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February 2005 Modern Steel Construction
The AISC Steel Solutions Centeranswers thousands of
technicalquestions every year concern-ing structural steel design
andconstruction. For the most part,
the questions are based on AISC Specifica-tion provisions or
design recommenda-tions found in the AISC Manual. But then,there
are a variety of questions withanswers that cant be found in those
twoimportant publications.
Fortunately, AISCs Design Guide pub-lications offer an abundance
of designinformation on topics too broad for theSpecification or
Manual. Common designquestions, such as how to account forshear in
column anchorages, or when touse slip-critical bolted joints,
areaddressed in AISC design guides.
AISC design guides provide compre-hensive guidance on
specialized technicaltopics relevant to structural steel design,and
they are authored by recognized indus-try experts. They can be
ordered throughthe AISC web site at www.aisc.org/book-store, or by
calling 800.644.2400. All AISCmembers have free access to
AISCsePubs web site, www.aisc.org/epubs,where they can instantly
download elec-tronic copies of AISC design guides anytime,
anywhere. A brief summary of eachdesign guide follows.
Design Guide 1:Column Base Plates
The AISC LRFD Manual of Steel Con-struction addresses the most
commoncase for column anchorage design axialcompression. What to do
if you also needto design for uplift, overturning moment,or shear?
Thats where Design Guide 1comes to the rescue. The guide
discussesproper methods for column base shearresistance,
suggestions for sizing plate
washers, and excellent recommendationsfrom the experts.
A second edition of Design Guide 1 isscheduled to be published
later in 2005. Itwill address the new OSHA erectionrequirements
that distinguish betweenposts and columns, as well as discuss
baseplate details pertaining to analysisassumptions of pin and
fixed columnanchorage, anchor rod pretension, contractdocuments,
double-nutted anchorage con-figurations without grout and their
design,regular and shear holes, fatigue, high-seis-mic design,
applicable limit states, andbase plate design examples.
Design Guide 2:Steel and Composite Beams with WebOpenings
Design Guide 2 offers thorough guid-ance for the design of beams
with circularor rectangular openings in their webs.Included in the
design guide are LRFDand ASD design procedures for theeffects of
holes subjected to momentand/or shear. Most importantly, theguide
covers design cases for both com-posite and non-composite steel
beams,and includes a step-by-step procedure forchecking,
proportioning, and detailingbeam web openings and
reinforcement.
Design Guide 3:Serviceability Design Considerationsfor Steel
Buildings, 2nd Edition
Did you know that the recommendedmaximum vertical deflection for
anunderhung crane runway beam is L/450?Recommended maximum
serviceabilityvalues and considerations for a widerange of building
applications are dis-cussed in detail in Design Guide 3. Thisguide
contains several tables with recom-mended maximum serviceability
valuesfor roofing, skylight supports, cladding,
ceilings, partitions, and equipment. Theguide also presents the
latest revision toexisting vibration information due tohuman
activity and machines as it relatesto modal damping (a good
supplementto Design Guide 11: Floor Vibrations Due toHuman
Activity). The guide containsinformation on cambering beams andhow
deflection issues relate to the con-struction of concrete slabs.
Roof pondingcladding-structure interaction and mem-brane and metal
roofs are also addressed.
Design Guide 4:Extended End-Plate MomentConnections, 2nd
Edition
This second edition now addressesseismic and wind applications.
Itincludes design procedures and exam-ples for the four-bolt
extended stiffenedand unstiffened, as well as the
eight-boltextended stiffened, end-plate momentconnections. Users
will find that theguide contains a clarified designapproach to
seismic end-plate connectiondesign compared to the recommenda-tions
found in FEMA 350. The basis foreach design recommendation is
outlinedin detail and presented as a step-by-stepprocedure.
Connection limit states arediscussed in the guide to help
designersunderstand the principles behind thebehavior of extended
end-plate momentconnections.
Design Guide 5:Low- and Medium-Rise Steel Buildings
Agreat primer for designers involved inmulti-story designs,
Design Guide 5addresses many of the most common ques-tions
regarding the design of buildings. Theguide includes design rules
for economy,live load and bay size selection, compositefloors, open
web joist floors, wind loaddesign, and other associated design
topics.
AISC Design Guides
By Sergio Zoruba, Ph.D.
SteelWise
For many structural steel design challenges, AISC has a design
guide to help you through.
Making Life a Little Easier
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It also discusses floor load capacityenhancement, shored vs.
unshored con-struction, and underfloor duct systems.
Design Guide 6:Load and Resistance Factor Design ofW-Shapes
Encased in Concrete
Design Guide 6 contains more than 300pages of LRFD composite
beam-columndesign strength values. In addition, athorough
discussion of the use anddesign of composite columns is pre-sented,
covering practical design consid-erations, fire resistance,
longitudinal rein-forcing bar arrangement, ties,longitudinal
reinforcing bar splices, con-nection of steel beams to encased
wide-flange columns, shear connectors, baseplates, erection, and
temporary windbracing during composite frame con-struction.
Design Guide 7:Industrial Buildings, Roofs to
ColumnAnchorage
Design Guide 7 addresses all facets ofindustrial building design
and includes acomprehensive section on crane runwaydesign. Part I
covers owner-establisheddesign criteria, roof systems, roof
trusses,wall systems, framing schemes, bracingsystems, column
anchorage, and service-ability criteria. Part II concentrates on
thecomplete design of industrial buildingswith cranes and addresses
fatigue, roof,wall, framing and bracing systems, cranerunway girder
design, crane runway fab-rication/erection tolerances, and
columndesign. Stepped column design is alsodiscussed. A second
edition of DesignGuide 7 will be published later in 2005.
Design Guide 8:Partially Restrained CompositeConnections
Based on extensive research domesti-cally and abroad, Design
Guide 8 intro-duces design criteria for designing withPR-CC
connections. This approachaffords the designer the ability to
econo-mize beam sizes for gravity loading or toresist lateral loads
in unbraced frames.The guide contains several sections,including an
introduction to PR-CC con-nections, covers analysis,
moment-rota-tion curves, design procedures, andexamples. As a
bonus, the appendix con-tains a short but detailed discussion
ofstory sway calculations.
Design Guide 9:Torsional Analysis of Structural SteelMembers
An excellent introduction to the con-
cepts of torsion in open and closed cross-sections, this design
guide facilitates calcu-lations of torsional stresses and
establishes abasis for design. For open-sections such asW-shapes,
the normal and shear stressesdue to both pure and warping torsion
canbe calculated using the guide. In addition,channel and Z-shaped
open cross-sectionsare addressed, as well as closed cross-sec-tions
such as rectangular and round HSSand steel pipe. Several examples
and designcurves are included in the guide.
Design Guide 10:Erection Bracing of Low-RiseStructural Steel
Buildings
Design Guide 10 addresses both per-manent and temporary erection
bracing,including an important chapter on con-struction phase
loads. Topics addressedinclude column and column base
(withextensive discussions of potential failuremodes, including
fracture of fillet weldsbetween the two, bending failure of
baseplates, anchor rod rupture, buckling,pull, push-through, and
push-out), dis-cussions of tie members, beam to columnconnections,
and diaphragms. In addi-tion, wire rope diagonal bracing and
con-nections are covered, as well as design ofdeadmen.
Design Guide 11:Floor Vibrations Due to Human Activity
Did you know that people in officesand residences do not like
distinctly per-ceptible vibration, whereas people takingpart in an
activity will accept vibrationsapproximately 10 times greater?
DesignGuide 11 has an entire chapter devoted tohuman response to
floor motion, andaddresses both walking and rhythmicexcitations.
There is also a chapter thataddresses design for the effects of
vibra-tion on sensitive equipment. Special con-sideration for
determining the naturalfrequency of open-web steel joists andjoist
girders is included. Several designexamples are given, including
interioroffice bays, footbridges, and mezzanines.Remedial measures
are discussed indetail.
Design Guide 12:Modification of Existing Welded SteelMoment
Frames Connections forSeismic Design
Where would you look to find infor-mation for upgrading existing
seismicmoment connections? Simple. FEMA351/352 and Design Guide 12.
This designguide discusses strategies and solutionsfor the upgrade
of existing pre-Northridge
moment connections, including retrofitsolutions with a welded
haunch, boltedbracket, or reduced beam section (RBS).Based on
experimental results, recommen-dations for modification of
pre-North-ridge moment connections are presentedand discussed in
detail. In addition, theguide discusses practical considerationsfor
remedial work, such as removal andrestoration of building
finishes.
Design Guide 13:Stiffening of Wide-Flange Columns atMoment
Connections: Wind andSeismic Applications
Do you need guidance in designingcolumn stiffening for strong-
and weak-axis moment connections? Design Guide13 contains this
information and muchmore. The guide offers multiple exam-ples for
the proper design of transversestiffeners, web doubler plates and
diago-nal stiffeners. Detailed discussions areincluded on topics
such as unreinforcedcolumns, stiffness considerations,
forcetransfer and the economical selection ofcolumns. Also covered
are detailing rec-ommendations for special cases, such ascolumn
stiffening for beams of differingdepth and beam framing over
columns.The appendix includes design recom-mendations for weak-axis
moment con-nections, including research findings.
Design Guide 14:Staggered Truss Framing Systems
Originally developed in the 1960s,staggered truss framing
continues to be acompetitive framing configuration formid-rise
structures. Topics addressed inDesign Guide 14 include
diaphragmaction using hollow-core precast plankfloor slabs and the
design of truss mem-bers and connections in wind and low-seismic
applications (R = 3). Special topics such as mechanical design
consid-erations, plank leveling, erection, coordi-nation with
subcontractors, foundationoverturning and sliding, and
balconydesign are also covered.
Design Guide 15:AISC Rehabilitation and Retrofit Guide
If you periodically work in retrofittingold structural steel
buildings, then youdefinitely need Design Guide 15 and itsincluded
CD companion, the Shapes Data-base v3.1H. Design Guide 15 contains
over300 pages of historical information,including dimensional and
geometricalproperties of structural steel andwrought iron sections.
The yield and ten-sile strengths of structural steels, includ-
February 2005 Modern Steel Construction
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ing ASTM A7 and A9, are tabulated overthe past 100 years.
Allowable stress infor-mation for bolts, rivets, and welds overthe
past several decades are tabulatedThere are chapters dedicated to
the eval-uation and enhancement of existingstructural systems and
an appendix thatoutlines historical changes to the
AISCspecifications since their inception.
Design Guide 16:Flush and Extended Multiple-RowMoment End-Plate
Connections
This design guide covers two- andfour-bolted flush unstiffened,
and four-bolt stiffened moment end-plate connec-tions. This design
guide includes designexamples for multiple row and 1/3extended
unstiffened moment end-plateconnections, as well as the 1/3
stiffened ver-sion. For pre-engineered metal buildings,there is a
chapter dedicated to gable-framepanel-zone design. In addition,
designprocedures for using snug-tightened andpretensioned bolts are
addressed.
Design Guide 17:High Strength Bolts A Primer forStructural
Engineers
A must-have design guide on struc-tural bolting, this primer
assists engi-neers in understanding the basis of therequirements in
the RCSC Specification forStructural Joints Using ASTM A325 orA490
Bolts. The guide also includes achapter dedicated to the static
strength ofrivets, which can be invaluable for retro-fit work. The
guide addresses bolt instal-lation, inspection, behavior, and
design.In addition, specialized topics are cov-ered, including the
proper use of wash-ers, galvanized bolts, reuse of high-strength
bolts, joints with combined boltsand weld, and surface
coatings.
Design Guide 18:Steel-Framed Open-Deck ParkingStructures
Design Guide 18 addresses the designof steel parking structures
using fiveunique types of deck systems: cast-in-place reinforced
concrete, cast-in-placepost-tensioned slabs, precast double
tees,filigree systems, and hollow-core plank.Deck system design
parameters andframing systems are discussed in detail,including
design examples in LRFD andASD. In addition, there are several
chap-ters that examine mixed-use structures,fire protection
requirements, barriers andfacades, stairs and elevators, and
corro-sion protection for exposed steel in open-deck parking
structures.
Design Guide 19:Fire Resistance of Structural SteelFraming
Have you ever been confused by fireprotection requirements and
systems?This new design guide covers all facets ofstructural steel
fire resistance, includingbuilding code requirements,
thermalrestraint, rated designs, the standard firetest and fire
protection materials. There isample fire design information for
steelcolumns and associated fire protectionsystems and enclosures.
In addition, steelroof and floor systems, including steeltrusses,
are discussed and examplesgiven for determining the required
thick-ness of protection coatings. There is also achapter on
spray-applied fire resistivematerial testing and inspection, as
well asone on engineered fire protection.
Sergio Zoruba is a senior engineer inAISCs Steel Solutions
Center in Chicago.
February 2005 Modern Steel Construction
