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Alaine aminotransferase
Procedure
Preparation
o Explain to the patient that this test assesses liver
function.o Tell the patient that the test requires a blood sample.
Explain who will perform the venipuncture
and when.
o Explain to the patient that he may experience slight
discomfort from the tourniquet and theneedle puncture
o Inform the patient that he may need not restrict food and
fluids.o Notify the laboratory and physician of drugs the patient
is taking that may affect test result; It
may be necessary to restrict them.
Implementation
o Perform a venipuncture and collect the sample in a 4-ml tube
without additiveso Handle the sample gently to prevent hemolysiso
ALT activity is a stable in serum for up to 3 days at room
temperature.
Patient care
o Apply direct pressure to the venipuncture site until bleeding
stop.o Instruct the patient that he may resume medications stopped
before the test.
Aspartate aminotransferase
Procedure
Preparation
o Explain to the patient that this test assesses heart and liver
function.o Inform the patient that the test usually requires three
venipunctures ( one on the admission and
one each day for the next three days ).
o Tell the patient that he may need not restrict food and
fluids.o Explain to the patient that he may experience slight
discomfort from the tourniquet and the
needle puncture.
oNotify the laboratory and physician of drugs the patient is
taking that may affect test result; Itmay be necessary to restrict
them.
Implementation
o Perform a venipuncture and collect the sample in a 4-ml tube
without additives.o To avoid missing peak AST levels, draw serum
samples at the same time each day.o Handle the sample gently to
prevent hemolysis and send it to the laboratory immediately.
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Patient care
o Apply direct pressure to the vinipuncture site until bleeding
stop.o Instruct the patient that he may resume medications stopped
before the test.
Computed Tomograhpy of the liver and bilary tract
Procedure
Preparation
o Explain to the patient that computed tomography (CT) scanning
helps detect biliary tract andliver disease.
o Check the patient history for hypersensitivity iodine, seafood
, or the contrast media used inother diagnostic tests.
o If ordered, gives the patient the oral contrast medium
supplied by the radiology department.Tell the patient that hell
drink a contrast medium and then fast until after the examination.
It
I.V. contrast medium isnt ordered, fasting isnt necessary.
o If the patient will receive I.V contrast, hell need to fast
from food fluids for 4-hours before thetest
o Tell the patient to immediately report nausea, vomiting,
dizziness, headache and hives.o If the test will involve an I,V,
contrast medium , tell the patient he may experience discomfort
from the needle puncture and a localized feeling of warmth on
injection, as a salty or metallic
taste.
o Inform the patient that hell lie on an adjustable table inside
a scanning gantry.o Tell the patient that hell need to remain still
during the test and periodically hold his breath.
Stress the importance of remaining still during the test because
movement can cause artifacts,
thereby prolonging the test and limiting its accuracy.
Implementation
o The patient is placed in the supine position on an X-ray
table, and the table is position within theopening in the scanning
gantry.
o A series of transverse X-rays is taken and recorded on
magnetic tape.o This information is reconstructed by a computer and
appears as a images on a television screen.o
When the first series of X-ray is completed, the images are
reviewed.o If contrast enhancement is ordered, the contrast medium
is injected. A second series of X-rays
is taken. The patient is observed carefully for an allergic
reaction.
Patient care
o Monitor the patient for adverse effects to the contrast
medium.
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Lipase
Procedure
Preparation
o Explain to the patient that this test evaluates pancreatic
function.o Tell the patient that the test require a blood sample.
Explain who will perform the venipuncture
and when.
o Inform the patient that he may experience slight discomfort
from the tourniquet and theneedle puncture.
o Instruct the patient to fast overnight before the test.o
Notify the laboratory of drugs the patient is taking that may
affect test result; it may be
necessary to restrict them.
Implementation
o Perform a venipuncture and collect the sample a in a 4-ml
clot-activator tube.o Handle the sample gently to prevent
hemolysis.
Patient care
o Apply direct pressure to the vinipuncture site until bleeding
stop.o Instruct the patient that he may resume his usual diet and
medications stopped before the test.
