Aircraft Operation with Systems Failure.pdf

SIASA project

This project is funded by the European Union and implemented by EASA.

TE.GEN.00409-001

Aircraft Operation with Systems Failure

Yannick DUMOLLARD Aircraft Dispatch and MEL Expert Technology Evolution – Impact on Airworthiness 23-24 September 2014, Windhoek, Namibia

Aircraft Failure Monitoring

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At the initial design stage of an aircraft, identification of any potential failure and its consequence is made through:

Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA)

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

Analysis are done:

As a single failure

In combination with one or several other failures

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System failures which are monitored are reflected by maintenance message displayed by the Centralized Fault Display System (CFDS) or the Central Maintenance System (CMS)

Maintenance messages are classified according to their importance

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Depending on their consequence, system failure may require flight crew attention in the cockpit through the Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring (ECAM):

ECAM warning

ECAM caution

ECAM message (e.g. MAINTENANCE message on STATUS page)

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Additional attention getters are available in the cockpit

ECAM System Display

Advisory

Amber indication

Pushbutton caption light (FAULT, OFF, DISC, OVRD,…)

These attention getters are called “Cockpit Effect”

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A320 Family

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

Fault Message

Scheduled Maintenance

Refer to MMEL

Operational Consequences

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Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

Fault Message


Refer to MMEL


A330/A340

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CMS/CFDS Message Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

Operational Consequence

Yes No No

Effect Yes to Flight Crew Automatically displayed - Warning or caution - Message on ECAM display unit - Flag on PFD, ND or SD - Indication in the flight deck or in the cabin

Yes to Flight Crew Available on ECAM STATUS SD page

No effect: message Only to Maintenance

Dispatch Consequence Yes: Refer to MMEL GO/GO IF/NO GO

No GO without condition Repairs must be made : - Within 10 days for SA - Within 800 FH for LR

NO MMEL not applicable - No fix time quoted for corrections

Indication to Maintenance

AUTOMATIC PRINTOUT AT THE END OF EACH FLIGHT : Post Flight Report CFDS (Single Aisle) CMS (Long Range)

Yes, on request through CFDS/CMS CLASS 3 report

A320 Family A330 & A340 9


Class 1 & (2)

Class 3 Cabin Effect

Class 4 & 5

Fault Message


Refer to MMEL


Class 6

Class 4 becomes Class 1 after

defined operation time

A380

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CMS Cockpit items (Class 1) associated with a cockpit effect

CMS Cabin items (Class 3) associated with a cabin effect

Not MMEL relevant (not listed in the MMEL)

Dispatch is permitted

May be MEL relevant

Associated cockpit effect is the reference to enter the MMEL

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CMS Pending items with a timer (Class 4)

Before the end of the timer, fault message indicated on CMS only

Not MMEL relevant (not listed in the MMEL) Dispatch is permitted

When the timer expires, in addition to the fault message indicated on CMS, a generic ECAM alert appears

MAINTENANCE TIME LIMITED ITEM ENG 1 TIME LIMITED ITEM

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When the timer expires, dispatch is permitted under MMEL

All CMS Pending items with an expired timer must be repaired to clear the

ENG 1(2)(3)(4) (MAINTENANCE) TIME LIMITED ITEM alert

CMS Pending items with a timer (Class 4)

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CMS Pending items without timer (Class 5)



CMS Minor items (Class 6)



Note: Combination of CMS Pending items messages (without timer) may lead to CMS Cockpit items message, thus cockpit effect

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CMS Message Cockpit items Includes class 2 Class 1

Cabin items Class 3

Pending items with timer Class 4

Pending items without timer Class 5

Minor Items Class 6


Yes Maybe No No

No

Effect Yes for flight crew - Warning or caution - Message or flag on PFD, ND or SD - Other Indication in the flight deck or in the cabin

Yes for cabin crew - Indication in the cabin

No until the end of the timer: MAINTENANCE TIME

LIMITED or ENG TIME LIMITED ITEM

No

No

Dispatch Consequence

Yes: Refer to MMEL GO/GO IF/NO GO

Maybe covered in MEL

No Go without condition until timer expires + 20 days for MAINTENANCE TIME LIMITED or + 50fh for ENG TIME LIMITED ITEM alert

No MMEL not applicable - No fix time quoted for corrections


Post Flight Report on CMS

A380 15

Aircraft Failure Monitoring CMS Message COCKPIT CABIN MAINTENANCE

FAULTS WITH NO EFFECT


Yes Maybe No

Effect Yes for flight crew - Dispatch Message - Warning or caution - Message or flag on PFD, ND or SD - Other Indication in the flight deck or in the cabin

Yes for cabin crew - Indication in the cabin

Yes for maintenance crew

No effect

Dispatch Consequence

Yes: Refer to MMEL via the dispatch message GO/GO IF/NO GO

Maybe covered in MEL

May be covered in MMEL - No fix time quoted for corrections

No impact (not MMEL related)


Post Flight Report in CMS

A350 16

Aircraft Failure Scenario

From Technical Logbook entry

BRAKES RELEASED BRK 9/10 NORM RELEASED

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Consult MEL Entries Always consult MEL Entries to find the applicable CONDITION OF DISPATCH

Hyperlink from the CMS or e-logbook

Manual access to the MEL Entries section

Maintenance

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Consult MEL Entries Read all AIRCRAFT STATUS to find applicable CONDITION OF DISPATCH

Maintenance

Example

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Check MEL Item dispatch conditions From the MEL Entry, use hyperlink in the CONDITION OF DISPATCH column to access to the applicable MEL item

Maintenance Flight Dispatch

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Aircraft Failure Scenario For MEL items with several dispatch conditions titles are being introduced:

Guides Line Maintenance to determine the correct dispatch condition Helps Flight crew to accept the aircraft with the correct condition applied

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Check MEL Item dispatch conditions When applicable, use hyperlink and read the procedure:

Limitations: Performance impact, landing capability, fuel consumption increase, fuel uplift....

Checks to be performed Information on indications under MMEL

Maintenance Flight Dispatch

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• The impacts on flight planning and Load sheet are provided in the MMEL operational procedures:

Fuel consumption increase

Fuel uplift

Additional weight margin to compute TOW and takeoff data (speeds, flex

temperature...)

Impact on ZFWCG, TOCG

Cargo and cabin loading

Approach capability: CAT 1, CAT 2, CAT 3

Impact on RNP, RVSM, FANS

• There is no automatic link with performance or Load sheet application for the above impacts

Flight Dispatch

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Check MEL Item dispatch conditions When applicable, use hyperlink and apply the procedure

Electrical or physical deactivation Checks Specific refuel

Maintenance

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Report in Technical Logbook

Tick the applicable MEL item condition to pre-select the item in the e-logbook and for flight crew

32-42-03C

LEFT SIDE BRAKE

32-42-00-040-801

Maintenance

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As per Standard Operating Procedures

Preliminary Cockpit Preparation:

RCL pushbutton.......PRESS

F/CTL PRIM 1 FAULT

Flight Crew

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LOGBOOK CHECK:

MEL ITEM.....CHECK/NOTE

Flight Crew

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MEL ITEM....CHECK DISPATCH CONDITIONS

Flight Crew

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MEL ITEM....CHECK DISPATCH CONDITIONS Hyperlink from the LOGBOOK STATUS page

Manual access to the MEL Items section


Flight Crew

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MEL ITEM....CHECK DISPATCH CONDITIONS ECAM LIST pb permits to retrieve the MEL Entry

Flight Crew

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MEL ITEM....CHECK DISPATCH CONDITIONS When applicable, use hyperlink and read the procedure:

Checks to be performed Information on ECAM indications under MMEL

Flight Crew

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MEL ITEM.... ACTIVATE Tick the applicable MEL item condition to automatically update the Takeoff and Landing performance applications

Flight Crew

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MEL ITEM..............CHECK ACTIVATED

Check that Takeoff performance application is updated

Flight Crew

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Flight Crew can also manually add MEL item in Takeoff and Landing performance applications

Flight Crew

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Flight Crew Maintenance Flight Dispatch

Flight Crew

Maintenance

Flight Dispatch

Consult

MEL Entries

Check MEL

conditions & (o)

Perform (m)

Tech Logbook

MEL ITEM….CHECK

MEL ITEM….ACTIVATE

Maintenance

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SIASA project

This project is funded by the European Union and implemented by EASA.

End slide

Compliance to safety requirements considered at early stage of design phase

Optimized HMI for Maintainability and effective

dispatch

Documents

Aircraft Operation with Systems Failure.pdf