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Geography of AlbaniaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump
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Albania Continent Europe
Subregion Southeast Europe
Geographiccoordinates
4100N 2000E 41.000N20.000E
Area - Total- Water
Ranked 143rd 28,748 km 2 (11,100 sq mi)1,350 km 2 (520 sq
mi)(2.30%)
Coastline 611 km (380 mi)
Land boundaries 720 km (450 mi)
Countriesbordered
Greece 282 km (175 mi),Montenegro 172 km(107 mi),Macedonia 151
km (94 mi),Kosovo [a] 115 km (71 mi)
Maritime claims 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)
Highest point Mount Korab , 2,754 m(9,035 ft)
Lowest point Adriatic Sea , 0 m
Longest river Drin River , 335 km (208 mi)
Largest inlandbody of water
Lake Shkodr 530 km 2 (200 sq mi)
Land Use - Arable land
- Permanentcrops
- Other
20.1 %
4.21 %
75.69 % (2005 est.)
Irrigated Land 3,530 km 2 (1,360 sq mi)
Climate : Mild temperate to cool
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Albania has a total area of 28,748 km 2 (11,100 sq mi). It
shares a 172 km (107 mi)
border with Montenegro to the northwest, a115 km (71 mi) border
with Kosovo [a] to thenortheast, a 151 km (94 mi) border with
Macedonia to the north and east, and a 282 km(175 mi) border
with Greece to the south andsoutheast. Its coastline is around 476
km(296 mi) long. The lowlands of the west facethe Adriatic Sea and
the strategically importantStrait of Otranto , which puts less than
72 km(45 mi) of water between Albania and the heelof the Italian
"boot" (links Adriatic Sea toIonian Sea and Mediterranean Sea
).
Albania has coastline on the Adriatic Sea and the Ionian Sea
.
Contents
[hide ]
1 Borders 2 Climate 3 Terrain 4 Drainage 5 Extreme points 6 See
also
7 Notes and references 8 Further reading 9 External links
Borders [edit ]
Terrain : Mountains, hills, smallplains
Naturalresources
petroleum , natural gas , bauxite , chromite , copper , iron ore
, nickel , salt , timber , hydropower
Natural hazards earthquakes , tsunamis , floods , drought
Environmentalissues
deforestation , soil erosion , water pollution
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of_Albania&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albania#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albania#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albania#Notes_and_referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albania#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albania#Extreme_pointshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albania#Drainagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albania#Terrainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albania#Climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albania#Bordershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionian_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionian_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Otrantohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Macedoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_crossings_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania
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Satellite image of Albania.
With the exception of the coastline, all Albanian borders are
artificial. They were established in principle at the 1912-1913
conference of ambassadors in London . The country was occupied
byItalian , Serbian , Bulgarian , Austro-Hungarian , Greek, and
French forces during World War I , butthe 1913 boundaries were
essentially reaffirmed by the victorious states in 1921. The
original
principle was to define the borders in accordance with the best
interests of the Albanian peopleand the nationalities in adjacent
areas. The northern and eastern borders were intended, insofar
as
possible, to separate the Albanians from the Serbs and
Montenegrins; the southeast border was toseparate Albanians and
Greeks; the valuable western Macedonia lake district was to be
dividedamong the three states Albania, Greece, and Yugoslavia whose
populations shared the area.When there was no compromise involving
other factors, borderlines were chosen to make the
best possible separation of national groups, connecting the best
marked physical featuresavailable.
Allowance was made for local economic situations, for example,
to prevent separation of avillage from its animals' grazing areas
or the markets for its produce. Political pressures alsowere a
factor in the negotiations, but the outcome was subject to approval
by powers havingrelatively abstract interests, most of which
involved the balance of power rather than specificeconomic
ambitions.
Division of the lake district among three states required that
each of them have a share of thelowlands in the vicinity. Such an
artificial distribution, once made, necessarily affected the
borderlines to the north and south. The border that runs
generally north from the lakes, althoughit follows the ridges of
the eastern highlands, stays sixteen to thirty-two kilometers west
of the
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much lower at higher elevations, but daily fluctuations are
greater. Daytime maximumtemperatures in the interior basins and
river valleys are very high, but the nights are almostalways
cool.
Average precipitation is heavy, a result of the convergence of
the prevailing airflow from the
Mediterranean Sea and the continental air mass. Because they
usually meet at the point where theterrain rises, the heaviest rain
falls in the central uplands. Vertical currents initiated when
theMediterranean air is uplifted also cause frequent thunderstorms.
Many of these storms areaccompanied by high local winds and
torrential downpours.
When the continental air mass is weak, Mediterranean winds drop
their moisture farther inland.When there is a dominant continental
air mass, cold air spills onto the lowland areas, whichoccurs most
frequently in the winter. Because the season's lower temperatures
damage olive treesand citrus fruits, groves and orchards are
restricted to sheltered places with southern and westernexposures,
even in areas with high average winter temperatures.
Lowland rainfall averages from 1,000 millimeters (39.37 in) to
more than 1,500 millimeters(59.06 in) annually, with the higher
levels in the north. Nearly 95% of the rain falls in the
winter.
Rainfall in the upland mountain ranges is heavier. Adequate
records are not available, andestimates vary widely, but annual
averages are probably about 1,800 millimeters (70.87 in) andare as
high as 2,550 millimeters (100.39 in) in some northern areas. The
seasonal variation is notquite as great in the coastal area.
The higher inland mountains receive less precipitation than the
intermediate uplands. Terraindifferences cause wide local
variations, but the seasonal distribution is the most consistent of
anyarea.
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