I jornada de ambiente da força aérea10th December 2010

Alan MELROSEEnvironment UnitEUROCONTROLalan.melrose@eurocontrol.int

The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation

Air Traffic Management and the Environment(aircraft operations)

Topics

•A General Perspective

•Example ATM Mitigation Initiatives

•Future Risks

Aircraft Related Impacts and Altitude

Local Air

Quality

Noise Climate

Change

Regional

AQ

Ground (0- 33ft)

Final Approach /

Climb out

Initial Descent /

Climb to cruise

Cruise

Fuel

Use

3000ft

~10,000ft

Cruise

~1,000ft

Tranquility

De-icing etc

Key European Legislation

• Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/EC)

• Noise Restrictions Directive Directive (balanced approach) (2002/30/EC)

• Air Quality Framework and Daughter Directives (96/62/EC)

• European Emissions Trading Scheme

• Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive (2001/42/EC)

• Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (85/337/EEC and 97/11/EC)

• Single European Sky Regulations

Why is ATM increasingly Important?

• The rate of aircraft technology improvement is slowing

• New technology to improve environmental performance will not arrive soon

• The industry is increasingly looking to ATM stakeholders to contribute

Aircraft Technology

Improvement

EnvironmentalImpact

Community Tolerance and

residential development

DemandGrowth

Present

time Regulation – etc etc

Conceptual Diagram of ATM efficiency

Contribution

Conceptual diagram showing ATM performance

Fuel Efficiency

time

True performance improvement over the base case

90%?(Great Circle)

95%?Target

Base case

Example ATM Improvements

Phase of Aircraft Operation

Departure Stand and Ground Movement

Reduced APU Use

Reduced taxi-time (A-CDM)

Reduced queuing

Engine out taxiing and towing

Flow- holding with engines off

Departure TMA

Airspace design & procedures

Track keeping accuracy

Continuous Climb

Departures

De-confliction

Preferred noise runway

Arrival Ground Movement and

Stand

Fixed Electrical Power

Advanced Surface Movement

Guidance and Control Systems

Engine out taxiing and towing

Reduced taxi-time

Reduced queuing

Advanced stand management

Arrival TMA

Airspace design & procedures

Reduce holding

Continuous Descent

Operations

Reduced vectoring

(controller tools)

Rwy allocation for min. taxi

times

De-confliction

En Route

Cost-effectiveness

Wind optimised routing

Advanced Flexible Use of Airspace

Optimum climb/descent profile

Optimum cruise levels

En-route speed control for orderly arrival in TMA (reduced holding)

Reducing diversions

BusinessTrajectory

Comparison of Average Delay per Movement (ATFM Only) at Amsterdam Airport

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Arrivals DeparturesEFP Case Study

CODA, 2000

During 15/9-2/10 closure runways 24, 19R & 19L for take-off. Resulted in 30-70% runway

capacity loss at 1 airport affecting the total ECAC ATM system

Local Impact versus System Impact?

Non ATM influencesPolluter Pays:- Airport Operator? Municipalities?

SESAR Environmental Workpackages

• WP 16.6.3 Transversal - supporting all other WPs

• WP 16.3.x Environment specific Wps:

• 16.3.1 Validation Framework• 16.3.2 Performance Indicators (and management)• 16.3.3 Interdependencies with other performance areas• 16.3.4 Options to Mitigate Environmental Risk• 16.3.6 Societal response to Aviation Environmental Issues• 16.3.7 Environmental regulations

• WP8 – System Wide Information Management (specific Environmental requirement)

Topics

•A General Perspective

•Example Mitigation Initiatives

•Future Risks

Collaborative Environmental Management (CEM)

“an airport environmental partnership”

www.eurocontrol.int/environment

CEM Protocol – levels 1-4

Pre Implementation

Local “External”

Interests

Local Operational

Teams (e.g. CDM)

Specialist Experts

Other CEM airports

EUROCONTROL

ACI-ACA

SESAR requirement and ESSI Objective

CEM is inwardly and business focussed….

• Delivering ENV Obligations – with communications through established channels

• Gaining external recognition for the environmental benefits of operational improvements at an Airport

• Joint priorities and plans - ‘voluntary’ environmental initiatives before announcement/commitment

• Unified external face - trust, stronger negotiation of permits, rules, limits and permission for growth etc

• Minimising Environmental Risk and Securing Growth -for a multi-business enterprise ‘the airport service partnership’

A business focussed activity

CEM Validation Progress

• 2010 first year of practical

implementation: CEM

guidance/concept validation

started - 3-7 airports wanted

CEM map= seriously considering= now implementing= claim CEM activity

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Continuous Descent Operations

(ECAC = Continuous Descent Approach)

www.eurocontrol.int/environment

CDA Concept

CDA

Establish on the ILS

“Conventional”

Extended low level segment

Distant Noise Benefit 1dB to 5dB

Benefit

Provision of Distance To Go (DTG)

DTG implicit

‘Procedure’Standard Arrival Route using Precision aReaNAVigation (P-RNAV)

DTG explicit

‘Radar’Approach

controllers offer estimate(s) of DTG

Percentage of CD achieved Altitude Capacity

From higher(Ideally Top of

Descent)

Ideal Hungry100%

5 to 10%

From loweraltitude

OK Lesshungry

60 to 80%

80%

In low traffic density

During busy periods

Profile

Mix of both is

best

Pilot technique not

an ATC procedure

CEM and CDA(CDO)

CEM and CDA(CDO)To access the map:To access the map:

1.1. Go to the EUROCONTROL website: Go to the EUROCONTROL website: www.eurocontrol.intwww.eurocontrol.int

2. Click on the button 2. Click on the button ‘‘Extranet LoginExtranet Login’’ at the top of the at the top of the pagepage

3. Once you have completed the registration process, (or 3. Once you have completed the registration process, (or if you are already registered on if you are already registered on ‘‘One One SklySkly teamsteams’’ ) ) --then forward your details to then forward your details to cda@eurocontrol.intcda@eurocontrol.int to be to be added to the list of recognised added to the list of recognised ‘‘CDA Map ToolCDA Map Tool’’ usersusers

4. Once you have been granted access to the CDA Map by the CDA team (which may take a few days) – then log-on to EUROCONTROL’s extranet ‘One Sky Teams’

5. The link ‘CDA map tool’ should now appear in your list of ‘Online Services’ at the left of the screen – this will take you to the CDA map

CDA and CEM Guidance

http://www.eurocontrol.int/environment/public/subsite_homepage/homepage.html

Flexible Use of Airspace

Source: Eurocontrol

Environmental Benefits

€180M945,000300,000315kg100kg

Bucharest

Manchester

Stockholm

CDA

€240M470,000150,000160kg/flight50kg/flightMunich

airport

Variable taxi

times

€108M570,000180,000ECAC-wide

2km route

extension

reductions

€360M1,890,000600,000ECAC-wideATFM

€102M535,000170,000ECAC-wideFlexible Use

of Airspace

€186M976,000310,000ECAC-wideRVSM

Potential

Fuel Cost

Savings at

€600/T

Potential

Network

Savings

CO2 (T)

Potential

Network

Savings

Fuel (T)

CO2

Savings

Fuel

SavingsLocationOperation

€180M945,000300,000315kg100kg

Bucharest

Manchester

Stockholm

CDA

€240M470,000150,000160kg/flight50kg/flightMunich

airport

Variable taxi

times

€108M570,000180,000ECAC-wide

2km route

extension

reductions

€360M1,890,000600,000ECAC-wideATFM

€102M535,000170,000ECAC-wideFlexible Use

of Airspace

€186M976,000310,000ECAC-wideRVSM

Potential

Fuel Cost

Savings at

€600/T

Potential

Network

Savings

CO2 (T)

Potential

Network

Savings

Fuel (T)

CO2

Savings

Fuel

SavingsLocationOperation

Delivered

In the pipeline

PortugalCDO Implementation

Free Route Airspace

Free Route Benefits

European Commission project“AIRE”

PortugalCDO

Topics

•A General Perspective

•Example Mitigation Initiatives

•Future Risks

Future ‘Hot’ Issues

• Peak Oil

• Climate Adaptation

http://www.icao.int/DevelopmentForum/Forum_08/Docs.htm

Avinor

http://www.eurocontrol.int/statfor/public/standard_page/Challenges_to_Growth.html