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Introduction• Erbas & Associates are a Multi‐disciplinary Building Services Consultancy.• Services include: Mechanical, Electrical, Hydraulic, Fire, Lifts, ESD,
Greenstar and NABERS• Offices in Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne & Manila
Introduction
Ken has over 33 years of mechanical services design experience in a wide range of Commercial, Residential, Hospitals, Laboratory, Education, Council, Government and Special Military projects.
During this time Ken has worked in many countries around the world including US, Germany and Turkey. In Australia, he held several senior positions as Chief Engineer and Associate in prestigious consulting companies.
Before We Start
• Who are the attendees here?• Coordination – “Do we coordinate?”• Some issues to discuss: Single versus three phase, essential and non essential, NCC Essential and/or Client Essential, start up current, location of the power, common mistakes, FIP and/or FFCP
Introduction
• Circuits and Cables• Power – there’s a lot of it about• Location, location, location• Control the Power• FIP• The Main Issue• Questions
Circuits and Cables
Phase
Neutral
Earth
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Neutral
Earth
Circuit Colours
Red
Black
Green/Yellow
Circuit Colours
Red
White
Blue
Black
Green/Yellow
Technical Info
Voltage – 230V
Freq’ncy – 50Hz
Technical Info
Voltage – 415V
Freq’ncy – 50Hz
Mech. Usage
Use for small equipment such as local extract fans, FCU’s, etc.
Mech. Usage
Use for large equipment such as AHU’s, Chillers, etc.
3 Phase Circuits
Single Phase Circuits
Note: ‐ Phase refers to the number of Live circuits required not the total number of cables, i.e. single phase supply has 3 cables and a 3 phase supply has 5 cables. These can be either single cores or multi core cables (see below).
Circuits and Cables
• Most cables are stranded not solid copper, this aids installation.
• A 3 phase cable ‐ 3 phases and a neutral cable, the earth cable is normally run separately as a single core cable but can be included in a multi core cable.
• Cables are sized dependent upon the load requirements and length of the circuit. This is why the electrical engineer needs to know power of the equipment you select.
• a 4 core 95mm cable (a fairly small cable) weighs 5300Kg/Km which translates to 5.3Kg/m,
Power – There’s a lot of it about
• Inductive loadsAn Inductive load has a lagging power factorAn inductive load is a real‐life mixed commercial loads consisting of lighting, heating, motors (including Fans and AHU’s) , transformers, etc.
• Capacitive loadsA Capacitive load has a leading power factor.These loads reflect electronic or non‐linear loads typical of telecommunications, computer or UPS industries.
FIPWhat is FIP? What is FFCP?
When is it required?
Where is it located?
What does it look like?
Is it connected to the Fire Brigade?
Which systems are connected?
All essential power and fire rated cables?
AS 1668 Part 1 – 1998 Section 4.13 – 4.16
The likely revisions to AS 1668.1 in the future
FIP
What is FIP? What is FFCP?FIP (Fire Indicator Panel) is a switchboard and it controls the fire mode operation automatically (fail safe) and manually. It also:
• Controls fans and dampers during fire mode (except for system shutdown)
• Provides manual controls to override automatic operation
• Indicates status of air handling equipment
FFCP (Fire Fans Control Panel) can be separate or combined with FIP.
When is it required?
For FIP: refer to National Construction CodePart E2‐ Smoke Hazard Management‐ Automatic Smoke Detection and Alarm System‐ Sprinkler System‐ Automatic Exhaust Systems‐ Zone Smoke Control System‐ Fire Isolated Exit Pressurisation Systems
For FFCP: refer to AS 1668.1, 1998 ‐ Section 4.13, Control and Indication‐ Required for car park systems where no FIP required‐ Combine with FIP
FIP
Where is it located?
‐ At the entry of the buildings
‐ In the Fire Control Room where buildings are over 25m or where Fire Control Rooms are located
‐ Instructions ‐ a set of instructions for starting, operating and stopping each air handling system to be displayed near FFCP
‐ Schematic diagram showing functional operating arrangement of each air handling unit shall be permanently displayed
‐ Equipment associated with a dedicated air pressurisation system may be located with the FIP or FFCP
FIP
What does it look like ‐ switches and indicators
FIP
• Fan Switch: On‐Auto‐Off
• Indicator – for each fan– Red: Fan running– Green: Fan stopped– Amber: Fan fault
• Damper switch: Fire‐auto‐non‐fire
• No indicators for dampers.
• All switches and indicators must be clearly labelled
Is it connected to the fire brigade?It is not a requirement. Most fire calls are due to false alarms.
Brigade use of FIP:‐ Generally do not need to use FFCP if the system is running in automatic and is responding
properly ‐ Stop a supply fan introducing smoke into non fire zone‐ Control pressurisation through damper operation‐ Start stair pressurisation fan that may have stoped due to false smoke alert‐ Control smoke spill fan‐ Stop exhaust fan drawing smoke in non fire zone‐ Assist clearing of smoke after fire
FIP
FIP
Which systems are connected?‐ Fire isolated exit pressurisation fans‐ Smoke dampers‐ Supply and exhaust fans working on fire alarms‐ Car park exhaust fans
All essential power and fire rated cables?‐ Yes, except car park‐ Car park exhaust system ‐ no need for fire rated cables
Likely Revisions to AS 1668.1
Disclaimer: Information presented here is taken from the AIRAH Seminar presented by Simon Hill (member of the Committee of AS 1668.1) at 24th of June 2014. These are being reviewed by the Committee and may or may not be included in the Standard.
The significant alterations:‐ Smoke detection and activation clauses shifted to AS 1670.1‐ Technical details of FFCP shifted to AS 1670.1‐ One standard on Smoke Control in Buildings. AS 1668.3 shifted to AS 1668.1‐ Test criteria sorted out for Exit Pressurisation in Class 2 and 3 buildings‐ Joint effort with ABCB so heater safety and duct requirements apply to all buildings‐ Existing clause on power supplies is reinforced: No fire rated cables and cable trays for essential
power in plantrooms
The Main Issue
The main thing that needs to happen is that we need to talk and design the buildings together.
We are not separate services. We design buildings so we need to work together with the rest of the design team to produce an outstanding result for our clients.