Airport Lighting, Markings and Sign Systems

MSA 613 Airport Operation Safety

AC 150/5340-1KStandards for Airport Markings

AC 150/5340-18FStandards for Airport Sign Systems

AC 150/5340-30FDesign and Installation Details for Airport Visual Aids

Advisory Circular

What Are Markings, Lights, and Signs?

Markings Signs Lights

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Runway Markings

Runway Landing Designator Marking Runway Centerline Marking Runway Threshold Marking Runway Side Strip Marking Runway Aiming Point Marking Runway Touchdown Zone Marking Runway Displaced Threshold Marking Chevron Markings For Blast Pads, Stopways, and EMAS Holding Position Marking

WHITE

Runway Landing Designator Marking

Identifies a runway end Consists of a single number or two numbers When parallel runways exist, the number(s)

are further supplemented with a letter The whole number nearest the one-tenth of

the magnetic azimuth along the runway centerline

Runway Landing Designator Marking

two parallel runways: “18L,” “18R” three parallel runways: “9L,” “9C,” “9R” four parallel runways:

“32L,” “32R,” “33L,” “33R” five parallel runways: “13L,” “13R,” “14L,” “14C,”

“14R” or “14L,” “14R,” “13L,” “13C,” “13R” six parallel runways:

“8L,” “8C,” “8R,” “9L,” “9C,” “9R” seven parallel runways:

“8L,” “8C,” “8R,” “9L,” “9C,” “9R,” “10”

Runway Landing Designator Marking

Runway Centerline Marking

Identifies the physical center of the runway width

Provides alignment guidance to pilots during takeoff and landing operations

Consists of a line of uniformly spaced stripesand gaps and of uniform width

Centerline Marking

Runway Threshold Marking

Commences 20 feet (6 m) from the actual start point of runway threshold

Closely identifies the actual beginning point of the runway threshold used for landings

Consists of a pattern of longitudinal stripes Uniform dimensions spaced symmetrically

about the runway centerline

Threshold Marking

Runway Side Strip Marking

Provides enhanced visual contrast between the runway edge and the surrounding terrain or runway shoulders and delineates the width of suitable paved area for runway operations

Consists of two parallel stripes placed alongeach edge of the usable runway

Side Strip Marking

Runway Aiming Point Marking

Provides a visual aiming point for landingoperations

Consists of two conspicuous rectangular markings

located symmetrically on each side of the runway centerline

Aiming Point Marking

Runway Touchdown Zone Marking

Identifies the touchdown zone along a precision runway

Consists of symmetrically arranged pairs ofrectangular bars in groups of one, two, and three along the runway centerline

Runway Touchdown Zone Marking

Runway Displaced Threshold Marking

Includes a runway threshold bar andarrowheads with and without arrow shafts

Chevron Markings For Blast Pads, Stopways, and EMAS

Identifies paved blast pads, stopways, and EMAS in relation to the end of the runway

Holding Position Marking

Prevent aircraft and vehicles from entering into critical areas

Control traffic at the intersection of taxiways– PATTERN A – PATTERN B– PATTERN C

Holding Position Marking: Pattern A

Holding Position Marking: Pattern B

Holding Position Marking: Pattern C

SURFACE MARKINGS FOR TAXIWAYS

Taxiway Centerline Marking Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Marking Taxiway Edge Marking Taxiway Shoulder Marking

Taxiway Markings

YELLOW

Taxiway Centerline and Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Markings

Taxiway Centerline Marking Provides pilots continuous visual guidance to

permit taxiing along a designated pathEnhanced Taxiway Centerline Marking Provides supplemental visual cues to alert

pilots of an upcoming runway holding position marking (Pattern A)

Minimizing the potential for runway incursions

Taxiway Centerline and Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Markings

Taxiway Edge Marking

• Used to delineate the taxiway edge from the shoulder and to define the edge(s) of a taxi route

Taxiway Shoulder Marking

Identify shoulders that are not intended for use by aircraft

Signs

MANDATORY INSTRUCTION SIGNS LOCATION SIGNS BOUNDARY SIGNS DIRECTION SIGNS DESTINATION SIGNS RUNWAY DISTANCE REMAINING SIGNS INFORMATION SIGNS VEHICLE ROADWAY SIGNS

Mandatory Instruction Signs

WHITE inscription with a black outline on a RED background

Provide instructions that MUST BE OBEYED Denote – Taxiway/runway intersections – Runway/runway intersections – Instrument Landing System (ILS) critical areas– POFZ boundaries – Runway approach areas– CAT II/III operations areas– No entry areas

Mandatory Instruction Signs

Holding Position Sign for Taxiway/Runway Intersections

Mandatory Instruction Signs

Holding Position Sign for CAT II/III Operations

Mandatory Instruction Signs

No Entry Sign

Location Signs

Identify the taxiway or runway upon which the aircraft is located

A location sign has a YELLOW inscription with a yellow border on a BLACK background

Boundary Signs

Identify the boundary of the RSA/OFZ or ILS critical area

BLACK inscription on a YELLOW background

Direction Signs

Indicate directions of other taxiways leading out of an intersection.

BLACK inscriptions on a YELLOW background Contain ARROWs

Direction Signs

Taxiway Direction Sign

Destination Signs

BLACK inscription on a YELLOW background and always contains an arrow

Indicates the general direction to a remote location

Where taxiway location signs and direction signs alone would not adequately guide to the destination

Vehicle Roadway Signs

Information Signs

BLACK inscription on a YELLOW background, Provide special information – VOR Receiver Checkpoint Sign

Runway Distance Remaining Sign

Provide distance remaining information to pilots during takeoff and landing operations

The inscription is a WHITE numeral on a BLACK background

Taxiway Direction Signs and Taxiway Location Sign

Surface Painted Gate Destination Signs

Used, when necessary, to assist pilots in locating their assigned terminal gate

Lighting Systems

• Runway Edge Lights• Threshold/Runway End Lights• Stopway Edge Lights• Runway Centerline Lights• Touchdown Zone Lights • Taxiway Centerline lights• Taxiway Edge Lights• Stop Bars and Runway Guard Light• Airport Rotating Beacons• Approach Lighting Systems (ALS)• Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)

Runway Edge Lights

Runway edge lights emit WHITE light Except in the caution zone, (not applicable to

visual runways) which is the last 2,000 feet (610 m) of runway or one-half the runway length, whichever is less

In the caution zone, yellow lights are substituted for white lights

Runway Edge Lights

Threshold/Runway End Lights

Emit GREEN light outward from the runway Emit RED light toward the runway The green lights indicate the landing threshold

to landing aircraft The red lights indicate the end of the runway,

both landing and departing

Threshold/Runway End Lights

Stopway Edge Lights

The stopway edge lights emit unidirectional RED light in the takeoff direction of the runway

Runway Centerline Lights

Located along the runway centerline White light Alternating red and white lights are installed,

starting with red from 3,000 feet (900 m) to 1,000 feet (300 m) from the runway end, and red lights are installed in the last 1,000 foot (300 m) portion

Runway Centerline Lights

Touchdown Zone Lights

Consists of 2 rows of transverse light bars located symmetrically about the runway centerline

Each light bar consists of 3 unidirectional lights facing the landing threshold

Touchdown Zone Lighting

Taxiway Centerline lights

Provide taxi guidance between the runway and apron areas Taxiway centerline lights are GREEN

Taxiway Edge Lights

Define the lateral limits of the taxiway The taxiway edge lights emit blue light, and edge

reflectors reflect BLUE

Stop Bars and Runway Guard Light

Runway Guard Lights Provide a visual indication to anyone

approaching the runway holding position: unidirectional YELLOW lights

Stop Bars Provide a distinctive "stop" signal to anyone

approaching a runway: unidirectional in-pavement RED lights and an elevated red light on each side of the taxiway

Stop Bars and Runway Guard Light

Airport Rotating Beacons

Rotate the beacon to produce alternate CLEAR and GREEN flashes of light

The main purpose is to indicate the location of an airport

Approach Lighting Systems (ALS)

Provide visual information runway alignment, height perception, roll guidance, and horizon references

Depend on runway category

Approach Lighting Systems

Approach Lighting Systems

Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)

Provides visual approach slope information Provides a definite white and red light

projection pattern along the desired descent path to the touchdown point

Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)

Other Markings, Lights, and Signs

AC 150/5340-1KStandards for Airport Markings

AC 150/5340-18FStandards for Airport Sign Systems

AC 150/5340-30FDesign and Installation Details for Airport Visual Aids

Thank You