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3AL 69222 AAAA Issue 9 August 2001
Technical Description
Alcatel OptinexTM 1641 SX
4/3/1 MultiService Metro GatewayRelease 6
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Contents
Page
Overview 8
Main Features of Alcatel OptinexTM 1641 SX Release 6 10General Design and Operational Aspects 12
Cross Connect Matrix 13
Line Interface 14
Network Management Interfaces 14
Control System 15
Clock Generation and Distribution 16
Upgrade Philosophy 16Extensibility 17
Upgradability 17
Main Benefits for the Operator 17
Major Differences to Release 5 18
Applications 18
Network Applications 20Cross Connect in Meshed and Star-type Networks 20
Cross Connect Interconnecting Ring Networks 20
Cross Connects in Submarine Head Ends 21
Supervision of Quality of Service with Tandem ConnectionMonitoring 22
Concatenation Application for VC-4-4c 23
Gateway Applications 24Gateway between SDH and SONET Networks 24
Gateway Between Plesiochronous and Synchronous Network24
Network Element Applications 25Network Element for Grooming and Consolidation 25
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Network Element of Medium Size and Full VC-12 Access 25
Principles of Operation 26
Interfaces 26
System Extension and Upgrade 26
Equipment Protection 281+1 Equipment Protection 28
1:N Equipment Protection 29
Network Protection 30Multiplex Section Protection 30
Subnetwork Connection Protection 33
System Management 34Cross Connection Management 34
Configuration Management 34
Performance Management 35Fault Management 35
Security Management 35
Alcatel 1641/1664 SX 1674 Lambda Gate Craft Terminal(CT) 35
Network Management 37
System Architecture 39
Cross Connect Matrix 39
Cross Connect Control System 45Architecture 45
Internal Communication System 47
Control Interfaces 48
Redundancy Architecture 49Operating Principles 49
NAU and NUTS Rack and Subrack Layout 50
Generic Alcatel Common I/O Shelf 51Introduction 51
Functional Architecture 53
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Common I/O Shelf Architecture 56
Optical Shelf Configurations - STM-N Common Aspects 58STM-16 Optical Interface 59
STM-4 Optical Interface 61
STM-1 Optical Interface 62
STM-1 Electrical Interface 63
Plesiochronous 2 Mbit/s Interface 64
Plesiochronous 45 Mbit/s DS3 I/O Partsystem 65
Clock Generation and Distribution 67
Tasks 67Principle of Clock and Frame Distribution 68Synchronization Sources 70
Operation Modes 71
Equipment Practice 71
Racks71
Cabling 73Standard Rack Cabling 73
Common I/O Rack Cabling 74
Optical Inter-rack Cabling 74
Subracks 75
Station Alarm 75
Power Supply 75Supply Voltage 75Power Distribution 76
Earthing 78
Technical Data 79
Synchronous Interfaces 79Optical STM-16 Interface 79
Optical STM-4 Interface 80
Optical STM-1 Interface 81
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Electrical STM-1 Interface 81
Plesiochronous Interfaces 8245 Mbit/s DS3 Interface (R5) 82
34 Mbit/s Interface 83
2 Mbit/s Interface 83
Clock Interface 83
System Capacity 84
Jitter and Wander 84
Equipment Practice 84
Environmental Conditions 85
Power Supply 85
Delay Times 85
Reliability 85
Protection 86
Electromagnetic Compatibility 86
Product Safety 86
Abbreviations 86
Glossary 90
Related Documents 92
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OverviewThe Alcatel family of intelligent OptinexTM
MultiService Gateway systems (OMSG) is designedfor the real-time aspects of continuously developingnetworks. The ability to support a wide range ofapplications requested by network operators is adecisive factor in the design of these systems.
Within the OMSG family, the 4/1 MultiserviceMetro Gateway Alcatel OptinexTM 1641 SX, in short4/1 OMSG, considerably improves facilitymanagement, substantially reduces operationalcosts and offers new, efficient services in today'sand tomorrow's network environment. This productprovides real-time network control for networkprotection and re-routing and offers hubbing,grooming, traffic segregation and add-dropfunctions. Moreover, it is equipped with many otherfeatures promoting efficient use of interoffice andlocal distribution facilities.
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Figure 1 Example of a Typical Network Structure
Figure 1 illustrates an example of a typical networkstructure using the Alcatel OptinexTM 1641 SX as4/(3/)1 OMSG and the 4/4 Multiservice CoreGateway and Cross Connect Alcatel OptinexTM
1664 SX as 4/4 OMSG.
The main application areas are network nodeswhere a lot of traffic needs to be gathered,
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organized and distributed: i.e. in nodes where ringsare interconnected or hubs of a backbone meshed orhubbed network
The Alcatel OptinexTM 1641 SX provides innovativeservices with high availability that utilize existingfacilities while also making provision for networkevolution.
This document describes the features implementedin Release 6 of the 4/1 OMSG. Features planned forfuture releases are marked.
Main Features of Alcatel OptinexTM 1641 SX Release 6The 4/1 OMSG Alcatel OptinexTM 1641 SX is awideband Digital Cross Connect system thatprovides interfaces to standard line facilities andcross-connects virtual containers or collections ofvirtual containers complying with ITU-TRecommendation G.707 and ETSI/SONETrequirements. It receives the incoming synchronoussignals STM-N and processes them according toITU-T and ETSI. The plesiochronous input signalsare mapped to the corresponding virtual containersVC-4, VC-3 and VC-12.
The matrix of the 4/1 OMSG provides crossconnection for all container types mentioned.
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Figure 2 SDH Multiplex Structure
The SDH multiplex structure illustrated in Figure2, which is supported by the 4/1 OMSG, complieswith the Recommendations ITU-T G.707 and ETS300 147 R1.
The 4/1 OMSG is divided into the followingfunctional blocks: Cross Connect Matrix
Input/Output partsystems for line interfacing• Dedicated I/O partsystems in 600 mm deep
racks
• Common I/O shelves in 300 mm deep racks Clock Generation and Distribution Control.
Release 6 basic architecture is illustrated in Figure3.
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Figure 3 Alcatel OptinexTM 1641 SX Release 6 Basic Architecture
General Design and Operational AspectsAll central partsystems, i.e. matrix, clockgeneration and distribution as well as controloperate fully redundantly, i.e. they are (1+1)
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protected.
All electrical I/O partsystems are designed for (1:N)equipment protection.
Line and equipment protection is provided for theoptical I/O partsystems (1+1).
As a result of implementing a new equipmentpractice with 300x600 mm racks instead of 600x600mm racks for the line interfaces, the I/O density isimproved in comparison to former Releases byfactors from 4 to 8. This reduces the floorspace ofthe system drastically.
The partsystems are arranged in subracks (LMCmatrix and Dedicated I/O) and Common I/Oshelves. The subracks and shelves are housed inracks. The racks are mounted in rows with thepossibility of multiple rack configurations. With theinter-rack optical cabling, the center row can beconnected to an island at a greater distance.
Cross Connect MatrixThe matrix is a non-blocking three-stage Closmatrix from the Alcatel Large Matrix Configuration(LMC) families, supporting unidirectional,bidirectional and broadcast connections. In the 4/1OMSG Release 6, only one matrix family type isprovided, the LMC960. LMC448 and LMC480families are supported.
Within the LMC960 family, two versions areavailable:
LMC960with a switching capacity of 960 STM-1equivalent data streams, comprising sevenracks
LMC384with a switching capacity of 384 STM-1equivalent data streams, comprising threeracks.
End stage matrices which are not fully equippedmay be extended hitlessly during operation to theirfull capacity.
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Line InterfaceThe 4/1 OMSG provides interfaces to the followingline signals:
STM-64 optical *
STM-16 optical
STM-4 optical
STM-1 optical
STM-1 electrical
140 Mbit/s (R5)
45 Mbit/s / DS3
34 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s 120 Ohm and 75 Ohm
1.5 Mbit/s ** planned for future releases
In Alcatel OptinexTM 1641 SX Release 6, the I/Opartsystems deployed with the Alcatel 1641 SXReleases 4 and 5 are augmented by a set ofCommon I/O shelves. These I/O shelves arecommon for the Alcatel Cross Connect Systems andthe new generation OptinexTM MultiService Nodes(OMSN) Alcatel OptinexTM 1660 SM (Add/Drop-Multiplexer).
The Common I/O shelves can be equipped fordifferent types of plesiochronous and synchronousinterfaces (STM-1 to STM-16). It is compatible withthe LMC448 and LMC480 matrix families and,thus, easily allows line interface extensions ofAlcatel OptinexTM 1641 SX systems already in thefield.
Network Management InterfacesThe 4/1 OMSG provides
External control interfaces to one or moreoperation systems and/or network managementsystems (such as the Alcatel 1353 family,including the Alcatel 1353 SH and Alcatel 1354RH)
Craft Terminal interface
External synchronization interfaces to the clocksystem and vice versa.
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Control SystemThe 4/1 OMSG uses a hierarchically distributedprocessor system for control.
Figure 4 External Control Interfaces
The 4/1 OMSG is controlled either by an OperationSystem (OS) or a Craft Terminal (CT) via theQ interface.
The 4/1 OMSG is an integral part of the AlcatelSDH Network Management strategy. It can becontrolled by the Element Manager (EM) Alcatel1353 SH. Using the Alcatel 1354 RM, end-to-endconnections in a mixed 4/1 OMSG/OMSN/ON/Wnetwork can be automatically set-up and thequality monitored.
The EM workstation has a window system based onHP OPENVIEW and provides a user-friendlygraphical interface.
The following management functions are available:
Cross Connection Management
Configuration Management
Performance Management
Fault Management
Security Management.
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The Alcatel 1641 SX Craft Terminal provides asubset of the EM functionality, focussed on singleNE management, including installation andcommissioning functions. The operational conceptand graphical interface of the CT and EM areidentical (for details please refer to the CT leaflet)
Clock Generation and DistributionThe Clock Generation and Distribution partsystemcomprises the Master Clock Board (MCB), ClockDistribution Board (CDB) and Clock Reference Unit(CRU). The task is to distribute and supervise theclock and timing reference signals. The systemclock can be synchronized to one of four 2.048 MHztiming references in the modes:
Automatic choice
Manual choice
Free-running.
The clock system can be used in SynchronizationSupply Unit (SSU) mode or in SynchronousEquipment Clock (SEC) mode, according to ITU-TRecommendations G.812/813.
Upgrade PhilosophyOne of the primary philosophies behind the designof the 4/1 OMSG is that the system can be extendedin both size (extensibility) and functionality(upgradability), according to customer needs anddemands. The 4/1 OMSG matrix and line interfacescan be extended simply by adding hardware andsoftware as needed.
The software upgrade is hitless. For furtherexplanations, please refer to the Glossary.
The 4/1 OMSG can be equipped with any type ofCommon I/O shelves from 2 Mbit/s to STM-16 bothin ETSI and in SONET hierarchies. This enablesthe customer to tailor the system to his specificneeds.
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ExtensibilityRacks and subracks may be partially or fullyequipped, depending on the need. I/O modules (I/Oboards, I/O subracks, shelves) may be added up tothe maximal capacity of the matrix.
The matrix may be extended by adding matrixboards/subracks. The extension of a configurationwithin one release does not require any softwaremodifications. The operation of the extensionscauses no traffic interruption or hits.
UpgradabilityNew features may be added to an existingconfiguration by installing a new release. A newrelease generally consists of new software andmodified/additional hardware. However, the newsoftware is compatible with existing hardware.
Main Benefits for the OperatorIn the context of operations, the 4/1 OMSG provides
Improved I/O functionality
Common I/O shelves
Higher I/O density
Smaller footprint
New features and applications
and from the aspect of logistics, taking the commonfeatures of the 4/1 OMSG into account,
Synergy in spares
Ease of spare management
Ease of repairs
Reduction of training requirements.
A new spare parts strategy is possible because thenumber of different shelves for line interfacing isreduced drastically. A combination of newequipment practice (300 mm depth, in back-to-backconfiguration) with the equipment practice ofprevious releases(600 mm depth) is possible and supported.
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Major Differences to Release 5Major changes in 4/1 OMSG Alcatel OptinexTM 1641SX Release 6 with respect to Release 5 are:
High Density Interfaces (synchronous andplesiochronous Common I/Os)
Monitoring the High Density Interface signalsafter passing the matrix
Integrated/native STM-4 ports
STM-4 and STM-16 with VC-4-4c
Improved scalable control system
Fast Equipment Protection Switching (EPS) forHigh Density Interfaces
MS-SPRing functionality for STM-16
Fast SNCP VC-4 for High Density Interfaces
Fast linear MSP (1+1) complying withETSI/ITU, for synchronous High DensityInterfaces
Overhead J0 and J2 Byte handling forsynchronous ports
Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM)
New equipment practice for High DensityInterfaces (300 mm racks)
Fast cold start
Colored lasers for interconnection with WDMequipment
AU3/AU4 conversion for SONET-SDHinterworking.
ApplicationsOptinexTM MultiService Gateway systems arebasically needed in flexible transport networks. Theunrestricted ability of the 4/1 MultiService MetroGateway Alcatel OptinexTM 1641 SX (4/1 OMSG),Release 6, to perform cross-connections between allkinds of PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy)and SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) portsensures the highest flexibility and performance forall present and future networks, e.g. when used asa gateway between the hierarchies.
The 4/1 OMSG helps customers to migratesmoothly from a PDH to a SDH network. Quasi
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static networks with multiplexers and mechanicaldistribution frames can be upgraded to dynamicnetworks providing fast reaction times for changingtraffic patterns (e.g. Leased Line Service). The 4/1OMSG can be implemented in a wide range ofnetwork configurations, e.g. meshed, ring or hubconfigurations.
The in-service extensibility of the 4/1 OMSG, byadding features and increasing capacity to up to960 STM-1 equivalent ports, provides the networkprovider with a future safe network element.
Powerful monitoring functions enable the currentstate of the network paths to be called in. Alloperations on the 4/1 OMSG can be controlledlocally by means of a Craft Terminal (CT) orremotely by means of the Operation System (OS).
Network protection methods guarantee reliability ofservices to customers. The 4/1 OMSG provides anextremely secure, highly available network withprotection schemes such as Multiplex SectionProtection (MSP) for STM-N interfaces or Sub-Network Connection Protection (SNCP) for all bitrates. Linear MSP complies with ITU-TRecommendations G.841 and G.783. The STM-16Common I/O shelf also supports the MultiplexSection Shared Protection Rings (MS-SPRing).
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Network Applications
Cross Connect in Meshed and Star-type NetworksNetwork nodes in meshed networks and in thestarpoint of star-type networks are characterized bylinks to more than two other nodes. The applicationof the 4/1 OMSG in these network topologiesrequires a capacity large enough for futureexpansion of the network node. This is provided by4/1 OMSG.
Cross Connect Interconnecting Ring NetworksRing network elements, such as OptinexTM
MultiService Nodes (OMSN), are optimized for ringprotection functionality and are restricted withregard to their grooming capability.
SNCP: Subnetwork Connection ProtectionMS-SPRing: Multiplex Section Shared Protection RingOMSN: Optinex MultiService Node (Add/Drop Multiplexer)OMSG: Optinex MultiService Gateway (Cross Connect)
Figure 5 Ring Network Cross-connection
A Cross Connect system between the ring couplingnodes ensures a full grooming and consolidationcapability and, therefore, an efficient use of thebandwidth in the transport network. Theadvantage is high flexibility through non-blockingcross-connection between different rings and inservice upgrade.
A second application of the 4/1 OMSG in ring
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configurations is the Dual Node Coupling, ensuringa high network availability by providing differenttransmission paths between two rings.
Figure 6 Failure Management by Dual Node Coupling
If located at two different mesh points between tworings, the 4/1 OMSG supports the drop-and-continue function. In this application, the SNCPselectors route signals in such a way that it is notpossible for any combination of simultaneousfailures on each ring to cause traffic interruption.
Cross Connects in Submarine Head EndsDue to the increase in international traffic, manysubmarine networks have recently been deployed orare under construction. These networks carry largeamounts of traffic which need to be distributed atthe network landing points. For these applications,the Cross Connect is the optimal network element.It provides the capacity to groom and consolidatetraffic at each landing station. This is even moreimportant because fiber capacities in thesesubmarine networks are scarce resources, and theiruse needs to be controlled efficiently.
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Supervision of Quality of Service with Tandem Connection MonitoringAll cross-connected signals can be monitored byconnection supervision functions, i.e. Low-orderPath Overhead Monitoring (LPOM) at 2 Mbit/s onthe signal transmit side.
The Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM)completes the end-to-end quality supervision of asignal by the parity bits (BIP) in the container.TCM supervises a VC on its way through asubnetwork. It is possible to supervise a section of apath which runs through the area of severaldifferent network operators.
Figure 7 TCM for Path Performance Supervision
A network operator can thus ensure Quality ofService parameters specified for his network part.
The Network Management resets the TCM counter(N1 Byte) at the entry point of the path to a specificsubnetwork. The parity is recalculated in everynetwork element. In the case of a failure theamount of failures is inserted/added in/to thecorresponding byte. At the exit point of the specific
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subnetwork, the information of the TCM counter istransferred to the Network Management (OS ofspecific subnetwork). This information can be usedto detect a failure in a subnetwork part of a path.
Concatenation Application for VC-4-4cNow that the data industry is beginning to puttransmission functionality in traditional datanetworking equipment, e.g. IP-routers which haveVC-4-4c interfaces, there is a demand for greaterefficiency by increasing the capacity of the "bit-pipe" offered to these network users. Thisapplication is supported by the 4/1 OMSG Release 6with the possibility for flexible 622 Mbit/s Gbit/sconnections through handling concatenated signals.
Figure 8 VC-4-4c Concatenation
In the case of VC-4-4c, virtual VC-4 containers arejoined to make one high capacity VC. This highcapacity VC is managed as a single VC within thecross-connect and in the network context.
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Gateway Applications
Gateway between SDH and SONET NetworksA Cross Connect system supporting both SONETand SDH mapping schemes serves as a gatewaybetween both worlds.
SDH Synchronous Digital HierarchySONET Synchronous Optical NetworkSTM-N Synchronous Transport Module - Level NOC-M Optical Container - Level M
Figure 9 Gateway between SDH and SONET Networks
The Cross Connect is capable of connecting theSONET world at the OC-3 level and the SDH worldat theSTM-1 level.
Gateway Between Plesiochronous and Synchronous NetworkDue to its large cross-connecting capability, theCross Connect can be applied as a PDH-SDHgateway where a large amount of traffic isconcentrated (e.g. large exchanges).
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Figure 10 Gateway Between Plesiochronous and Synchronous Networks
Network Element Applications
Network Element for Grooming and ConsolidationA Cross Connect in SDH networks provides trafficgrooming and consolidation functionalities.
Grooming is the reorganization of incoming trafficfrom different links that are destined for onedestination to links which are assigned to thistraffic destination.
Consolidation means reorganizing traffic fromlightly loaded links onto fewer, more heavily loadedlinks to increase system fill and equipmentutilization.
Network Element of Medium Size and Full VC-12 AccessFor network elements with just a few STM-16interfaces or higher and complete VC-12 access, thetotal system capacity may easily exceed the size ofnetwork elements with a restricted system capacity.
In these cases, the Cross Connect is able to performthe required functionality with full flexibility andextensibility. In contrast to the Cross Connect, aconglomeration of small sized network elementswhich are connected via cables would be veryinflexible and restrictive.
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Principles of OperationInterfaces
The following interfaces are provided by the 4/1MultiService Metro Gateway Alcatel OptinexTM
1641 SX (4/1 OMSG): Synchronous and plesiochronous transmission
interfaces to digital cross connect systems, toplesiochronous and synchronous multiplexers
External synchronization interfaces to the clocksystem and vice versa
Interfaces to local or remote Craft Terminals
External control interfaces to one or moreoperation systems and/or network managementsystems (such as the Alcatel 1353 family).
Figure 11 illustrates the interfaces between the 4/1OMSG and the system environment.
Figure 11 Interfaces of the 4/1 OMSG Alcatel OptinexTM 1641 SX
System Extension and UpgradeNew 4/1 OMSGs are only deployed with Release 6hardware. Matrix and I/O upgrades are hitlesswithin Release 6.
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Starting with an 4/1 OMSG Release 5 system, it ispossible to add the new Release 6 I/Os to theexisting I/O partsystems thus upgrading it toRelease 6. The Shelf Controllers (SC) of the newCommon I/O shelves have to be connected to theLAN switches of the internal controlcommunication system, the GTI interfaces to freeports of the end stages of the LMC matrix. The newCommon I/O racks can be installed in a multiplerow configuration as it is already supported forRelease 5 racks. A mixture of existing and newhardware can thus be operated.
The In Service Upgrade from Release 5 to Release 6for software is supported.
An upgrade from LMC480 to LMC960 is supported.An upgrade from LMC448 and LMC384 to LMC960is not supported.
Prerequisites for an upgrade from Release 5 toRelease 6 are:
Upgrade from the LMC224 matrix typesupported in Release 5 to LMC448 (no LMC224and square matrices are supported in Release6).
The Administrative Unit must be an NAU witha LAN switch in the internal LAN backbone.The upgrade of the Administrative Unit has tobe performed in Release 5.
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Equipment ProtectionTo protect the 4/1 OMSG network element fromsingle failures of equipment parts which would leadto traffic interruptions on the affected cross-connection, the 4/1 OMSG partsystems operatewith redundancy.
All central partsystems, such as Control, Matrixand Clock Generation and Distribution, are fullyredundant, i.e. they are (1+1) protected.
All electrical I/O partsystems are designed for (1:N)protection.
For the optical I/O partsystems, (1+1) protection isprovided.
1+1 Equipment Protection
Figure 12 (1+1) Equipment Protection Scheme
The protection scheme (1+1) implies that for everyworking equipment or partsystem, there is anadditional one running parallel to which the trafficis broadcast. In the event of a failure, e.g. ofEquipment 1, the traffic is switched to theredundant equipment.
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1:N Equipment ProtectionIn this case, N working equipment are protected byone redundant equipment. In the event of a failuree.g. of Equipment 1, the traffic is switched to theredundant Equipment P. In the case of the 4/1OMSG, this protection scheme is used for theelectrical I/O partsystems.
Figure 13 (1:N) Equipment Protection Scheme
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Network ProtectionDifferent network protection schemes are supportedby the 4/1 OMSG. They are described in thefollowing Chapters 3.4.1 (Multiplex SectionProtection) and 3.4.2 (Subnetwork ConnectionProtection). An overview of the switchingperformance for different interface types is shownin Table 1.
Interface Type Single-ended MSP Dual-ended MSP SNCP MS-SPRing
STM-16 < 50 msSTM-4
< 50 ms
STM-1 optical < 50 msSTM-1 electrical
< 50 ms
< 50 ms
VC12: < 50 ms
VC4: < 50 ms *VC4/3/1: < 3 s **
Plesiochronous - - < 3 s
-
* within Common I/O shelf
** in the system
Table 1 Network Protection Switching Performance Values
Multiplex Section ProtectionA Multiplex Section Protection (MSP) configurationconsists of the broadcast, called bridging, of a VC-4to two separate multiplex sections in the transmitdirection and a selector function in the receivedirection. The selection of one of the two receivedsignals is performed according to the signal qualityand the MSP protocol in the counter direction ifavailable.
The two sections have to be terminated in the samesubrack.
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Protection scheme 1+1 (single-ended MSP)Broadcast signal at ASelect MS-signal at B
Protection scheme 1:n (dual-ended MSP) (n = 1, 2, 3, ...)1. Send n signals on n working links at A2. Evaluate MS signal at B3. Report signal state to A via K1/K2 bytes4. If one of the signals is not good, switch at A to protection link5. Later, roll back
Figure 14 Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)
Single-ended MSP
In single-ended protection mode, switching isunidirectional. The selection of one of the two VC-4signals occurs independently for each direction ofthe bidirectional signal. There is no communicationbetween the selector functions. The signal from theredundant route is selected with the help of aprotection function within the I/O STM-Npartsystem.
There is no automatic restoring because each routehas the same priority. If a failure is detected in thesection currently active, the redundant route isselected and then becomes the active section.
Dual-ended Linear MSP
In dual-ended protection mode, switching isbidirectional. When the signal received from theworking route in one direction is detected as bad, aswitch is performed with the help of a protectionfunction within the I/O partsystem. In the counterdirection, the switch is reported by the K1/K2 bytes
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in the Section Overhead (SOH) of the transmittedsynchronous signal to the far end receiver. As aresult, this receiver also switches to the redundantroute.
2-fiber MS-SPRing
The 2-fiber MS-SPRing protection mode is providedfor a ring configuration of Network Elements (NE)with at least two bidirectional STM-16 ports.
Figure 15 Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring (MS-SPRing)
The NEs are connected in a ring by means of twooptical fibers, one for the clockwise direction andthe other for counter-clockwise. The entire VC-4transmission capacity is divided into one halfworking VC-4s and one half protection VC-4s. Theprotection capacity may be used for low prioritytraffic which is lost in case of failure (extra traffic).
MS-SPRing is performed by sending the VC-4 onthe working output. In the case of a failure, the VC-
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4 is switched to the protecting output in the counterdirection. Switching is controlled by K1/K2 protocoland performed in less than 50 ms. If the workingpath is restored, the VC-4 is switched backautomatically (revertive mode).
Subnetwork Connection ProtectionA Subnetwork Connection Protection (SNCP)configuration consists of the broadcast of one VC ofa plesiochronous signal to two separate paths in thetransmission direction and a selector function inthe receive direction. The selection of one of the tworeceived signals is performed according to thesignal quality.
Figure 16 Subnetwork Connection Protection
The protection mode is single-ended (unidirectional)switching. The selection of one of the twoconnections occurs independently for each directionof the bidirectional signal. There is nocommunication between the selector functions.
There is no automatic restoring because each routehas the same priority. If a failure is detected in theroute currently active, the redundant route isselected and then becomes the active route.
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System ManagementThe 4/1 OSMG can be accessed by the user
From a network management system(Regional Manager Alcatel 1354RM,Element Manager Alcatel 1353 SH)
From a local or remote CT.
The general system management functions, such asDCC routing and remote inventory of eachreplaceable unit, are supported.
The element management layer services supportedby the Craft Terminal (CT) described in Section3.5.6 correspond to the functional areas defined inITU-T M.3010 Recommendations and comprise of
Cross Connection Management
Configuration Management
Performance Management
Fault Management
Security Management.
Cross Connection ManagementThe path configuration management deals with thecreation, modification and clearing of terminated ornon-terminated paths within a managed network.This task is part of the Alcatel 1354 RM RegionalManager. This SDH Regional Manager provides thefacilities for end-to-end connection management inan SDH network. Functions such as path creationor path scheduled operation are included in themanager.
Configuration ManagementConfiguration Management comprises all the tasksrequired to configure and reconfigure theequipment and the transmission functionality ofthe 4/1 OMSG. All cross-connections are configuredaccording to the switching commands received fromthe operator.
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Performance ManagementThe 4/1 OMSG provides configurable monitoring ofsignals at its interfaces. Performance data iscollected and stored to maintain the performancedata history and statistics. Events are collected andfiltered based on ITU-T Recommendation G.826(Ed. 97).
Fault ManagementAppropriate alarms, status indications and alarmrecords are generated in case of failures. Alarmsare received from the equipment, transmissionfunctions and other applications, such as SecurityManagement.
Detection capabilities are provided and faultcorrections are started, e.g. reconfiguration orautomatic switching to redundant devices.
Security ManagementThe system is protected against misuse byunauthorized users.
Security related events are recorded.
Administrative functions, such as those listedbelow, are performed by the security management:
Setting of passwords
User list
User profiles with access rights
User and activity log
Authentification of users by name and password
Session management with automatic logoff.
Alcatel 1641/1664 SX 1674 Lambda Gate Craft Terminal (CT)The CT consists of a workstation, Operation AndMaintenance software (OAM), application softwareand additional devices, such as printers and tapedrives. It is connected to the Administrative Unit.
It provides full access to all features implementedin the 4/1 OMSG and 4/4 MultiService CoreGateway and Cross Connect Alcatel OptinexTM
1664 SX (4/4 OMSG) respectly 1674 Lambda Gate
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to the operator.
The CT provides operators with numerousadvantages, such as
Maintenance operation
Flexibility and ease of operation
Powerful element maintenance services
Common look and feel of CT and networkmanagement system Alcatel 1353 SH terminal.
Ten remote or local CTs may be connected to one4/1 OMSG, but only one of them may be active.Commands, requests and retrievals are distributedto the appropriate equipment.
Figure 17 Graphical User Interface
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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is astandardized, multi-window, color, graphicalinterface. It is based on X.11 and HP OpenView.
Commands and information requests are enteredvia the keyboard or mouse. Ergonomic designenables operators to execute its task efficiently.User-friendliness is a key issue in the developmentof the GUI. For example, visual presentation of allavailable cross-connections allows easy control andsupervision of the network element 4/1 OMSG.
A context sensitive online help system on ahypertext base supports the operator wherenecessary.
Automatic system restart is carried out after powerfailure or process crash.
A restart or power down of a CT does not affect theoperability of the 4/1 OMSG.
Network ManagementThe 4/1 OMSG is typically deployed in a NetworkRelease context and is thus managed by the Alcatelnetwork management systems. For reasons ofcontrollability of the network element in case of afailure of the control network, it is possible tomanage the4/1 OMSG as a stand alone network element whichis done by the Alcatel 1641/1664 SX Craft Terminal(CT) and described in Section 3.5.6.
Embedding of the 4/1 OMSG in the Alcatelmanagement system according to the NetworkReleases is illustrated in Figure 18.
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Figure 18 Embedding fo the Craft Terminal and OMSG in the Network ManagementSystem
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System Architecture
Cross Connect MatrixThe Matrix partsystem is the central part of the 4/1Multiservice Metro Gateway Alcatel OptinexTM 1641SX (4/1 OMSG). Two identical copies of matricesare connected to the I/O interfaces and performcross-connections of the VCs. One input and oneoutput of the matrix is called a matrix port. Theformat of the signals between the I/O and thematrix ports is the Alcatel standardized signalformat for internal interfaces called GenericTransport Interface (GTI). It is similar to the STM-1 format. The size of the matrix is defined by thenumber of STM-1 equivalent ports.
Figure 19 Matrix Interfaces
The matrix only receives and transmits signals inGTI format. The incoming signals are mapped orconverted into GTI on the plesiochronous andsynchronous I/O boards or the Common I/O shelves.The GTI frame is based on the STM-1 framespecified by ITU-T Recommendation G.707. Itenables the transport of all signals of the UShierarchy and ETSI hierarchy levels 1 to 4 (1.5
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Mbit/s to 140 Mbit/s) mapped to Virtual Containers(VC).
The VCs are sent from the I/O boards or CommonI/O shelves to both copies of the Matrix (A and B)via the GTI. The matrix performs the cross-connection on the VC-4, VC-3 or VC-12 level andsends the VCs to the relevant I/O boards orCommon I/O shelves via GTI. The configuration ofboth matrix copies is always identical. On the I/Oboards or Common I/O shelf, one GTI signal isselected from Copy A or Copy B, based on quality.
The matrix supports the following connection types: Unidirectional
Bidirectional
Broadcast.
Complex cross-connections, such as Protected Broadcast
Drop & Insert
Drop & Continue
are supported via combining unidirectional,bidirectional, SNCP and broadcast cross-connections.
The quality of a connection is supervised with thehelp of identifiers which are inserted into the VCson the input ports. The identifiers received from thematrix on the output ports are compared with thoseexpected. In case of a mismatch, the signal from theother matrix copy is selected. A parity bit is alsoused to check the quality of the connection.
In order to achieve a maximum size, the matrix isconfigured in a three stage Clos structure calledLarge Matrix Configuration (LMC). It is non-blocking for unidirectional and bidirectionalconnections.
The Clos network of the LMC consists of an inputstage, a center stage and an output stage. Inputand output stages perform space and timeswitching and are also called end stages. Thecentral stage simply performs space switching. TheLMC uses a hitless rearrangement procedure forthe Clos network.
In the 4/1 OMSG Release 6, only the LMC960matrix family type is provided, the full version
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LMC960 with a switching capacity of 960, thepartial version LMC384 with 384 STM-1 equivalentdata streams. LMC448 and LMC480 families aresupported.
With the expansion ratio of 24x32, together with anincreased cross-connecting capability of 960 STM-1equivalents, the LMC960 matrix provides improvedFFP and broadcast capability.
Mechanically, the LMC960 is implemented in high-capacity double subracks. An Hi-cap End StageSubrack (HESS) comprises two rows of End stageMatrix Boards with 32 ports (EXB32), an Hi-capCenter Stage Subrack (HCSS) comprises two rowsof Center stage Matrix Boards with 40 ports(CXB40).
EXB End stage Matrix BoardCXB Center stage Matrix Board
Figure 20 LMC960 Configuration with 960 Ports
Matrix partsystem redundancy is achieved byduplication (Copy A and Copy B).
The following figure depicts the rack layout of thefull matrix version LMC960.
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HCSS Center Stage SubrackHESS End Stage Subrack
Figure 21 LMC960, Rack Layout
EXB End stage Matrix BoardCXB Center stage Matrix Board
Figure 22 LMC384 Configuration with 384 Ports
The following figure depicts the rack layout of thematrix version LMC384. Only three racks arerequired for full redundancy.
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HCSS Center Stage SubrackHESS End Stage Subrack
Figure 23 LMC384, Rack Layout
The following figures depict the subrack layout ofthe matrix family LMC960.
Figure 24 LMC960, Center Stage Subrack HCSS
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Figure 25 LMC960, End Stage Subrack HESS
Clock Distribution Boards (CDB, part of the ClockGeneration and Distribution partsystem) andSatellite Processor Boards (SPB, part of the Controlpartsystem) are shared by all units in the doublesubrack.
The center stage must be fully equippedcorresponding to the final matrix size. The Endstage Matrix Boards EXB32 with 32 ports can beadded up to the planned maximum matrix capacity.Extensions by adding more EXB32s within theLMC960 family are hitless.
The possibility of an In Service Upgrade fromLMC384 to the full LMC960 matrix is planned forfuture releases.
Both LMC960 versions support fast SNCP (FFP) atVC-12 level in 50 ms.
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Cross Connect Control System
ArchitectureThe 4/1 OMSG uses a hierarchical distributedprocessor system for control, the Controlpartsystem.
Administrative Unit (AU) Control Level
The central processor, Administrative Unit AU,hosts all application and configuration softwareand is the main processing and control elementof the4/1 OMSG. The application software comprisesthe internal Alcatel Info Model interface whichenables connection of the 4/1 OMSG to the OS-specific application software. The AU provides anon-volatile memory storage system for allsystem data.
Satellite Processor (SP) / Shelf Controller (SC)Control Level
The second stage of the Control partsystemconsists of the SPs controlling the doublesubracks of the Matrix partsystem andDedicated I/O partsystems and the SCscontrolling the Common I/O shelves.
User Board (UB) Control Level (in Matrixpartsystem and Dedicated I/O partsystems)
The third stage is the UB comprising UBProcessing Element (UBPE) with dataprocessing or UB Access Element (UBAE)without data processing
To protect the internal data communication, alllinks and processing elements are redundant.
Figure 26 illustrates the control systemarchitecture together with the system internalcommunication system.
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EC Equipment Controller SC Shelf ControllerNAU New Administrative Unit SPB Satellite Processor BoardNCC New Communication Controller UB User BoardNUTS New Utility Subrack
Figure 26 Control System Reference Architecture and Communication System
The New Administrative Unit (NAU) is the centralprocessing element of the 4/1 OMSG Controlpartsystem. All relevant data is stored in the NAU.The external interfaces to the CT, OS etc. areterminated and handled in the NAU.
The NAU computer system is based on SPARCarchitecture with Solaris as the operating system.HDisks are used for system and application data.The NAU is provided in a separate subrack in astandard industrial housing, has its own powersupply, forced cooling and overheating securitymechanism.
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The NAU is connected via a system internal LANbackbone:
Through redundant New CommunicationControllers (NCC) located in the New UtilitySubrack (NUTS) to the Matrix and DedicatedI/O double subracks containing SatelliteProcessor Boards (SPB) and User Boards (UB).
To the Shelf Controllers (SC) of the Common I/Oshelves.
The NCC handles the protocols used for thecommunication towards the NAU and SPBs.
The SPBs control and monitor the UBs of theirassociated double subrack.
The UBPEs or UBAEs are located directly on theUBs. They perform the access of the Controlpartsystem to the on-board transmission andswitching related circuitries.
The SC performs the control functions of theCommon I/O shelves. It has redundant 10BaseTinterfaces for communication with the NAU.
The EC handles the Data Communication Channels(DCC) and performs DCC routing.
Internal Communication SystemA LAN backbone is introduced in 4/1 OMSG,Release 6, as an internal communication system. Itis established with standard LAN Switches whichare managed and supervised remotely by the NAU(see Figure 27).
The LAN switches are setup from the modules
IEEE802.3 LAN ports
Switch Engine as switching unit
Management unit.
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NAU New Administrative UnitCommon I/O Generic Alcatel Common Input/OutputLAN Local Area NetworkLS LAN SwitchMgt ManagementNCC New Communication ControllerSC Shelf Controller
Figure 27 LAN Switches in the LAN Backbone
A large number of SPBs and Common I/O shelveswith their SCs can thus be connected to the NAU.
For redundancy reasons, the LAN backbone is splitinto two copies. Each copy is established withseparate and independent LAN switch devices.
With the introduction of the LAN switches, theredundancy concept is enhanced due to the fact thatboth NAUs can directly access each NCC and SCwithin the system.
Control InterfacesThe following control interfaces are available:
External communication LAN interface forconnecting the local/remote EM
V.24/V.28 interface for connecting themaintenance equipment
Q interface for control by an OS or CT
Management information via DCC with fullsupport of Intermediate System(IS)-IS and End
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System(ES)-IS routing.
Redundancy Architecture
The NAUs, the LAN switches, the SCs and theSPs are duplicated. The UB is not duplicated. Itis protected by a specific UB protection scheme.
Each SP has two communication interfaces tothe redundant NCCs. Each NCC is connected tothe LAN backbone.
Each SC has redundant LAN interfaces withthe LAN backbone.
Each UB has two communication interfaces tothe associated SPs. Each interface is connectedto a different associated SP.
Operating PrinciplesThe structure provided enables a single point offailure to occur, without loosing the capability ofaccessing an operational UB or SC from an externalinterface, e.g. OS.
The NAU computer system is composed of twoidentical NAU computers. The redundancy schemeof the NAU computers is 1:1. The run-time data isautomatically updated between both the active andthe inactive NAU computer. There is no loss of datain the case of protection switching (either manuallyor automatically).
The redundancy scheme of the two SPs in a doublesubrack configuration is 1+1.
The passive SP is operational, i.e. the applicationsoftware is loaded and the SP performs cyclic accesstests to the UBs (polling). This access is carried outto verify the accessibility of all UBs in subracks Aand B. The passive SP is not involved in the controlof the UBs in the associated double subrack. Thisprovides the possibility of taking one SP out ofservice and unplugging the SP board, while theactive SP continues to provide service for all UBs.
The redundancy of both SPBs is managedcompletely by the NAU which is responsible forautomatically selecting the active SP.
The AU-SP, AU-SC and SP-UBPE communication
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links are based on standard data transmissionprotocols which guarantee a reliable messagetransfer.
NAU and NUTS Rack and Subrack LayoutFigure 28 illustrates the layout of the NUTS and anexample of a rack face layout of a rack housingNAU and NUTS. The NUTS houses the NCCboards and also reserves slots for boards knownfrom the Small AU in previous Releases. The MCBis located here, for example.
Figure 28 NUTS Layout and NAU/NUTS Rack Layout
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Generic Alcatel Common I/O Shelf
IntroductionFlexible Generic Alcatel Common I/O shelves areintroduced in the 4/1 OMSG, Release 6. Up to 64STM-1 equivalents can be processed. It may beoperated in a mixed environment, so that DedicatedI/O partsystems of earlier 4/1 OMSG Releases andthe Common I/O shelves can be connected to thesame LMC matrix.
The Common I/O shelves implements newfunctionalities in the 4/1 OMSG, such as integratedSTM-4 ports, MS-SPRing functionality, overheadJ2-Byte handling in synchronous ports and TandemConnection Monitoring (TCM).
The following interfaces are provided:
Line Interfaces Provided via Access and PortBoards (see Figure 29)
1.5 Mbit/s * 2 Mbit/s 120 Ohm/75 Ohm
34 Mbit/s
45 Mbit/s *
140 Mbit/s *
STM-1 electrical
STM-1 optical
STM-4 optical
STM-16 optical
STM-64 optical *.
* configurations provided in a later release
System Internal Interfaces
2 x 64 GTI interfaces (bidirectional) to the LMCmatrix
2 x 2 LAN interfaces (10BaseT) for controlsystem access
1 x LAN for DCC access
2 x 2 system clock inputs
2 synchronization outputs 2 048 MHz, G.703.Interfaces Provided via General Interfaces
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and SERVICE Boards (see Figure 29)
2 x power input -48/60 V
1 GND (battery return)
Station Alarm interface
Remote Alarm interface
OH interfaces (analog, 64 kbit/s and 2 Mbit/s)
Debug interfaces.
Figure 29 Common I/O Board Position in the Shelf
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Functional ArchitectureFigure 30 illustrates a block diagram of theCommon I/O shelf with the listed interfaces. Adescription of the functions of the blocks is givenbelow.
AU Administrative Unit GTI Generic Transport InterfaceCONGI Interface Board I/O Input/OutputCRU Clock Reference Unit LAN Local Area NetworkDCC Data Communication Channel LMC Large Matrix ConfigurationEC Equipment Controller MBC Master Clock BoardECC Embedded Control Channel SC Shelf ControllerGND Ground SMX Shelf Matrix Extender
Figure 30 Interfaces and Block Diagram of the Common I/O Shelf
I/O
The I/O block contains I/O port functionality for theelectrical and optical line signals and access ports.
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The electrical line signals are connected to accessboards where they are electrically terminatedbefore they reach the I/O port boards where thetransport terminal functions, such as signalregeneration and decoding, clock recovery andadaptation functions, such as VC-4assembly/disassembly, are performed. K1/K2 bytesare filtered and passed to the network protectionfunction in the Shelf Matrix Extender (SMX) boardwhere they are evaluated and, if necessary,protection switching (MSP) is initialized.
The optical line signals are directly connected tothe I/O port boards.
Each I/O port board sends/receives 8 or 16 STM-1signals (depending on port width) to/from each SMXboard (active and stand-by).
Network Protection
Transmission, control and synchronizationfunctions are located on the SMX board.
The transmission related functions are:
MSP and Higher order Path Connection (HPC)switching functions controlled by inbandsignalling from the I/O port boards
Adaptation of the data signal, including SNCPinband signalling, between the Common I/Oformat New Generic Transport Interface (NGI,622 Mbit/s) and the format Generic TransportInterface (GTI, 155 Mbit/s) used for the transferto the LMC matrix with its correspondinginband signalling
Selection and switching between NGI signalsfor the purpose of Equipment ProtectionSwitching (EPS) of the I/O port boards andselection of the relevant NGI signals accordingto the configuration
Monitoring of GTI input signals for errors in theLMC matrix and forcing matrix protectionswitching in I/O port boards via inbandsignalling in NGI
Interface to redundant administrative units ofthe 4/1 OMSG Control partsystem
Conversion of incoming battery supply voltage(-48...60 V) to all voltages required by the SMXboard components.
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The network protection functional block receives alladapted signals from the I/O port boards andselects 64 STM-1. K1/K2 bytes are used to activatethe network protection functions (MSP switch andSNCP) and also Equipment Protection Switchingfunctions (EPS). The received DCCs are collectedand transmitted to the Equipment Controller (EC).
In transmit direction, the network protectionfunction adds to the cross-connected frames theDCCs received from the EC, the overhead bytesreceived from the SERVICE board and the K1/K2bytes and sends the frames to the respective I/Oport boards.
The clock and synchronization relatedfunctions are performed by the Clock ReferenceUnit (CRU).
The CRU receives the redundant system clocks(155 MHz with missing pulse) from the 4/1 OMSGMaster Clock Board (MCB), selects one of the clocksand generates the clock and synchronization signalsfor the Common I/O shelf.
Redundant synchronization outputs are providedvia the CONGI board interface. The clock isrecovered from SDH I/O boards or from the 2 Mbit/sinterfaces.
The control functions are performed by the ShelfController (SC) which controls all ASICs, includingthe interfaces to the redundant SMX board. Itimplements redundant LAN interfaces (10BaseT)for the communication with the central computingsystem Administration Unit (AU) of the 4/1 OMSG.
The SC supports the Physical Shelf ControlElement function. The control functionality isrelated to the Physical Machine ManagementFunction with the basic tasks:
Row alarm and performance monitoring datacollection and processing
Physical machine configuration dataprovisioning
Control of the real-time protection algorithmsfor the Common I/O shelf
Inventory data collection
Communication with EC.
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Equipment Controller (EC) (located on theEQUICO board)
As a part of the Control partsystem, the EC handlesthe Data Communication Channels (DCC) andperforms DCC routing.
Control and General Interface (CONGI)
The CONGI board, which is implemented as aninterface block, provides interfaces for
Remote alarms
Station alarms
Internal LAN.
Common I/O Shelf ArchitectureThe Common I/O shelf is able to support all types ofinterfaces ranging from 2 Mbit/s to STM-16 in aflexible way. The relevant slots may be equippedwith any type of I/O board.
The shelf is divided into the access area and theport area (see Figure 31).
Access Area
In the access area, access boards are plugged inwhich provide the physical interface for theelectrical line signals and partly for the STM-1optical line signal. In addition, two CONGI boardsand a SERVICE board are located in the middle ofthis area. In a shelf configuration handling STM-1electrical ports with 1:N equipment protection, aHigh-speed Protection (HPROT) board is requiredin the access area which is associated with theprotection I/O board in the port area.
Port Area
The port area contains the port boards whichprovide the optical line interfaces, via front access,and perform all digital signal processing. The SMXboards and the Equipment Controller boards(EQUICO) are also plugged in in this area. TheSMX boards interface the LMC960 matrix via frontaccess electrical/optical cabling.
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Figure 31 Architecture of the Common I/O Shelf
The following I/O port boards are supported by theCommon I/O shelf:
2 Mbit/s I/O port board 63x2 Mbit/s, requires 3 access boards with 21x2 Mbit/s each
34 Mbit/s I/O port board 3x34 Mbit/s, requires one 3x34 Mbit/s access board
STM-1e I/O port board 4xSTM-1e, requires one 4xSTM-1e access board
STM-1o I/O port board 4xSTM-1o, requires one 2xSTM-1o access board
STM-4 I/O port board 1xSTM-4, requires no access board
STM-16 I/O port board 1xSTM16, occupies two slots each with 8xSTM-1 capacity,requires no access board
Optical I/O port boards provide the optical lineinterface on board with the exception of the STM-1optical port.
The STM-1 optical board with its 4xSTM-1interfaces provides two of the line interfaces on theport board itself and the other two on a relatedaccess board. The relationship between the portboard and its access board is defined via thebackpanel.
The STM-16 port boards occupy two slots and canonly be fitted into dedicated positions within theshelf.
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The Common I/O shelf may provide the followingI/O capacity:
I/O Type Capacity of Common I/O Shelf Equipment Protection
max. # of I/O ports STM-1 equivalents
2 Mbit/s 378
252 *6 1:6
34 Mbit/s 42 14 1:14
STM-1 electrical 56 56 1:14
STM-1 optical 64 64 1+1
STM-4 16 64 1+1
STM-16 4 64 1+1
* with bottom access
Table 2 I/O Capacity of the Common I/O Shelf
Optical Shelf Configurations - STM-N Common AspectsThis chapter describes the shelf configurationaspects common to all STM-N optical I/O types.Special aspects of the individual I/O types andelectrical shelf configuration together withexamples for the rack layout can be found in theChapters 4.3.5 (STM-16 Optical Interface) to 4.3.11(Plesiochronous 2 Mbit/s Interface).
STM-N Optical Shelf Configurations
The 4/1 OMSG, Release 6, provides different shelfconfigurations (protected, unprotected and mixedI/O types).
Protection within Optical ShelfConfigurations
1+1 Linear MSP (single ended and dual ended) isprovided for STM-N ports (N=1, 4, 16). Theprotection pairs consist of a working port and aprotection port. Only one of the ports carries thetraffic.
The same applies for STM-16 2-fibre MS-SPRing.
A 1:4 protection is only available for STM-1o andSTM-4.
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Modifications within Optical ShelfConfigurations
If the maximum number of STM-N ports isinstalled, further extension is possible by addinganother Common I/O shelf to the system.
Reconfiguration from protected to unprotectedoperation is possible by increasing the interfacecapacity to the matrix from 32 to 64 GTI by addingextra cables.
STM-16 Optical InterfaceThe 4/1 OMSG, Release 6, provides the followingoptical STM-16 interfaces via different port boards:
STM-16 short haul inter-office interface S-16.1,complying with ITU-T Recommendation G.957
STM-16 long haul 1300 nm inter-office interfaceL-16.1, complying with ITU-T RecommendationG.957
STM-16 long haul 1550 nm inter-office interfaceL-16.2, complying with ITU-T RecommendationG.957
L.16.2 JE (joint engineering) interface
Colored laser interfaces for up to 40 differentwavelengths for direct interconnection withWavelength Division Multiplex (WDM)equipment.
Different network protection schemes (1+1) MSPsingle-ended, (1+1) MSP dual-ended, 2-fiber MS-SPRing, configurable via a Q interface, are providedfor the STM-16 ports. A mix of different protectionconfigurations on a pair of STM-16 port basis ispossible.
The STM-16 configuration supports up to fourSTM-16 I/O boards within one Common I/O shelf.One STM-16 board occupies two slots in the portarea of the shelf.
The configuration is optimized for 1+1 protection.An unprotected STM-16 configuration is alsosupported.
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Figure 32 depicts the layout for an STM-16 opticalshelf.
Figure 32 4xSTM-16 Optical Ports in a Common I/O Shelf
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STM-4 Optical InterfaceThe 4/1 OMSG, Release 6, provides the followingoptical STM-4 interfaces via different port boards:
STM-4 short haul 1300 nm inter-office interfaceS-4.1, complying with ITU-T RecommendationG.957
STM-4 long haul 1300 nm inter-office interfaceL-4.1, complying with ITU-T RecommendationG.957
STM-4 long haul 1550 nm inter-office interfaceL-4.2, complying with ITU-T RecommendationG.957
L4.2 JE (joint engineering) interface.
Different network protection schemes ((1+1) MSPsingle-ended, (1+1) MSP dual-ended and (1:4) MSPwithout extra traffic), configurable via a Qinterface, are provided for the STM-4 ports. A mixof different protection configurations on a pair ofSTM-4 port basis is possible.
Figure 33 16xSTM-4 Optical Ports in a Common I/O Shelf
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STM-1 Optical InterfaceThe 4/1 OMSG, Release 6, provides the followingoptical STM-1 port boards and related accessboards for the physical interface:
STM-1 short haul 1300 nm inter-office interfaceS-1.1, complying with ITU-T RecommendationG.957
STM-1 long haul 1300 nm inter-office interfaceL-1.1, complying with ITU-T RecommendationG.957
STM-1 long haul 1550 nm inter-office interfaceL-1.2, complying with ITU-T RecommendationG.957.
The different optical interfaces are implemented asreplaceable modules. Two of the incoming signalsare connected to the access board and two to theport board.
One port board (4xSTM-1o) together with itsrelated access board (2xSTM-1o) provides 4xSTM-1optical interfaces.
Different network protection schemes ((1+1) MSPsingle-ended, (1+1) MSP dual-ended, (1:4) MSPwithout extra traffic), configurable via a Qinterface, are provided for the STM-1o ports.
Figure 34 64xSTM-1 Optical Ports in a Common I/O Shelf
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A mix of different protection configurations withinthe same shelf on a protection pair basis is possible,whereby the 1:4 linear MSP with 4 working boardsand 1 protection board must be taken intoconsideration.
STM-1 Electrical InterfaceThe 4/1 OMSG provides electrical STM-1 interfacescomplying with ITU-T G.703.
One port board (4xSTM-1e) together with itsrelated access board (4xSTM-1e) provides 4xSTM-1electrical interfaces.
Different network protection schemes ((1+1) MSPsingle-ended, (1+1) MSP dual-ended, (1:4) MSPwithout extra traffic), configurable via a Qinterface, are provided for the STM-1e ports.
Figure 35 56xSTM-1 Electrical Ports (1:14 protected) in a Common I/O Shelf
With (1:14) equipment protection, a maximum of 56working STM-1e ports per shelf are possible. Theprotection port board needs a related HPROT boardin the access area.
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Plesiochronous 2 Mbit/s InterfaceThe 4/1 OMSG provides plesiochronous 2 Mbit/sinterfaces complying with ITU-T G.703. Balancedinterfaces (120 Ω) and unbalanced interfaces (75 Ω)are supported.
Figure 36 378x2 Mbit/s Ports in a Common I/O Shelf
There are 63x2 Mbit/s interfaces per port board.Each port board supports three related accessboards with 21x2 Mbit/s interfaces.
With (1:6) equipment protection for the port boards,a total capacity of 378x2 Mbit/s interfaces ispossible.
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Plesiochronous45 Mbit/s DS3 I/O Partsystem
The 4/1 OMSG, Release 6, also provides the sameplesiochronous 45 Mbit/s interface as Release 5.Transmit and receive electrical signals comply withBellcore GR-499-CORE (DS3) and, in part, with theETSI definition of 45 Mbit/s signals (E32) in orderto meet the 4/1 OMSG system requirements.
AU Administrative Unit IPB Internal Protection BoardCDB Clock Distribution Board MCB Master Clock BoardCONV Converter SCGL Signal Cable GroundingLabyrinthIOB45 I/O Board 45 Mbit/s SPB Satellite Processor Board
Figure 37 Block Diagram of I/O45
At present, the I/O 45 Mbit/s/DS3 partsystemprovides clear channel mapping of E32 (DS3)signals in a GTI Domestic Unit DU-3. Multiplexingof DS2 and DS1 signals is planned for futurereleases.
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One I/O 45 Mbit/s/DS3 double subrack contains amaximum of twelve working IOB45s plus two forprotection. Each IOB45 carries three 45 Mbit/s/DS3I/O ports. The minimum hardware modularity isthree ports per board.
Clock Distribution Boards CDB (part of the ClockGeneration and Distribution partsystem) andSatellite Processor Boards SPB (part of the Controlpartsystem) are shared by all units in the doublesubrack.
CDB Clock Distribution Board IPB Internal Protection BoardCONV Converter SPB Satellite Processor BoardIOB45 45 Mbit/s I/O Board
Figure 38 I/O 45 Mbit/s DS3 Double Subrack Layout
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Clock Generation and DistributionThe clock generation can be configured for theSynchronous Equipment Clock (SEC) type,complying with ITU-T Recommendation G.813 orthe Synchronization Supply Unit (SSU) typecomplying with G.812.
The SEC is the lowest SDH synchronization level.Each Network Element (NE) provides an SEC. Theinitial frequency offset in hold-over mode is lessthan 5x10-8 and the maximum frequency deviationduring the hold-over mode operation caused bytemperature variation is 2 ppm. The filterbandwidth in tracking mode is 1 Hz.
The SSU is the master synchronization source forall NEs within a node. The initial frequency offsetin the hold-over mode is less than 5x10-10. The filterbandwidth in tracking mode is 3 mHz.
TasksThe partsystem Clock Generation and Distributionperforms the following tasks:
Provisioning of several selectable referencetiming sources
Selection of one of these reference timingsources for synchronizing the clock generator forgenerating the internally required system clocks
Provisioning of external clock output selectedfrom clocks derived from STM-N signals
Provisioning of external clock output derivedfrom the system clock
Redundant distribution of the system clockwithin the equipment.
Up to four 2.048 MHz timing references aresupported. One of the four timing references isselected as the active timing reference eitherautomatically according to a priority list, ormanually. If no timing reference is available aninternal clock oscillator is used.
In addition, two external 2.048 MHz clock outputsare provided.
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e. Figure 39 Block Diagram of Master Clock Board MCB
Principle of Clock and Frame DistributionThe redundant clock generators (Master ClockBoard MCB) transmit clock signals which have thesame frequency within the system. The systemclock is modulated with the frame clock.
One of the two clock signals is designated as theactive clock, the corresponding MCB is the master,either arbitrarily or by means of the Controlpartsystem. The other MCB is the slave,synchronized by the master MCB and producingthe stand-by clock. In case of a failure in the activeclock, there is a hitless switchover to the stand-byclock and the slave MCB becomes the master.Hitless means that there is a phase jump which isshort in comparison to a clock period.
The modulated system clocks are transmitted to thefirst-stage CDBs in the Matrix double subracks.Each of the first-stage CDBs receives the clock fromone of the two MCBs and distributes it to thesecond-stage CDBs in the double subracks and tothe Clock Reference Unit (CRU) of the Common I/Oshelves. The second-stage CDBs distribute the clockto the Clock and Frame distribution Circuits (CFC)on the User Boards. CRU and CFC select one of theclocks and demodulate the frame clock.
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CIB Clock Interface Board CRU Clock Reference UnitDB Clock Distribution Board HESS Hi-cap End Stage SubrackCDBF CDF with signal adaption MCB Master Clock BoardCFC Clock and Frame distribution Circuit SMX Shelf Matrix Extender Board
Figure 40 Block Diagram of the Clock Generation and Distribution Partsystem
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Synchronization SourcesThe 4/1 OMSG terminates a maximum of fourtiming references derived from synchronizationsources and provides external control to switchreferences automatically or via a forced switchcommand.
These timing references can be
an external timing reference standard
derived from a 2 Mbit/s signal
derived from an STM-N signal.
The 2.048 MHz synchronization reference signalscomply with ITU-T Recommendation G.703.
The following criteria are used for suppression ofthe synchronization reference:
Loss of Signal
Alarm Indication Signal
Loss of Frame (STM-N only)
Excessive Bit Error Rate
Timing Deviation Criteria.
The four synchronization references are designatedwith different priorities. In case of a failed orsuppressed synchronization reference, it isautomatically switched over to the partnerreferences with the highest priority. Automaticswitching from one reference to the next maintainssynchronous operation.
If the last reference also fails, the 4/1 OMSG clockenters a hold-over mode. If failed timing referencesare restored, switch back is performedautomatically.
Manually forced control of the timing referenceselection is also provided.
The 4/1 OMSG initiates appropriate alarms andstatus reports when timing references are lost orother synchronization-related fault conditionsoccur.
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Operation ModesTracking Mode
Normally, the clock generator is in the trackingmode locked to the selected timing reference. Lowbandwidth filtering removes phase noise from theclock signal being tracked.
The actual frequency offset of such a timingreference must not exceed the pull-in range of theclock supply of 4.6x10-6 with respect to the nominalfrequency.
Short interrupts of the tracked timing reference areaccommodated without switching to another timingreference or generating an output phase transient.
Hold-Over Mode
If all timing references fail, the clock generatorenters Hold-over mode. It keeps the frequency ofthe latest timing reference being tracked within aspecified precision range.
Free-Running Mode
In case there is no timing reference available at thetime the clock generator goes into service, aninternal oscillator is used to generate the clocks.This oscillator has a frequency tolerance of ±4.6x10-
6. No adjustment of the oscillator frequency isrequired within the lifetime of the oscillator.
Under normal operating conditions, the clockgenerator is not in the free-running mode.
EquipmentPractice
The equipment practice of the 4/1 MultiServiceMetro Gateway Alcatel OptinexTM 1641 SX (4/1OMSG) has been designed in a modular structurecomplying with ETSI standard practice ETS 300119 (IEC 917). It consists of cabinets, racks,subracks and boards.
Release 5 equipment practice is supported.
RacksThe standard racks are 600 mm deep racks whichhouse Matrix, Control and Dedicated I/O
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partsystems.
Figure 41 Standard Rack Configuration (Example)
Four EMC screening top, bottom and side panelsare attached to the standard rack and two-panelmetal doors are mounted at the front and rear.Each standard rack contains up to two doublesubracks with air baffles to protect upper subracksfrom rising heat.
Common I/O racks house up to two Common I/Oshelves with air baffles. Shielding is performed on ashelf basis, no rack screening is needed.
Both types of racks are available with powerdistribution unit and cable access located at the topor at the bottom of the rack, also in a normal orearthquake compliant version.
The constituent racks of an 4/1 OMSG system aremounted side by side in rows, with side panels onlyat the end of the row and are fixed to each other by
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means of contact rails. The racks max be arrangedin two rows (earthquake protected rack) or multiplerows.
The Common I/O racks can be placed back to back,thus enabling an increased I/O density per 600 mmx 600 mm footprint compared with prior releases.
Cabling
Standard Rack CablingAll electrical signal cables from the outside into thescreened area have to be fed through the SignalCable Grounding Labyrinth (SCGL), in order toground the cable screen mesh. This is true for
Station cabling of the Dedicated I/O subracks.After passing the SCGL, the station cables areconnected to the I/O subracks by means ofmechanical adapter boards, plugged in theconnector strips on the back plane.
Matrix cabling from the Common I/O shelves.Maximum cable length is 10 m. The line signalsare Low Voltage Differential Signals (LVDS).After passing the SCGL, the matrix cables areconnected to the matrix subracks by means ofLVDS/GTI adapter boards, plugged in theconnector strips on the back plane.
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LAN cabling.The cables of the internal LAN, between NAU,NUTS and LAN Switches, are fed through theSCGL. The external LAN is connected by BNCconnectors.
The internal connections of the electrical cables canbe accessed after opening the rear door.
Optical fiber signal cables are carried through afiber guide and connected on the frontside of theoptical I/O boards. the connections can be accessedafter opening the front door.
Common I/O Rack CablingThe electrical station cables are connected directlyto the shelves via access boards, no SCGL isreqired.
Optical fiber cables are connected to the shelves viaboth, access and port boards.
Optical Inter-rack CablingWith optical inter-rack cabling, a maximumdistance of 200 m is possible between Common I/Oshelves and matrix boards, thus supporting adistributed system installation.
An optical version of the Shelf Matrix Extender(SMX) board and of the adapter boards on the LMCmatrix side is used. Optics always cover the whole64 GTI link capacity, independent of the CommonI/O shelf configuration.
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SubracksThe Release 6 related double subracks I/O45 Mbit/s/DS3 (IOS45), Matrix End Stage (HESS)and Center Stage (HCSS) consist of a single chassiswith a common backpanel and integrated air baffle.All connections between the boards are performedvia backpanel wiring, only external connections areperformed by cabling.
The New Administration Unit (NAU) and the LANSwitches are provided in a standard industrialhousing which differs from S9 equipment and, asresult, requires some adaptation effort. The NAUhas forced cooling and overheating protection.
The New Utility Subrack (NUTS) consists of asingle subrack, comprising two functional elementsin a redundant configuration.
The Common I/O shelf is divided in two areas, theaccess area in the upper part of the shelf and theport area in the lower. Both areas have the sameheight but different depth. All connections withinthe shelf are performed by backpanel wiring.
Station AlarmIt is possible to equip four alarm lamps and fouralarm contacts in one rack. The lamps are locatedat the top of each rack. The alarms are divided intoURGENT and NON-URGENT alarms.
Power Supply
Supply VoltageThe power supplies of the 4/1 OMSG have anominal input voltage of 48 V or 60 V.
In each standard double subrack, four powerconverters convert the 48 V/60 V input voltage tothe required board voltage. The power convertersform a 3:1 protecting configuration.
The power for the Common I/O shelves are suppliedvia the CONGI board interface.
The NAU has its own power supply. The LANSwitches are supplied by power inverters.
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Power DistributionFigure 42 illustrates the 48 V/60 V powerdistribution in the 4/1 OMSG standard rack.
FPE: Functional Protection Earth
Figure 42 Power Distribution and Earthing for Standard Racks
The 4/1 OMSG may be supplied by a 48 V or 60 Vsource. Each rack has one power access which islocated in the power distribution unit with thecircuit breakers at the top of the rack. Twoseparated power branches (Branch A and BranchB) supply the converters. Branch A and Branch Bmay be connected to two different 48/60 V sourcesor to a common 48/60 V source.
There are four connections to power accessinterface:
one earth connection (FPE) 25 mm2
one (+) connection (common return) 25 mm2
one (-) connection (Branch A) 25 mm2
one (-) connection (Branch B) 25 mm2.
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A pre-circuit breaker (35 ...100 A) is inserted in the48/60 V connection. Several racks may be connectedto one pre-circuit breaker.
Three power filters are located at each rack input.
The distributed power supply for the Common I/Oshelf is illustrated in Figure 43.
The Main Power Block provides filtering, protectionand delivers the power to the Common I/O boards.Each board in the port area of the Common I/Oshelf receives the power signal and exploits theinternal On Board Power Supply (OBPS) for thevoltages and currents required.
The power is also distributed to the access area forthe SERVICE board and also for optional opticalmodules.
In the access area, Vcc power is obtained throughthe OBPS function of the CONGI board and fed toevery slot for the power supply of the access boards.
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Figure 43 Power Distribution and Earthing for Common I/O Racks
EarthingAll metallic parts and the 0 V reference potentialare connected together and constitute theFunctional Protection Earth (FPE) earthingconductor.
The earthing conductor is separated from thesupply circuit. The common return is isolated andearthed only at the battery.
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Technical Data
Synchronous Interfaces
Optical STM-16 Interface
Characteristics Unit STM-16
Application code (Table 1 / G.957) S-16.1 L-16.1 L-16.2 L-16.2JE1
L-16.2
JE2 *Optical Interface Complying with ITU-T G.958
Nominal bit rate kbit/s 2 488 320
Operating wavelength range nm 1270to
1360
1280to
1335
1500to
1580
1530 to 1560
Source type SLM
Max. spectral RMS width
Max. –20 dB width
Minimum side modesuppression ratio
nm
nm
dB
-
1
30
-
1
30
-
<1
30
-
0.5
30
Mean launched power
Maximum
Minimum
dBm
dBm
0
-5
+2
-2
+2
-2
+4
+1
**
Transmitter atreference point S
Minimum extinction ratio dB 8.2
Minimum sensitivity(BER=1E-10)
dBm -18 -27 -28 -29Receiver atreference point R
Minimum overload dBm 0 -9
Optical pathS to R
Attenuation range dB 0 to 12 10 to 24 13 to 28 **
* to be used with optical amplifier on ITU-T G.652 fiber** mean launched power and power budget according to the booster used
3AL 69222 AAAA 80
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Optical STM-4 Interface
Characteristics Unit STM-16
Application code (Table 1 / G.957) S-4.1 L-4.1 L-4.2 L-4.2JE
Optical Interface Complying with ITU-T G.958
Nominal bit rate kbit/s 622 080
Operating wavelength range nm 1274to
1356
1280to
1335
1480to
1580
1530to
1560
Source type MLM SLM
Max. spectral RMS width
Max. –20 dB width
Minimum side modesuppression ratio
nm
nm
dB
2.5
-
-
-
1
30
-
<1
30
Mean launched power
Maximum
Minimum
dBm
dBm
-8
-15
+2
-3
Transmitter atreference point S
Minimum extinction ratio dB 8.2 10
Minimum sensitivity(BER=1E-10)
dBm -28 -27 -31 -32Receiver atreference point R
Minimum overload dBm -8
Optical pathS to R
Attenuation range dB 0 to 12 10 to 24 10 to 28
3AL 69222 AAAA 81
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Optical STM-1 Interface
Characteristics Unit STM-1
Application code (Table 1 / G.957) S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2
Optical Interface Complying with ITU-T G.958
Nominal bit rate kbit/s 155 520
Operating wavelength range nm 1280to
1360
1280to
1335
1480to
1580
Source type MLM SLM
Max. spectral RMS width
Max. –20 dB width
Minimum side mode suppressionratio
nm
nm
dB
7.7
-
-
4
-
-
-
1
30
Mean launched power
Maximum
Minimum
dBm
dBm
-8
-15
0
-5
Transmitter atreference point S
Minimum extinction ratio dB 8.2 10
Minimum sensitivity(BER=1E-10)
dBm -28 -34Receiver atreference point R
Minimum overload dBm -8 -10
Optical pathS to R
Attenuation range dB 0 to 12 10 to 28
Electrical STM-1 Interface
Characteristics STM-1
Nominal bit rate 155 520 kbit/s
Electrical Interface Complying with ITU-T G.703
Protocols and formats Complying with ITU-T G.709
Code CMI
Output voltage (pp) 1 0.1 V
Overvoltage protection Complying with ITU-T G.703,Annex B
Type of line Coaxial pair, 75
3AL 69222 AAAA 82
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Plesiochronous Interfaces
45 Mbit/s DS3 Interface (R5)
Characteristics 45 Mbit/s
Nominal bit rate 44 736 kbit/s
Electrical interface Complying with Bellcore GR-499-CORE or ITU-T G.703
Protocols and formats Transparent
Code HDB3
Output voltage (pp) 1 0.1 V
Overvoltage protection Complying with ITU-T G.703,Annex B
Type of line Coaxial pair, 75
3AL 69222 AAAA 83
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34 Mbit/s Interface
Characteristics 34 Mbit/s
Nominal bit rate 34 368 kbit/s
Electrical interface Complying with ITU-T G.703
Protocols and formats Transparent or complying withITU-T G.751
Code HDB3
Output voltage (pp) 1 0.1 V
Overvoltage protection Complying with ITU-T G.703,Annex B
Type of line Coaxial pair, 75
2 Mbit/s Interface
Characteristics 2 Mbit/s
Nominal bit rate 2 048 kbit/s
Electrical interface Complying with ITU-T G.703
Protocols and formats Transparent or complying withITU-T G.704
Code HDB3
Output voltage (pp) 2.37 V (75 ) or3.0 V (120 )
Overvoltage protection Complying with ITU-T G.703,Annex B
Type of line Coaxial pair, 75 orsymmetr. pair, 120
Clock InterfaceExternal timing 2.048 MHz, complying withreference signals ITU-T G.703, 75 or 120
Clock output signals 2.048 MHz, complying withITU-T G.703, 75 or 120
3AL 69222 AAAA 84
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System CapacityUp to 960 STM-1 equivalents for the LMC960.Up to 384 STM-1 equivalents for the LMC384.
Jitter and WanderThe jitter accommodation complies with ITU-TG.958, Type A. Implicitly, the jitter generated byType B line equipment is also accommodated.
The wander accommodation complies with ITU-TG.783, Figure 6-2 / G.783.
The input jitter and wander tolerance of theplesiochronous interfaces comply with ITU-T G.823.
Equipment Practice
Rack Dimensions Hight Width Depth
Standard rack 2200 x 600 x 600 mm
Common I/O rack 2200 x 600 x 300 mm
Standard double subrack 720 x 533 x 250 mm
Common I/O shelf 650 x 483 x 250 mm
Board Dimensions Height Depth
Standard board 233.35 x 210 mm
Common I/O board, port 265 x 213 mm
Common I/O board, access 265 x 88 mm
Weight
Fully equipped rack ≤350 kg
Fully equipped double subrack ≤36 kg
Fully equipped Common I/O shelf ≤42 kg
3AL 69222 AAAA 85
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Environmental Conditions
The environmental conditions comply with ETSIstandard ETS 300 019.
Storage Class 1.1
Transport Class 2.3
Operation Class 3.1
With regard to earthquake and office vibration,Bellcore standard TR_NWT_000063 Issue 5, July1993 is met for Zone 4.
Temperature
Operation +5 °C to +40 °CTransport -40 °C to +70 °CStorage -5 °C to +45 °C
Power Supply
System power dissipation ≤ 1000 W per rack
Delay TimesThe signal transfer delay from input to output doesnot exceed the following values:
Synchronous Signals Plesiochronous Signals
VC-3 30 µs 45/34 Mbit/s 40 µs
VC-12 60 µs 2 Mbit/s 110 µs
ReliabilityAvailability
The total downtime of any cross-connection throughthe 4/1 OMSG does not exceed 4 minutes per year.
Life Utility
The life utility of 4/1 OMSG exceeds 5 years.
3AL 69222 AAAA 86
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ProtectionEquipment Protection
• 1+1 for the partsystems Control, Matrix,Clock Generation and Distribution, opticalSTM-N I/O
• 1:N for the electrical I/O partsystems.
Network Protection
• SNCP
• Fast SNCP on VC-4 and VC-12 level
• Linear MSP
• Single-ended MSP without K1/K2 protocol
• Dual-ended MSP with K1/K2 protocol
• MS-SPRing for STM-16 partsystems.
Electromagnetic CompatibilityThe requirements EN55022, EN50082_1 and ETS300 386_1 1994 Table 2 are fulfilled.
Product SafetyThe 4/1 OMSG complies with IEC 950 andEN60950.The optical STM-1 interfaces do not exceed thelimits of Laser Class 1 and comply with IEC 825and EN60825.
Abbreviations
A
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
APS Automatic Protection Switching
ASIC Application Specific IC
ATM Asynchrounous Transport Module
AU Administrative Unit
AUG Administrative-Unit-Group
B
3AL 69222 AAAA 87
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BER Bit Error Rate
BIP Bit Interleaved Parity
BNC Bayonet Nut Connector
C
CAB Central Alarm Board
CDB Clock Distribution Board
CFC Clock and Frame Receive Circuit
CIB Clock Interface Box
CMI Coded Mark Inversion
CONGI Control and General Interface
CONV Converter (power)
CRU Clock Reference Unit
CT Craft Terminal
CXB Center stage Matrix Board
D
DC Data Communication
DCC DC Channel
DCN DC Network
3AL 69222 AAAA 88
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E
EC Equipment Controller
EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
EQUICO Equipment Controller board
ETSI European TelecommunicationStandardizationInstitute
F
FFP Fast Facility Protection
FPE Functional Protection Earth
FW Firmware
G
GTI Generic Transport Interface
GUI Graphical User Interface
H
HDB3 High Density Bipolar code of order 3
HDLC High level Data Link Control
HPC High-order Path Connection
HPROT High-speed Protection board
HW Hardware
I
IIC Inter-Integrated Circuit
I/O Input/Output
ISO International StandardizationOrganization
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union -Telecommunication sector
L
LAN Local Area Network
LOS Loss Of Signal
LPS Laser Protection Shutdown
LVDS Low Voltage Differential Signals
M
MS Multiplex Section
MSP MS Protection
MS4K Matrix Shelf for 4096 STM-1 equivalents
MS-SPRing MS Shared Protection for Ringconfiguration
3AL 69222 AAAA 89
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N
NAU New Administrative Unit
NE Network Element
NMS Network Management System
NPOS Network Protection Operation System
NRZ Non-Return to Zero
O
OA Optical Amplifier
OAM Operation and Maintenance
OBPS On Board Power Supply
OH Overhead
OMSG OptinexTM MultiService Gateway
4/1 OMSG OptinexTM MultiService Metro Gateway
4/4 OMSG OptinexTM MultiService Core Gateway andCross Connect
OMSN OptinexTM MultiService Node (ADM)
OS Operation System
OTI Optical Transport Interface
P
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
POH Path Overhead
Q
QECC Q-interface Embedded CommunicationChannel
R
RI Remote Inventory
3AL 69222 AAAA 90
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S
SC Shelf Controller
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SEC Synchronous Equipment Clock
SM Synchronous Multiplexer
SNC Subnetwork Connection
SNCP SNC Protection
SSU Synchronization Supply Unit
STM Synchronous Transport Module
STM-N STM level (N = 1,4,16,64)
SW Software
T
TMN Telecommunication Management Network
V
VC-4 Virtual Container of the SDH(4 is the hierarchical level)
Glossary
Common I/OCommon I/O shelves may be equipped with I/Omodules of any PDH or SDH level.
Dedicated I/ODedicated I/O subracks are specified each for acertain PDH or SDH level. Dedicated I/O subracks,except the 45 Mbit/s/DS3 I/O subrack, are parts offormer Releases.
End StageThe End Stage (ES) comprises the Input Stage (IS)and the Output Stage (OS) of the 4/1 OMSG LMCmatrices.
GroomingAggregation of traffic flows from different sourcesdirected towards a common destination.
HitlessNo bit error will occur on the traffic.
In Service Upgrade
3AL 69222 AAAA 91
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Procedure of installing added or changed HW or SWparts in an existing system while traffic is runningthrough the system.
I/O upgradeInstallation of additional I/O levels or capacity inthe system.
Matrix upgradeChangement of the matrix center stage to achieveanother matrix family with a greater cross-connecting capacity.
Receive directionSignal flow from the line interface through the I/Oport board to the 4/1 OMSG LMC matrix.
STM-1 equivalentMatrix capacity of switchable ports regardless ofthe actual I/O level configuration of the CrossConnect system.
System extensionInstallation of additional I/O ports and end stagematrix modules.
System upgradeAdding of features to an existing configuration byinstalling a new release.
Traffic interruptionTraffic hit which lasts longer than 2 seconds.
Transmit directionSignal flow from the 4/1 OMSG LMC matrixthrough the I/O port board to the outgoing line.
Transport networkEntire set of transmission systems installed andrun by an operator for transmitting informationflows.
3AL 69222 AAAA 92
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Related DocumentsITU-T Recommendation G.703 Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital
interfaces
ITU-T Recommendation G.704 Synchronous frame structures used at primary andsecondary hierarchical levels
ITU-T Recommendation G.707 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy bit rates
ITU-T Recommendation G.751 Digital multiplex equipment operating at the third order bitrate of 34 368 kbit/s and the fourth order bit rate of 139246 kbit/s and using positive justification
ITU-T Recommendation G.783 Characteristics of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)multiplexing equipment
ITU-T Recommendation G.812T Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use asNode Clocks in Synchronization Networks (Transit Node)
ITU-T Recommendation G.813 Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SEC)
ITU-T Recommendation G.823 The control of jitter and wander within digital networkswhich are based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy
ITU-T Recommendation G.826Edition 08/96
Error performance parameters and objectives forinternational constant bit rate digital paths at or above theprimary rate
ITU-T Recommendation G.841 Types and characteristics of SDH network protectionarchitectures
ITU-T Recommendation G.957 Optical interfaces for equipment and systems relating tothe Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
ITU-T Recommendation G.958 Digital line system based on Synchronous Digital Hierarchyfor use on optical fibre cable
ITU-T Recommendation M.3010 Principles for a Telecommunications Management Network
ETSI ETS 300 019 Environmental conditions and environmental test fortelecommunication equipment
ETSI ETS 300 119 Engineering requirements for racks and cabinets
ETSI ETS 300 132-2 Power supply interface at the input to thetelecommunications equipment
ETSI ETS 300 147 SDH multiplexing structure
ETSI ETS 300 386-1 Public telecommunication network equipment Electro-magnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements; Product familyoverview, compliance criteria and test levels
IEC-Standards Safety of laser products, EMC-topics
Bellcore GR-499-CORE DS3
Bellcore TR-NWT-000063 Issue 5, July 93
Bellcore TR-TSY-000233 Wideband and Broadband Digital Cross Connect Systems,Generic Requirements and Objectives, Issue 2, September1989
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