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Actual or potential employee exposure to airborne hazards
Scope of the Standard:
Definition of “Exposure”
The contact an employee has with a toxic substance, harmful physical agent or oxygen deficient condition, whether or not protection is provided by respirators or other personal protective equipment (PPE). Exposure can occur through various routes of entry, such as inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or skin absorption.
What does the standard require?
Evaluate employee exposure to airborne hazards
Protect them accordingly
Exposure Evaluations
Personal air monitoring Objective Data
Exposure Evaluations
Requirements:
Determine the physical form of the contaminant Use “breathing zone”, not area samples Don’t account for PPE worn when determining
exposure Consider potential emergency situations Include all factors typically associated with the activity Address extended work periods
Exposure Evaluations
Additive Health Effects:
When 2 or more chemicals have similar health effects, airborne exposures to these chemicals are considered to be additive.
Substance Target Organ / Health Effects
Toluene Eye and nose irritation;Central Nervous System
Xylene Eye and nose irritation;Central Nervous System
“Employee Protective Measures”
In the meantime, make sure employees are protected from potential hazardous exposures
Exposure Evaluations
Assume that the exposure is “IDLH”
What if exposure can’t be determined?
Exposure Controls
Use feasible exposure controls to reduce employee exposure to one of the following:
A level below the permissible exposure limits (PEL).
A level that removes the airborne hazard, when no PEL is established.
The lowest achievable level, when exposure cannot be reduced to below the PEL or the airborne hazard cannot be removed.
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
Regulatory Limits
Different types
Limitations
Biohazards
Table 3
PEL Table (excerpt)
AirborneContaminant
CAS TWA8 STEL Ceiling Skin
Ethylene glycol dinitrate
628-96-6 ---- 0.1 mg/m3 ---- X
Ethylene glycol monomethylether acetate
---- 5 ppm 10 ppm ---- X
Ethyleneimine(WAC 296-62-073)
151-56-4 ---- ---- ---- X
Ethylene oxide(WAC 296-855)
75-21-8 1 ppm 5 ppm ---- ----
Ethyl ether 60-29-7 400 ppm 500 ppm ---- ----
Hierarchy of Controls
Elimination Find a different way to accomplish a task
Substitution Use a different chemical to get the job done
Engineering Controls Through design, eliminate or reduce exposure
Administrative Controls Limit exposure timeUse safe work practices
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gear worn to reduce exposure at the receiver
Glutaraldehyde Elimination: Use of digital x-ray processors instead of
developing film with glutaraldehyde as a hardening agent
Substitution: Based on type of use and needs, alternatives such as hydrogen peroxide
Engineering Controls: Conducting activities in a lab fume hood
Administrative Controls: Arrange storage for transport over minimal distances
PPE: Gloves, goggles, lab coats, etc.
Exposure Controls
Make sure your exposure controls don’t create a hazard in and of themselves!
Substance- and Industry-Specific Standards
Formaldehyde (296-856) Ethylene Oxide (296-855) Laboratory (296-828)
Summary
Perform an evaluation– Notify employees of their exposure
Implement feasible controls
Follow the requirements in this and other standards
Consultation Services
Contact your local L&I office and ask for the consultation supervisor for help with this and other DOSH requirements.
You can also visit our website at:
www.lni.wa.gov