Alex Class 4

Class: 5 30/09/2015Student: AlexTutor: Gustavo

Academic English

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1. REVIEW

Supporting sentences review:

Make up the body of the paragraph Provide supporting facts, details and examples They need to use specific details to be thorough and convincing. There are several kinds of specific supporting details: examples, statistics, and

quotations.

2. CONCLUDING SENTENCES

A concluding sentence serves three purposes:

1. It signals the end of the paragraph.2. It leads on to the next point3. It leaves the reader with the most important ideas to remember. It can dothis in two ways:

By summarizing the main points of the paragraph By repeating the topic sentence in different words

A paragraph does not always need a concluding sentence. For single paragraphs,especially long ones, a concluding sentence is helpful to the reader because it isa reminder of the important points. However, a concluding sentence is not neededfor every paragraph in a multiparagraph essay.You may want to begin your concluding sentence with one of the shown on the table below. You may also end a paragraph without a formal signal or perhaps byusing an expression like those in the column on the right.


Note: Never introduce a new idea in the concluding sentence.

Exercise:

Step 1: Underline the topic sentence in each paragraph.

Step 2: Add a good concluding sentence to each paragraph. You may eitherparaphrase the topic sentence or summarize the main points.

Step 3: Practice using end-of-paragraph signals by starting each concludingsentence with one.

Paragraph 1

You can be a good conversationalist by being a good listener. When you areconversing with someone, pay close attention to the speaker's words while lookingat his or her face. Show your interest by smiling and nodding. Furthermore, do notinterrupt while someone is speaking; it is impolite to do so. If you have a good story,wait until the speaker is finished. Also, watch your body language; it can affect yourcommunication whether you are the speaker or the listener. For instance, do notsit slumped in a chair or make nervous hand and foot movements. Be relaxed andbend your body slightly forward to show interest in the person and the conversation.

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Paragraph 2

Modern communication technology is driving workers in the corporate worldcrazy. They feel buried under the large number of messages they receive daily.In addition to telephone calls, office workers receive dozens of e-mail and voicemail messages daily. In one company, in fact, managers receive an average of100 messages a day. Because they do not have enough time to respond to thesemessages during office hours, it is common for them to do so in the evenings oron weekends at home.

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GRAMAR

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1- PRESENT PERFECT 2

Following, there are some situations and examples showing the many forms that the present perfect and present perfect continuous can be used.

Study this example conversation:

DAVE: Have you travelled a lot, jane?JANE: Yes, I've been to lots of places.DAVE: Really? Have you ever been to China?JANE: Yes, I've been to China twice.DAVE: What about India?JANE: No, I haven't been to India.

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In the following examples too, the speakers are talking about a period that continues until now (recently I in the Last few days I so far I since breakfast etc.):

Examples:

Have you heard anything from Brian recently? I've met a lot of people in the Last few days. Everything is going well. We haven't had any problems so far.

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In the same way we use the present perfect with today I this evening I this year etc. when theseperiods are not finished at the time of speaking (see also Unit 14B):


Examples:

I've drunk four cups of coffee today. Have you had a holiday this year?

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Vocabulary A visit to the doctor.

Now we will pretend you are sick and decided go to the doctor. The figures below represent many different illnesses. Choose one of them and tell to the doctor what have you been feeling.


Some Medicines:

Pill, tablet, capsule, syrup, ointment, cream, eye drops, injection, tranquilizer, pain-killer,

antiseptic, antifebrile, dressing, bandage, cast, brace, gauze, plaster, elastic tape,

thermometer, stethoscope, syringe, forceps, scissors, oxygen mask, test tube, vial, IV bag,

blood pressure monitor, crutches, wheelchairDoctor Patient

What’s the matter? Where’s

the pain? What do you

complain of?

Have you taken your

temperature?

For how long have you been

feeling ill?

Take your clothes off. I’ll

examine you. Let me take

your pulse, please.

I’ll measure your blood

pressure.

Your blood pressure is rather

high. Your blood pressure is

too low.

Let me sound your back. Take

a deep breath. I’ll check your

lungs.

Can I have a look? Where does

it hurt?

Does it hurt here? Breath out

slowly.

Show me your tongue. Poke

out your tongue.

Have you got any other

symptoms?

I’ve got a high temperature.

I feel really rough. I’m

shattered/exhausted.

Could you check my blood

pressure? I’ve got high blood

pressure.

There’s a sharp pain here. I’ve

got a pain in my limbs.

I feel dizzy. I’ve got a kidney

problem. I’ve lost weight.

I always feel bad after meals.

I’ve got a stomach ache.

I’ve got a splitting headache. I

often have nosebleeds.

I have diarrhoea. I’ve lost my

appetite.

I’ve got circulation problems. I

sweat all night.

My ears are buzzing. I’ve got

an upset stomach.

I’ve sprained my wrist/ankle.

My hand/foot is badly swollen.

I think I’ve pulled a muscle in

my leg/arm.

I’ve had scarlet fever, mumps,

the measles.


What infectious diseases have

you had?

What have you eaten/drunk?

Have you been injured?

Don’t worry. There’s no

serious problem.

I don’t think it’s too serious.

You’ve got to be vaccinated

against tetanus.

You must stay in bed and take

this medicine three times a

day, after meals.

I’ll dress the wound and put a

plaster on your arm.

You must follow a diet, you

need to rest and you shouldn’t

worry.

Your test results have come in.

The blood test came back

negative.

The biopsy shows a tumour.

You should consult a

specialist.

We’ll know more in a few

days.

It would be better if you went

to hospital.

I think you’ll have to stay in

hospital for a week.

Hopefully, there won’t be any

complications.

I don’t think you need

chemotherapy.

Is it something serious? Is this

a common problem at my

age?

When will the tests results

come in? Are you going to run

more tests?

Do I have to be operated on?

Will I need surgery?

How long do I have to stay in

hospital?

I hope there won’t be any

complications.

Could you prescribe some

medicine for me?

How often should I take this

medicine?

Shall I come back next week if

I don’t get better?


I’ll give you a prescription.

Take this medicine three times

a day / after meals / an hour

before lunch.

You’ll soon be well again.

Come back next week if you

don’t feel better.

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Alex Class 4