AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION,

SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS

CONSTRUCTION AIRCRAFT

AIRCRAFT BUILDING MATERIALS• Duralumin, which is an alloy of aluminum and other metals making it tough but lightweight, this is the main ingredient

of the

Fuselage and wings, some planes are made of compounds is carbon fiber with light resins, cheaper and without rivets.

• Materials basics:

- Alloy’s

- Resins

- Rivets

- Fibers

- Others

FACTORS CONSTRUCCION OF AIRCRAFT

• WEIGHT: ALWAYS PRESENT AND DECREASES AS THE AIRCRAFT SPENT FUEL, IS THE FORCE OF GRAVITY ON THE MACHINE AND PULLS TOWARDS THE EARTH, IS COUNTERACTED BY THE LIFT EXERTED BY THE WINGS.

• LIFT: IS THE FORCE EXERTED BY PLANES OR WINGS, THAT IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE AREA THEREOF, THE AIR DENSITY, TO THE RELATIVE SPEED OF THIS AND AT A LIFT COEFFICIENT WHICH IN TURN DEPENDS ON THE WING PROFILE (CALLED PROFILE AERODYNAMIC).

• DRAG: THE RESISTANCE THAT THE AIR AS THE PLANE MOVES, IT IS MORE EFFICIENT TO MINIMIZE FUEL CONSUMPTION AND SPEED

• THRUST: POWERED BY ENGINES, MAKES THE AIRPLANE OVERCOMES THE DRAG FORCE AND CAN MOVE.

AIRCRAFT DESIGN• MAKE THE DESIGN AND HOW EVERYTHING SHOULD GO ON THE AIRCRAFT.

EXAMPLE:

ASSEMBLY• ONCE THE DESIGNS ARE APPROVED, BUILDING PARTS ARE SENT TO TEST THEM INDEPENDENTLY SUBJECTING THEM

TO WEAR DECADES FOR ITS DURABILITY AND MAKE IT AS STRONG AS POSSIBLE.

• PARTS ARE BROUGHT FROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD.

• THE WINGS ARE OF A PLACE, OTHER TURBINES, THE TAIL OF THE FUSELAGE, NOSE, CENTER, REAR STABILIZERS, LANDING GEAR AND AN ASSEMBLY PROCESS THAT LASTS ABOUT ONE MONTH BEGINS

• FIRST: THE THREE PARTS OF THE FUSELAGE ARE JOINED, THE WINGS ARE PLACED, IS WIRED, ACCESSORIES, SEATS ARE PLACED.

•    FINISH: PAINTED, AND ALL AIRCRAFT MUST BE TESTED BEFORE BEING DELIVERED.

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

• AIRCRAFT FUEL SYSTEM

• THE WEIGHT OF THE FUEL IS A LARGE PERCENTAGE OF AN AIRCRAFT'S TOTAL WEIGHT, AND THE BALANCE OF THE AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT CHANGES AS THE FUEL IS USED. THESE CONDITIONS ADD TO THE COMPLEXITY OF THE DESIGN OF AN AIRCRAFT FUEL SYSTEM.

AIRCRAFT FUEL SYSTEM

• AVIATION GASOLINE GRADES

•GRAVITY-FEED FUEL SYSTEM TOR A FLOAT CARBURETOR

•GRAVITY-FEED SYSTEM FOR A FUEL-INJECTED ENGINE

•LOW-WING, SINGLE-ENGINE FUEL SYSTEM FOR A FLOAT CARBURETOR

•INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROLS

•FLIGHT ENGINEER'S PANEL

• FUEL SYSTEM INSTRUMENTS

• FUEL QUANTITY MEASURING SYSTEMS

• COMPUTERIZED FUEL SYSTEM

• FUEL PRESSURE WARNING SYSTEM

• SUPPORT OF FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS

• FIRE PROTECTION

FUEL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS• FUEL SYSTEM INDEPENDENCE.

• FUEL FLOW

• FLOW BETWEEN INTERCONNECTED TANKS

• FUEL SYSTEM HOT WEATHER OPERATION

• FUEL TANKS: GENERAL

• FUEL TANK TEST

• FUEL TANK INSTALLATION

• FUEL TANK EXPANSION SPACE

• FUEL TANK SUMP

• FUEL TANK VENTS AND CARBURETOR VAPOR VENT

• FUEL TANK OUTLET

• FUEL PUMPS

• FUEL VALVES AND CONTROLS

• FUEL STRAINER OR FILTER

• FUEL SYSTEM DRAINS

• FUEL JETTISONING SYSTEM

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

•HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS IN AIRCRAFT PROVIDE A MEANS FOR THE OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS.

• PURPOSES OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

• TYPES OF HYDRAULIC FLUID

• HYDRAULIC SYSTEM MAINTE NANCE PRACTICES.

LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

• THE LANDING GEAR ON AIRCRAFT MAY BE FIXED OR RETRACTABLE. A FIXED GEAR MAY BE WHEELS, FLOATS, OR SKIS; AND FOR AMPHIBIANS A COMBINATION OF FLOATS AND WHEELS.

• RETRACTABLE GEAR ON AIRCRAFT IS USUALLY OPERATED WITH HYDRAULIC OR ELECTRIC POWER, AL- THOUGH SOME MODELS OF LIGHT GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT HAVE MANUAL RETRACT SYSTEMS OPERATED BY A LEVER IN THE COCKPIT

AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS.

THE COMPONENTS ARE THE MAIN PLANE WE USE TO GIVE DIRECTION AND STABILITY TO THE AIRCRAFT.

MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE AIRCRAFT

• NOSE LANDING GEAR.

• THIS IS THE PRINCIPAL LANDING GEAR.

• PROPELLER.

• THIS USED TO PROPEL THE AIRCRAFT.

• POWER PACKAGE

• THIS USED TO DRIVE THE ENERGY IN THE AIRCRAFT

• OUTER WING

• AERODYNAMIC BODY STRUCTURE FORMED BY A VERY STRONG STRUCTURALLY

• AILEIRON.

• SURFACES ARE COMMAND AND CONTROL ARE AT THE ENDS OF THE WINGS OF THE AIRCRAFT.

• RUDDER.

• THIS IS USED TO CONTROL THE DIRECTION OF THE AIRCRAFT (LEFT AND RIGHT)

• ELEVATOR.

• THE ELEVATOR IS USED TO CONTROL THE ELEVATION OF THE AIRCRAFT (UP AND DOWN)

• HORIZONTAL STABILIZERS.

• ENSURE THE STABILITY AND COMFORT OF FLIGHT, FURTHER ENABLING THEIR CONTROL.