Rapson Hall_University of Minnesota_Minneapolis, MNmnZED LaboratoryAlex Berger, Anastasia Gulinskaya, Marcus Hulmer, Aaron Regla Breton

PROJECT_03 Final Design

Campus Figure-Ground Diagram Campus Green Space Vehicular + Pedestrian Paths

Vehicular Paths

Pedestrian Paths

Campus Figure-Ground Diagram Campus Green Space Campus Vehicular + Pedestrian Paths

spring wind + solar studies summer wind + solar studies fall wind + solar studies winter wind + solar studies

Mid-December Mid-January March SeptemberMid- May

FALL SEMESTER WINTER BREAK SPRING SEMESTERSUMMER BREAKSPRING SEMESTER cont.

Average temperature range: 40ºF - 59ºF • Maximization of natural ventilation through windows and doors• HVAC has lower capacity loads• Passive solar gains are at an average

Average temperature range: 68ºF - 73ºF• Class not in session thus classroom space is closed o� to save energy• Shading devices optimized for least amount of insolation• HVAC conditioning only utilized space• Prevalent south wind_may be utilized for natural ventilation

Average temperature range: 32ºF - 61ºF• Maximization of natural ventilation through windows and doors• Thermal flux zone is able to open up to the outside• HVAC has lower capacity loads• Passive solar gains are at an average

Average temperature range: 13ºF - 20ºF• Shading devices optimized for greatest amount of insolation• Natural light maximization through glazing• Prevalent north wind – greater R-value on walls and windows to conserve energy

WINTERFALLSUMMERSPRING

SITE ANALYSIS exploration of the site

EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS_understanding the site through different layers

BIOCLIMATE STUDIES_site climate + changes throughout the year

New Rapson_Holl AdditionThere is a dynamic play of light and aesthetic beauty in the Holl addition. This is mainly reflected in the lobby area, where there is a stark contrast in light intensity and also within the visual relationships between the outside and inside. This is then opposed in the studio space where there is a strong use of diffused light because such light is desired. Also, both buildings are seemingly separate from each other through shape and materiality.

“Old” RapsonThe courtyard, acting as the hearth of space, provides most of the natural light for the area. Though some diffusion is achieved through the hyperbolic parabeloids this light is mostly uncontrolled and at times unpleasant. Also present is rigidness to the design, where functionality was the main purpose of the space. This then lead to the use of extreme symmetry. And because of this the user has no clear sense or orientation or point of reference and can thus get easily lost.

Conclusion on Studies_going forwardAll in all, both spaces need to have some type of congruence. This can be achieved through materiality, special qualities provided by light and a cohesive language that is reflected throughout. We seek to achieve this with the addition of the mnZED Lab, where functionality and aesthetics are fused as one.

University of Minnnesota Campus

Major Highways

Secondary Circulation Roads

Downtown Minneapolis

Mississippi River

Rapson Hall

Greater-Minneapolis Context Diagram

DESIGN CONCEPT layering of assemblies

LIGHT RECEIVING LAYER

LIGHT SHADING LAYER

THERMAL LAYER

SENSORY/EXPERIENTIAL LAYER

LIGHT SHARING LAYER

Light Shading Layer is represented primarily by shading devices. It protects the building from undesired outside in�uences while allowing a broad opportunity for interaction.

Thermal Layer is a weather shield, the skin of a building, the main barrier and entrance at the same time. It is represented by wall assemblies, which are designed accordingly to each facade.

Light Receiving Layer is the area that admits the majority of light and is represented by the main corridor. It is a harvesting area, a reservoir. Light Sharing Layer is directly tied

to light receiving layer, and is represented by di�erent strate-gies of working with all admitted through the previous layer of light. It is a layer of lightshelves, of translucent glass walls and inte-rior openings that di�use the light to the interior rooms.

Sensory/Experiential Layer is growing out of every previously mentioned layer and ties them all together. It is represented by shad-ows that are created by received light, by shapes of openings, by various feelings acquired in di�erent spaces.

CONCEPT DIAGRAM_concept of layers might be treated in different scales and aspects. Every layer intersects with other layers, creating different experiences

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North Elevation

West Elevation East Elevation

South Elevation

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Open window in o�ce space provides for easy visual acces to outdoor laboratory

Trellis system allows for shading on the fourth �oor while mantaining the louver language throughout

Window slits allow for dramatic poetics of light while keeping the cohesiveness of the louver language

Luminecent windbreak provides shelter from the harsh winds while giving the user a pleasant visual experience even though the view is blocked Photovoltaics placed on the roof do

not disrupt the �ow of poetics while providing quantitative bene�ts for the environment

Horizontal louver system optimizes the heat gain in the winter months while minimizing gains in the summer months

Not only do vertical louvers serve to shade, but also they always provide a unique experience for the user

Ribbon skylight washes down the translucent wall, providing for a memorable experience both inside the corridor and the laboratory space

Horizontal north windows provide for an opposite e�ect from that of the louver system on the south distinguishing each space

The visitor is welcomed by a sea of di�used light as he walks up to the o�ce space which is then engulfed by both southern and northern light

BGI R&D_Pathumthani, Thailand_Stem Design Co. LtdJ-Tea_Eugene, United States_Atelier Waechter ArchitectureSlit House_Shiga Pretecture, Japan_Eastern DesignRoof Terrace_London, England_The Kubala Washatko ArchitectsPhotovoltaics Rowing Center_Bled, Slovenia_multiPlan ArchitectsType/Varient House_Northern Wisconsin, United States_VJAAShoreham Hotel_New York, United States_PKSB ArchitectsHaifa University Student Center_Haifa, Israel_Chyutin ArchitectsRapson Hall_Minnesota, United States_Steven Holl Architects

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CONCEPTUAL NARRATIVEArchitectural beauty can be de�ned as the fusion of intellectual knowledge with the perceptual �eld done in such a manner that the intellectual and the perceptual are indistinguishable from one another. Therefore, when approaching our design, not only did we look for systems that would aid in our goal of zero energy but also, within these systems, we sought for the spark that takes one’s breath away. It was with these multipurpose parameters that we found the above precedents and thus applied them.

In addition, because we as humans are in a state of constant change having the ability to conform is what has taken us to where we are now. But what if what we constructed limited our productivity and way of life? Having an adaptable design not only maximizes our ability to perform, but it also maximizes our ability to live.

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- Reduce heat gain during the afternoon- Reduce glare through layering of light- Filter light into courtyard

- Transparent glass (views)- Vertical shading_spacing more open than west facade- Bring morning light into the northeast part of the facade

- Bring light deep into labs through open lighting concept- Allow for light sharing to reduce need for electric lighting - Layering of light through corridor space, into labs, into the courtyard- Horizontal shading that combines beauty and function- Allow for summer ventillation through operable windows

- Crontrolled lighting through punched openings- View windows that allow for ambient light- Sheltering facade through thickened wall assembly

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EastWest

South

FORMAL MASSING CONCEPT_two wings intertwined by a light corridorFACADE LIGHTING_optimizing each facade based on its orientation

LIGHT corridor_intertwining light OPEN light s

ource_glaze

d faca

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CONTROLLED light source_punched openings

_horizontal louver system on south-facing facades blocks undesired sunlight.

_vertical louvers help reducing glare from low morning/afternoon sun and are used on east- and west-facing facades.

_north-facing clerestory is used to admit soft ambient light in the lab space.

_lightshelf is used to bounce and diffuse harsh south sunlight._frosted glass wall between lab space and corridor serves light-sharing purposes.

3:00pm

PARALLEL

ANGLED

12:00pm9:00am

MARCH/SEPTEMBER JUNE DECEMBER

9:00am9:00am 3:00pm3:00pm12:00pm 12:00pm

ROOM + ENVELOPE STUDIES exploration of the southern lab + corridor spaces

SOUTH CORRIDOR LOUVER STUDIES_understanding through parametric lighting studies

DETAIL MODEL STUDIES_detailing the southwest corridor/lab conditions

Light Shelf 1Encased lightshelf provides the most amount of di�usion throughout the space. Yet it does not re�ect the light evenly throughout the ceiling thus creating strong contrasts.

Light Shelf 2Standard lightshelf provides the some di�usion throughout the space. Conse-quently this creates hot spots and dark areas.

Light Shelf 3No lightshelf creates uneven distribution of light with high contrasts and high glare. This provides di�used light on the ceiling instead of the work area.

Sunspace ExposureLouvers allow for maximum solar intake in the winter months, while blocking the light in the summer months, when heat is not desired.

ECOTECT ROOM STUDIES_exploring the southwest lab + corridor spaces

12:00pm9:00am9:00am 3:00pm3:00pm12:00pm

THIRD FLOOR FOURTH FLOOR

JUNE

MAR./SEPT.

DECEMBER

BASELINE LIGHTING MODEL_initial lighting design

FINAL LIGHTING MODEL_lighting studies throughout the year

FINAL LIGHTING DESIGN final lighting concept, studies + strategies

LIGHTING CONCEPT_understanding through nature

LIGHTING DISTRIBUTION_physical lighting distribution + electric lighting

12:00pm12:00pm

MARCH/SEPTEMBER JUNE DECEMBER

12:00pm

9:00am 3:00pm12:00pm

RADIANCE IMAGES_southwest laboratory studies

JUNE

MAR./SEPT.

DECEMBER

DAYLIGHTING GOAL_To maximize the amount of diffused lighting, in combination with shared lighting, and spread it evenly throughout the space.*Note: there are translucent pieces of glass separating the corridors from the lab spaces; this however could not be rendered in radiance.

Our main goal was achieved through the use of a light-shelf. This then refracts the light evenly throughout the ceiling and is then reflected onto the main space. Also, because of how our eyes naturally adjust, it was desirable for us to have a bright ceiling in combination with a darker floor so as to simulate natural lighting conditions.

LAB LIGHTING STUDY_light throughout the year

DAYSIM AUTONOMY CONCLUSION_Our daysim autonomy analysis shows that we are receiving a great amount of light throughout the year on both the third and the fourth floor. Our greatest amounts of light are shown in the corridor spaces where the light is then diffused to the interior rooms(offices + labs + classrooms). The darkest parts of our design are in the elevator core (no glazing) and the daylighting lab where there is not a great need for light as blackout capabilities are required. Overall we would speculated based on our analysis that we get light into our spaces about 85-90% of the year, a great improvement from the baseline as well as a large reduction of the need for supplemental electric lighting.

BASELINE LIGHTING CONCLUSION_Our baseline lighting model came from our project01 design. Based on our analysis we were not getting much light into our interior spaces where the users would be working. Because our lighting remained primarily on the outer edge we decided that going forward we would try to bring light deeper into the workspaces through layering of light as well as light sharing between the spaces

Emergent Spaces

Filtering Light

Light Sharing

Light from Above

Varying Experienceschange throughout the day/yeardiurnal conditions provide di�erent layers of experience

bring light in high down through the spacesmakes spaces feel lighter and loftier

share light from one space to another through use of layeringmaximize light sharing to minimize use of electric lighting

�lter light down from abovemakes the space memorable and grand

layerering of spaces, passive strategies, experiences, lighting qualites; both vertically and horizontally

O�ces

Lab 01

Lab 5

Lab 04Lab 03Lab 02

Lobby

OutdoorDemonstration

ClassroomsOpen to Below

High Low

Third Floor Light Distribution

Fourth Floor Light Distribution

Circulation 5 - 10 Laboratories 50 - 100 O�ces task 35fcO�ces 25 - 50 Computer Rooms 35 fc Conference Rooms 35 fc Science Labs 50 -75fcClassrooms 25 - 50 Standard 50fc Drafting 75fc

- Beam of light as visual feature- Uplighting supplements the di�used lighting

-Beam of light as visual feature- Decorative and used in places where there are non-critical tasks

- Wallwashing provides for ambient light- Relects the qualities of the ribbon skylight at night

- Horizontal lighting re�ects the language of our design- Provides su�cient lighting while bringing a sense of elegance to the space

- Horizontal lighting re�ects the language of our design- Used in a di�erent layer so as to provide the user with a di�erent experience

- Ribbon skylight provides changing light for corridors- Accentuates walls and vertical quialities of the space

- Provides shading for the east and west sun - Expresses a di�erent experience while keeping with our overall language

- Provides shading for the south sun- Expresses a di�erent experience- Provides a visual cue to diurnal changes

third �oor

DAYSIM AUTONOMY_annual lighting analysis

fourth �oor

FINAL THERMAL DESIGN final thermal analysis

N-S Section. Summer. _south-facing louvers are designed to block most of summer sunlight. _displacement ventilation outlets are situated in the walls and columns, at the oor level. _prevailing south winds provide an opportinity for natural ventilation.

N-S Section. Winter. _south-facing louvers are designed in accordance with low sun angle to admit heat and light during winter time. _radiant oor system is used for heating purposes. _displacement ventilation outlets are situated in the walls and columns, at the oor level.

Corridors O�ce Space

Indoor LabsStairs

Classrooms

Third Floor Floorplan

Fourth Floor Floorplan

Scale 1/16”=1’

Scale 1/16”=1’

FINAL DESIGN Plans + Implementation of Passive/Renewable/Thermal Design Strategies

FINAL STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTED_optimizing our design

SHADING DEVICESCombination of Louver SystemsA well-developed louver system provides well-distributed daylight, enhancing comfort level in occupied spaces. It blocks sun glare, while admitting diffused light, air, and keeping views out of the windows intact.Daylighting demands require the use of horizontal shading on south-facing facades, and vertical on east- and west-facing facades.Louvers are optimized in accordance with sun angles at different times of the day throughout the year.

GREEN ROOF

Also known as “living roofs”, green roofs serve several purposes for a building, such as absorbing rainwater, providing insulation, creating a habitat for wildlife, enhancing people,nature relationships, and helping to lower urban air temperatures and combat the heat island effect. There are two types of green roofs: intensive roofs, which are thicker and can support a wider variety of plants but are heavier and require more maintenance, and extensive roofs, which are covered in a light layer of vegetation and are lighter than an intensive green roof.Current design uses intensive green roof technology in occupied areas, and extensive in other areas.

WINDBREAK

Minnesota climate conditions may be harsh during winter, therefore it is important to consider every detail. Due to the fact that north-west winds are prevailing in winter, it has been decided to use a windbreak to block it from reaching the demonstration terrace.The windbreak is designed to keep the majority of the flow out, while still admitting part of it in. The structure consists of perforated metal panels, which are equipped with LED-lights.

PV PANELSPhotovoltaic panels are increasingly incorporated into new buildings as a principal or ancillary source of electrical power. Solar power is pollution-free during use. When grid-connected, solar electric generation replaces some or all of the highest-cost electricity used during times of peak demand (in most climatic regions). PV installations can operate for many years with little maintenance or intervention after their initial set-up, so after the initial capital cost of building any solar power plant, operating costs are extremely low compared to existing power technologies.Current design is using south lab and Steven Holl’s addition roof to set up the PV panel grid systems.

HYBRID GREEN ROOF_plan of northeast green roof

SYSTEMS INTEGRATION_bringing together passive + renewable energy systems

SOUTH ELEVATION_scale: 1/32” = 1’

NORTH ELEVATION_scale: 1/32” = 1’

EAST ELEVATION_scale: 1/32” = 1’

WEST ELEVATION_scale: 1/32” = 1’

Green roofs serve several purposes for a building - absorbing rainwater,

providing insulation, helping to lower urban air temperatures and

combat the heat island effect.

Louvers serve to improve indoor daylighting, they are angled to admit light and air, but to keep out rain, direct sunlight and noise.

The ventilation concept is the so-called displacement ven-tilation where the air is delivered with a slightly higher momentum at oor level. This results in a smoother transi-tion between warm air at the ceiling and cold air at oor level and leads to a higher perceived comfort for the occu-pants.Radiant heating systems involve supplying heat directly to the oor or to panels in the wall or ceiling of a house.

Photovoltaics (PV), also often called solar panels, convert sunlight directly into electricity.

FULL BUILDING SECTIONS_summer + winter conditions

INTENSIVE GARDENdeep soil depthlarger plants_deeper root systemnative minnesota plants

EXTENSIVE GARDENshallow root systemallows for great visibility to campussucculant plants

INTENSIVE GARDENmedium soil depthshowcases di�erent species of plantshighlights eastern corridor

INTERACTIVE PATIOSallows for user to stay in the garden spacegives user great views of surrounding campus as well as re�ection and interactive learning about green roofs

CIRCULATION PATHmeandering path lets user interact with the di�erent gardens on this green roofpedestal pavers allow for constant height and permeable drainage

LOBBY PERSPECTIVE_mnZED lobby space