ALBUM OF TYPE STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS€¦ · GOST 22245-90 Viscous petroleum road bitumens. Technical Specifications GOST 18659-81 Cationic road bituminous emulsions. Technical Specifications

ALBUM OF TYPE

STRUCTURAL

SOLUTIONS

FOR THE USE OF GEOSYNTHETICS MANUFACTURED BY

ULTRASTAB LLC, FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION

EDITION 1

MOSCOW, 2015

Introduction

Scope of application

Regulatory references

Terms and definitions

Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb

Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT geoweb

Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb

Application of the ULTRASTAB materials for reinforcing the road pavement and broadening the motor road

Particular features of the standard operating procedures for reinforcing asphalt concrete pads using the ULTRANIT ASPHALT

geowebs

Embankments with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb

Standard operating procedures for earth works using the ULTRANIT geowebs

Combined use of the ULTRANIT geoweb and the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

Process diagram of arrangement of the load frame made of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric and the ULTRANIT geoweb is used

for bogs of category II

Use of the ULTRANIT geoweb when constructing railway embankments

Embankments with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

Standard operating procedures for earth works with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

Reinforced ground works (supporting walls)

Slopes with the use of the ULTRANIT 3D

Particular features of the standard operating procedures for reinforcing slopes using the ULTRANIT 3D geowebs

Safety precautions when performing works

Environmental protection

Literature reference

3

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

16

18

34

35

45

46

50

61

62

68

74

76

77

78

Contents

• The ULTRANIT geoweb is a polyester geoweb for reinforcing the road

structure foundations between interlayers of inert materials. (STO

46487778-002-2015 “Woven polyester geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark).

It is used for road structures and for weak foundations as a reinforcing

interlayer, providing general stability of the embankment, it prevents

penetration of breakstone material into the lower layer of sandy soil, which

provides a stable thickness of inert materials that allows to avoid formation

of various defects of the road (cracks, potholes, blowups, track runs) and

by this extending the operation life and reducing costs for this motor road

maintenance.

• The ULTRANIT geoweb is a polyester geoweb with nonwoven pad of

polypropylene or polyester (Dornit type). (STO 46487778-002-2015

“Woven polyester geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark). The main

particularities of this material are: possibility of application as a reinforcing

and drainage interlayer, which shall remove excessive moisture from the

structure of road layers, perform a function of reinforcing the foundation.

Permeability level and water filtration factor in a road structure depend on

the thickness of the nonwoven pad (100 g/m2, 400 g/m2, 800 g/m2, etc.).

• • The ULTRANIT 3D geoweb is a woven polyester 3D geoweb for

reinforcement of slopes and embankments, for protection of coasts of

rivers and ponds, performs the functions of reinforcing, draining, for the

period of the vegetable layer development in slope parts of embankments

and cuts, as well as increases their stability to wind and water erosions,

and suffusion processes. (STO 46487778-002-2015 “Woven polyester

geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark”).

3

Introduction

The present Album comprises structural solutions for a possibility to use

geosynthetics manufactured by ULTRASTAB LLC, in accordance with

design solutions when constructing, reconstructing and repairing motor

roads, railway tracks, urban streets, aerodromes, passages, sites and

landfills.

The use of geosynthetics in severe weather or soil and hydrological

conditions can be more essential in the context of operability and transport

operating reliability of the structure, than obtaining a one-time cost saving.

Domestic and foreign experience of the use of geosynthetics shows their

multipurpose usefulness (large field for application), economical efficiency

(reduction of costs for construction and operation, economy of

construction materials, reduction of terms for work performance, increase

of inter-maintenance periods), environmental friendliness.

All solutions related to the use of geosynthetics shall be based on the

design solutions developed considering the appropriate documents.

Scope of application

Geosynthetics manufactured by ULTRASTAB LLC and their intended

purpose:

• The ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb is a polyester geoweb for

reinforcing and crack stopping in asphalt concrete pavements, with

nonwoven pad burning under influence of high temperatures from

asphalt concrete, and provides the improved adhesion between the

road pavement layers. (STO 46487778-002-2015 “Woven polyester

geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark”). It performs the function of

reinforcing and is used in asphalt concrete layers for the road

pavement, in order to improve transport operating performance of the

road, to extend its service life, to extend the process of various defects

occurrence on the pavement (cracks, potholes, tracing ruts, etc).

The ULTRASTAB woven geofabric is a woven high resistant geotextile

(geofabric) up to 1600 kN/m made of polyester. (STO 46487778-001-

20151 “Woven polyester geofabric of ULTRASTAB trademark”). It is

resistant to ultraviolet radication, water permeable, has a long-term

stability to biologic, chemical and physical impact. It is used for

reinforcement and separation in road, hydrotechnical construction, in

construction of pipelines, temporary roads, access routes, warehouse

sites and complexes, waste storages. When placed between the soil and

the filler, the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric is intended to increase the

carrying capability of the foundation and stability of the whole embankment

in general. When constructing earth support structures, the ULTRASTAB

woven geofabric significantly facilitates the erection of embankments on

weak foundations.

These materials are developed for use in the following types of

construction works:

• Construction of embankments on weak foundations (clay soil, bogs of

all types, high humidity soils, waterlogged peats and in permafrost

conditions)

• Construction of motor roads of various categories

• Construction of railways

• Construction of bridges, tunnels

• Construction of dikes and dams

• Construction of architectural and landscape impoundments

• Construction of aerodromes (runways, taxiways and parking areas)

• Construction of high load sites

• Reinforcement of slopes (anti-erosion protection)

• Greening and reinforcing the surface of slopes for reinforced ground

retaining walls

Regulatory documents to the following standards are used in the

present album:

GOST 12.0.004-90 SSBT Organization of training for safety and health at

work GOST 12.1.044-89 Fire and explosion hazard of substances and

materials

GOST 25100-95 Soils. Classification

GOST 8267-93 Crushed stone and gravel of solid rocks for construction

works GOST 3344-83 Slag crushed stone and slag sand for road

construction

GOST 23558-94 Crushed stone-gravel-sandy mixtures, and soils treated by

inorganic binders for road and airfield construction. Technical Specifications

GOST 12801-98 Materials on the basis of organic binders for road and

airfield construction. Test methods

GOST 22245-90 Viscous petroleum road bitumens. Technical

Specifications

GOST 18659-81 Cationic road bituminous emulsions. Technical

Specifications

GOST 9128-97 Asphaltic concrete mixtures for roads, aerodromes and

asphaltic concrete

GOST 30412-96 Automobile roads and airfields. Unevenness measurement

methods for base courses and pavements

GOST R 55028-2012 Automobile roads of general use. Geosynthetics for

road construction. Classification, terms and definitions

GOST R 55029-2012 Automobile roads of general use. Geosynthetics for

reinforcement of asphalt concrete layers of road pavement. Technical

requirements

Regulatory

references

The following terms and definitions are used the present album.

Motor road: engineering facility designed for movement of vehicles. The

main components are as follows: earth bed, road pavement, driveway,

roadsides, engineering and linear structures, and all types of environment.

Embankment base: underlying natural soil with undisturbed structure on

which earth bed is arranged.

Road pavement: multilayer structure within the driveway of motor road

bearing the load from a vehicle and transferring it to the soil.

Road covering: the upper part of the road pavement bearing the wheels

forces from vehicles and subjected to a direct impact of atmospheric factors.

Roadside: sideway of the earth bed on both sides between its edge and the

driveway edge, designed for protecting the road pavement edges against

destruction, for involuntary stop of a vehicle in case of failure, for arrangement

of stopping bands, barriers, warning lights and other means providing traffic

safety. Roadsides can be rough (soil) and reinforced with asphalt concrete or

cement concrete, local materials (breakstone, gravel, slag) or grass seeding.

The roadside width is regulated depending on the road category.

Earth bed: structure designed for arranging structural layers of the road

pavement and other road components. It is erected of loose and imported

soils with provision of stability of the earth bed, its roadsides, slopes and

natural underlaying soils. The earth bed comprises water drain facilities:

ditches, dikes, pits, drainage facilities, etc.

Embankment: engineering earth facility arranged of natural and (or)

manmade soils, within which the whole surface of earth bed is located above

the ground level.

Slope part: part of the embankment located between the slope surface and

vertical plane, passing through the edge of the earth bed; for the cut - a part

of soil body located from the side of earth bed and limited with vertical plane

passing through the cut edge.

Supplementary layers of the foundations (frost protection, heat

insulation, drainage) are: Layers between the foundation and the top of the

earth bed working layer providing frost protection and drainage of the road

pavement in the upper part.

of the earth pad.

Geosynthetics (GS): class of construction materials, which are as a rule,

synthetic, and made of other raw materials, supplied in a compact fold form

(rolls, blocks, plates, etc.), designed for creation of supplementary layers

(interlayers) of various purpose (reinforcing, draining, protective, filtering,

waterproof, heat insulating) in construction.

The upper part of the earth bed (working layer): Part of the earth bed

located within the earth bed from the bottom of the road pavement at 2/3 of

frost depth, but of 1.5 m as minimum from the surface of the driveway

covering.

Soft soils: cohesive soils with shear strength of 0.075 MPa as minimum in

natural occurrence conditions (when testing using a rotary cutting device) or

sagging modulus over 50 mm/m with load of 0.25 MPa (deformation modulus

less than 5 MPa). If these tests are not performed, the soft soils shall

comprise: peat and peaty soils, silts, sapropels, clay soils with consistency

index over 0.5, postglacial clay sediments, salt flat soils.

Geowebs: roll cell material consisting of high resistant yarns interlaced at a

straight angle, covered with a protective layer, with the same cell size.

Geofabric – flat water permeable polymer (synthetic or natural) textiles,

nonwoven, woven or bound, used in geotechnical engineering or other

construction fields, in contact with soil and/or other construction materials.

Geotextile term combines two large groups of geosynthetics - nonwoven

geotextile fabric and geofabrics.

Woven geofabric (geotextile): textile manufactured using interlacing (as a rule

at a straight angle) of two or more fibers of yarns.

Bog categories:

I. category – filled with swamps the durability of which in natural state provides

a possibility to erect the embankment with height up to 3 m without process of

soil lateral extrusion;

II. category – containing within the bog depth at least one layer which can be

extruded with certain intensity of the embankment erection with height up to

3 m, but not extruded with lower intensity of the embankment erection;

III. category – containing within the bog depth at least one layer which is

extruded when erecting the embankment up to 3 m regardless the intensity of

the embankment erection.

Terms and definitions

Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb

The ULTRANIT ASPHALT is a polyester geoweb manufactured by ULTRASTAB LLC (STO 46487778-002-2015 “Woven polyester

geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark”). For reinforcing and crack stopping in asphalt concrete pavements.

The main strength and deformation properties are given in the Table of physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT

ASPHALT material

Manufacturer gives a warranty for the compliance of the manufactured products with the requirements of the Corporate

standard STO 46487778-002-2015 “Woven polyester geoweb of Ultranit trademark” if transportation and storage

conditions are observed. The geoweb shall comply with the requirements of STO 46487778-002-2015 “Woven polyester

geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark”. Incoming inspection of physical and mechanical performance of the geoweb shall be

performed in accordance with the procedures specified in STO.

Name

Parameters

Ra

w m

ate

ria

ls

Po

lym

er

co

ati

ng

Su

rfa

ce

den

sit

y,

g/m

2

Tensile strength in longitudinal direction / in transversal direction,

kN/m

Ce

ll s

ize

, m

m

Specific elongation at maximal load in

longitudinal direction / in transversal direction, %

Co

rro

sio

n r

es

ista

nce

, %

Re

pe

ate

d f

ree

ze

-th

aw

sta

bil

ity

(fro

st

res

ista

nc

e),

%, a

s

min

imu

m

Re

sis

tan

ce

to

me

ch

an

ica

l

da

ma

ge

, w

ith

cy

clic

lo

ad

s, %

, a

s

min

imu

m

Re

sis

tan

ce

to

wea

the

r ex

po

su

re,

%,

as

min

imu

m

Standard dimensions

of rolls

Win

din

g, m

Wid

th,

m

1. ULTRANIT ASPHALT 35/35-35

Po

lyeste

r (P

ET

)

Po

lym

er-

bitum

en

im

pre

gna

tion

270 35/35 35x35 12(±3)/12(±3)

90

90

95

90

50

– 3

00

5.2

2. ULTRANIT ASPHALT 40/40-40 300 40/40 40x40 12(±3)/12(±3)








* Manufacturer is not responsible for modification of the material properties due to environmental impact and/or its incorrect implementation in designs. ** By individual requirements of the customer, the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb can be manufactured with various physical and mechanical parameters.

Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT geoweb

The ULTRANIT is a polyester geoweb manufactured by ULTRASTAB LLC (STO 46487778-001-20151 “Woven polyester

geofabric of ULTRASTAB trademark”). For reinforcing (strengthening) the road pavement and separating contact layers.

The main strength and deformation properties are given in the Table of physical and mechanical performance of the

Ultranit material

Name

Parameters

Raw

ma

teri

als

Po

lym

er

co

ati

ng

Su

rfa

ce

den

sit

y,

g/m

2

Tensile strength in longitudinal direction / in transversal

direction, kN/m Cell

siz

e,

mm

Tensile strength Specific elongation at

maximal load in longitudinal direction / in transversal direction, %

Co

rro

sio

n r

es

ista

nce

, %

Rep

ea

ted

fre

eze

-th

aw

sta

bil

ity

(fro

st

res

ista

nc

e),

%, a

s

min

imu

m

Res

ista

nc

e t

o m

ech

an

ica

l

da

ma

ge

, w

ith

cy

clic

lo

ad

s,

%,

as

min

imu

m

Res

ista

nc

e t

o w

ea

the

r ex

po

su

re,

%,

as

min

imu

m

Standard dimensions

of rolls

2%

,

lon

git

ud

ina

l/

tran

sv

ers

al,

kN

/m

5%

,

lon

git

ud

ina

l/

tran

sv

ers

al,

kN

/m

Win

din

g, m

Wid

th,

m

1 ULTRANIT 35/35-30

Po

lyeste

r (P

ET

)

Po

lyvin

yl ch

lori

de

(P

VC

)

270 35/35 30x30 7/7 10/10 12(±3)/12(±3)

90

90

95

90

50

– 3

00

5.2

2 ULTRANIT 40/40-35 350 40/40 35x35 9/9 13/13 12(±3)/12(±3)

3 ULTRANIT 50/50-20 400 50/50 20x20 9/9 20/20 12(±3)/12(±3)

4 ULTRANIT 50/50-40 400 50/50 40x40 9/9 20/20 12(±3)/12(±3)

5 ULTRANIT 50/50-50 400 50/50 50x50 9/9 20/20 12(±3)/12(±3)

6 ULTRANIT 50/30-20 410 50/30 20x20 9/9 20/8 12(±3)/12(±3)

7 ULTRANIT 60/60-40 540 60/60 40x40 10/10 22/22 12(±3)/12(±3)

8 ULTRANIT 80/30-20 470 80/30 20x20 14/14 26/9 12(±3)/12(±3)

9 ULTRANIT 80/80-30 530 80/80 30x30 16/5 26/26 12(±3)/12(±3)

10 ULTRANIT 100/100-20 650 100/100 20x20 18/18 30/30 12(±3)/12(±3)

11 ULTRANIT 110/30-20 500 110/30 20x20 22/5 33/9 12(±3)/12(±3)

12 ULTRANIT 150/30-30 650 150/30 30x30 27/5 50/9 12(±3)/12(±3)

13 ULTRANIT 200/200-50 700 200/200 50x50 35/35 55/55 12(±3)/12(±3)

* Manufacturer is not responsible for modification of the material properties due to environmental impact and/or its incorrect implementation in designs. ** By individual requirements of the customer, the ULTRANIT geoweb can be manufactured with various physical and mechanical parameters.

Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRASTAB trademark woven polyester geofabric

The ULTRASTAB woven geofabric is a woven geotextile (geofabric) made of polyester, manufactured by ULTRASTAB LLC (STO 46487778-

001-2015 “woven polyester geofabric of ULTRASTAB trademark”). For reinforcement and separation in road, hydrotechnical construction, in

construction of pipelines, temporary roads, access routes, warehouse sites and complexes, waste storages. When placed between the soil

and the filler, the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric is intended to increase the carrying capability of the foundation and stability of the whole

embankment in general. The main strength and deformation properties are given in the Table of physical and mechanical performance of the

ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

Name

Parameters

Raw

mate

rials

Su

rface d

en

sit

y, g

/m2

Tensile strength in longitudinal direction/in

transversal direction, kN/m

Tensile strength with 6% elongation (longitudinal

direction), kN/m


longitudinal direction/in transversal direction, %

Corrosion resistance, pH

Creep flow (elongation in

2 years at 50% load), %

Resis

tan

ce t

o u

ltra

vio

let

rad

iati

on

, %

Standard dimensions of rolls

Win

din

g, m

Wid

th, m

1 ULTRASTAB 40/40

Poly

este

r (P

ET

)

160 40/40 25 ≤10/≤18

2.0

–9.5

1

resis

tant

50 –

300

5.2

2 ULTRASTAB 80/80 320 80/80 50 ≤10/≤18

3 ULTRASTAB 100/50 230 100/50 60 ≤10/≤18

4 ULTRASTAB 100/100 350 100/100 60 ≤10/≤18

5 ULTRASTAB 150/50 350 150/50 75 ≤10/≤18

6 ULTRASTAB 150/150 500 150/150 75 ≤10/≤18

7 ULTRASTAB 200/50 430 200/50 100 ≤10/≤18

8 ULTRASTAB 200/200 680 200/200 100 ≤10/≤18

9 ULTRASTAB 300/50 550 300/50 100 ≤10/≤18

50 –

200

10 ULTRASTAB 300/100 680 300/100 150 ≤10/≤18

11 ULTRASTAB 400/50 830 400/50 200 ≤10/≤18

12 ULTRASTAB 400/100 900 400/100 200 ≤10/≤18

13 ULTRASTAB 600/50 1150 600/50 300 ≤10/≤18

14 ULTRASTAB 600/100 1230 600/100 300 ≤10/≤18

15 ULTRASTAB 800/50 1350 800/50 400 ≤10/≤18

16 ULTRASTAB 800/100 1450 800/100 400 ≤10/≤18

17 ULTRASTAB 1000/50 1700 1000/50 500 ≤10/≤18

18 ULTRASTAB 1000/100 1800 1000/100 500 ≤10/≤18

19 ULTRASTAB 1200/100 2350 1200/100 600 ≤10/≤18

20 ULTRASTAB 1600/100 2750 1600/100 800 ≤10/≤18

* Manufacturer is not responsible for modification of the material properties due to environmental impact and/or its incorrect implementation in designs. ** By individual requirements of the customer, the ULTRASTAB geofabric can be manufactured with various physical and mechanical parameters.

Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb

The ULTRANIT 3D is a polyester geoweb manufactured by ULTRASTAB LLC. For anti-erosion protection, reinforcement of

embankment slopes, serves as a temporary or permanent elements performing, first of all, the protective function: of the

covering of slope extending or preventing its erosion under water and wind action; of the reinforcement increasing stability

of soils of the slope surface area; of the filter preventing removal of particles with ground water. The main strength and

deformation properties are given in the Table of physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT 3D material

Name

Parameters

Raw

ma

teri

als

Po

lym

er

co

ati

ng

Su

rfa

ce

den

sit

y,

g/m

2

Tensile strength in longitudinal direction /

in transversal direction, kN/m

Cell

siz

e,

mm


longitudinal direction / in transversal direction,

%

Co

rro

sio

n r

es

ista

nce

, %

Rep

ea

ted

fre

eze

-th

aw

sta

bil

ity

(fro

st

res

ista

nc

e),

%, a

s

min

imu

m

Res

ista

nc

e t

o m

ech

an

ica

l

da

ma

ge

, w

ith

cy

clic

lo

ad

s, %

, a

s

min

imu

m

Res

ista

nc

e t

o w

ea

the

r ex

po

su

re,

%,

as

min

imu

m

Standard dimensions

of rolls

Win

din

g, m

Wid

th,

m

1 ULTRANIT 3D – 20

Po

lyeste

r (P

ET

)

Po

lyvin

yl ch

lori

de

(P

VC

)

200 20 20x6 12(±3)/12(±3)

90

90

95

90

50

– 3

00

5.2

2 ULTRANIT 3D – 30 300 30 20x6 12(±3)/12(±3)

3 ULTRANIT 3D – 35 350 35 20x6 12(±3)/12(±3)

4 ULTRANIT 3D – 40 400 40 20x15 12(±3)/12(±3)

5 ULTRANIT 3D – 50 430 50 20x15 12(±3)/12(±3)

6 ULTRANIT 3D – 60 450 60 30x15 12(±3)/12(±3)

7 ULTRANIT 3D – 90 550 90 30x15 12(±3)/12(±3)

8 ULTRANIT 3D – 120 620 120 30x15 12(±3)/12(±3)

* Manufacturer is not responsible for modification of the material properties due to environmental impact and/or its incorrect implementation in designs. ** By individual requirements of the customer, the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb can be manufactured with various physical and mechanical parameters.

Application of the ULTRASTAB materials for reinforcing the road pavement and broadening the motor road

Road pavement with the use of the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb

for roads of technical category II

Grass seeding in the layer of vegetable soil

Upper layer of asphalt concrete covering ULTRANIT

ASPHALT geowebLower layer of asphalt concrete

covering foundation of road pavement

Supplementary layer of foundation

Soil of the earth pad

Broadening the earth pad and the driveway on both sides

with combined use of the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb, the ULTRANIT geoweb

Upper layer of fine grain asphalt concrete

Lower layer of fine grain asphalt concrete

Black breakstone

ULTRANIT ASF geoweb

Fractioned breakstone


ULTRANIT geoweb


ULTRANIT geoweb


ULTRANIT geoweb


ULTRANIT geoweb

Earth foundation

Road pavement of permanent type with the use of

the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb

Upper layer of asphalt concrete covering

Lower layer of asphalt concrete covering

ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb

Flattening layer of asphalt concrete

covering Breakstone-sand-cement mix

Process interlayer

Soil of the earth pad (fine sand)

Reinforcing roadsides using fractioned breakstone

Grass seeding in the layer of vegetable soil

Road pavement of permanent type with the use of the ULTRANIT

ASPHALT geoweb and the ULTRANIT geocomposite (with

nonwoven pad)

Tra

ffic

str

ip a

xis


Existing road pavement

ULTRANIT geoweb

Flattening layer


ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb with nonwoven pad



Lower layer of asphalt concrete covering

Flattening asphalt concrete layer

Foundation of road pavement (breakstone, gravel)

Existing structure of the road pavement broadening

Grass seeding in the fertile soil layer

ground water level

Road pavement with the use of the ULTRANIT ASPHALT and

the ULTRANIT geowebs

ULTRANIT geoweb

Process interlayer

Foundation of road pavement

Asphalt concrete pavement



Flattening layer of asphalt concrete covering




Soil of the earth

pad

Particular features of the standard operating procedures for reinforcing asphalt

concrete pads using the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geowebs

General Provisions

Reinforcement of asphalt concrete using the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geowebs makes no significant modifications to the standard operating procedures

(only operations on arrangement of the material interlayer are introduced). The accepted length of a work grip does not depend on the availability of a

geoweb, but it is preferable to observe the rate of the work grip length to the length of material per roll.

Preparatory works

Prior to laying the geoweb, it is required to perform works on filling potholes, pockets, cracks, etc. The lower layer surface shall be dried, cleared out from

dust and dirt, and redried. Flatness of the lower layer surface shall comply with the applicable requirements. It is recommended to transport the geoweb

rolls to the work site directly prior to the laying, distribute them by the length of work grip at the distance equal to the length of material per roll. Prior to

perform works on laying, the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb shall be in its original package. It is prohibited to subject the rolls with torn package to the

sunlight. Bitumen as well as bitumen emulsion can be used as a binding agent for the tack coat. Bitumen flow rate is determined according to the standard

application value - from 0.5 up to 0.8 l/m2, emulsion flow rate is determined according to the standard application value - from 0.6 up to 1.1 l/m2. Standard

values and number of applications shall be clarified for specific work conditions. Tack coat of asphalt concrete covering shall be performed in any case

(even if laying of the lower and the upper layers is performed in parallel). Width of application shall be 10-15 cm greater than the geoweb width. The

geoweb shall be delivered to the site in parallel with performance of preparatory works in the scope required for execution of the shift works scope.

Laying the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb

The geoweb laying shall begin from the package removal. The geoweb is laid with a light tension, with a setback of 0.1 m as minimum from the edge,

without distortions, with overlapping of fabrics in transversal and longitudinal directions of 0.10 - 0.15 m as minimum. The roll shall be performed after

supplementary fastening of the geoweb end part, using expansion bolts choked into the foundation through metallic washers using a plug-driving gun or a

hammer, each 1.0-1.3 m in width (sometimes power staplers are used for fixing the web in units using metallic staples). This operation allows to give a

tension to the geoweb when unwinding the roll.

Road pavement of permanent type with the use of

the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb and the ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb (with nonwoven pad)

The geoweb fastening in longitudinal direction shall be performed with a pitch of 3.0-5.0 m, and in transversal direction with a pitch of 1.0-1.3 m;

In case of displacement of the geoweb which results in wave formation, it is recommended to perform the following process operations:

•throwing the asphalt concrete mix manually or mechanically (using a sand spreader) in a layer of breakstone along the whole surface, and honing with a

combined (air driven) roller in 2-3 passes;

•reduce the geoweb fastening pitch in longitudinal direction.

Local reinforcing

For local reinforcing, geofabrics with width of 1.0 m as minimum are used above transversal and longitudinal seams of the old fracture-blocked foundation.

At this it is necessary to pay specific attention to two issues: firstly, accurate location of transversal seams shall be marked prior to laying of the flattening

layer using pins, pegs, etc., installing these marks on both sides at the edge of the foundation; secondly, the geoweb stripes shall be supplementary fixed

using expansion bolts, nails or staples. Necessity of supplementary fixing of the geofabrics to the layer of asphalt concrete shall be determined for each

specific case.

Work

type

Pro

ce

ss o

rde

r o

f co

nstr

uctio

n p

roce

du

re

I.Foundation preparation

II.Laying a bed of the Ultranit 3D

geoweb in parallel with the road

axis

III. Transportation of asphalt-concrete

IV.Laying asphalt-concrete

V.Compaction

Embankments with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb

Road pavement of transient and inferior types

with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb

Covering of inferior or transient type

ULTRANIT geoweb

Soil of the embankment mass

Temporary access route


Soft soils (peats, sandy loams, loams)

ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb with a pad

Soil of the embankment mass (sand and gravel mix, sand)

Embankment in permafrost soils


Road covering


ULTRANIT geoweb

Limits of permafrost after the embankment erection

Limits of permafrost prior to the embankment erection

Embankment with arrangement of thermal insulation layer in

permafrost area with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb

Road covering


Thermal insulation material

ULTRANIT geoweb



Embankment of height up to 6 m of high humidity soils on a

solid foundation with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb

Transient layer

ULTRANIT geoweb

High humidity soil

ULTRANIT geoweb

Earth foundation

Embankment of height from 6 to 12 m of high humidity soils

on a solid foundation with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb

Road covering

Transient layer

ULTRANIT geoweb

High humidity soil

ULTRANIT geoweb

High humidity soil

ULTRANIT geoweb

High humidity soil

ULTRANIT geoweb

Earth foundation

Embankment on a weak foundation with arrangement of a

flexible grid

made of the ULTRANIT geoweb

Pile

Road covering


Rocky soil

ULTRANIT geoweb

Rocky soil

ULTRANIT geoweb

Rocky soil

ULTRANIT geoweb

Pile field of rigid in-situ or bore piles

Earth foundation

Embankments on waterlogged soils

with the use of the ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb (with

nonwoven pad)

Road covering

Soil of the embankment mass (sand and gravel mix, sand)


Soft soils (peats, sands)

Use of the ULTRANIT geocomposite (with nonwoven pad)

in the embankment with a high level of ground water

Road covering



Backfilled soil (sand)


Ditch Max. GWL

GWL

Ice crossing reinforced

with the ULTRANIT geoweb

Compacted snow layer

Artificially frozen ice layer

ULTRANIT geoweb

Natural ice covering

Water

Water basin bottom

Snow

bank

Snow

bank

Road pavement for process and permanent roads

with the use of pavement slabs and the ULTRANIT

geoweb

Road pavement for temporary and process roads


Reinforced concrete slab (road, aerodrome)

Granite fractioned breakstone (fractions of 40-

70 mm) ULTRANIT geoweb

Fine or medium grain sand

Earth foundation

Granite fractioned breakstone (fractions of 40-70 mm)

ULTRANIT geoweb


Earth foundation

Road side of motor roads of category I, II with a

stopping band,


Road pavement of light type


Dense asphalt concrete mix

Breakstone-gravel-sand mix, breakstone, slag

ULTRANIT geoweb

Sand layer

Earth foundation


Breakstone sand mix (breakstone, slag)

ULTRANIT geoweb


Earth foundation

Unsolid road pavement of permanent type

with asphalt concrete covering

and the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb

Solid road pavement of permanent type

with cement concrete covering

and the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb


Lower layer of large grain asphalt concrete


ULTRANIT geoweb

Sand layer

Earth foundation

Cement concrete pavement

Flattening layer


ULTRANIT geoweb

Sand layer

Earth foundation

Roadside of motor roads of category I, II without

stopping band


Roadside of motor roads of category I, II without

stopping band


Breakstone-gravel-sand mix, breakstone, slag

Embankment soil

ULTRANIT geoweb

Sand layer

Breakstone, breakstone-gravel-sand mix, slag, mud

ULTRANIT geoweb

Sand layer

Embankment soil

Structure of the road pavement for sites and parkings for high load sites




Granite breakstone with fraction of 40-70 mm

ULTRANIT geoweb


Earth foundation

Standard operating procedures for earth works using the ULTRANIT geowebs

When backfilling the embankment with the use of the geoweb interlayers, the type diagram of standard operating procedures shall be completed with the

following operations: geoweb transportation to the works site, distribution of rolls on the site, their laying, fastening and, if necessary, interconnection of

fabrics.

The geoweb rolls shall be transported to the manufacturing works site directly prior to laying and distributed by the site length in a distance corresponding to

the fabric length per roll (for the purpose of hand labor reduction). The ULTRANIT geoweb overlapping on the top of the frame shall be 0.5 m as minimum.

The geoweb shall be cut into fabrics of the required length in compliance with the laying diagram approved by the design solutions.

Process diagram of arrangement of the ULTRANIT geoweb beds in one layer:

Process diagram of arrangement of the ULTRANIT geoweb beds in two

layers:

Work

type

Work

type

I. Foundation preparation II. Laying the ULTRANIT geoweb

III. Soil transportation IV.Soil spreading V. Compaction

Pro

cess o

rde

r o

f

co

nstr

uction

pro

ce

dure

Pro

cess o

rde

r o

f

co

nstr

uction

pro

ce

dure

I. Foundation preparation II. Laying the ULTRANIT geowebs in parallel to the road axis

III. Laying the ULTRANIT geowebs perpendicular to the road axis

IV.Soil transportation

V. Soil spreading VI.Compaction

Combined use of the ULTRANIT geoweb and the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

Embankment on permafrost soils with the use of the ULTRANIT

geoweb and the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

Structure of the road pavement


ULTRANIT geoweb

High humidity soil


Earth foundation

Use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric for the structure of

single-side incomplete near-edge trench drainage of the road

pavement and the ULTRANIT geocomposite

(with nonwoven pad) in the soil of the embankment mass

Road covering

Supplementary layer of sand



Soil of the embankment foundation

Cohesive soil (water impermeability layer)

Near-edge trench drainage

Sand Kf ≥ 3 m/day

Ditch

GWL

Arrangement of the road pavement using extraction of heaving soil,

with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven textile and the ULTRANIT geoweb

PEAT

TYPE I

PEAT

TYPE I



ULTRANIT geoweb

Foundation of road pavement

Sand soil (peat substitute)


Use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric for the structure of double-

side near-edge trench drainage of the road pavement and the

ULTRANIT geocomposite (with nonwoven pad)

in the soil of the embankment mass

GWL

Near-edge trench drainage

drainage from the water drain pipe in the breakstone wrapping of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

hydraulic grade line

Road covering

Supplementary layer of sand





Sand Kf ≥ 3 m/day

Ditch

Use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric for the structure of single-

side complete under-ditch trench drainage with the ULTRANIT

geocomposite (nonwoven pad) in the soil of the embankment mass

filter made of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric around the sand

backfilling of the trench

Road covering





Near-edge trench drainage filled with sand with Kf ≥ 3 m/day

Ditch GWL


Use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric for the structure of double-

side under-ditch trench drainage and the ULTRANIT geocomposite

(with nonwoven pad) in the soil of the embankment mass

Road covering





Under-ditch trench drainage filled with sand with Kf ≥ 3 m/day

Ditch GWL


Embankment on clay soils (inside the frame made of the

ULTRASTAB woven geofabric) and the interlayer made of the

ULTRANIT geoweb

Transient type covering (breakstone, rocky soil)

ULTRANIT geoweb laid in parallel to the road axis, on the top of the frame

ULTRASTAB woven geofabric with fabric laying in perpendicular to the road axis

Compiled soil

ULTRASTAB woven geofabric with fabric laying in perpendicular to the road axis

Soft soils (clays, waterlogged loams, sandy loams)

Unsolid road pavement of permanent type

with asphalt concrete covering reinforced

with the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric and the

ULTRANIT geoweb

Road pavement of permanent and

light type with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven

geofabric

and the ULTRANIT geoweb




ULTRANIT geoweb

Sand layer


Earth foundation

Breakstone, breakstone-gravel-sand mix, slag, mud

ULTRANIT geoweb

Fine sand Kf >1 m/day


Embankment soil

Solid road pavement of permanent type with the

use of pavement slabs, the ULTRANIT geoweb and

the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

High load site (double-layer reinforcement) using

materials:

the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric and the ULTRANIT

geoweb

Reinforced concrete slab (road, aerodrome)

ULTRANIT geoweb

Sand layer


Earth foundation

ULTRANIT geoweb

Granite fractioned breakstone

Sand (process layer)





ULTRANIT geoweb

Fine or medium grain sand ULTRASTAB

woven geofabric

Backfilled soil

Earth foundation

Process diagram of arrangement of the load frame made of the

ULTRASTAB woven geofabric and the ULTRANIT geoweb used for

bogs of category II

Laying of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric shall be performed on a prepared foundation (compacted and profiled).

The geotextile shall be cut into fabrics of the required length in compliance with the laying diagram approved by the design solutions for arrangement in the

earth bed. The rest of material shall be packed and deposit to a warehouse.

When arranging the interlayer of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric in the foundation of the embankment arranged on soft soils, preparation can be

performed, if there is no risk of material damage.

When using tow geosynthetics in the structure, firstly, one layer shall be laid in longitudinal direction, and then - in transversal direction relative to the

embankment axis. Laying the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric and the ULTRANIT geoweb shall be performed manually by 3-4 roadmen.

Rolls shall be unwound with overlapping according to the design, but of 0.3 m as minimum.

Fastening of geosynthetic fabrics is determined when designing the specific structures, and in cases of high wind loads its is required to use anchors for

fixing geowebs manufactured in-situ of metal wire in the form of U or L-shaped staples (anchors). Fastening is performed with periodic flattening of the

fabric and its light longitudinal tension per each 10-15 m. Anchors - rods with diameter of 3 – 5 mm, 10 – 20 cm with deflected upper and sharpened lower

ends.

Backfilling of the layer to the geotextile is performed outwards without entering of machinery involved in construction. Thickness of the backfilled layer in

solid volume shall be 30 cm as minimum, and when arranging the interlayer of geosynthetics on a weak foundation – 40 cm as minimum.

Work

type

Pro

cess o

rde

r o

f

co

nstr

uction

pro

ce

dure

I. Foundation preparation; II. Laying the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric in perpendicular to the road axis

III. Laying the ULTRANIT geoweb in parallel to the road axis

IV. Arrangement of the 1st layer of the embankment; V. Wrapping the load frame

VI. Arrangement of the following layers of the embankment on the frame top

Use of the ULTRANIT

geoweb

when constructing railway

embankments

Construction of railways

using the ULTRANIT geoweb

Clean ballast

ULTRANIT geoweb

Dirty ballast

Drainage soil layer


Reinforcing ballast layers

using the ULTRANIT geoweb

Fractioned breakstone ballast 20-40 mm

ULTRANIT geoweb

Fractioned breakstone ballast 20-40 mm


Reinforcing ballast layers using the load frame with the use

of the ULTRANIT geoweb

Clean ballast

ULTRANIT geoweb

Dirty ballast

ULTRANIT geoweb


Embankments with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

Embankment on soft soils and in bogs of category I

with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

Road covering



Soft soils (bog of category I)

Embankment in bogs of category II

(semi-frame of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric)

Road covering



Soft soils (bog of category II)

Embankment in bogs of category II

(inside the frame of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric)

Road covering


ULTRASTAB woven geofabric with fabric laying in perpendicular to the road axis (upper part of the frame)

Soil of the embankment mass inside the frame

ULTRASTAB woven geofabric with fabric laying in perpendicular to the road axis (lower part of the frame)

Soft soils (bog of category II)

Embankment of coarse and sand soils on foundations of

subsidence category III-IV in the permafrost area with the use of

the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

Road covering





Embankment on a weak foundation reinforced using a flexible grid in

the form of a load frame made of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric on

piles

Pile

Road covering



Weak earth foundation


Pile field of rigid in-situ or bore piles

Earth foundation

Embankment on dry land in bog of category 1-2


Road covering



Timber strip road

Soft soil

Embankment in wet areas and in bog of category 3


Road covering



Double-coarse timber strip road

Soft soil

Embankment in wet areas


Road covering

Fractioned breakstone, rocky soil


Soil in the frame


Double-coarse timber strip road

Soft soil

Road pavement of transient type


Road pavement of inferior type


Inactive slag


ULTRASTAB woven

geofabric

Earth foundation

Breakstone-gravel mix, soft stones, slag, stabilized soil


Earth foundation

Roadsides of motor roads of category IV without stopping band


Top soil

Break stone thin spread

Earth foundation


Sand layer

Standard operating procedures for earth works

using the ULTRANIT woven geofabric

When backfilling the embankment with the use of the geofabric interlayers, the type diagram of standard operating procedures shall be completed with the

following operations: transportation of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric to the works site, distribution of rolls on the site, their laying, fastening and

interconnection of fabrics.

The woven geotextile rolls shall be transported to the manufacturing works site directly prior to laying and distributed by the site length in a distance

corresponding to the fabric length per roll (for the purpose of hand labor reduction). The Overlapping of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric on the top of the

frame shall be 0.5 m as minimum. The geotextile shall be cut into fabrics of the required length in compliance with the laying diagram approved by the

design solutions.

Process diagram of arrangement of the load frame made of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

Work

type

Pro

cess o

rde

r o

f

co

nstr

uction

pro

ce

dure

I. Foundation preparation;

II. Laying the ULTRASTAB

woven geofabric;

III. Arrangement of the 1st layer

of the embankment on the


III. Wrapping the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric edges into the load frame

IV. Arrangement of further beds of the embankment on the top of the load frame using the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

Reinforced ground works (supporting walls)

Increase of the slopes stability

using the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric, wrapping method

Fractioned

breakstone



Fractioned

breakstone

Road covering




Construction of the embankment in hillside areas

with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric, wrapping

method, and the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb for anti-erosion

protection of slopes



Berm spill-way

Terracing

Embankment soil

metallic anchor

reinforcing the embankment slopes using the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb

Cuts with reinforcing slopes using the ULTRASTAB woven

geofabric and anti-erosion protection using the ULTRANIT 3D

geoweb in constraint environment

ULTRASTAB woven

geofabric

ULTRANIT 3D geoweb

ULTRASTAB woven

geofabric

ULTRANIT 3D geoweb

fertile soil with grass seeding

anchor ditch

fertile soil with grass seeding

anchor ditch

Reinforced ground supporting wall reinforced

using the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric with gabion facing

ULTRANIT geoweb

ULTRASTAB woven geotextile

Gabions

Anch

ors

Reinforced ground supporting wall reinforced

using the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

using wrapping method with concrete block facing

Concrete block

Anchors

ULTRANIT geoweb


ULTRASTAB

woven geofabric

Slopes with the use of the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb (geomat)

Structure of reinforcements for the embankment slopes and cuts with

steepness less than 1:1.5 using the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb

fertile layer with grass seeding

L-shaped anchor

Anti-erosion protection of slopes

with the use of the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb

Fertile layer with grass

seeding

Anchor ditch

ULTRANIT 3D

geoweb

Metallic anchor

Reinforcement of steep slopes of the embankments, cuts, supporting

walls using the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric

and anti-erosion protection of slopes using the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb

ULTRANIT 3D

geoweb


Fertile layer with grass

seeding

Reinforcement of overhead crossing abutments

using the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb

ULTRANIT 3D

geoweb

Motor road

Reinforcing the cut slopes


ULTRANIT 3D

geoweb

ULTRANIT 3D

geoweb

Reinforcing slopes using

grass seeding Reinforcing slopes using

grass seeding

Particular features of the standard operating procedures for

reinforcing slopes


General Provisions

The use of the ULTRANIT 3D geowebs for protection of slopes against water and wind erosion makes no significant modifications to the standard operating

procedures (only operations on arrangement of the geoweb are introduced).

Preparatory works

Preparation of the abutment surface or embankment slopes (planning, removal of large foreign matters);

Preparation of a trench along the edge of the earth bed in order to fix the geoweb in its upper part. Preparation of a trench shall be performed, if no other

variant for geoweb fixing in the upper part of the slope is not provided, for example, using its laying under the structure of roadside soil stabilization. A trench

of V-shape with slopes embedding of 1:2 to the depth of 0.4 m or trapezoidal cross-section with slopes embedding of 1:1 to the depth of 0.3 m and width (in

bottom) of 0.2 m shall be arranged at the distance of 0.2 - 0.6 m from the earth bed edge;

Transportation of the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb rolls to the works site, their unloading and distribution along the slope, preparation of rolls for laying. The rolls

shall be transported and distributed along the edge, at a distance depending on the material length per roll and the slope length;

Process diagram of reinforcing slopes with the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb

Work

type

Pro

cess o

rde

r o

f

co

nstr

uction

pro

ce

dure

I. Grading the

embankment slopes;

II. Arrangement of the

anchor ditch

III. Laying the ULTRANIT 3D

geoweb;

IV. Fixing the fabrics using steel anchors

V.Filling the anchoring ditches;

VI. Filling and flattening the vegetable soil;

VII. Grass seeding

Laying the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb

• The ULTRANIT 3D geoweb is laid from top downwards with its filling in the upper and the lower parts using anchors.

• Anchor trench shall be filled with sand and gravel mix, breakstone and loose soil, and compacted after the geoweb

laying.

• The adjacent fabrics shall be laid in parallel with overlapping of 0.15–0.20 m, with fastening using staples-anchors

with diameter of 3–5 mm, with length of 30 cm with deflected upper and sharpened lower ends. In the process of

laying, anchors and staples are installed in 2 points in width of the roll each 5 - 6 m of its length. Anchors and staples

are process components, in the process of the geoweb backfilling with soil they can be removed and used in other

areas. Works can be performed in one or two fields, to the right or to the left.

• Vegetable soil is backfilled over the geoweb using excavators, front side forklifts from top downwards, flattening and

compaction of the soil are performed with gradual displacement along the work field line. It is recommended to perform

seeding in the beginning of plant vegetation period which is the most favorable for their growth. Approximate seed rate

is 3–5 kg per 100 m2 of the reinforced area. One third is seeded on the open geoweb or on the slope surface prior to

laying and two-thirds – after the geoweb backfilling with vegetable soil. Thickness of the geoweb backfilling is 5–15 cm

depending on the design solution.

Safety precautions when performing works

• In addition to general safety rules provided in SNiP 12-03-99 [3] and GOST 12.3.033-84, it is required to observe

special requirements due to particular features of technological processes and regional conditions of construction.

• Persons who passed training and safety announcement in compliance with GOST 12.0.004-90, who know the safe

operation methods and procedures, are allowed for works.

• All personnel during works execution shall use individual safety equipment (ISE) provided according to the applicable

standards.

• If works are performed in close proximity with a driveway of motor roads, without traffic termination, the area shall be

protected using barriers in compliance with the Guidelines for traffic control and safety barriers at road construction

sites VSN 37-84 [8]. Organization of works in these cases shall comprise movement of vehicles operating on the road

side open for traffic. The place of works shall be lighted in compliance with applicable regulations. If works are

performed in winter and in open air, workers shall be provided with warm clothes and shoes, in summer - with insect

protection means.

Environmental protection

• In compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, during development of design documentation, it is

necessary to observe requirements of environmental safety, public health protection, use and restoration of

resources.

• Construction of motor roads and road facilities is prohibited without positive State Environmental Expert Review

approved in the established order.

• Laying of roads within the designated conservation areas (state parks and reservations, national and natural parks,

areas related to natural and cultural monuments, territories (water zones) of habitation of specially protected species

of flora and fauna, etc.) is allowed only in compliance with the applicable legislation of the Russian Federation in the

designated conservation areas.

• Technical solutions package for prevention and reduction of detrimental effect of the motor road and road structures

on environment, proposals on rational use of natural resources in construction, comparison of the solutions taken in

the approved environment impact assessment, with technical solutions and measures accepted in the design

documentation, shall be reflected in the design documentation package, in a specially developed section

“Environmental protection” (hereinafter - EP).

• All land areas assigned for temporary use for the road construction needs, at the end of construction shall be

brought into condition suitable for further use considering process conditions of owners and users of these lands.

Road zones of the existing roads not used at the end of road reconstruction, shall be brought to the condition

suitable for further use.

• When designing embankments over bogs with transversal water flowing relative to the road direction in water-

saturated horizon, the design shall provide measures avoiding modification of the bog by backfilling the

embankment or its lower part of drain materials, arrangement of longitudinal ditches along the earth bed, and if

necessary, man-made facilities, etc.

Literature reference

SNiP 2.02.04-88 Footings and foundations on the permafrost grounds

SNiP 2.05.02-85* Automobile roads

SNiP 3.06.03-85 Automobile roads

SNiP 32-03-96. Aerodromes

SNiP 3.06.06-88. Aerodromes

SNiP 2.05.08-85. Aerodromes

SNiP 12-03-2001 Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements

VSN 37-84 Guidelines for traffic control and safety barriers at road construction sites

VSN 84-89 Surveying, design, and construction of roads and highways in permafrost areas

VSN 137-89 Design, construction, and maintenance of roads used during cold weather in Siberia and the Northeastern USSR

VSN 195-83 Guidelines for survey and design of side roads in Siberia and Far East

“Design manual for roadbeds on weak soils” (to SNiP 2.05.02-85)

“Design manual for roadbed and drainage of railroads, and motor vehicle roads of industrial facilities” (to SNiP 2.05.07-85)

“Performance of earthworks in winter conditions.” Reference aid (2nd edition, revised and enlarged). Moscow – 1971

Guidelines for design of aerodrome pavement structures. FSUE “Aeroproject.”.2004.

Type solutions for recovering the carrying capability of earth bed and for providing durability and frost protection of the road pavement in heaving soil areas

of motor roads. Federal Road Agency. ROSAVTODOR. Moscow, 2000

Recommended practice for the use of reinforcing grids made of fiberglass in construction of flexible road pavements with gain foundation. Ministry of

transport construction. SOUZDORNII. Moscow 1988

ODM 218.5.005-2010 Classification, terms, definitions of geosynthetics as related to road industry. Federal Road Agency. ROSAVTODOR. Moscow 2010

Recommended practice for procedure of construction of earth bed of high humidity clay soils in non-black soil areas of the RSFSR. Ministry of transport

construction of the USSR. SOUZDORNII. Moscow, 1989.

ODM “Recommendations on application of geosynthetics in construction and repair of motor roads.” ROSAVTODOR, Moscow. 2003.

Guidelines for the use of polymers (foam plastics, geotextiles, geowebs, polymer drain pipes) for reinforcing earth bed when repairing roads. Ministry of

Railways of Russia. Moscow, 2002.

STO 46487778-002-2015 “woven polyester geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark”

STO 46487778-001-2015 “ULTRASTAB woven polyester geofabric”

Q

155044, Ivanovo reg, Teykovo, pos. Grozilovo 50 8 (800) 200 75 10 www.ultrastab.ru

Documents

ALBUM OF TYPE STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS€¦ · GOST 22245-90 Viscous petroleum road bitumens. Technical Specifications GOST 18659-81 Cationic road bituminous emulsions. Technical Specifications