ALABAMA ••••. . i

The following lists of companies and their trade names has been

compiled by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and includes

only companies with plants or subsidiaries in Alabama.

It is felt that these companies 1 as a result of their prominent

position in the state 1 s total economy 1 could 1 were they so motivated 1

effect significant and long-overdue progress toward:

- Securing for all citizens 21 and older 1 their civil right +­in fact register and vote in all elections 1 and

- Ending finally the brutality and violence 1 bo1~, sanctioned and condemned by elected official's 1 which has consistently been used to discourage the Negro citizens of Alabama from fulfilling their responsibilities to take an active part in this democratic government.

Carefully chosen from the entire business community 1 these

144 companies represent those businessmen in Alabama who have

most abdicated their res~onsibility to the communities they serve

and support1 and from which they derive benefit.

It is conceivable that individuals and local groups across this

land who have in so many ways supported the drive of Alabama 1 s

Negroes for the right to vote 1 would want to reexamine the economic

support they have been giving to these companies and therefore to

the brutal and systematic exclusion of Negro citizens from the

governments of Alabama.

2

COMPANIES AR~GEP_ PV HOME OfFlCE _

BIRMINGHAM:

ALABAMA BY-PRODUCTS CORP,

ALABAMA POWER CO.

HAYES INTERNATIONAL COR!'.

VULCAN MATERIALS CO.

LEEDS:

ANDERSON ELECTRIC CORP.

MOBILE:

ALABAMA DRY DOCKS & SHIPBUILDING

SOUTHERN INDUSTRIES

MONTGOMERY:

WJUTFIELD PICKLE CO.

NORTH BIRMINGHAM:

ALABAMA GAS CORP.

U, S, PIPE & .'OUNDRY CO,

OPELIKA:

J. HERBERT ORR INDUSTRIES

SELMA:

BUSHHOG INC.

SOUTHLAND CORP.

SYLACAUGA:

AVONDALE MILLS

WOODWARD:

WOODWARD IRON CO.

CALIFORNIA

BE VER LY HI L LS:

LITTON INDUSTRIES

F ULLERTON:

HUNT FOODS & INDUSTRIES. INC

OAKLAND:

KAISER ALUMINUM & CHEMICAL CO

REDWOOD:

AMPEX CORP.

SAN FRANCISCO:

FOREMOST DAIRIES. INCORP.

STANDARD OIL o.· CALIFORNIA

COLORADO

DENVER:

IDEAL CEMENT

CONNfcrtCUT

BRIDGEPORT:

WARNER BROS. CO.

STAMFORD:

HUYCK, I!>C.

DELAWARE

WILMINGTON:

HERCULES POWDER

PULLMAN, INCORP.

ATLANTA:

FULTON INDUSTRIES, INC.

OXFORD CORP.

SOUTHERN CO.

WEST POINT:

WEST POINT MFG. CO.

ILLINOIS

CJUCAGO:

ALLIED MILLS, INCORP.

ALLIED PAPER CORP.

AMERICAN BAKERIES CO.

ARMOUR AND CO.

BEATRICE ··ooDS CO.

CECO STEEL PRODUCTS

J AMES B. CLOW & SON

CONSOLIDA'rED FOODS CORP.

CONTAINER CORP.

MCGRAW-EDISON CO.

QUAKER OATS

STONE CONTAINER

SWIFT" CO,

EVANSTON:

CALUMET " HECLA, INCORJ?.

KEWANEE:

BOSS MFG. CO.

OAKBROOK:

CJUCAGO BRIDGE & IRON CO.

INDIANA

COLUMBUS:

ARVIN INDUSTRIES

INDIANAPOLIS:

P. R. MALLORY & CO.

MUNCIE:

liiARHOEFER PACKING CO.

MARYLAND

BALTIMORE :

COMME RCIAL CRE DIT CO.

MT. VERN ON MILLS

MASSACHUSETTS

BOSTON:

KENDALL CO.

EASTHAMPTON:

UNITED ELASTIC CORP.

MICHIGAN

DEARBORN:

FORD MOTOR CO.

DETROIT:

CHRYSLER CORP.

FRUEHAUF CORP.

JACKSON:

ACME INDUSTRIES

SOUTHFIELD:

GUERDON INDUSTRIES

MINNESOTA

AUSTIN:

GEO. A. HORMEL & CO.

MINNEAPOLIS:

MUNSINGWEAR, INCORP .

PILLSBURY CO.

ST. PAUL:

AMERACE CORP.

AMERICAN BRAKE SHOE

AMERICAN CAN CO.

AVCO CORP.

BEAUNIT COHP.

I

CENTRAL FOUNDRY CO.

CLUETT, PEABODY & CO.

CONTINENTAL CAN cp.

DOLLY MADISON FOODS

ELECTRIC BOND & SHARE CO.

GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.

GLEN ALDEN CORP.

INDIAN HEAD MILLS, INC.

INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO.

KAYSER-ROTH. CORP.

LONE STAR CEMENT CORP. MINNESOTA MINING & MFG. CO.

MISSOURI

KANSAS CITY:

BUTLER MFG. CO.

II. D. LEE. JNC.

ST. LOUIS :

BEMIS BROS. J" AG CO.

MONSAN T O CO.

HALST ON PU RINA CO.

NEBRASKA

OMAHA:

NEBRASKA CONSOLIDATE!)f

NEW JERSEY

NEW BRUNSWICK:

JOHNSON & JOHNSON

PASSAIC:

BOTANY INDUSTRIES

NEW YORK

BUFFALO:

MILLS

NATIONAL GYPSUM CO.

NEW YORK CITY

ALLIED CHEMICAL CORP.

LOWENSTEIN & SONS

M.AHLENE INDUSTRIES

MARTIN MARIETTA CORP.

NATIONAL DAI]l)' PRODUCTS

OLI N MATJ!IESON

PHJ LADELPHIA & HEADI NG COH P .

l' lllLU l'S-YAN HEuSE N CO RP.

HUBEHOTD CO.

ST. REGIS PAP E H CO.

STA!\U: Y IVA RNEH CORP.

STA UF FER CHEMICAL CO.

Ul\'lO N BAG-CAMP P APER CO.

Ul\lON CARBIDE CORP.

u . S. STEEL

WARD FOODS, JNC.

WARSHOW & SONS

WORTHJNGTON CORP.

PELHAM MANOR :

EXQUISITE FORM INDUSTRIES

WHITE PLAINS:

REICHHOLD CHEMICALS

NORTH CAROLINA GHEENSBORO:

BLUE BELL, INC.

BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES

Utf l v

AKRON:

B. F. GOODRICH

GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO.

CANTON:

UNION METAL MFG. CO.

CLEVELAND:

COLE NATIONAL CORP.

DIAMOND ALKALI CO.

LAMSON & SESSIOI>S CO.

REPUBLIC STEEL CORP.

T OLEDO:

ELTRA CORP.

PENNSYLVANIA

ALLJCNTOWN:

LEHIGH PORTLA ND CEMENT CO.

BRISTOL :

TH!OKOL CHEMICAL , CORP.

CHESTE11 :

SCOTT PAPE H CO.

EASTON:

AL PHA POH T LAND CEMENT CO.

E RI E:

HAMM.ER!<UL L P AP E I1 CO.

P HILADELPHIA :

BAYUK CIGARS, INCORP.

ROHM & HAASS CO.

PITTSBURGH :

HARBISON-WALKER REFHACTOHIES C<

NATCO C01P.

H.K. PORTER

WESTINGHOUSE EL.ECTI!IC

WYOMISSING:

VANITY FAIR

RHOVE IS LANV

EAST PROVIDENCE :

FRAM CORP.

TENNESSEE

CHATTANOOGA:

-DORIEY CORP,

IITANDAR().COOIIA-THATCHER CO:

IIEifPNffil·

FJ:DEIIAL COMPRESS lo WABEHOVBE CO.

NABHVILLE:

GENESCO INCORP.

TfXAS

DALLAS:

CAMPBELL TAGGART AISOClATED BAKERIES

IIIVEBIIA, INC,

HOUSTON:

TENNESSEE GAS TRANSiflSSION CORP.

DANVILLE:

DA!IliiVER MILLS

RICHifOMD:

REYNOLDS METALS CO.

WISCONSIN

NEENAH:

KIMBERLY-CLARK CORP.

WEST ALLIS:

ALLIS-CHALMERS MFG. CO.

ENGLAND

LONDON:

COUTAULD, LTD.

PRODUCTS AND

TRADE NAMES

BAKERY PRODUCTS:

AUNT HANNAH

BARBARA ANN

4

1 BURRY

BUTTERNUT

COLONIAL

OANDE£

FARM CREST

GRENNAN CAKES

HARVEST

HOLSUM

HONEYCRUST

FORDAN

KILPATRICK'S

LANGENDORF

LIFE AND GIRL SCOUT COOKIES

MANOR

MEAD'S

ME RITA

PARADISE FRUIT CAKE

PILLSBURY

RAINBO

TAYSTEE

TIP-TOP

MEAT & POULTRY:

ARM OUR STAR

BEST

BROOKFIELD

COLONIAL SELECT

DINTY MOORE

FLAVOR GROWN

GOLDEN STAR

HAM WHAT AM

HORMEL

JUSTRITY-HARVES'i TIME

MARHOEFER

MERIT

PREMIUM

PROTEN I

SPAM

SWEET SUE

SWIFT PREMIUM

TREET

Lo\11.0 & SHORTENING:

AAMIX

JEWEL

JUSTRITE-HAJM:ST TIME

KOPALD

MARHOEFER

SILVERLEAF

SNOWDRIFT

WESSON OIL

DAIRY PRODUCTS:

ADELPHIA

BLUE VALLEY

CASINO

CHEEZ WHIZ

CHURNGOLD

CLOVERBLOOM

DAN NON

DOLLY MADISON

FOREMOST

HOLLAND

HUMKO

KEYJ<O

KRAFT

LOUIS SHERRY

MEADOW GOLD

MIRACLE WHIP

MISS WISCONSIN

PARKA¥

P: ILADELPHIA CREAM CHEESE

SEAL TEST

VELVEETA

FLOUR, MEAL & GRITS:

AUNT JEMIMA

BEST OUT WEST

CABIN HOME

COSBY'S BEST

GOLDEN FLAKE

JIM DANDY

MOTHER'S BEST

PILLSBURY BEST HUNT'S GEBHARDT'S MEXICAN FOOD CENTURY VANAPLUS

UNCLE SAM MONARCH JANKER FRIS CLARK'S

WHITE TUUP · PRIDE OF THE FARM KOBEY' S POTATO PRODUCTS EXCELLO

SNIDER'S LA CHOY CHINESE FOOD FRUIT OF THE LOOM

MIXES: WHITE STAR TUNA MARIO'S SPANISH OLIVES HATHAWAY

APPIAN WAY PIZZA OHIO BLUE TIP MATCHES JAYSON

AUNT JEMIMA PICKLES & RELISHES:

SARAH LEE FROZEN FOODS MUNSINGWEAR

FIAI<O ALABAMA GIRL

SWEET A PARIS

PILLSBURY AMERICAN

SWEET-10 SHIRTCRAF'l'

CEREALS: BOND'S UNION SUGAR STATE-0-MAINE

CORN CHEX lADY GRACE VIGORO

VAN HEUSEN

MOTHER'S OATS LUTZ & SCHRAMM VARSITY

M~FE'l'S . RAINBO PET FOODS WREN

QUAKER OATS sol!IRE 'otNGrt ·· CAT CHOW

QUAKER P1JFFED WHEAT W1t'nTIEi.o DOG CHOW OUTERWEAR & SPORTSWE_l\R

qt!AKER PUFFED RICE DASH AIRM\N

jCOFFEE:

RIC!; CHEX KEN-L-BISKIT ARNOLD PALMER

~- . ... .; .....

wHthcih:x CArE VIVO . ARROW

KEN-t-RATION

FROMME'S FINEST KEN-L-BURGER

BOTANY 500

FOOD STUf.FS, GENERAL: GOLP STANDARD KEN-L-MEAL

DAN RIVER

BOOTH RED DIAMOND HOLlAND HOUSE KEN-L-TREATS

GORT Me LEED

BREYERS HOLLAND HOUSE IMPERIAL BLEND PARD

HAL JOSEPH

DAIRY PUSS 'N BOOTS

MARTIN OF CALIFORNIA

FULL-0-FLAVOR SYRUP: 'CLOTJ:!.lli,G, Mt:N'~ PARIS BELTS

GENTRY ALGA SOCKS: PURITAN

GIBBS FLINT RIVER ADLER ROBERT BRUCE

HAYDEN HOUSE GEORGIA RIBBON BACHELOR'S FRIEND TOPSAIL

KRAFT . PLOW BOY BAN-LON VAN HEUSEN

MARY KITCHEN RED HILL BURLINGTON'S WINDBREAKER

MINNESOTA

PRESERVES & JELLIES: ESQUIRE WORSTED-TEX

OCOMA INTERWOVEN LUTZ & SCHRAM TROUSERS:

PHILLIPS PHOENIX SQUIRE DINGEE CHAMP

QUAKER SUPP HOSE LANIER

RED TOP CANDY & CONFECTIONS: TOP BRASS LEESURES

RICHELIEU CLARK VIYELLA LEE RIDER

RUSTIC. HOLLOWAY CANDIES

SHASTA SHIRTS, T-SHIRTS, MAVERICK

MILK DUDS UNDERWEAR TOWN HOUSE

SIGNET RICHARDSON MINTS ARROW T-ROUSE: t)

THANK YOU MISCELLANEOUS BAN LON

WRANGLEr WOLF llRAND

BEECH-NUT BABY FOOD BLUESTONE

CANNED FOODS, CATSUP: EAGLE CHILI POWDER BIKE ATHLETIC WORK CLOTI!J:S:

SUPPORTERS BIG BEN

CHICKEN OF THE SEA FUNNY FACE DRINK l\1IX

BLUEBELL KAYSER GLOVES CAMPUS PANTIES DATEBOOK

CASEY JONES KAYSER LOUNGEWEAR CLARK FIOilRTUNET

FRUIT OF THE LOOM LADYBUG DELILAH HOLIDAYS

GREAT WESTERN LADY EXCELLO DOUBLE PL.I'.Y INGENUE

MAVERICK LADY HATHAWAY DOVE SKIN UNDIES JIFFIES SLIPPERS

NATIONAL MASTER LADY PURITAN DRESS SHAPERS DAY DING

SEDGEFIELD LADY VAN HEUSEN EXQUISITE FORM LAIRD SCHOBER

WRANGLER LADY WRANGLER FOREVER YOUNG MADEMOISELLE

MAGIC MOTION GLOVES FORMFIT/ RODGERS MANNEQUIN SHOES:

MORNING STAR- PAISLEY FREE-LIFT MERCURY SLIPPERS CEDAR CREST

NEN WORLD GOOD NEWS NEOLITE SOLES FLAGG

PEPPERTREE HICKORY I MILLER FORT UNE

SARONG GLOVES HOLLYWOOD VASSARETTE· MILLERKINS FRANK BROS

SP LASH KAYSER VALENTINE HARDY

TANNER OF NO RTH LS GANT VOGUE HAWKEYE CAROLINA

LILYETTE JARMAN THE V!Ll..I\GER CLOTHING. CHILDREN'S

LIT'l'tE FIBBER JOHNSTON & MURPHY WRANGLER CLOTHING & TOYS:

LITTLE GODIVA NEOLITE SOLES YOUNG IDEAS ARROW • LITTLE WISPS OF WOW STATLER HOISERY: CARNEGIE

MAGIC LADY

' W L DOUGLAS ARTCfV\FT KAYSER

.Ql&THING. WOM_EJi:.2, NIGHT SHAPERS

BALLET MOJUD PERM A-LIFT

SKIRTS, BLOUSES , DRESSES, CAM EO NAZARETH SPORTSWE!IR: PLI\YTEX CLAUSSNER S!IRONG ACTIONWEAR PLAYTEX NURSER FLI NG TOPPER TOYS AILEEN RUN-A-ROUN FKUIT OF THE LOOM WESTERN ROLLER SKATES

A' NR JR SILF SKIN HATTIE CARNEGIE

ARROW IRONWE!IR

SPANDEX SHOES:

BAN CORA STA-UP-TOP ACROBAT KAYSER

BAN-LON STRETCHBRA NEOLITE SOLES

Me CALLU M CATALINA TOMORROW NUMBER 26

MOJUD COLE OF CALIFORNL!I VANITY PARADE MAJORETTE

NORTH MONT COS COB

PHOENIX VANITY FAIR PARTY-GOERS

COTESBURY VENUS PLAYMATES SA PP HIRE

COUNTRY JUNIOR WARNER'S S'<YRIDER SCHAPPERELL!

L>AN RlVER WARNER'S BODY STOCKING STORY-BOOK SLE NDERELLA

EVERGLAZE SUPP HOSE

WARNER' S MERRY WIDOW WELLINGTON

HARBOR ROAD WARNERETTE FABRICS & DRY GOODS

LUCERN UNDERCLOTHI NG: WISP ON ACRILAN

JACK WINTER A'LURE AMERICAN BAMBE RG

JASON CLASSIC SHOES:

BEAU SURE BARBOUR'S THREAD

JEANIES COVE~ GIRL

THE BIG NOTHING BEAR BRAND

JUDY BOND CHRISTIAN DIOR

BIRTHDAY SUI~ BLUE-C

7 BOTANY BAND AID KLEENEX GENERAL ELECTRIC

BUCILLA • BAUER & BLACK KRAFT BAGS WESTINGHOUSE

CAP ROLAN BI-PHASE LILY CUPS _G .:JNSUM--'.!LMISGELI.!'>Nj:_Q]l.§

CHEMSTRAND BLUE JAY FOOT PRODS MULTI-PAK SOFT CIGARS:

CONDOTTI CONf'IDETS DRINK CONTAINER~

CIGARILLO NORTHERN

DAN RIVER COTTON SEWING ITEMS CINCO OLIN SACKS

DRI-DON CURAD FLO R- DE- MELBA SCOT-'l'ISSUE

DUNE DUCK CURITY DIAPERS FORUM SCOT TOWELS

FLEISHER FEMS GARCIA Y VEGA SCOTTIES

GALEY & FORD FERRANIA SPA PHOTO SOFT-WEVE/

PHILLIES

GOLDMEAL THREAD FIBS PRINCE HAMLET WALDORF

GRAND VINO ISODETTES ROYALIST WA>crg_

GREENWOOD FABRICS ISO DINE ELECTRIC APPLIANCES: RUSKIN

INDIAN HEAD JOHNSON'S BABY PRODS AIRTEMP TOM MOORE

INWOOD KOTAMS AMPEX WEBSTER

KANT STRAND KOTEX ARVIN SPORTS EQUIPMENT:

KLOPMAN 1.1\ MAWR COSMETICS BROXODENT CADDY CAR

LOWENSTEIN MICRIN GENERAL ELECTRIC '

• KADDIE KART MAGNOLIA ORTHO-NOVUM LAUNDROMAT

' RENAULD OF FRANCE

MONARCH SANEK BARBER & BEAUTY PHILCO SUNGLASSES PRODUCTS

MONOSTRETCH REVERE-WOLLEN SACK 'lEA SKI SUN LAMPS SCOTCH TAPE

NORTHCOOL VYCRON SPEED QUEEN ::;ARDEN EQUIPMENT:

SCOTCHGARD OCEANIC TOAST MASTER DIXIE LAWN MOWERS,

SCOTCH LITE BARBEQUE GRILLS PACIFIC TROPIC AIRE SCOTCHPAK GARDEN PRIDE MOWERS, PEERLESS

WESTINGHOUSE BARBEQUE GRILLS

SAN TOW AX PEPPERELL GERING REINFORCED

6-12 REPELLANT LINENS: GARDEN HOSE

RAEFORD SPECTROCIN

DAN RIVER SUPPLEX LAWN HOSE RASCHEL KNIT

SQUIBB FAIRFAX

RED HAND THREAD LUGGAGE: STERI-PAD

RYMPLECLOTH FURIT OF THE LOor.·

JI.MELIA EARHART TELFA

SI\NFORIZED DENDALL

LADY BALTIMORE VI GRAN

SANFORIZED-PLUS LADY PEPPERELL

HOUSEtlQ.IJ2..mlEPL!!a_ MARTEX OTHER:

SIGNATURE PAPER PRODUCTS: PEQUOT BRUCE FLOORWAX &

SKINNER BONDWARE CLEANERS

lJARPETS: TAMARA CUT-RITE ECUSTA CIGARETTE PAPERS

LEES WAMSUTTA DELSEY EVEREADY BATTERIES

RICRAC WEBRIL DIXIE CUP FAMILY PI.I\CEMATS

NEEDLETUFT WINKLER KNIT DUR-A-LUG LONG BELL CABINETS

CABIN CRAFT WRINKL-SHED EXCELL-O PAK MILK RICHELIEU COSTUME JEWELHY

.QB.~.LOR£ PRO~ CONTAINERS

P0vVER TOOLS: TARN I- SHIELD TARNISH

FACE-ELLE REMOVER ACE COMBS

DISKCROME GOLDEN PINE SACKS WINCHESTER FIREARMS

ARREST IN DISSTON

CARDINAL FOOD STORES

EAGLE FOOD CENTERS

S H KRESS & CO

LAWSON MILK CO

QUALITY GOOD STORES

ROYAL BLUE FOOD STORES

lQ..AliQ_QMJ'_Jllilj:_S_

CITIZENS LOAN CORP

CIT'{ LO~ & SAVINGS (OHIO)

COMMERCIAL CREDIT CO

MASTER LOAN SERVICE INC

NORTH CENTRAL FINANCE CORP

UNIVERSAL FINANCE CO

RKO PICTURES & THEATRES

PETROLEU M PRODUCTS:

CHEVRO N

f< P M DELO

~ : ;,;:rh : :. D OiL STi,T!O :\S in .:111 s tutes c xccnt the io llowin g : Colo-,W, in d , !~J. n, L), :\ !ich , \ : inn, \: o , :.: o nt, :\ cb, c\ 'Ju l;, Oklu, S :)uk, \ \ .isc, \Vyo .

TE NNECO

AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS:

ARVIN

ARVIN YL

EVEREADY

FRAM

ILCO

LOCKWOOD

MALLORY

MO PAR PARTS

PI\ ESTONE

THER~.10ID

I TIRES:

GOODRIC H

GOODYEAR

8

TYREX TIRE CORD

AUTOMOBILES:

CHRYSLER

CONTINENTAL

DART

DODGE

FALCON

FRUEHAI,JF TRUCKS · & TRAILERS

SNO-BRITE

UNION

WATERVLIET

WAYLITE

WHIP PIT

TYPEWRITERS:

ROYAL-Me BEE

ROYAL ELECT.RIC

ROYTYPE' " , ~: ... : · -r~ .... ;· . ~--.<··~·?-: IMPERIAL

LINCOLN ,

I\1EMCURY

OFFICE EQUIPMENT: · . ; •

MUSTANG

PLYMOUTH

SIMCA

THUNDERBIRD

VALIANT

MOBILE HOMES:

EMBASSY

GREAT LAKES

VAGABOND

VAN DYKE

VICEROY

PAPER & STATIONERY:

ACTION PAPER

BURGESS

BUCKEYE- BECKETT

COAST

COCKLE STONE

DEE PLAKE

HAMM ERMILL

INTERNATIONAL BOND

MANAGEMENT BOND

NATION'S

OLD COLONY

SOUTH SHORE

SPRINGlHLL

STRATHMORE

' . . ,i . · . . ~ . COLE . .. ; .. MONROE

MONROLOT

MONROE SWEDA

THERMO-fAX

VIDEO-f,JLE .

VOICE WRITER

llli?.Y_SJJi~~~l'.PJ..~~

AMERIPOL

BAKELITE

BUTLER BUILDINGS

DELTA STAR

DURA CRIMP

DURA WELD

FLOR•DUCT

IMP LEX

MARKSMAN

MONOPANL

MODULAR WALL

ORONITE

PARAPLEX

PLEXI-GLAS

POLYMER PLASTICS

ROLL BAND

SCOTCHCAST

SCOTCHLITE

SCOTCHLOK

SCOTCHRAP

;•t,

,'

SURFACE RAC&WAY

3 1\4 ABRASIVES '

TUFFAK '

TURFIBER

VCRSA ,CRIMP

WORTHINGTON

GU!!J?I!jQ.~.YJ'J'LI,!;§

WALLGOARD, BRICK, TILE:

Duf1;AsAN :',

;te~:.·Pt;L.' , : ';,'. · • ' : ~ : ~l, ' . ::f· •

9Arbk~;dR.I.P ~:< .. . ' .. ·~· . ·~·· , ,.::. ~ :::~: · ~~ > • .. .

OOLJ> UONQ' 5 ·

HYDRO .CRAFT

KAISCR r[BCR llOARP

DAI~ER GYPS UM I'QARD L '' ::t : :·. ~ ' f .-. ;J.' ·~.

~1~RiiALOW "' ,

NATCO '

NATCO PG!iT

NORMAj'J & STANDARD

SISAL!( RAFT

STARCOR

TEXCOR

UNIWALL FACING

VITRITILE

WOOD ROCK

FLOORING:

BRUCE DURA-WOOD

BRUCE HARDWOOD

KOROSEAL TILE

RUGEROID TILE

RANC H PI.'<.NK

PAINT:

IJ T S

NCW VELVET SUPREME

CEMENT:

ALPHA

CYCLEWELD

HIGH EARLY

KAISER CE MENT

LEHIGH

LONE STAR

PROTI.ANO CEMENT

FAJ3~1_ §.Yj'j'_L]~§

EQU IPMENT & CHEMICALS:

A·C

ALLIS-CHALMERS

BUSH HOG

FORD

EZEE FLOW

FARM EQU!P M£NT

NEW IDEA

OLIN CHEMICALS

ORTHO CHE MICALS

LrJESTOCK FEEDS:

AMAPOLll

CABIN HOME

FUL-0-PEP

JIM DANDY

NIXON

PURINA CHOW

RED HAT

UNC LE 3AM

WAYNE

lU

<tongrrssional1Rrcord PROCEEDINGS AND DEDATES Ol' TilE .89th CONGRESS, fiRST SESSION

Vol. Ill WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, APRIL 8, 1965 No. 63

House of Representatives

ALABAMA BOYCOTT

<Mr. NIX <at the request of Mr. GoNZALEz) was granted permission to ex­tend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous mat­ter.>

Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, In these days when Dr. Martin Luther King is being criticized for his expressed intention to push the Alabama boycott, let- it be clearly understood that I fully agree with him, that I will lend any and all aid to him, and that I applaud his courage and ingenuity.

These kindly souls who deplore this boycott say they arP. fearful that the ad­mitted slight gains in Negro-white rela­tions might be destroyed, they say the good and decent white people of Alabama who are timidly beginning to favor Negro demands will be discouraged and will again retire to the sidelines. To these timid souls, I say that you are in effect saying to Dr. King, to the Negroes engaged in a great and just social revolu­tion that they are moving too fast-that they must walk softly-thdt time and more time must be given to the whites of Alabama.

Mr. Speaker, these detractors, these objectors, do not say that the boycott fs lllegal, they do not say that the boycott violates the moral law, they C'> not say that this act wfll bring hardship to the innocent. U they mean that hardship will come to the Negroes of Alabama, the answer is let It come. No suffering can match the suffering that has been endured in the past and is being endured now by th~ Negroes of Alabama.

If they mean that the good white peo­ple of Alabama will suffer, then let these good nnd moral people become militant and articulute tn the cause of justice. Let them denounce the bombers. Let them lift the curtain of silence behind which their brutal police hide. Let them repudiate the union which has made them brother to the murderer, the op­pressor, the disseminator of false racial· doctrii.les_ Let them face the fact that

there are not two Gods--one for the white~. and one for the Negroes, and that these Gods require a diiTerent church for each. Let them demand and get 1cquality in registration in voting before 'the law.

In Ehort, let them cleanse their min..is of blind and unreasoned prejudice. Let them cast out their distorted moral value~: and revert to the true and eternal

.value~ governing mankind. Wh~n that time comes even the people

of Alabama will readily see that in this month of April 1965, the 358th year of Neg-ro oppression in America, it is more than reasonable for Dr. Martin Luther King to voice the demands of the Ne­groes of Alabama to:

Fint. Call upon industries and busi­nesses to abandon any plans for expand­ing in Alabama-and if there are no result:;.

Sec,Jnd. Ask private institutions, churches, and labor unions to reexamine placement of pension fund.:; in Alabama for investment.

Third. Ask the U.S. Government to withdraw U.S. tax dollars from Alabama banks.

Fourth. Consumer boycott against speciflc products.

Mr. Speaker, I conclude by reminding the Members of this House of Repre­sentatives, the critics of Dr. King and the good people of Alabama that meeting t.he simple conditions listed below will eliminate this boycott.

These conditions are: Fir:;t. An end to the poll tax in all

electi·Jns. Second. Allow voter registration at

times convenient to working people-­<ntghts and weekends).

Third. Appointment of Negroes to pol­tcymnking positions on State boards and agencies.

Fourth. Stop police brutality, and as­sure equal protection before the law for all ci tlzens.

Fifth. Repudiation of the practice of using inflammatory racist utterance in polit1cal statements.

'

TJIR \VALL STIU~ET JOUR~AL. FRIDAY. APRIL 9, 1161

Lesson Fron1 Selma • • • • • •

HanamermiU Lear~ Firms Can.'t A l'Zooy . .; Avoid Race Conflict ----·---

. By I'ETt:ll R. KA Nfll ERIE, Pa.-'nle racial upbeaftl Ill Ieima

hal created a lei'IMI lllde drama Ulat bokla u Important Jeuor, for Nortllem a.u.lneumn eyein' expanaioo Jlroapeela In the loutb.

HammcrmiU l'aper Co.. bued ben oa the ahoreJ of LaJ<e Erie, made a aeemlftCiy mncontroverslal decision In Ma7, 11M, to buUd a $30 million pulp plant Ill Ieima. aco ceptq eome tax conc:eulona and ptllne 80JIM oUier conunitmenta frvaa ltate .......

cal IOftmment officlala In ~ -. ..., the company Ia one of tbe ae.. Martin Lu­ther Kine'• key target& for a ~ ol 1ft. duatrlal expanalon In the atata &lld alreacl7 facea a poulble boycott of 1t11 product& na­Uonally by eollege atudenta 111pport1nc He­rro demands.

The leMOn would seem to be that a comrany accepting some of the a.ld South· em politlclana are offering to attract new lnduatry had better be wary of the. pool· ble atrings attached. And in light of the grow· ing demands integrationists are maklnc oa bualneasmen In the South. the racial altuatlon had better be e0111ldered carefully aJonc with economic factora In choollnr a alte.

For HammermUI, the choice of Ieima wu made on the usual economic poundl and quite obviOUBiy withoUt ·any Utoucht the eompany could become Involved In any broad racial dispute. Unlike many of Ita compeU. tors, Hammermlll owna no 80ftwood pulp mill and COI1aequently depends on open mar­ket purchases for Ita supply. Seeking to change this, the eompany began an Invest!· gatlon of poaslble plant sites In nine South­em staLa In early 1963. Selma was chosen because It offered the best combination of purchasable land, softwood timber supply and water resources, according to Hammer· mill President John Devitt.

Hammermill, state and Selma officials then worked together on plans for the new plant. The state Water Control Board ex· amined and approved Hammermlll'a plana for waste disposal. Tax benefits, amounting to a 50% deduction in property taxes, were offered and accepted. Financing was ar­ranged through a revenue bond issued by the Industrial Development Board 01 Selma·, an arrangement under which Selma will build the plant and lease it to Hammermill. The state agreed to build Selma a new bridge to accommodate expected Increased traffic .

The company didn't discuss race prob· lems or employment practices with the state and local government officials. "The dis­cussions were confined to economic lasues; we were relieved that the race question was not Involved," says Mr. Devitt. Hammer­mill executives, however, aay they sought advice from "knowledgeable Southemen" on the race Issue. The companr didn't seek advice from ~gro teadc~. who might have tipped them oU on potential problema In Sel· ma. '

ter of the communltr all't Ita people." He waa further quoted aa telling Gov. Walhce, "We appreciAte the fine ;tob ynu are clninc for ~ state." Mr. Devitt "·as quoted u aayinc, "We think Selma- and Alabama·-ol· fer everything an Industry c~ould want. ••

Hammermlll officials contertd now that all their statement& at the conference 1Were made In an economic cootext.. "They -re moat decidedly not dlneted at the mores o1 the society or m,..ant u aoctoJocical lm· plication& or fact. about the comaaunl~y." declare& M:r. Devitt.

But newapaper reporta of the preu t»n· ference touched off bitter bluta from dvil rights Jeadera. Dr. Spike called the confer· ence, "either the height of naivete or the depth of racism," and uld he would nrce some 30 national church group~ to "reex· amine their purchaaing pollclea In relation to Hammermlll producta."

Wire From Wilkins Roy Wilkina, president of the NAACP,

uld In a publicly released telegram to H.tm· mermtU : "Unleas your plans have prog· reued beyond the point where you can change we urge you to cancel the project to build a mill In Selma. . . . By loeatinJ: In Selma Hammermlll Ia approving alld belp­lng to underwrite wholesale dtaenlranchtae­ment baaed on race and color." Mr. Wil· lUna said that If HammermiU could not pull out, it ahould ial1le a "firm atatement that there ·wtu be no racial discrimination In any category of joba or In the u.e of any facllltea in your plant." A amilar wire waa sent to Hammermill by James Fanner, national ell· rector of CORE.

In replies to Mr. Wilkins and Mr. Jl'ar· mer, Hammermill affirmed Ita intention to proceed with the mill. The company atre~sed a statement Mr. Leslie had made at the Montgomery press conference: "Hammer· mill has been built on individual entcrp1ise, respect for the rights of others, law and or· der. These are the fundamentals of our civil· izatlon and the foundation of our homes." The company promised the civil rights lnad­ers it would make no distinction among l!m· ployes or job applicants other than on the basis of abili~, and said it intended to <:on­tribute to the "economic health" of Selma.

"The response wa:o not considered anffl· cient," says an official of the NAACP. A second telegram was dispatched by Mr. Wil· klns .on·-March 9, the day after Selma NE"grtl marchers were dispersed with tear gas and clubs: "Are you not proud Ulllt Hammennlll Paper Oo., by building a new plant in Sel­ma, will be helping to support the Wallace .tonn trooper lclnd of government?"

Request From Wallace One seemingly minor string wa11 Attached

to the state·.~~, C<O<>J'f'ratlon: In June, 1964, Gov· emor Wallace wrote llammermill requesting that If the company rll'cided to locale In Alabama It make the ortieial announcement with htm In a joint public pre~3 confl'r·

'''"'" · "Thill Willi a pl'rfl'dly natural rcqul'~t "'"I T g-:1\"e our commitment on it," ~ayll :\I r Tll'\'il t.

h J :munry, l!lM, with flnanr!al :mrl oth .• r ' ""~""ni:"E'ntcnls rompletcrl anrl lanrl option ~ . running out. Hammcrmill notifirrl the n.w­ernor that " thl' «-nrli«-st time for nn nn­nounremcnt woulrl be the Wl'l'k of ]f(' h. :1 . " Governor Wnllare replierl that Frh. J would be a fine rlay ilnrl it w;,s ' :;o ng-rl't~ rl. ThP prl's!l confcrent•e in l\lontg-onH•r·y woulrl h:rn• h<'<'n routinl' l"nmrg-h ("We havr :11mnurw('d nP:.rly $1 billion worth of new lntlustrv ~incc Governor Wallnce took · offire," ~~~~·,.· Prr"~ Recrctnry Bill .Jonell) hnd It not hrrn for• events In S<'lma.

While Hnmmcrmill wa" im·l'~lig-nlinJ:" !':rl­mll for It!! pulp poll'ntial, rivil rij!"hls lr:ul­er!l had been <'Xnminining itll potrntinl "" a civil rightll battlcgrounrl. They fount! n hill· lllry llfld pattr.m of Negro clis<'nfranchisl'· ment and a volatile sheriff, Jim Clark, who ··•mld be expecterl to RssiRt Negr·o prote!ltors in making headline" arounrl the world.

On Feb. 1 the Rev. Martin Luther I<in .~ announced, "We're going to turn Selmll up· 11ide down and Inside out In order · to make It rightside up."

On Feb. 2 the Rev. Mr. King llnd 270 fol· lowerR were · jailed during a voter regilltra· lion protest.

And on Feb. 3, while Selma MRyor Joseph Smitherman and other SelmA. political and buRines!l lcllders were In Montgomery heRr· lng Hammermlll announce ltll new plant, an· other 500 Negroes were jailed In Selma.

For Governor WallA.ce and the Selma leAders, under heavy fire for the Selma llr• ·est11, the timing of the press conference Nll!l Ideal. "One of the finest moment" of my !ldmlnlstratlon aa Governor," declared Mr. WallA.ce at the meeting. And a reporter At the 11cene later 11aid, "I've never seen \Val· lace so pleaaed with hlmseif." .

For Hammermlll the timing was · ~ldcd· ly awkward. "We were fenced In by our commlttment.'l and obligations," 11ays Mr. Devitt. But h~ concedes the company made no attempt to cancel the press conference, not A.nxious to appeiU' to be ducking any promise.

Civil rights leader11 comdder the timing an outrnge. "Olympian Indifference to the great struggle for equality now being 'carried on In Selma by Its Negro citizens." charged Dr. Robert W. Spike, executive director of the National Council ot Churches' Co-nmls· alon on Religion and Race.

There haa been considerable controversy between company and civil rlghta leaders over the context of statements made at the news conferenc~. Hammermtll Chairman James C. Leal'" waa ·quoted aa .&ytng that one of the deciding factors In HammermlU'I declatGn to locate In Selma wu "tile cbarac-

Stung by contmumg crltlcism, Hammer mill, on March 17, issued a strong state· mcnt which might have averted some of the attacks had It been issued on Feb. 3. Ham· mermill finally gave public notice of itE "deep concern with the denial of basic rights to Negroes In Alabama' and the Selma com­munity." The company specifically promised training programs open equally to Negroes and whites. Too, the company gave a rea· soned defense of Its position: ·

"We do not support or condone the In· justices which have occurred in Selma. How· <>vPr. a refusal by Hammermill to lor•.atc neilr

12 .Selma would not remove the problems which exist, nor would our absence from Alallfl~a advance civil liberties. To·the contrary, It Is our considered conviction that when Ham· ·mermlll becomes an employer in Alabama It wilt malte a major contribution toward improving ·economic ' and ·civic health of the communities a,ffectj!d by our activities. We will provide new job opportunities and eco­nomt.c stimulus to the central Alabama area which will benefit both Negro and 'white alike and will contribute to the long-term solution of the complex race relations problem in the South ....

~ This statement was more to the liking of at least some civil 'rights leaders. "They have responded; If they follow through on their promises I will be very satisfied," com· mented Dr. Spike, who says the church boy· cott will be dropped. The NAACP and CORE. issued no further attacks on the company.

Plea From King Hqwever, Hammermlll waa . recently Pin·

gled out by the Rev. Mr. King in his call for cancellation of Industrial expansion plans In Alabama, the first stage of his proposed boy· colt of the state. The Rev. Andrew Young executive director of Dr. King's Southe~ Christian Leadership Conference, says Ham· mermlll should put Immediate pressure on Alaban'la and Selma officials "to protect the political and physical lives of Negroes or we will not support Hammermlll's econ~mlc · life."

The Rev. Mr. Young says his organlza· tlon can put pre89ure on Hammermill ~hrough union and college boycotts of Ham· mermill products and by staging demonstra· lions In front of Hammermlll's Northetn plants. Also, the militant Student Nonvfolent Coodlnating Committee (SNCC) says It's pro­ceeding with- plans for a nationwide college boycott of Hammermlll products. ·

Too, the drama may have a rather long second act. Civil rights leaders stress that they will keep a sharp eye for any evfdence o_f unfair hiring,. training or promotion prac· bees during construction of the plant and after operations begin In 1967. They contend. Northern companies generally are naive about the problem~ they'll face in the South.

"Again and again Northern lndu11try goes South and because they have a good civil rights record in the North they believe, or want to beheve, that these policies will auto· matically work In the South, but local pat­terns work against them," in Dr. Spike's view.

" lt Is v«•ry, very dlfftcult for a company to be fair ttown here," s~ys e. Negro llhop­keeper in Selma. "The loc;l) whttes just w••n't let them. Even the state · employment. office isn't fair. It a company asks them to send Rome men out for lntervfE,WB for a good job, they send an whites."

Charles White, managu of the Cleveland Tabl" Co. plant near Selma, ~<ays his plant mP':.talns R 50-50 ratio between white and Negro employes, but "all the other planta In town discriminate against the colored."

Hammermlll, of course, could hardly have been expected to for·esee what waa to happen In Selma when It made Its . purely economic decision to locate there. · But Ita experience might save others from stum­bling innocently Into a slmllar situation. For much aa companlea may prefer not to play a lsadlng role ·m. the racial attuatlon. .. vcta can make thla lmpollible •.