Aircraft parts

1st Lt. Jitka Müllerová

19.04.2023 1st Lt. Jitka Müllerová 2

Aircraft parts

Outline

• What is it an aircraft? Basic sorting

• Types of aircraft classification

• Basic parts

• Helicopters

Definition of aircraft

= machine, which is able to fly in the air using lift and/or thrust of engine;

Lighter than air – aerostatsballoon, airship=dirigible, sky lanterns;

Heavier than air – aerodynes (fixed vs. movable )- nonpowered(kites, paragliders, hang-gliders, gliders,)

- powered (racket, hang-glider, airplanes, helicopters, autogyro)

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Classification of aircraft

• Fighter• Bomber• Ground attack• Transport• Tanker• Trainer• Helicopter• Medical• Agriculture

Speed limits:• Supersonic• Transonic• Subsonic

Crew:• Single-seat• Two-seat

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Basic parts

5 main sections:

• Wings• Fuselage• Power unit• Undercarriage• Control surfaces

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Wings 1/2

1. Winglet

2. Low Speed Aileron

3. High Speed Aileron

4. Flap track fairing

5. Krüger flaps

6. Slats

7. Three slotted inner flaps

8. Three slotted outer flaps

9. Spoilers

10. Spoilers-Air brakes

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Wings 2/2

Main distinguishing features:

• Wing number

• Wing position

• Wing shape

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Wing number

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Monoplane

Biplane

Triplane

Wing position

• Low wing

• Mid wing

• High wing

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Wing shape

• Rectangular

• Tapered

• Double tapered

• Swept

• Delta

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Fuselage

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Power unit 1/4

= provides thrust needed to propel the aircraft in the air and on the ground

• Piston (propeller) engine• Turboprop (propeller turbine) engine• Jet (turbine) engine• Turbofan engine

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Power unit 2/4

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Power unit 3/4 On the wings

Close to the fuselage

On the wing pylons

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Rear mounted

Power unit 4/4 Single engine

Triple engine

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Twin engine

Multiple engine

Undercarriage

=landing gear (fixed vs. retractable)

Consists of:• Main landing gear• Nose wheel and/or tail wheel

Used for: manoeuvring during taxi, take-off and landing

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Control surfaces 1/2

• Ailerons

• Elevators

• Rudder

Controls:

Control stick (yoke), rudder pedals

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= components for stearing aircraft

Control surfaces 2/2

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HelicoptersFunctions:

• Attack helicopters• Reconnaissance and surveilance • CAS• Search and rescue• Operating under low conditions• Construction• Firefighting• Medical transport• Law enforcement• News and media

Stearing helicopter

• Cyclic• Collective• Anti-torque pedals• Throttle

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Helicopter rotors

Main rotor + tail rotor

Main rotor + anti torque controls

Tandem rotors

Coaxial rotor

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Sources

[1] JANOUŠ, Ivan a Theodore MIKRUT. English for IFR pilots: Učebnice anglického jazyka pro kvalifikaci IFR. Premisa, 1995.

[2] Air Operational English Course: Module 1 Aircraft and airfield terminology.

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

[4] https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_strana

Thank you for your attention!

Questions?