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"Emerging Disruptive Technologies to 3G"
Gregory S. Yovanof, Ph.D.“Broadband Wireless & Sensors Networks”
Athens Information Technology e-mail: [email protected], Tel: +30 210 668-2772
ASTEL Conference 2006: " Technology Convergence & Innovations "
19 -20 April 2006, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia
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Agenda
Key trends in the Converged Telecom IndustryThe rise of Broadband MobileFixed Mobile Convergence (FMC)
Redefining the Wireless Metro-Area NetworkBroadband Cellular: The 3G & the Road AheadWiMAX: What is the Opportunity?
Emerging Disruptive InnovationsMetro-scale WiFi Mesh Networks (WiMAX, WiFi), Cellular/WLAN integration Voice over IP over WiFi
Summary - Conclusions
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Key Trends in TelecomICT Industry Convergence between computing, communications & content
The major drivers for which are the: “Digital economy” and the “Knowledge society”
Examples: The Internet, Voice over IP (VoIP), IP Telephony
Convergence of the Infrastructure & the CPEPSTN & Mobile Telephony - Growth in mobile penetration PCs no longer the only broadband drivers since new handset devices make a splash
Convergence in Enterprise CommunicationsIntegrated Enterprise Communications Infrastructure
Converged mobile mail and enterprise data servicesMobile enterprises have competitive and productivity advantages
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Key Challenges
Broadband Wireless is the Future!
Broadband and Mobility together is a huge challenge!
The goal - Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) (a.k.a death of Fixed)
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Fixed Mobile ConvergenceFMC
Fixed/Mobile Convergence (FMC) is among the latest and most widely used buzzwords in the wireless and wireline industries
Grounded in IP convergence
It can be viewed as:
“… An end-to-end service environment where enterprise and personal solutions - voice, video, data and rich media - are managed and delivered on a secure IP based infrastructure, comprising the integration of devices, networks, applications and operations support.”
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How to get there - Elements of FMC
Applications/Capabilities
Data, voice, video, multimedia
One contact list, calendar and voice mail
Single sign-on, multiple devices and applications
Centralized presence status (online, busy, offline) for all applications and devices
Mobile phone#
Identity ConvergenceIdentity Convergence
IM
SMS/MMS
Fixed phone#
User ID#
In-C
allSeamless
Wireline
Cellular
WLAN - WiFi
WMAN - WiMAX
Handoff
Network ConvergenceNetwork Convergence
Device ConvergenceDevice Convergence
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FMC Driver: Integrated Enterprise Communications Infrastructure
Web ContentCommunications Data
Enterprise DataDirectory Data
Application Data
Any Data(to which the user is entitled)
Over Any Radio Network
PANs, LANs, CANs, MANs, WANs
GSM, CDMA, TDMA, PCS,GPRS, PDC, WLAN, 3G UWB
etc…...
To Any Device
Wireless & Mobility Key Enablers for the Real-time Enterprise
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Connectivity Everywhere, Much Of It Through Wireless
Personal-area networks
Satellite networks, GPS
WANs
Metro broadband
networks
Home networks
Cable replacement, room networks
Sensor networks
P2P networks
Campus networks
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The Future of Wireless -Drivers of Growth
Increased demand for more bandwidth (at the office and home)
Broadband Wireless Internet Access
Increasing need for user mobility
Seamless Connectivity for All, to Anything, from Anywhere at Anytime
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NGN Architecture: Moving Towards An All-IP Infrastructure
Multiparty multimedia communicationsFor mobile nodes and networks (PAN, LAN)
With secure seamless mobilityBetween access systems of same and different kinds
Within and between administrative domainsAcross personal, home, car and enterprise spaces
IPv6-basedNetworking
Source: WWRF, Book-of-Vision v1.1
IP Core
EnhancedApplications
IntegratedNetworking
Support
Integrated RadioResource/Spectrum
Management DABDVB
WLAN3G/2G
OtherAccess Nets
4G
AdministrativeDomain Internet
IPv4 IPv6
AdministrativeDomain 2
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WWAN WMAN WLAN WPAN
3G3GWCDMAWCDMAEDGEEDGEGPRSGPRS
CDMA2000CDMA20001xeV-DO1xeV-DOHSDPAHSDPA
WiMAXWiMAX802.16802.16
Hot zoneHot zone
Wi-FiWi-Fi802.11802.11
Hot SpotHot Spot
UWBUWBandand
BluetoothBluetooth
Wireless Market -The Big Picture
SensorSensorRFIDRFIDTAGsTAGs
802.15.4802.15.4ZigbeeZigbee
****
Wireless Technologies Will Co-Exist The Result: Optimal connectivity
SensingNFC
Smart Spaces
Cable-Replacement
Data SyncConsumer El.
Data, VoiceWireless Internet
Infostations
Last-Mile AccessBackhaul
BB Multimedia
Voice, DataMessagingRich Media
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Convergence Trends in the Market Positioning of Wireless Technologies
Range
Pea
k D
ata
Rat
e
Closer Farther
Slo
wer
Fas
ter
UWB
Home RF
Wireless Data Applications
Sources: WRH + Co, SPS
Wireless Video Applications
IrDA
802.11g
802.11b
802.11a
2.5G/3G
ZigBee
Bluetooth
WiMAX
802.22
Wireless VoIP Applications
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Mobile Network Evolution
Broadband MobileCommunication
EnhancedMultimedia Services
with fullroaming through
different networks
WidebandAir I / F
Bandwidthon Demand
Seamless ServicesFDD/TDD
WLAN/BroadcastATM/IP based
networks
GSM Ph 2+IN
HSCSDGPRSCamel
VoiceData
GSM Ph 2Micro BTSDual BandHalf Rate
3G BeyondMass Market
GSMbasic services/
network optimisation
New BusinessOpportunities
EnhancedServices
GSMGSM 2+ and
IntelligentNetworks (IN)
MultimediaMobile
.
Communication
3. Generation Introduction
4. GenerationFuture Wireless
Coverage/Capacity
All IP-networks
Interworking ofAccess systems
Service demandsfrom 100 Mb/s(high mobility)up to 1 Gb/s(low mobility)
Peer to PeerNetwork Computing
3G is here!!!3G is here!!!
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3G Evolution
Source: NOKIA
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3G Evolution towards 4G
?
MBWA(Wide Area)
UMTS(Dense)
HSDPA/HSUPA
4GOFDM*MIMO
2Mb/s2Mb/s
70 Mb/s70 Mb/s
15+ Mb/s15+ Mb/s
14.4 Mb/s14.4 Mb/s
WiFi(Local Area) 50 - 100 50 - 100
Mb/s?Mb/s?
UMTS(Wide Area)
2003 2004 2006 2008
384 kb/s384 kb/s
3G 3G + MBWA 4G
* OFDM : Orthogonal FDM
11 - 54 Mb/s11 - 54 Mb/s
Theoretical max data rates depend on radio conditions &/or system options e.g. bandwidth.Time scales are approximate/illustrative.The terms 3G+, Evolved 3G, Super 3G, Beyond 3G, 4G etc are not officially defined.
WiMax?
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WiMAX
WiMAX - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WiMAX is an interoperability specification for 802.16-2004 – fixed point-to-multipoint (P2M or P-to-MP) WMAN technologyMobility extensions defined in 802.16e-2005
Today’s WiMAX products are for FWA applications only!!!
WiMAX is based on a subset of IEEE 802.16-2004 (formerly 802.16a Rev d)
Technology: 256 QAM/OFDM2.5 and 3.5 GHz. licensed bands; 5 GHz. UnlicensedGoals are $250 "set top" box; $100 PC Card (FWA)To 70 Mbps and 50-60 miles (difficult to achieve)
More likely: xDSL/T1 speeds over a few kilometers40+ Mbps possible in some fixed applications
Big investment in VLSI by Intel and others
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Service provider Support for WiMAX is Growing
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What is WiMAX bringing?
Improved business case for broadband wireless access
Standards based interoperability for lower equipment costs
Reduced investment risk for operators
Complements LAN & WAN wireless solutionsCan backhaul other technologies (e.g. Wi-Fi hotspots)
Can add broadband data capacity to mobile networks
Range of deployment scenariosRural, suburban, urban
Enterprise, small business, residential
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The WiMAX rollout driven by an industry consortium led by Intel
Data Rate
Mobility
Fixed WiMAX IEEE 802.16d2005
Mobile WiMAX IEEE 802.16e2007?
SOC Available
Standard Maturing
Portable WiMAXNomadic WiMAX IEEE 802.16d/e2006?
Standard Maturing
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WiMAX in Mobile PCs: Closing the Value Gap
TC
OT
CO
Cellular Data
The Visionenable cost effective Broadband Anywhere
AnywhereAnywhereHome & Home & WorkWork CoverageCoverage Places I can connect
Places I’m at[ ]
3G
2.5G
Private WLAN
Public
WLAN
Work
Home
Hot
spot
s
Hotzo
nes
WiMAX
802.16e
Licensed
Unlicensed
MetroMetro
WiMAX can close the gap:WiMAX can close the gap:
• Open standardsOpen standards• Support for Unlicensed bandsSupport for Unlicensed bands• Data centricData centric
Spotty WLAN coverage
Optimizing on the pause
BB usage
WiMAX can bring “Almost Anywhere data connectivity” with Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees!!!
TCO: Total Cost of Ownership
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Disruptive Technology
Disruptive Technologies*Simple, cheap, more convenient to useFast technological progressTarget lower performance markets Commercialized in emerging marketSubsequently become performance competitive against established products
Successful, well-run, well established companies lose markets, when they fail to differentiate between sustaining & disruptive technologies
* Clayton M. Christensen, “The Innovator’s Dilemma,” 1997
timep
erfo
rman
ce
market (UMTS?)rupture (P
-WLAN?)
New replaces old technology
Old Technology Market
Market for new technology
disruptive
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The Wireless Hype Cycle
Copyright © 2003As of Q3 2003
Trough ofDisillusionment
Slope ofEnlightenment
Plateau ofProductivity
Maturity
Peak of Inflated
Expectations
Wireless Web ( Portals/ASP’s)
802.11b
Enhanced/Web Phones
P2P Bluetooth
Visibility
Wireless Voice
X
Key:Will reach the “plateau” in:
Less than two years
Two to five years
Five to 10 yearsX
Mobile Location Services
Wireless Streaming Video
Wireless ApplicationGateways
2G Network Capability
3G Network Capability
Mobile Java/J2ME
Mobile Financial Services
GPRS
WiFi Hotspots
VoIP
1xRTT/CDMA2000 1X
WAP
802.11a
Personal Domain
X 4G
XIPv6
XMulti Channel App Gateways
E911
BREW
X
UWB X
MMS
Adhoc Networking
X
Wireless E-mail
SMS
X SW Defined Radio
Wireless PDA/Smart phones
BluetoothNetworking
TechnologyTrigger
Mesh Networks
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Disruptive Technologies Targeting the Cellular Market
Public-WLANs
Hotspots & Metro-scale WiFi
Mesh Networks
Hot-Zones (WiMAX & WiFi, 3G, …)
Voice over IP over WiFi - VoWiFi
Broadband Wireless IP Telephony
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Metro-scale WiFi
The idea – use Wi-Fi meshes to rapidly deploy outdoor services over a large geographic area
Origins: Metricom’s Ricochet (mid-1990s)
Economics now allow for residential services in suburbia
But most emphasis remains on high-density areas and government services
Metro-scale WiFi - The Technology
High-volume, low cost, low margin
Based on off-the-shelf consumer Wi-Fi adapters
Not “carrier class” service
Disruptive to MNOs/MVNOs?
City-wide “Hot Zones”
Already deployed in some smaller cities (mainly, in the US)
Big cities preparing to deploy soon
Public safety a major driver, “digital divide” another
Near-term threat and opportunity for MNOs/MVNOs
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Public Wi-Fi Access HotZones
Park
Library
CoffeeShop
Local WISP Deploy multiple HotSpots on the same mesh network to create a unified HotZone
Source: Ike Nassi, Firetide, Inc.
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WiFi Hotspots - A Major Growth Area
Leading providers, T-Mobile, Boingo, Wayport Access, Megabeam (UK)
Service by subscription or open (e.g., hereUare)
Important partnerships developing
T-Mobile / Starbucks (subscription)Cometa / McDonalds (open)Megabeam / Holiday Inn (open)
Valid 3G alternative for portable services
Ubiquity of 802.11 interface - being built into new laptopsUnbeatably low equipment costsLow capitalization, no incremental spectrum
12,647 Wi-Fi access points in New York City, Summer 2002
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Global Public WLAN Growth
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
10,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
50,000
2,000
42,000
Source: Instat/MDR 5/02
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Consumer Users
Business Users
U.S
. P
ub
lic
WL
AN
Us
ers
(M
)
Glo
ba
l H
ot
Sp
ot
Lo
ca
tio
ns
Source: Yankee Group 11/02
UsersLocations
30k
5.6M
$82
$217
$830
$495
$1,636
$9$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Source: Yankee Group 11/02
Public WLAN Service Revenue Growth (USA)
Public WLAN Service Revenue Growth (USA)
Denmark 571
Finland 10
France 827
Germany 5618
Ireland 72
Norway 117
Sweden 87
UK 1985
No. of Hotspots in EU
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Unlicensed Mesh Networking
Leveraging the unlicensed bands of 802.11, mesh technology can deliver high bandwidth at an order of magnitude lower cost than existing cellular technologies.
Mesh architecture permits the extension of wireless coverage to areas that do not have cabling infrastructure.
In these situations, mesh access points integrate with existing WLAN access points to extend Wi-Fi coverage to areas not readily accessible by cables.
The IEEE 802.11s Working Group has formed a study group to explore establishing an industry-recognized standard for wireless mesh networking.
Self-Organizing Neighborhood Wireless Mesh Networks(Source: Microsoft Research)
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Metro-scale Wi-Fi Deployments
San Mateo, California deployed 3 mile Wi-Fi hot-zone for police officers
No interference issues reported after one year of use
Meets California Law Enforcement Telecommunications (CLETS) standards for security and reliability
Athens, GA (Home to University of Georgia) deployed a downtown network earlier this year
Public partnership between city-county government and Government Agencies
Published “Wi-Fi Clouds and Zones: A Survey of Municipal Wireless Initiatives” report available at www.muniwireless.com
Source: Lt. Wayne Hoss, SMPD
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City-Wide Wi-Fi in Chaska, MN
City operated, 16 square mile coverage area
Public safety, low-cost residential broadband service
7500 homes passed, 1100 pre-registered
200 cells, <$500,000 CapEx
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Public-WLAN & 3G Integration
WLAN - 3G Cellular Integration using Mobile-IP
P-WLAN is becoming a mobile business complementing 2G, 3G services
Combined WLAN/GPRS terminals are available (e.g., Nokia D211)
Global Roaming is of paramount importance to the success of the service
Other key features:
Mobile-IP, Voice over IP
Security
Wireless ISP Global Roaming
Seamless Interworking (3GPP working group, I-WLAN)Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA)
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Emerging Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN)
Meshes are the most important architectural innovation in wireless networks today
Reduced requirement for backhaul
But more backhaul is always desirable
Reduced installation expense
Cover even an entire city in minimal time
Simple incremental growth – more nodes, more radios per node
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Interworking: WiMAX, WiFi, 3G
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Cost Performance Comparison
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VoFi –VoFi –Voice over IP over Voice over IP over
Wi-FiWi-Fi
Broadband Services: Voice over IP (VoIP)
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Broadband (IP) Telephony
Broadband telephony is speech/voice that is packaged and transmitted partly or entirely over IP-based networks
Broadband telephony is the sum of:Voice Over IPInternet telephonyRelated value-added services
IP-Telephony requires a broadband connection
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VoIP Changes TelecommVoIP changes everything !
The growing popularity of VoIP triggers the demand for IP based access and changes the landscape of telecomm
3G products are compatible with traditional circuit based PSTN and PSMN, while 4G may only need to support VoIP with gateway and gatekeeper separately purchased
IP Based Voice Network
Circuit BasedVoice Network(PSTN)
VoIP To PSTN Gateway
POTS Phones Cellular Phones
Circuit BasedCellular Network(PSMN)
VoIP toPSMN Gateway
PC to Phones
POTSPhones
VoIPTerminal
VoIPFixed Phones
VoIPMobile Phones
IP Based Voice Network
Circuit BasedVoice Network(PSTN)
VoIP To PSTN Gateway
POTS Phones Cellular Phones
Circuit BasedCellular Network(PSMN)
VoIP toPSMN Gateway
PC to Phones
POTSPhones
VoIPTerminal
VoIPFixed Phones
VoIPMobile Phones
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VoFi – Everywhere, All the Time
Voice over IP over WiFi: Becoming a reality in 2006 - Following more general Cellular and WiFi convergence trends
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VoFi - Early Commercial Availability
There are operators already offering commercial VoWiFi services such as
Phone Systems in France
TeliPhone in North America,
NTT DoCoMo in Japan
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Equipment Manufacturer Plans
Mobile phonesMotorola has announced plans to integrate Skype software in WiFi and Cellular capable handsets
Skype Technologies and i-mate, a PDA manufacturer announced the first wireless mobile handsets preloaded with Skype software.
Other manufacturers including Nokia and Sony Ericsson have made announcements for dual capable mobile phones
Residential VoIP
Vonage offers WiFi enabled handsets for use with Linksys access point/routers installed in home
SmartphonesMobile smartphone’s / PDA’s are making a slow progression towards dual capable mobile access for WiFi and cellular networks access.
General availability of multi-network enabled devices e.g. Bluetooth, WiFi, EDGE, + GPS etc. expected in 1Q07
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Apple to launch iPhone
March 29, 2006: Visiongain believes that the next product to be released by Apple is the much-rumored "iPhone". The Apple -branded mobile phone is likely to debut this spring with the launch of Helio - a US mobile virtual network operator (MVNO), formed by EarthLink and SK Telecom at an estimated cost of $440 million.
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Intel’s Mobile VoIP Project
5,000-worker campus that encompasses Wi-Fi within the company and Wi-Fi/3G/WiMAX in the wide area.
"Open questions" regarding mobile VoIP includeQoS, roaming and security; and,
How do you secure something that crosses multiple networks?
Intel and ZTE have announced plans to jointly launch WiMAX service in China (1Q06)
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Strategic Challenges to MobileThe threat for mobile operators is that the cellular traffic generated indoors could be cannibalized by third parties' voice over WLAN applications.
A significant and growing percentage of cellular voice calls are generated in environments where there is or soon will be WiFi coverage.
This includes Metro, Local Area as well as the Enterprise Campus
VoWiFi is probably not going to reshape the mobile market in the short term, but it can pose great challenges to mobile market players in the future.
Mobile operators to limit the impact of WiFi phones by:Controlling the specifications of their handsets so that their customers cannot bypass their network Implementing their own WiFi/cellular solutions, and providing seamless mobility to their own customers.This is also an opportunity for mobile operators to reduce network costs, as the use of the WiFi network to carry indoor voice traffic will reduce the load on the cellular infrastructureAdopting voice tariff strategies that reduce customers' interest in adopting VoWiFi services from other providers.
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In Summary - Disruptive Technologies Targeting the Cellular Market
Public-WLANs - Hotspots & Metro-scale WiFiFeatures: 802.11a/b/g technology, 54 MbpsValue Proposition: True Broadband access, nomadic servicesIssues: ISP roaming, billing; Limited area, low mobility
Mesh Networks - Hot-Zones (WiMAX & WiFi)Features: 802.16a (WiMAX), up to 70 Mbps or, 802.11b/g (neighborhood network) up to 54 MbpsValue Proposition: Broadband Access, Service ContinuityIssues: ISP roaming, billing; Low mobility support
Voice over IP (Internet Telephony) over WiFi - VoWiFiFeatures: Data Network, IPv6, SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)Value Proposition: Cheap, Global Unique Number/AddressIssues: Low Quality (difficult to guarantee QoS - requires a broadband connection)
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Summary - MBWAWide-area BWA is here today
HSDPA/HSUPA provides best option in the short termWiMAX well suited for FWA (Last-mile solution) - 802.16e will offer true Nomadic Services BWA (when ready)The big challenges may be financial and subscriber-unit related
Mobility is the killer-app for Broadband Wireless Access Mobile voice is well-established (rapidly replacing wireline)Mobile multimedia data is becoming more important
But, competition is significantly more brutal here …Metro-scale WLANs, Mesh networks, … 4G(?)Multi-technology solutions will predominate - Issues related to the real-time, QoS provisioning can be addressed but never perfectlyBusiness model for competing in this field is currently unclear
Disruptive technologies are fighting their way into the market - Innovation continues!!!
![Networking Algorithms Mani Srivastava UCLA [Project: Dynamic Sensor Nets (ISI-East)]](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/5697bf791a28abf838c8262b/networking-algorithms-mani-srivastava-ucla-project-dynamic-sensor-nets-isi-east.jpg)
