ALcatel Lucent WiMAX End 2 End Solutions

WiMAX IEEE 802.16e-2005 has become recognized asone of the key standards for broadband wireless accessin wide-area networks (WANs). With the acceptance ofthis standard, Alcatel and other infrastructure suppliersare today engaged in a vigorous competition that willmake this new technology more robust, as well as moreadapted to today’s service-provider and end-user needs.

Thus far, the bulk of published analysis surroundingWiMAX has naturally focused on assessing the strengthsand weaknesses of WiMAX radio access networks inisolation (either the standard generically, or supplier-specific offers). By contrast, this paper will focus on the Alcatel WiMAX End-to-End Reference Architecture,demonstrating how Alcatel’s broad technology portfoliocan complement and enhance its Evolium WiMAXSolution, thus optimizing both economic andperformance benefits.

White Paper

The Alcatel WiMAX SolutionAn End-to-End IP Architecture

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 Alcatel WiMAX: A Full IP Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.1 WiMAX: An All-Purpose Access Network System . . . . . . . . . 1

2.2 The Alcatel WiMAX End-to-End Reference Architecture . . . . . 2

2.3 Core Network Architecture Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3 Key Benefits of the Alcatel End-to-End Architecture . . . . 5

3.1 Full Range of Backhauling and Aggregation Option . . . . . . . 5

3.2 Secure Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) . . 7

3.3 End-to-End Manageable Quality of Service (QoS) . . . . . . . . . 7

4 The Value of Alcatel WiMAX-Based Networks . . . . . . . . 8

1 Introduction

WiMAX IEEE 802.16e-2005 has become recognized asone of the key standards for broadband wireless access inwide-area networks (WANs). With the acceptance of thisstandard, Alcatel and other infrastructure suppliers aretoday engaged in a vigorous competition that will makethis new technology more robust, as well as more adaptedto today’s service-provider and end-user needs.

Thus far, the bulk of published analysis surroundingWiMAX has naturally focused on assessing the strengthsand weaknesses of WiMAX radio access networks inisolation (either the standard generically, or supplier-specific offers). By contrast, this paper will focus on the Alcatel WiMAX End-to-End Reference Architecture,demonstrating how Alcatel’s broad technology portfoliocan complement and enhance its Evolium® WiMAXSolution, thus optimizing both economic andperformance benefits.

What is WiMAX? Other white papers from Alcatel and the WiMAX Forum delve into this question in moretechnical detail, but WiMAX can be briefly described as: > a WAN technology, capable of long reach (cell radiuses

measurable in kilometers).> natively IP.> broadband, with download bit rates per subscriber

of about 1 to 2 Mb/s.> designed for mobile, nomadic and fixed services.

As part of its commitment to delivering a completeportfolio of access solutions, Alcatel is making available a comprehensive set of WiMAX solutions designed toprovide operators with a cost-effective radio network.For this reason, Alcatel has sought to identify end-to-endarchitectures, alongside its WiMAX product development,to optimally leverage the access strengths of WiMAX forcomprehensive service and application delivery. Indeed,as a worldwide leader in telecommunications holdingleading positions in fixed broadband access, opticaltransport and service-edge routing — to cite just a fewexamples — Alcatel is uniquely positioned to deliver end-to-end WiMAX solutions.

Benefits of the Alcatel WiMAX solution include:> Reduced CAPEX and OPEX> Universal access to data, voice and video provided

through high-speed Internet (HSI) access (individual),VLAN (corporate/enterprise) and IMS

> Seamless integration of the Alcatel WiMAX accessnetwork into a service provider’s existing infra-structure, thus preserving infrastructure investments,as well as ensuring interworking with current andforthcoming applications

> Scalable solutions in terms of architecture and servicescomplemented with application delivery platformsadapted to various service provider profiles (e.g., fixed,mobile, incumbent, and alternative)

> Secure authentication, authorization and accounting(AAA)

> Single solution capable of providing both wireless-DSL(W-DSL) access and mobile broadband services

> End-to-end dynamic QoS (transport and radio)manageable per subscriber, enabling carrier-gradereal-time sensitive services, such as voice and video.

Among other benefits, Alcatel’s extensive experience andglobal presence in fixed and mobile broadband enablesthe company to provide cost-conscious operators with an interlocking and wide array of solutions, services andapplications — from advanced voice services to value-added data applications, including mobile video (e.g., liveTV, video on demand).

2 Alcatel WiMAX: A Full IP Architecture

2.1 WIMAX: AN ALL-PURPOSE ACCESS NETWORK SYSTEMA WiMAX-based access network permits operators tobenefit from:> broadband mobile wireless access to complement

existing fixed or mobile infrastructures, and/or a> seamless services offer across different

infrastructures.

For its part, the Alcatel WiMAX architecture is adaptableto the needs of diverse operator profiles, including incum-bent, challenger or greenfield licensees. For operatorswith fixed-network assets, it complements the DSL orcable infrastructure in terms of geographic coverage, orby extending existing broadband services beyond a fixedlocation to “on-the-go” nomadic or mobile usage. Foroperators with wireless/mobile networks, WiMAX raisesthe possibility of multimode access to services andapplications either via WiMAX wideband or the existing

The Alcatel WiMAX Solution – An End-to-End IP Architecture

A L C AT E L > 1

2G/3G or Wi-Fi infrastructure. Whatever the variant, the Alcatel solution lets operators provide services andapplications that are:> Ubiquitous and always-on to enable DSL-like end-user

experience anywhere, anytime> Reliable to deliver manageable, carrier-grade QoS

mechanisms,> Secure to provide authentication and control mecha-

nisms to protect the network, while encryption isemployed to safeguard user-data privacy and integrity,

> Seamless to assure multiple access networks share acommon authentication, authorization and accounting(AAA) platform, while a common NGN/IMS coremakes the networks both user- and application-aware.The net result is greater convenience and value forend-users, as well as higher subscriber retention andcost optimization for operators.

2.2 THE ALCATEL WIMAX END-TO-END REFERENCE ARCHITECTUREThe WiMAX-based end-to-end architecture is divided intotwo main parts: the WiMAX radio access network, as wellas the core network and application part (see Figure 1).Both parts are linked by clear and standardized interfacesin order to ensure (a) compatibility with the existinginfrastructure and investment protection, and (b) the flex-ibility to evolve the network to meet future user needs.

Due to the many elementary building blocks that arepart of the Alcatel portfolio, a key feature of the AlcatelWiMAX end-to-end solution is its capability of integratingseamlessly with an existing infrastructure and its adapt-ability to varying operator requirements. In this respect,the portfolio can provide either stand-alone radio accessto broadband services or complement existing fixed ormobile network infrastructures.

2.3 CORE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE OPTIONSAlcatel has designed several architectures based on WiMAXin order to meet the specific requirements of differentnetwork operators. Figure 1 identifies three main variantsin the core network, corresponding to the followingrequirements:> Full NGN/IMS integration, with total multimedia

support (I+II+III),> NGN capabilities supporting QoS for VoIP, in either

complementary or stand-alone networks (I+II),> Data-access fundamentals, suitable for wholesale

or simple “wireless DSL” type deployments (I only).

2.3.1 Full WiMAX integration with IMS and NGNThe Alcatel WiMAX solution allows for a completeintegration of the WiMAX access network into a fixed (DSL or GPON) or mobile (UMTS or CDMA)architecture.

In the case of integration with a mobile network, theproposed solution allows the end user to access servicesdue to the common authentication and authorizationmechanisms implemented in the fixed or mobile networkpart. Specifically, the Alcatel 1430 Home SubscriberService (HSS) provides AAA functions in addition to IMS HSS.

The Alcatel IMS solution’s value proposition can besummarized as follows:> Open - Any third party can develop on top of the

Alcatel 5350 IMS Application Server thanks to theopen APIs, which are standards based (SIP Servlet).

> Ready to launch - The Alcatel solution provides anend-to-end, consistent, and future-proof platform forintroducing user-centric services. Moreover, Alcatelprovides the core, the applications, and the terminalsoftware. This translates into reduced time-to-marketand opportunities to achieve a competitive advantage.The services set, which has been developed on top ofthe Alcatel 5350 IMS Application Server, includes: ¬ Instant Messaging¬ Push-to-X (e.g., Push-to-Talk, Push-to-Show,

Push-to-Share)¬ Presence Server¬ Group List Management¬ Video Over IP Calling¬ Voice Over IP Calling, iFS and advanced services¬ Conferencing

> Ready for massive VoIP deployment - The AlcatelIMS solution is designed with carrier-class operationaland performance constraints. Due to the openness ofthe Alcatel NGN/IMS portfolio, the system is not onlyadaptable to different existing or planned networktechnologies but also sufficiently scalable to cope with operational deployment and subscriber growth.

> Extensible to stay ahead - The IMS solution is open,modular and extensible to easily integrate newexternal services.

> Linked with the operator environment - The IMSsolution integrates with the existing environment, thusproviding operators with access bearer diversity whileensuring non-IMS and IMS service interoperability.


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2.3.2 NGN capabilities supporting QoS for VoIPOne of the key strengths of this architecture is the abilityto provide end users with always-on mobile broadband IP services. This enables anywhere, anytime continuousInternet service, with sufficient QoS to support real-timeapplications such as VoIP, regardless of terrestrialdisplacement. Moreover, where regulatory rules impose,reduced mobility or fixed service can be provided usingthe same architecture, too.

The WiMAX access network can also be stand-alone,or can be deployed to complement an existing accessinfrastructure — be it fixed, mobile, wired or radio based.> In the stand-alone case, mobility under the WiMAX

coverage provides continuous service access to endusers thanks to WiMAX’s mobile IP features.

> In the case of being associated with other accessnetworks, WiMAX permits the operator to provideaccess to end users irrespective of access technologiesdue to the common authentication, authorization andaccounting (AAA) Alcatel platform.

2.3.3 Data-Access Fundamentals Another advantage of the Alcatel WiMAX architecture is that it is flexible enough to provide for operators withless stringent requirements. These include: > operators that wish, as a first step, to offer WiMAX as

a fixed high-speed Internet solution with no foreseenneed to bring operator-charged services, such as VoIPor other multimedia applications.

> wholesalers that intend to split the radio-access net-work among customer ISPs. In this case, the radio andnetwork infrastructure are shared and managed by thewholesaler, but subscriber administration/managementand service/application management remain the ISP’sresponsibility.


4 < A L C AT E L

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Figure 2 - End-to-End NGN/IMS – WiMAX Architecture

3 Key Benefits of the AlcatelEnd-to-End Architecture

3.1 FULL RANGE OF BACKHAULING ANDAGGREGATION OPTIONSWiMAX operators naturally have diverse needs forbackhaul based on:> existing assets that might be leveraged for backhaul> traffic capacity requirements> service types they aim to provide> geographic considerations

Generally, WiMAX operators want flexible, future-proof(capacity-expandable), data-optimized solutions capableof managing advanced services. As a leader in a numberof key transport technologies — wireless transport,broadband access, optical networks, multiservice WAN,Ethernet aggregation and edge routing — Alcatel has themeans to deliver optimized solutions for carrier-gradetransport of bandwidth-intensive WiMAX data servicesfrom the base station to the WAC over any medium: micro-wave, copper or fiber. In addition, Alcatel brings expertisein network design and implementation required to weavethese technologies together in the same network.

3.1.1 Backhauling using MicrowaveCompared to leased lines, microwave technology enablesa high degree of flexibility, terrain independence, highcapillarity, fast rollout, easy capacity growth and costeffectiveness. Today’s microwave solutions are based on PDH/SDH technologies and can offer mixed traffic E1 and Ethernet over the same link. Nevertheless, thetwo traffic types are transported as separate streams, so they don’t exploit the bandwidth in an optimized way.

Even so, as data traffic is becoming predominant,microwave radio is evolving to optimize packet transport.In this respect, native traffic handling and packet aggrega-tion are key capabilities for better exploiting the scarceresource of over-the-air bandwidth. They allow mixingover single stream legacy TDM E1s (encapsulated inpackets, a.k.a. “pseudo-wire”), as well as meet IP trafficwith differentiated QoS requirements. Furthermore,adaptive modulation greatly improves bandwidth capacity,creating an additional variable band comprising two-thirds of the total bandwidth.

Alcatel’s packet microwave capability is based on the Alcatel 9500 MSS platform. The solution provides:> Superior scalability for low- and medium-density areas> Low OPEX> Fast deployment

3.1.2 Backhauling using Carrier Ethernet platformsCarrier Ethernet platforms guarantee high availabilityand resiliency for WiMAX backhauling.

3.1.2.1 Optical packet transport When optical fiber is available, multiservice provisioningplatforms (MSPPs), such as the Alcatel optical multiservicenodes (OMSNs) can be used to backhaul WiMAX traffic.MSPP is an optical platform that supports the efficientaggregation, mapping and transport of multiple dataservices over SONET/SDH. The MSPP network can easilyand efficiently handle WiMAX traffic using standardmechanisms, such as GFP/VCAT/LCAS and pseudo-wiresimply by plugging in the appropriate boards withEthernet interfaces.

MSPP benefits operators by: > allowing reuse of the existing SONET/SDH infrastruc-

ture to aggregate Ethernet traffic together with ATMand TDM;

> enabling the optimization of optical bandwidth for dataservices, without jeopardizing the remaining TDMtraffic transported natively;

> guaranteeing the highest availability for all services by implementing resilient mechanisms based on eitherSONET/SDH protection mechanisms or resilientpacket ring;

> complementing the benefits of Ethernet with bandwidthscalability and resource optimization along with theoperational, administrative and maintenance capabilitiesof the TDM network.

If packet traffic is predominant in the backhaul network(for instance, in greenfield deployments), operatorsprefer a solution capable of scaling to a full packetenvironment. To achieve this objective, the solutionrequires new types of multiservice optical platforms,


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Figure 3 - WiMAX Backhauling Using Microwave

which can support a mix of TDM and packets with fullpacket scalability.

The Alcatel 1850 Transport Service Switch (TSS)meets this challenge. By using a universal matrix, it iscapable of switching any mix of packets or circuits intheir native format and transporting them in a connectionoriented model to preserve the robustness of thetransport infrastructure. It also maintains the transportinfrastructure’s inherent reliability, availability andmanageability.

3.1.3.2 Service-aware aggregation and routing MPLS technology is another option for the WiMAXbackhaul network. In fact, most operators have selectedMPLS for their converged backbone networks. Byextending MPLS into their backhaul network, operatorscan manage a common protocol end-to-end.

For operators, MPLS is also appealing because of its relationship with IP and routed networks. MPLSnetworks inherit IP’s automation of tasks, such as auto-discovery of network elements and packet forwardingdecisions. For its part, MPLS enhances IP with carrier-scale tools for QoS, traffic engineering, troubleshooting(OAM) and sub-50 millisecond restoration.

Alcatel’s IP/MPLS service router portfolio includes theAlcatel 7750 and 7710 Service Routers, the Alcatel 7450Ethernet Services Switch and the Alcatel 5620 ServiceAware Manager. For WiMAX backhaul, Ethernet trafficcan be aggregated using MPLS and transported betweenradios and controllers over fiber or microwave facilities.In the first instance, Ethernet traffic is encapsulatedusing pseudo-wires for point-to-point transport as avirtual leased line.

MPLS standards also define Virtual Private LANService (VPLS). VPLS emulates an Ethernet LAN acrossthe wide area using MPLS to overcome challenges withnative Ethernet’s stability and control. Moreover, withVPLS, any-to-any transport services are supported asrequired by future flat architectures in which controllersare eliminated and radios communicate with other radios,as well as with application-specific gateways.

Finally, a common aggregation network can be usedfor WiMAX, together with mobile traffic (2G/3G) and/orconverged triple-play services. The inherent multiservicecapabilities of MPLS combined with Alcatel’s service-aware portfolio supports differentiated QoS packet-basedservices for both residential and enterprise, and pseudo-wire transport for both legacy TDM and ATM traffic flows.

3.1.3 Backhauling using DSLWith more than 150 million subscribers worldwide, DigitalSubscriber Line (DSL) is the most widely deployedbroadband access technology. Mass-market deploymenthas driven the cost down, making DSL one of the mostcost-effective technologies for residential and businessservice delivery. To reduce their backhaul expenditures,operators with the relevant assets are seriouslyconsidering the transport of WiMAX traffic over DSL.

During the past several years, new flavors of DSL,such as ADSL2plus, E-SHDSL (Enhanced SHDSL) andVDSL2 with native packet transmission capability havebeen developed to cover a broader range of applicationsby increasing the attainable bit rate, as well as the reachover a single copper pair. Bonding techniques havefurther increased the bandwidth or reach by aggregatingtraffic on multiple copper lines. In this respect, DSL cancover symmetrical or asymmetrical traffic profiles from afew kb/s to several tens of Mb/s. It is also well-suited forurban and dense urban areas where base stations arelocated up to 5 km from a central office.

This backhaul scheme is likely to be of particularinterest to integrated operators offering both fixed and mobile services who have a DSLAM infrastructurealready. Leased-line substitution can already offersubstantial savings depending on the national leased lineand LLU (Local Loop Unbundling) pricing conditions. Itcan also enable a future converged fixed-mobile serviceoffering.

The Alcatel 7302 Intelligent Services Access Manage(ISAM) is the industry’s first IP-based access platformcapable of delivering 100 percent triple-play services. By using DSL, operators can prepare for fixed-mobileconvergence while significantly reducing transport costs.

Figure 4 - WiMAX Backhauling Using DSL


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3.2 SECURE AUTHENTICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND ACCOUNTING (AAA)The Alcatel WiMAX solution supports the AAA frameworkdefined by the WiMAX Forum network group. It relies onwell-established IETF specifications that provide methodsand procedures for authentication (device and user),authorization (user profiles) and accounting (informationfor accounting).

Authentication and authorization are based on EAP(Extensible Authentication Protocol). Between the basestation (BS) and the WAC, the EAP runs over the PKMv2protocol and, between the WAC and the AAA server, it runs over RADIUS.

Figure 5 - WiMAX Secure Authentication and Authorization

The WiMAX solution proposes the support of variousmethods for device and user authentication. These methodsinclude certificate-based authentication, SIM-basedauthentication and login/password-based authentication.All of these methods are incorporated in the Alcatel AAAserver. In addition, the Alcatel AAA server is deployableas a stand-alone server or as part of the Alcatel HLR/HSS.

This solution is particularly beneficial for rationalizing the mobile operator’s customer care and infrastructure.

Furthermore, the WAC generates CDRs (ChargingData Records) sent to the AAA server for furtherprocessing by a billing server.

Figure 6 - 1430 HSS (Combined AAA/HSS Configuration)

3.3 END-TO-END MANAGEABLE QUALITY OF SERVICE (QoS)The Alcatel WiMAX radio access network is designed toprovide QoS, which is manageable at the subscriber level.The required QoS can be granted either dynamically orpermanently in order to fulfill the required Service LevelAgreement (SLA).

The QoS initiated by the network (by means of asession border node) for SIP-based services — especiallyvoice — takes into account the WiMAX end-user terminalin order to guarantee a true end-to-end QoS. The QoS isalso propagated on the transport network, as the buildingblocks of the end-to-end Alcatel WiMAX solution arecapable of recognizing different types of traffic.


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4 The Value of Alcatel WiMAX-Based Networks

The Alcatel WiMAX solution is designed to fulfill theneeds of every potential service provider and networkoperator seeking to deploy broadband wireless services,be they fixed, nomadic, portable or mobile, or anycombination thereof. It enables them to:> Complement the coverage of an existing access

infrastructure with a common access control andauthentication in large part due to the to the Alcatel1430 HSS. In conjunction with IMS HSS for fixed andmobile operators, the Alcatel 1430 HSS provides thecritical AAA capability.

> Protect the existing investment in network infra-structure, thanks to a fully IP-based architecture.Existing and planned Layer 2 and Layer 3 networkscan easily provide the necessary terrestrial means forinterconnecting the WiMAX access network, reducingdeployment and operational costs. In addition,deployed 2G/3G radio sites are capable of hostingWiMAX base stations.

> Enter into the market as a greenfield operator withsignificantly reduced investment risks, due to a future-proof IP architecture, as well as compliance withworldwide standards (e.g., IETF, WiMAX Forum,3GPP). This compliance also future proofs the initialinvestment against the implementation of new featuresand services, thus extending applications, increasingcapacity and coverage (scalability), and even enhancingthe network architecture (NGN/IMS).

> Seamlessly bundle broadband wireless services withexisting services to generate new revenue with, forexample, DSL fixed services seamlessly relayed withWiMAX, when on the move.


8 < A L C AT E L

www.alcatel.comAlcatel, the Alcatel logo and Evolium are registered trademarks of Alcatel.

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Alcatel assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of the

information presented, which is subject to change without notice.© 10 2006 Alcatel. All rights reserved. 3CL 00469 1125 TQZZA Ed.01 21013

Documents

ALcatel Lucent WiMAX End 2 End Solutions