Alexander Final

8/3/2019 Alexander Final

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INTRODUCTION

Full name : Alexander III of Macedon

Birthplace : Pella, Macedon

Titles : King of Macedon,Hegemon of

the Hellenic League, Shahanshah of Persia,

Pharaoh of Egypt and Lord of Asia

Wives : Roxane, Statiera and Parysatis.

Death : 10 or 13 June, 323 BC (Aged 32)


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FAMOUS QUOTE BY

ALEXANDER

THERE IS NOTHINGIMPOSSIBLE TO HIM

WHO WILL TRY


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Alexander the great is arguably the greatestmilitary leaders of all times.

By never loosing a battle, by conquering

nearly the known world in twelve years, andby spreading his influence on the known

world, Alexander was the first person to

receive the title The Great.


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BOYHOOD

Born on July 26, 356 B.C. in Pella, Macedonia

Alexander was the son of King Philip II ofMacedon and the Princess Olympias of Epirote

Philip II : Great military leader

Olympias : Passionate and hot-tempered

Alexander inherited the best qualities fromboth of his parents, which later prove to beassets to his legacy


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As a Boy Alexander was fearless and strong.

He tamed a beautiful and spirited horsethat no one would dare touch or ride namedBucephalus.

Philip was so proud of Alexander's power

over the horse that he said, "O my son, seek

out a kingdom worthy of thyself, forMacedonia is too little for thee."


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Aristotle

Aristotle (Greek: , Aristotls) (384 BC 322 BC)was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher ofAlexander the Great.

Aristotle was born in Stageira, Chalcidice, in 384 BC, about55 km (34 mi) east of modern-day Thessaloniki. His fatherNicomachus was the personal physician to King Amyntas ofMacedon. (King Philips father and Alexanders grandfather)

Aristotle was a recipient of the best one-on-one educationthat the classical world had to offer.


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His Work & Achievements

His writings cover many subjects, includingphysics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music,

logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics,biology, and zoology.

Aristotle's writings were the first to create acomprehensive system of Western philosophy,encompassing morality and aesthetics, logicand science, politics and metaphysics.


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Series of Action

King Philip's reasons for choosing Aristotlewere not purely academic

Aristotles condition School at Mieza

The Curriculum

Liking for Poetry

Monarchy & On Colonies Letter written to Alexander


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Teenage Monarch

Abrupt end to studies

Temporary Monarch

Victory of King Philip

Intentions of marrying Cleopatra

Jealous and Furious Olympias

Death of King Philip New King of Macedonia


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Conquest of the Persian

Empire

In 334 B.C. Alexander took his army from

Hellespont till the Battle of the Granicus


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Alexander had no reliable fleet of his own,defeating the Persian fleet required land control

Alexander accepted the surrender of thePersian provincial capital and treasuryof Sardis and proceeded down

the Ionian coast


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Unsolvable Gordian Knot

At the ancient Phrygiancapital of Gordium,Alexander 'undid' thehitherto

unsolvable Gordian Knot,a feat said to await thefuture "king of Asia".

According to the mostvivid story, Alexander

proclaimed that it did notmatter how the knot wasundone, and he hacked itapart with his sword


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Journey from Macedonia toGreece

Defeated the thracian tribe of Maedi and

thereby supported his father and saved

Macedonia

Commanding post among the senior

generals

Why Greece??


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Death of Philip

Rise of the rebellions Suppression of the rebellions


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Step by step he conquered entire Greece

With the conquered territories firmly in

Macedonian control, Alexander

completed the final preparations for the

invasion of Asia


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THE SEIGES OF TYRE AND

GAZA Macedonians begun building a mole that would connect the

island-city with the coast.

Alexander did not abandon the project and continued the

siege, surrounding the island with ships and blasting the city

walls with catapults.

Walls finally gave in, the Macedonians poured their anger over

the city defenders - 7,000 people were killed, 30,000 were sold

as slaves.

Alexander entered the temple of Melcart, and had his

sacrifice.


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Contd..

During the seven-month siege of Tyre,

Alexander received a letter from Darius offering

a truce

He continued marching south toward Egypt

but was again held up by resistance at Gaza.

With the fall of Gaza, the whole EasternMediterranean coast was now secured and

firmly in the hands of the Macedonians.


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ALEXANDER IN EGYPT

Alexander entered Egypt in the

beginning of 331 BC.

Alexander ordered that a city bedesigned and founded in his name

at the mouth of river Nile.

Alexandria will become a majoreconomic and cultural center in

the Mediterranean world not only

during the Macedonian rule in

Egypt but centuries after.


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Waters of India..

Came to India in 327 B.C.

First invaded Punjab. ( Now a part of Pakistan)

Fought a great war against the mighty king Porus.

Faced elephants in the war for the first time.

But still managed to win the battle!


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Lost his loved horse Bucephalus.

Named a city after him as Boukephala.

Gracious enough to treat King Porus with all

respect and gave him his empire back.

A great friendship is formed between King Porus

and Alexander the great.

Porus helped Alexander the great to invade more

part of India.


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The revolt of army

Due to continuous wars,

Alexanders army men had grown weary of the hardships ofthe way.

weary of fighting under the burning suns.

They begged him to go no further.

Left Greek garrisons and Greek rulers behind him to rule.

But after his death, people revolted against the rule ofMacedonia.

All trace of Alexander and his conquests soon disappearedfrom India.


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The other side of the coin.

What you heard was a very much popular story

about Alexanders visit to India.

What if history presents a completely different and

gloomy picture of Alexanders invasion in India?


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Writings about Alexanders Indian adventure that

we have today were actually composed two to three

centuries after his death!

Modern research revealed that the alleged sayingsand letters assigned to Alexander are mostly fake.

The Indian contemporaries of Alexander had often

neglected the invasion of Alexander and had notmentioned it in their works.


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Work of Kautilya.

Alexanders campaign failed to acquire any

significance in the political context of India.

Alexander fought 6 battles in India.

The Greek and Roman chroniclers often failed to

mention the actual outcome of those sixencounters.


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The events that prove defeat of

Alexander in India

In his next two campaigns at Sangala and Malli,Alexanders cavalry was totally destroyed andAlexander himself had to leave the troops on foot!!!

Whatever land that was gained was added to Poruskingdom. Alexander fought battles as if he was the

general of Porus.


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King Abhisares, a lesser monarch had shown the

audacity to defy Alexanders warnings and despite

this show of defiance, a world conqueror like

Alexander did not attack the lesser and weak king.

When Alexander was fighting on the battlefield,

Porus army rested in the garrison both at Sangala

and Malli. If Alexander would have defeated Porus

at jhelum, the opposite would have happened.


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Way Back Home

In 334 BC at the Hyphasis

river Alexander gave up his

India ambition. His armyrefused to go further.

Subsequently, Alexander

agreed to return to Persia.


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Alexander Returns to Persia by

Traveling the Indus Delta and theIndian Ocean


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Alexander's Final Return to Persia


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But the return was a disaster. The army

was marching through the notoriousGerdosian desert during the middle of the

summer. By the time Alexander reached

Susa thousands had died of heat and

exhaustion.


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Death of Alexander the great

Alexander the great didnt die a warriors death

in battle,but expired as helpless as a baby in his

own bed.

His death is one of the historys most

enduring mysteries.

Possible causes are,

a. malaria

b. typhoid

c. alcohol poisoning


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On June 10, 323 BC, Alexander the great die.

In Babylon

In the palace ofNabukodonossor

The Alexander Romances reports 4 th of

Pharmouthi as the day of the death, which

corresponds to 13th of June; but according to

contemporary Babylonian Astronomic Diary, whichis most credible and accurate source, Alexander

has died on 29th Aiaru (10th of June)


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MILITARY TACTICS

Alexander had a great military mind.

An expert at organizing

His units for complex

Battle maneuvers. Develop of the PHALANX.

Box Formation.

8 to 36 men deep

Men in front carried spears

4 to 6 meters (12 to 18 feet)


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Military Tactics

One of Alexanders best known militarytactics was that he would fight right alongside his men.

By showing courage in the face of death,he would set an example to his soldiers.

The following passage from Dr. Warren H.

Carroll is an example of Alexanderscourage.


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He prepared to storm its citadel with ladders, but theladders broke under the weight of his men. Standingalone on the rampart, Alexander leaped down inside the

enemy fortress. Just three of his men followed.Alexander slew the Mallian chieftain and beat off all hisattackers, his back to the wall, until he fainted from alack of blood from a severe wound in his chest. One ofhis men held the sacred shield of Troy over him savinghis life until the rest of his army broke through thegates and rescued him. Every defender of the citadel

was put to the sword. Alexanders wound came from ayard long arrow that pierced his lungs and supposedlyhe never fully recovered.


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ALEXANDER S

PERSONAL LIFE

ALEXANDERS PERSONAL

LIFE


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He was a very ambitious and a great

visionary.

His childhood life and his dream.

His dad was a Casanova.

He inherited good qualities from both his

parents.

Alexander greatest companion was his two

best friends.


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He first got married to Roxana then toStateria, and to parysatis daughter of

ochus. His son by Roxana Alexander IV

was born but was killed before the boy

reached adulthood.

His love affairs.

His illegitimate childerens.


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Leadership Qualities of

Alexander The Great


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Great man Leadership

According to Great Man theory, a leader is born and cannot be

made.

Alexander the Great was born to kingship and inherited a strong

army.

With Aristotle as his tutor, he was perhaps the most privilegedperson, educationally, that there has ever been.

Nevertheless, what he achieved in his short life was beyond anything

that could remotely have been expected of him.

Alexander was a great military commander, leading his troops into

every encounter. A bit of an over-achiever.


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How does Alexander The Great Measure Up To His

Leadership Qualities?

Extended Empire Into India; Partied and Died Like a

Rock Star:

Alexanders vision of Asia was that it ended just on the other side of

India.

Defeated the Persians:

After less than a year in Egypt, Alexander resumed to chasing after

the Persian emperor, Darius III. He took Babylon and Persepolis,the Persian capital. In an attempt to solidify his rule, he began to

dress like a Persian, and married a Persian dancer named Roxanne.


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Founded Alexandria:

Besides razing cities, Alexander also founded about 20 new ones,naming most of them after himself. The most enduring of these is

Alexandria on the coast of the Nile delta. In a superb natural harbor

where the Persians had once erected a fortress, Alexander had his

architects build a grand city along Greek lines. Alexandria laterdeveloped into a cosmopolitan port, with schools, theater, and one of

the greatest libraries of antiquity.

Simply Divine: Declared Son of a God:

Alexander made the dangerous journey across the desert to the

shrine of Zeus Ammon. It is said that he was guided by ravens and

blessed with rain. Upon his arrival, the priest apparently told him he

was the son of Zeus. Whether or not Alexander believed in his owndivinity, he played it up to his own advantage.


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Crossed the Hellespont:

With 60 naval vessels, Alexander crossed the Hellespont (a narrowstrait separating Europe and Asia - now called the Dardanelles) in

334 B.C. From his ship, Alexander threw his spear onto the shore.

As he took his first steps in Asia, he pulled his weapon from the

sand and declared that these lands would be won by the spear.

Perfected Macedonian Military Style, the Phalanx:

The most distinctive element of the Macedonian war machine was

the phalanx. . In earlier times, Macedonians would stop fighting

during the harvest, but Philip and Alexander paid the men enough

that they could afford to be soldiers full-time. This meant they were

often better trained than their adversaries.


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Tamed the horse Bucephalus

Philip, Alexanders father, bought a horse called Bucephalus but therambunctious animal bucked all comers.

Trained in philosophy by Aristotle

Out of all the intellectuals at the prestigious Academy in Athens,

Alexanders father, Philip, chose Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) to instructhis 13-year-old son. Aristotle taught the young prince geography,

zoology, politics and medicine. Alexander was greatly influenced by

the philosophers teachings. On later military campaigns, Alexander

brought scientists with him and sent plant and animal specimens

back to his former mentor.


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Do not focus on negative things :

Again for Alexander, it is his sense of invincibility or good tacticalsense that often bought his success against overwhelming odds in

battles verses the Persian Empire or later in India. Here we got a

leader where no matter how bad is the situation, he always or often

turn it to his advantages.

Core Values Communication :

Here is something which Alexander does very well. In history, he

always managed to win the respect and loyalty of his men regardless

of the situation. Proof of this can be seen is that he would not ask

his men to do anything he would not do himself. And always before

battles or after battles, he would go among his men to listen and

encourage them.


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Division of Empire

After the death of Alexander theGreat, his generals, scrambling togain power, broke out into civil waragainst each other.

All of Alexanders relatives weresecretly murdered.

The empire was split into foursections, Seleucus ruling theterritories of Babylon, Ptolemyruling the territories of Egypt,

Cassander ruling the territories ofMacedon, and Lysimachus rulingthe territories of Thrace.


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Legacy

Not only is Alexander known for conquering practically theknown civilized world, he is also known for issuing in theHellenistic age.

The Hellenistic age was the age of Greek influence and thespread of Greek culture across the world.

Everywhere he conquered, Alexander would build new citiesand establish schools, museums, and libraries within thesecities.

In Alexandria, Alexander built a famous museum where theworks of art and evidence of mans creativity could be studiedand collected.

By doing such renown deeds , Greek culture was taught,learned, and preserved for over a thousand years with thehelp of Rome and Christianity.


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Library of Alexandria


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STRENGTH WEAKNESS

VISION

LEADERSHIP SKILLS

MILITARY STRATEGIES

ALCHOLIC

PERSONALITY WAS ECCENTRIC

URGE TO CONQUER MORE &

MORE TERRITORIES WHICHWAS ABOVE HIS REACH


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ConclusionIn conclusion, many historians believe that Alexander the Great would have Many historians believe that Alexander the Great wouldhave conquered the entire world had he lived to a normalold age.

Alexander was able to achieve what no other mandreamed possible.

Not only did he conquered almost the known civilizedworld in 12 years, but Alexander also brought about aspread of Greek culture into the vast reaches of theworld.

Alexander was destined for glory and he achieved it.

And we end with a quote from Alexander the Great, "Iwould rather live a short life of glory than a long one ofobscurity".or "Its better to burn out than fade away.

Conclusion


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LASTTHREE WISHES

OF KING

ALEXANDER

THE GREAT


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My first desire is that,said Alexander,

My physicians alone

must carry my coffin.


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Secondly, I desire that

when my coffin is beingcarried to the grave,

the path leading to the graveyard

be strewn with gold, silver

and precious stones

which I have collected

in my treasury.


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My third and last wish

is that both my hands

be kept dangling out

of my coffin.


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I would like the world

to know of the three lessons

I have just learnt.

I want my physicians to carry

my coffin because people

should realize that no doctorcan really cure any body.

They are powerless and

cannot save a person from

the clutches of death.

So let not people take life for granted.


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The second wish of strewing gold,

silver and other riches on the wayto the graveyard

is to tell people that

not even a fraction of gold

will come with me.

I spent all my life earning riches

but cannot take anything with me.

Let people realize that it is a sheer waste of time to chase wealth.


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And about my third wish

of having my hands

dangling out of the coffin,

I wish people to know that

I came empty handed

into this world

and empty handed I go out of this world .


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E N D


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THANK YOU


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PRESENTED BY,

ADITYA MAHADIK 1048KISHORI MAHADIK 1049

AKSHAYA GANGAN 1024

ALLYWN SAM 1004

TANUSH KAGNE 1041

SIDDESH JADHAV 1031

ARPITA BRID 1012

SWETA PATIL 1052

SAGARBHOI 1010

NIDA KHAN 1044

DEEPA DATTANI 1017

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Alexander Final