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2. Alaskan facts
The state mottois: North to the future.
The state gemis jade. Alaska has a large deposit of jade, including
a big mountain filled with dark green jade on the Seward
Peninsula.
The state mineralis gold. This mineral plays a large part in
Alaska's history, from its discovery in Juneau in 1880 to the great
gold rush at Nome in the first part of this century. Gold was named
the state mineral in 1968.
The state insectis the four-spot skimmer dragonfly.
The state bird is the willow ptarmagin. True Alaskans have a joke
that the true state bird is the mosquito because of how many there
are and the size of the mosquitos.
The willow ptarmagin
Alaska State Flag
3.
4. The state's largest cityis Anchorage, a south-central city
with a little over 225,000 people. 5. The second largest city is
Fairbanks, located in the interior of the state, with just over
32,000 people. 6. The state flower is the forget-me-not 7. Alaska's
population of 671,000 + makes it the third least populous state. 8.
The state also boasts the lowest population density in the nation.
There is 1.0 person per square mile (1991) in Alaska, compared to
71.2 people per square mile for the entire U.S. The
forget-me-not
9. Northern Lights or Aurora Borealis
The aurora is the glow of solar particles blown into the earths
magnetic field. The streams of charged solar particles surge and
bulge along bends in the earths magnetic field. As they strike
atoms in the earths atmosphere, they create greenish-yellow, faint
blue, or even blood red curtains of color. Some Alaska Native
groups believed the lights had serious powers. Some believed the
lights were the dancing spirits of children who died at birth. The
best months to view the Aurora Borealis is between November and
March. The best time to view is 10pm-2am.
10. Alaskan natives
11. Native Alaskan Information
The term Alaska Native, referring to Alaska's original inhabitants,
includes Aleut, Eskimo and Indian groups who differ from each other
in ethnic origin, language and culture. The terms Inuit and Native
American are sometimes used in place of Eskimo and Indian.
In 1996, Alaska Natives constituted 16.5% of the state's total
population.
In 1971 the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) was passed
by U.S. Congress. Alaska Natives received 44 million acres of land
and $962.5 million, in exchange for the extinguishment of their
aboriginal land claims. The cash and lands became the property of
the 13 regional, 4 urban, and over 200 village Native corporations
formed by the Act. Any Native Alaskan born before passage of the
Act who could prove one-quarter blood Native ancestry, was eligible
to enroll in a local and regional corporation, entitling him or her
to 100 shares in both corporations.
Three Alaska Native Girls in traditional parkas
12. Eleven Alaskan native cultures
Inuit Children Playing Alaska Winter
Subsistence Whale Hunt
"King Island Eskimo Dancers"
13. AleutNatives
Aleut homelands include the Aleutian Islands, the Pribilof Islands,
the Shumagin Islands, and the far western part of the Alaska
Peninsula.
The Aleut are expert boat builders and sailors and are well known
for their kayaks. They are also known for their very fine
baskets.
Alaska Native Boy Ice Fishing
AlutiiqEskimos
Alutiiq Eskimos, also referred to as Kana, are related to the
Yupik, but are geographically located near the Aleut native
villages.
Yupik Eskimo Dance
Walrus Skin Trampoline
AthabascanIndians
The Athabascan people traditionally lived along five Alaskan
rivers: the Yukon, the Tanana, the Susitna, the Kuskokwim, and the
Copper River. This area, known as the "Interior" of Alaska, runs
from south of the Brooks Mountain Range down to the Kenai
Peninsula.
They speak eleven different languages.
14. CupikEskimos
The people of Hooper Bay and Chevak call themselves Cup'ik (plural
Cup'it).
The Cupik still depend upon subsistence fishing, hunting and
gathering for food. The Cu'pik region is treeless tundra that
borders the Bering Sea
Cupik are hunters of moose, caribou, whale, walrus, seal and sea
lions and harvest salmon and other fish from the Yukon, Kuskokwim
and Nushagak rivers.
Bull Moose
Eyak Indians
Cupik women filleting salmon
The Eyak Indians are the smallest native group in Alaska.
Their traditional village on the Copper River highway on the
Malaspina Coastal Plain was absorbed into the town of Cordova,
Alaska in 1906, when their numbers had dwindled to only about 60
Eyak remaining.
15. Haida Indians
The Haida were neighbors of the Eyak, Tlingit, and Tsimshian.
The original homeland of the Haida people is the Queen Charlotte
Islands in British Columbia, Canada.
The Haida are master canoe makers, constructing their canoes from
cedar logs up to 60 feet in length.
The territory of the Inupiaq Eskimos includes: the North Slope
Borough (NSB) consisting of seven villages, served by the Arctic
Slope Regional Corporation, the Northwest Arctic Borough consisting
of eleven villages and the Bering Straits Regional Corporation,
which includes 16 villages. Barrow Alaska, the most northern U.S.
city, is located within the NSB territory and is situated 700 miles
north of Fairbanks and approximately 1000 miles below the north
pole.
Inupiaq Eskimos
Subsistence hunting and traditional uses of wild foods such as
moose, caribou, whale, duck, fish, and other wildlife continue to
provide substantial portions of the Inupiaq diet.
16. St. Lawrence Island Yupik
St. Lawrence Island lies in the Bering Sea, 164 miles west of Nome.
It is closer to Siberia in Russia, (just 38 miles away) than it is
to Alaska. Savoonga on the northern coast and Gambell on the
northwest cape contain the islands Yupik population with 695
residing in Savoonga and 660 in Gambell. St. Lawrence Island has
been inhabited intermittently for the past 2,000 year by Yupik
Eskimos.
The economy is largely based on subsistence harvests from the sea
including seal, walrus, fish and bowhead and gray whales.
Walrus-hide boats are still used to hunt.
Savoonga is hailed as the Walrus Capital of the World and a Walrus
Festival is help each spring. St. Lawrence Island Yupik are famous
for their ivory carvings.
Walrus
17. Tlingit Indians
Traditional Tlingit territory in Alaska includes the Southeast
panhandle between Icy Bay in the north to the Dixon Entrance in the
south. Tlingit people have also occupied the area to the east
inside the Canadian border. This group is known as the Inland
Tlingit.
Southeast Alaskas environment is a temperate rain forest. This
environment produces many tall and massive trees. Wood was the most
important commodity for the people of this region. Communal houses,
totem poles, daily utensils, storage and cooking boxes,
transportation, ceremonial objects, and clothing were all made of
wood and wood products, especially cedar and spruce
Tlingit ceremonial dance
18. Tsimshian Indians
The original homeland of the Tsimshian is between the Nass and
Skeena Rivers in British Columbia, Canada, though at contact in
Southeast Alaskas Portland Canal area, there were villages at Hyder
and Halibut Bay. Presently in Alaska, the Tsimshian live mainly on
Annette Island, in (New) Metlakatla, Alaska in addition to
settlements in Canada.
Scraping the Seal Skin
Yupik Eskimos
The Yup'ik Eskimos of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta area in Western
Alaska live in an environment made up of a mostly flat, marshy
plain crisscrossed by many waterways, which the Yup'ik use in place
of roads.
The Yup'ik believe that no one ever truly dies, but that their soul
is part of a cycle in which it is reborn in another generation.
Children are named after the last person in the community to have
passed away, whether that name is a boy or girl name.
King Salmon Drying Quinhagak Alaska
19. Types of Alaskan Salmon
Chinook salmon (king)
This is the largest of the five Pacific salmon species, with mature
adults growing to about 40 inches in length and weighing an average
of 22 pounds. However, kings may grow as large as 100 pounds or
more. In Alaska waters, 40- to 50-pounders are not uncommon.
"Old Man And The King"
20. Sockeye salmon (red)
The sockeye is Alaska's most valuable fish. The Alaskan adult
averages 24 inches in length and 6 to 9 pounds. Sockeye account for
25 to 30 percent of Alaska's commercial salmon harvest. They are
also called reds because males turn a brilliant red color when
spawning.
"Jumping Sockeye Salmon Brooks Fall Katmai National Park":
21. Coho salmon (silver)
Coho salmon is the third most valuable of Alaska's salmon. It is
the primary catch of the Alaska troller. Coho, also known as
silvers, are often sold whole in seafood markets, but may also be
smoked or canned. They average 29 inches in length and 9 pounds in
weight, but may reach up to 30-plus pounds. Coho amount to about 5
percent of the total salmon harvest.
Coho Salmon Fishing
22. Chum salmon (dog)
These fish are of lower value to Alaska fishermen because their
meat is a pale, yellowish color which makes them unmarketable as
red salmon. Nevertheless, chum meat is widely marketed in stores in
the lower forty-eight. They reach an average length of 30 inches
and a weight of 8 pounds. The largest chum on record weighed in at
around 30 pounds and was caught in Alaska.
Chum dog salmon
23. Pink salmon (humpy)
These are the smallest and least valuable, per pound, of Alaska
salmon. However, these little salmon are the most abundant of them
all. They are almost exclusively used for canning and are the main
catch of many purse seining boats. At maturity they average 16 to
22 inches and usually reach weights of about 4 pounds. They are
most common in Southeast (Region 1). Male pink salmon develop a
large hump on their back prior to and during spawning; thus the
name humpy.
Spawning Pink Salmon
24. Alaska's Scenic Wonders
25. Flightseeing at Denali 26. State & National Parks 27. Alaska Dogsledding Adventures 28. Flightseeing 29. Snowmachining 30. Salmon Fishing