Comber, A., Brown, A., Medcalf, K., Lucas, R., Clewley, D., Breyer, J., Bunting, P. and

Keyworth, S., (2008). Moving from Pixels to Parcels: the Use of Possibility Theory to Explore the Uncertainty Associated object Oriented Remote Sensing, pp. 487-500 in Headway in Spatial Data Handling, Proceedings of 13th

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International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, (eds. Anne Ruas and Christopher Gold), Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-540-68565-4, DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-68566-1,

Wadsworth, R.A, Comber, A.J. and Fisher, P.F., (2008). Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis as a potential method for integrating spatial data concepts, pp 99-108 in Proceedings of the Colloquium for Andrew U. Frank’s 60th Birthday, (ed. Gerhard Navratil), GeoInfo Series 39, Vienna, ISBN 978-3-901716-41-6

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F. and Brown, A., (2008). Uncertainty, vagueness and indiscernibility: the impact of spatial scale in relation to the landscape elements, pp 239-250 in Quality Aspects in Spatial Data Mining (eds. Alfred Stein, John Shi, Wietske Bijker), CRC Press.

Wadsworth R.A, Comber A.J., and Fisher P.F., (2006). Expert knowledge and embedded knowledge: or why long rambling class descriptions are useful. pp 197 – 213 in Progress in Spatial Data Handling, Proceedings of SDH 2006, (eds. Andreas Riedl, Wolfgang Kainz, Gregory Elmes), Springer Berlin.

Comber A.J.. Fisher P.F., Harvey, F., Gahegan., M and Wadsworth R.A, (2006). Using metadata to link uncertainty and data quality assessments. pp 279 – 292 in Progress in Spatial Data Handling, Proceedings of SDH 2006, (eds. Andreas Riedl, Wolfgang Kainz, Gregory Elmes), Springer Berlin.

Fisher, P., Comber, A., and Wadsworth, R., (2006). Approaches to uncertainty in spatial data. In Fundamentals of Spatial Data Quality, edited by R.Devillers and R.Jeansoulin, ISTE, London. pp43-59

Comber, A., Wadsworth, R. and Fisher, P, (2006). Reasoning methods for handling uncertain information in land cover mapping. In Fundamentals of Spatial Data Quality, edited by R.Devillers and R.Jeansoulin, ISTE, London. pp123-139

Fisher, P.F., Comber, A.J., Wadsworth, R.A., (2005). Land use and Land cover: Contradiction or Complement. Pp. 85-98 in Re-Presenting GIS, (eds. Peter Fisher, David Unwin), Wiley, Chichester.

Fisher, P., Comber, A., and Wadsworth, R., (2005). Nature de l'incertitude pour les données spatiales. Pp. 49-64 in Qualité de l’information géographique, (eds. Rodolphe Devillers and Robert Jeansoulin), IGAT, Hermes, France

Comber, A., Wadsworth, R. and Fisher, P., (2005). Méthodes de raisonnement pour manipuler l'information incertaine en occupation du sol. Pp. 153-168 in Qualité de l’information géographique, (eds. Rodolphe Devillers and Robert Jeansoulin), IGAT, Hermes, France

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F., Wadsworth, R.A., (2004). Identifying Land Cover Change Using a Semantic Statistical Approach. Pp 73-86 in Geodynamics (eds. Peter M. Atkinson, Giles M. Foody, Steve E. Darby, and Fulong Wu), CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F and Wadsworth, R.A, (2004). Identifying change and inconsistency by combining different expert heuristics of how two datasets relate. Pp. 573-584 in Developments in Spatial Data Handling, (ed. Peter Fisher), Springer-Verlag, Berlin

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F. and Wadsworth, R.A., (2002). Creating Spatial Information: Commissioning the UK Land Cover Map 2000. pp. 351-362 in Advances in Spatial Data, (eds. Dianne Richardson and Peter van Oosterom), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

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Comber, A.J., Law, A.N.R., and Lishman, J.R., (2001). Methodologies and Approaches for Automated Land Cover Change Detection, pp. 37-51 in Innovations in GIS 8: Spatial Information and the Environment, (ed. Peter Halls), Taylor and Francis, London

Other Conference Proceedings Van Beijma, S., Comber, A. and Lamb, A. (2012). Temporal analysis of optical and

SAR remote sensing for monitoring of intertidal salt marshes. In Proceedings of 1st EARSeL Workshop on Temporal Analysis of Satellite Images, Mykonos, Greece, 24st – 25th May

Comber, A., Brunsdon, C. and Radburn, R. (2011). A Spatial Analysis of Perceptions of Health Services Accessibility, and Geographic Access using GWR. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on GeoComputation, (eds. Tao Cheng Paul Longley Claire Ellul Andy Chow), University College London, 20th – 22nd July 2011.

Khmag, A, Comber A and Fisher P (2011). Accuracy Assessment for Fuzzy Classification in Tripoli, Libya. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on GeoComputation, eds. Tao Cheng Paul Longley Claire Ellul Andy Chow), University College London, 20th – 22nd July 2011.

Chukwusa, E, Comber, A and Brunsdon, C (2011). Dynamic Planning of Ambulance Location in Leicestershire Temporal limits to urban growth modeling. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on GeoComputation, eds. Tao Cheng Paul Longley Claire Ellul Andy Chow), University College London, 20th – 22nd July 2011.

Comber, A, Umezaki, M and Brunsdon C (2010). Identifying fuzzy land use from network and graph theoretical approaches. Pp 361-364 in N Tate and P Fisher (eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, 20th -23rd July 2010, University of Leicester, Leicester.

Comber, A, Lear, A and Wadsworth, R, (2010). A comparison of text mining and semantic approaches for integrating national and local habitats data: semantic accuracy, error or inconstancy? In proceedings of Accuracy 2010. Pp297-300 in N Tate and P Fisher (eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, 20th -23rd July 2010, University of Leicester, Leicester.

Elaalem, M, Comber, A and Fisher, P. (2010). Land Suitability Analysis comparing Boolean logic with fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process methods. Pp245-247 in in N Tate and P Fisher (eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, 20th -23rd July 2010, University of Leicester, Leicester.

Khmag, A, Comber A and Fisher P (2010). Accuracy assessment for Boolean and Fuzzy classification in Tripoli, Libya. Pp401-404 in in N Tate and P Fisher (eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, 20th -23rd July 2010, University of Leicester, Leicester.

Sasaki, S., Comber, A.J., Suzuki, H. and Brunsdon, B. (2009) Optimising Current and Future Ambulance Location in an Urban City, Japan: Combining

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GIS,Demographic Data and Genetic Algorithms to Support Public Health Planning. Workshop on Spatial-Temporal Modeling its implications across disciplines, Harvard University, April 10th, 2009

Comber, A.J., Sasaki, S., Suzuki, H. and Brunsdon, B., (2009). Using census area in site location selection in planning: ambulance locations in Niigata, Japan. In Lees, B.G. & Laffan, S.W. (eds), 10th International Conference on GeoComputation, UNSW, Sydney, November-December, 2009.

Comber A. and Brunsdon C. (2009). A GIS-based network analysis for quantifying the equity of access for different social groups: the example of urban greenspace. Human Health GIS conference, Niigata Japan, February 2009 1(1): 14-18.

Khmag. A, Fisher, P and Comber A (2009). Fuzzy change detection in Tripoli city, Libya. In K. Tansey (ed) Proceedings of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society Annual Conference 2009, New Dimensions in Earth Observation, 8th-11th September 2009 Leicester

Comber, A (2009). Mapping land use using object-oriented classification of remote sensing data. In K. Tansey (ed) Proceedings of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society Annual Conference 2009, New Dimensions in Earth Observation, 8th-11th September 2009 Leicester

Fisher, P, Comber, A and Wadsworth R (2009). What’s in a name? Semantics, Uncertainty Standards and Data Quality. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Spatial Data Quality, 5-8th July 2009 St John’s, Canada.

Comber AJ, Medcalf K, Lucas R, Keyworth S, Brown A, Clewley D, Breyer J, & Bunting P, (2008). A method for managing uncertainty when aggregating from pixels to parcels: context sensitive mapping and possibility theory, Paper 32 in Proceedings of the Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society Conference 2008, Measuring change in the Earth system (ed Karen Anderson). University of Exeter, 15-17 September 2008,

Elaalem. M., Comber. A., 2008. Remote sensing approaches for generating sustainable land capability assessments: applying knowledge-based techniques in data poor environments. Paper 41 in Proceedings of the Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society Conference 2008 Measuring change in the Earth system (ed Karen Anderson). University of Exeter, 15-17 September 2008

Comber A.J., Fisher, P.F. and Brown A., (2007). Uncertainty, Vagueness and Indiscernibility: The Impact of Spatial Scale in Relation to Landscape Elements. In Proceedings of 5th International Symposium of Spatial Data Quality (ed. Alfred Stein), 13th-15th June, Enschede.

Comber, A.J., (2007). The Identification Of Data Primitives To Separate The Concepts And Semantics Of Land Cover And Land Use: The Example Of ‘Forest’. In Proceedings of 5th International Symposium of Spatial Data Quality (ed. Alfred Stein), 13th-15th June, Enschede.

Wadsworth R.A., Fisher P.F., Comber A., George C., Gerard F. & Baltzer H. (2005). Use of Quantified Conceptual Overlaps to Reconcile Inconsistent Data Sets. Session 13 Conceptual and cognitive representation. Proceedings of GIS Planet 2005, Estoril Portugal 30th May - 2nd June 2005. ISBN 972-97367-5-8. 13pp

Comber, A., Ahlqvist, O., Fisher, P., Harvey, F., Gahegan, M. and Wadsworth, R., (2005). Can Metadata ever be interesting? Forthcoming in Proceedings of GISPlanet 2005, May 30 - June 2 Estoril, Portugal

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Lyons, H.A, Tricker, L., Looker, O.J. and Comber, A., (2005). The Kent Lifescapes Information System: aiming to aid better decision making in Kent. Pp 187 – 194 in Planning, People and Practice. The landscape ecology of sustainable landscapes, Proceedings of the 13th annual IALE(UK) conference, (Eds Duncan McColin & Janet Jackson), The University of Northampton.

Fisher, P., Comber, A. and Wadsworth, R., (2004). Land Cover Mapping and the Need for Expanded Metadata. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on GIScience, 20-23 Ocotober, University of Maryland, Adelphi.

Pham, T.T., Jeansoulin, R., Phan Luong, V., Comber, A.J. (2004). Detection of Land Cover Change by integrating information under Lattice, basing on completeness and consistency. Pp. 225-242 in Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Spatial Data Quality, (eds. Andrew Frank and Eva Grum), 15th-17th April, Bruck/Leitha, Vienna.

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F and Wadsworth, R.A, (2004). Comparing expert relations between land cover datasets, Pp. 207-224 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Spatial Data Quality, (eds. Andrew Frank and Eva Grum), 15th-17th April, Bruck/Leitha, Vienna.

Fisher, P., Comber, A., Wadsworth, R. (2004). Land Cover Mapping and the Need for Expanded Metadata. In Proceedings of GIScience 2004, Third International Conference on Geographic Information Science, October 20th-23rd, University of Maryland Conference Center, USA.

Comber, AJ, Fisher, PF, Wadsworth, RA., (2003). A Semantic Statistical Approach to Negotiating Heterogeneous Ontologies. Pp 349-358 in Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Spatial Data Quality, (eds. Wenzong Shi, Michael Goodchild, Peter Fisher), 19th-20th March 2003, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F., Wadsworth, R.A., (2003). Identifying Land Cover Change Using a Semantic Statistical Approach: First Results. In cd Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on GeoComputation, 8th-10th September 2003, University of Southampton, UK.

Comber, A.J., Fisher, P.F., Wadsworth, R.A., (2003). You know what land cover is but does anyone else? In cd Proceedings of Remote sensing and Photogrammetry Society: Scales and Dynamics in Observing the Environment (eds. Paul Aplin and Paul Mather), 10th-12th September, University of Nottingham, Nottingham

Fisher, P.F., Comber, A.J., Wadsworth, R.A., (2002). The production of uncertainty in spatial information: the case of land cover mapping. Pp. 60-65 in Accuracy 2002, 5th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, (eds. Gary Hunter and Kim Lowell), 10-12th July, Melbourne.

Comber, A.J., Birnie, R.V. and Hodgson, M., (2000). Using Landscape Metrics to Model Land Cover Change, pp.143-161 in, Proceedings of the International Association of Landscape Ecology (UK) Conference: Quantitative approaches to Landscape Ecology (eds. T. Clare and D. Howard), September 2000, Bangor.

Comber, A.J., (2000). Automated Land Cover Change Detection Using a Task Oriented Approach. In cd Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the Remote Sensing Society, University of Leicester, 12th-14th September 2000.

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Comber, A.J., Birnie, R.V. and Hodgson, M., (1999). Monitoring land cover change in Scotland: the limits of detectability for semi-natural vegetation. Proceedings of IRLOGI (GIS Ireland 99) Conference, September 1999, Malahide, pp13-40.

Project reports 2013 - Making Earth Observation work for UK biodiversity conservation: Phase 2,

Report to Defra. Authors: Medcalf K. A., Parker J.A., Turton, N., Bell, G., Comber A. & Smith.,G.

2012 - Survey of Leicester pilot project, Report to Leicester City Council. Authors: Alexis Comber, Thilo Boeck, Jay Hardman, Will Green, Claire Jarvis, Peter Kraftl, Paddy McCullough &Marie Adams.

2012 - Exploring the Future: Phase 1 - scoping current and future use of spatial Decision Support Tools (sDST) for integrated planning for land-use, biodiversity and ecosystem services across England, Report to Defra. Authors: Smart, SM, Pearce-Higgins, JP, Wright, L, Comber, AJ, Howard, DC, Maskell, LC & Jones, MLM.

2011 - Spatial Analysis of Leicestershire Green Space Survey, Report to Leicestershire County Council. Authors: Chris Brunsdon, Alexis Comber

2011 - Wildness Study in the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park, Report to the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park Authority and Scottish Natural Heritage. Authors: Steve Carver, Lex Comber, Robert McMorran, Steve Nutter & Justin Washtell

2008 - Wildness Study in the Cairngorms National Park, Report to Cairngorms National Park Authority and Scottish Natural Heritage. Authors: Steve Carver, Lex Comber, Steffen Fritz, Robert McMorran, Steve Taylor & Justin Washtell

2006 - Uncertainty assessment of habitat classification using earth observation: ontology and data fusion issues, Report to Countryside Council for Wales and British National Space Centre. Author: Alexis Comber.