Alapan ArnabDNA GroupComputer ScienceUCT

Extending ODRL to Enable Bi-Directional Communication

Alapan ArnabAndrew Hutchison

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Agenda

Introduction Design Motivations Extensions Example

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Introduction

RELs essentially allow for the expression of contract terms

All current RELs have a an uni-directional expression from rights holder to the end user

Thus, this does not allow for the full power that is achieved through a negotiated process

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RMS Example

Tom creates a document for Jill and protects it with RMS Can only be read and edited by Jill Time limit of a week

If Jill requires an extension, Tom needs to rewrite the rules Resend the protected document back to Jill

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“the assumption of a one-way expression of rights has in part led to the current deficiencies in the REL [XrML]” – Mulligan et al. [2002]

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Design Motivations

Need to use external control sets Object separated from license (super distribution)

Use a request – response model

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New Functions Breakdown

License Server Functions Keep track of extensions Negotiation algorithms AI for negotiating complex licenses

DRM Controller Functions Keep track of updated use licenses

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Three Negotiation Elements

Request (from the user) Deny Request (from the rights holder) Accept Request (from the rights holder)

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Three Request Elements

Add Remove Replace

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Schema Diagrams

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Schema Diagrams Continued

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Putting it all together

Chosen to extend the rightsType element

Could have used other element, eg. negType

Our opinion – this is more elegant

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Example

Use scenario #2 from the ODRL 1.1 specs Mary Smith (consumer) buys an e-book: “Why Cats Sleep

and We Don’t” Rights:

Single CPU Print 2 times

Suppose Mary Smith is a journalist, and would like to write a thorough review Want to excerpt pictures from various parts of e-book

Example essentially a case of fair use Will also use an extension from an unpublished work

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Initial Request

<odrl-ext:rights> <odrl-ext:request> <o-ex:context>

<o-dd:uid>urn:ebook.world/999999/license/1234567890-ABCDEF</o-dd:uid>

</o-ex:context> <odrl-ext:request-add> <o-ex:permission> <o-dd:excerpt> <o-ex:constraint> <o-dd:range> <o-dd:min>3</o-dd:min> <o-dd:max>56</o-dd:max> </o-dd:range> </o-ex:constraint> </o-dd:excerpt> </o-ex:permission> </odrl-ext:request-add>

<o-ex:party> <o-ex:context>

<o-dd:uid>urn:ebook.world/999999/users/msmth-000111</o-dd:uid>

<o-dd:name>Mary Smith</o-dd:name>

</o-ex:context> </o-ex:party> </odrl-ext:request></odrl-ext:rights>

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Rejection

<odrl-ext:rights> <odrl-ext:deny-request> <o-ex:context>

<o-dd:uid>urn:ebook.world/999999/license/TRANS-0101</o-dd:uid>

</o-ex:context> <odrl-ext:request-add> <o-ex:permission> <o-dd:excerpt> <o-ex:constraint> <o-dd:range> <o-dd:min>3</o-dd:min> <o-dd:max>56</o-dd:max> </o-dd:range> </o-ex:constraint> </o-dd:excerpt> </o-ex:permission> </odrl-ext:request-add>

<o-ex:party> <o-ex:context>

<o-dd:uid>urn:ebook.world/999999/users/msmth-000111</o-dd:uid>

<o-dd:name>Mary Smith</o-dd:name> </o-ex:context> </o-ex:party> <odrl-ext:description>Excerption is only available with an

academic, scholar or journalist credential. Furthermore, a maximum of 10% of the total protected work can be excerpted

</odrl-ext:description></odrl-ext:deny-request></odrl-ext:rights>

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Counter Offer

<odrl-ext:rights> <odrl-ext:grant-request> <o-ex:context>

<o-dd:uid>urn:ebook.world/999999/license/1234567890-ABCDEF</o-dd:uid>

</o-ex:context> <o-ex:context>

<o-dd:uid>urn:ebook.world/999999/license/1234567890-ABCDEF-01</o-dd:uid>

</o-ex:context> <odrl-ext:request-add> <o-ex:permission> <o-dd:excerpt> <o-ex:constraint> <o-dd:range> <o-dd:min>3</o-dd:min> <o-dd:max>13</o-dd:max> </o-dd:range>

<o-dd-ext:credential> <o-dd-ext:OrList> <o-dd-ext:CredentialsType>Journalist</o-

dd-ext:CredentialsType> <o-dd-ext:CredentialsType>Academic</o-

dd-ext:CredentialsType> <o-dd-ext:CredentialsType>Scholar</o-

dd-ext:CredentialsType> </o-dd-ext:OrList> </o-dd-ext:credential> </o-ex:constraint> </o-dd:excerpt> </o-ex:permission> </odrl-ext:request-add> <o-ex:party> <o-ex:context>

<o-dd:uid>urn:ebook.world/999999/users/msmth-000111</o-dd:uid>

<o-dd:name>Mary Smith</o-dd:name> </o-ex:context> </o-ex:party> </odrl-ext:request></odrl-ext:rights>

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Refined Request<odrl-ext:rights> <odrl-ext:grant-request> <o-ex:context> <o-dd:uid>

urn:ebook.world/999999/license/1234567890-ABCDEF-01</o-dd:uid>

</o-ex:context> <odrl-ext:request-add> <o-ex:permission> <o-dd:excerpt> <o-ex:constraint> <o-dd:range> <o-dd:min>3</o-dd:min> <o-dd:max>4</o-dd:max> </o-dd:range> <o-dd:range> <o-dd:min>16</o-dd:min> <o-dd:max>18</o-dd:max> </o-dd:range> <o-dd:range> <o-dd:min>56</o-dd:min> <o-dd:max>57</o-dd:max> </o-dd:range>

<o-dd-ext:credential> <o-dd-ext:CredentialsType> Journalist

</o-dd-ext:CredentialsType> </o-dd-ext:credential> </o-ex:constraint> </o-dd:excerpt> </o-ex:permission> </odrl-ext:request-add> <o-ex:party> <o-ex:context> <o-dd:uid>

urn:ebook.world/999999/users/msmth-00111

</o-dd:uid> <o-dd:name>Mary Smith</o-dd:name> </o-ex:context> </o-ex:party> </odrl-ext:request></odrl-ext:rights>

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Request Accepted<odrl-ext:rights> <odrl-ext:grant-request> <o-ex:context> <o-dd:uid>urn:ebook.world/999999/license/1234567890-ABCDEF</o-dd:uid> </o-ex:context> <o-ex:context> <o-dd:uid>urn:ebook.world/999999/license/1234567890-ABCDEF-01</o-dd:uid> </o-ex:context> <odrl-ext:request-add> <o-ex:permission> <o-dd:excerpt> <o-ex:constraint> <o-dd:range> <o-dd:min>3</o-dd:min> <o-dd:max>4</o-dd:max> </o-dd:range> <o-dd:range> <o-dd:min>16</o-dd:min> <o-dd:max>18</o-dd:max> </o-dd:range> <o-dd:range> <o-dd:min>56</o-dd:min> <o-dd:max>57</o-dd:max> </o-dd:range>

<o-dd-ext:credential> <o-dd-ext:CredentialsType> Journalist </o-dd-ext:CredentialsType> </o-dd-ext:credential> </o-ex:constraint> </o-dd:excerpt> </o-ex:permission> </odrl-ext:request-add> <o-ex:party> <o-ex:context> <o-dd:uid> urn:ebook.world/999999/users/msmth-000111 </o-dd:uid> <o-dd:name>Mary Smith </o-dd:name> </o-ex:context> </o-ex:party> </odrl-ext:request></odrl-ext:rights>

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Future Work/Work in Progress Aim to create a working prototype by end of

September Part of a smaller sub-project

Not yet too sure on AI aspect

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Conclusions

Presented extensions to ODRL 1.1 for bi-directional support Enables negotiation between user and license server Allows for the negotiation of any part of an ODRL license

Our opinion, this makes ODRL more complete Would like to see these extensions (or similar

structures) in ODRL 2.0 Extensions can also be done in other RELs like

XrML (which we have also done)

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Questions

? Email: aarnab@cs.uct.ac.za