AIR SYSTEMS Air Traffic Control - Авиационное наблюдение …adsbradar.ru/sites/default/files/sdadsbax680e.pdf · 2012-04-06 · ADS−B Short Description Ed

ADS−B

Short Description

Ed. 07.10 ge

This document and the information disclosed herein are proprietary data of Thales Air Systems. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be reproduced, used or dis-closed to others without the written authorization of Thales Air Systems.

Ground Station AX 680 and RCMS

http://www.thalesgroup.com

Air Traffic ControlAIR SYSTEMS

RCMS

AX 680

Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast

Conventional NavaidsAIR SYSTEMS

1) Microsoft and MS−DOS are registered trademarks, WINDOWS is a trademark of the Microsoft Corporation. IBM is a registered trademark of the International Business Machines

Corporation. Pentium is a registered trademark of the Intel Corporation. All other mentioned product names may be trademarks of the respective manufacturers and must be

observed.

2) Despite of careful editing work technical inaccuracies and printing faults cannot be excluded in this publication. Change of text remains reserved without notification.

AX 680Short Description System Description

ADS−B

1−1Ed. 07.10

CHAPTER 1SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1.1 GENERAL

ADS−B is a data link application or principle thatmakes use of navigational data that are avail-able onboard an aircraft. Aircraft avionics per-manently determines the aircraft’s navigationalposition and movement vector. Most air trans-port aircraft are also equipped with a flight man-agement system that guides the aircraft alongwaypoints programmed by the pilot. The princi-ple of ADS−B refers to making this informationavailable by means of an automatic broadcastvia digital data link.

ADS−B is an acronym for Automatic DependentSurveillance Broadcast:

Automatic no human intervention requiredDependent the surveillance solution is not

determined by the observer, butprovided by the observed object

Surveillance data provided include position,velocity vector etc.

Broadcast transmitted without external trigger (e.g. interrogation)without any specific addressee

The broadcast information may be received andprocessed by other aircraft or ground systemsfor use in improved situational awareness, con-flict avoidance and airspace management.Three ADS−B data link technologies are emerg-ing as possible contenders − namely, UniversalAccess Transceiver (UAT), VHF Data Link (VDL)Mode 4 and 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (ModeS data link).

The International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) has recommended to use the 1090 MHz(Mode S) data link as global data link technol-ogy for ADS−B purposes. The other two datalinks are seen only for regional applications. Fig. 1−1 shows the system and its componentsin an example view.

ADS−B offers other advantages such as morefrequent update rates and the potential to con-vey aircraft derived data such as aircraft intentand avionics data. Fig. 1−2 shows the systemand its components in an example configurationfor Air−to−Ground applications.

ADS−B LAN A

RCMS 1

AX 680

Ground Network

RCMS 2

ADS−B LAN BADS−B LAN AADS−B LAN B

ATC−Center ATC−Center

GPS SatellitesAircraft, MODE S data

Ground Station DataADS−B operational data

Maintenance data

1090 ES SIS GPS SIS

ATCATC

ADS−B RX GPS RX

optional

AX 680

AX 680

AX 680

AX 680

AX 680

AX 680

AX 680

Fig. 1−1 System overview ADS−B configuration, example

AX 680System Description Short Description

ADS−B

1−2 Ed. 07.10

The ADS−B system serves the following bene-fits:

− Reduced Communication Congestion − Enhanced Situational Awareness and Safety

for Pilots− Reduced Taxi/Takeoff Delays− Expanded Surveillance, also on airport

surface − Reduced Cost

There are three kinds of ADS−B applicationsdefined as follows:

Air−to−Air Applications

Receiving the ADS−B data, the pilot is enabledto actually see other aircraft in his vicinity. ThisCockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) isthe basic technology which will enable the pilotto electronically "see and avoid" other aircraft ina largely passive mode. Independent of ground based radar CDTI willgreatly enhance pilot situational awareness andlead to safer and more efficient airspace opera-tions. ADS−B techniques can also enhancetraffic collision avoidance systems in the future.

Air−to−Ground Applications

ADS−B is able to provide surveillance data toAir traffic Controllers and or aircraft operations

facilities on the ground. An aircraft in flightbroadcasts its position, altitude, identification,and other pertinent information to ground sta-tions that relay this data to Air Traffic Control oraircraft operations facilities.

This information is used to effectively establishsurveillance in remote locations or extend oreven replace current surveillance capabilities.Air−to−Ground ADS−B can greatly assist con-trollers and aircraft operations facilities with air-space management.

Ground−to−Ground Applications

ADS−B provides accurate position and identifi-cation of aircraft and other equipped vehicles forairport surface surveillance. Aircraft and ve-hicles, if suitably equipped, broadcast informa-tion containing position, speed, heading andidentification to ground stations located aroundthe airport.

This information is relayed to air traffic control-lers and airport management facilities person-nel. Airport surface surveillance enhancedthrough the ADS−B Data Link application willlead to safer and more efficient airport surfaceoperations in all weather conditions.

GPS

INS

NAV

Altitude

Pilot Input

FMS

MessageGenerator

Example Data Sources

Transmitter

MessageProcessor Receiver

SituationAwareness

ASAS

Free Flight

Example Applications

Aircraft

ADS−B Avionics

MessageProcessor

Receiver

ADS−B Ground station

EnrouteSurveillance

Application n

A−SMGCS

ATC applications

ATC room

Aircraft

ADS−B Avionics

GPS

Mode S

Mode S

Fig. 1−2 ADS−B interaction with aircraft and ATC


ADS−B

1−3Ed. 07.10

1.2 SYSTEM COMPONENTS

A complete ADS−B system consists of threemain subsystems:

− AX 680 SPUThis is the basic subsystem to be installed atremote sites as ground station. It will be com-pleted by peripheral equipment such as an-tennas, UPS etc. Additionally, individual con-figured system versions are available, imple-mented in an optional 19" cabinet.

− RCMSThe centralized Remote Control and Monito-ring System (RCMS), to monitor, configureand control the ADS−B Ground Station.

− Maintenance equipmentLCMS (Local Control and Monitoring Sys-tem: Laptop), extender card and a set ofspare parts

Usually two ADS−B ground station subsystems(GS A and GS B) are installed at one remote site.The subsystems are supplied by either standardmains voltage (100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz) or/and optional DC voltage (nominal 24 VDC). TheDC voltage may be generated by solar poweredDC generators.

The AX 680 SPU builds the basic equipment fora system to be integrated in an existing environ-ment.

A simple ground station configuration com-prises the following components (Fig. 1−3):

− Signal Processing Unit (AX 680 SPU); can beindividually configured with optional compo-nents, e.g. a GPS board or a second receiverboard.

− ADS−B RX antenna, diverse model options

− Antenna Amplifier Unit (AAU), diverse config-urations, optional

− GPS RX antenna, optional

− Cables and accessories

The ground station is also available as config-ured system that is assembled in various 19"cabinet options. Fig. 1−4 and 1−5 show exam-ples of available ground station configurations.

Some options can be added according to cus-tomer requirements, e.g.:

− Uninterruptable Power Supply system (UPS)which buffers the operation of the GS in caseof a mains power fail, used e.g. in the alreadyconfigured systems.

− An independent test transmitter device withinthe SPU offers radiation of test signals via theintegrated antenna probes of the RX an-tenna. It thus allows testing of the antennacontinuity monitoring.

The Remote Control and Monitoring System (oroptionally two, RCMS 1 and 2) is installed cen-trally at the Air Traffic Controller building (ATC)at one or two dedicated sites.

RCMS Configuration (remote)

Ground Station A

GPS antenna (optional) ADS−B receiving antenna

AAU (option)

AX 680 SPU

local connect.

LCMS

RX A

LAN

Ground Station B

to GS

(option)

(option)

Power supply

RX BTest Transmision (option)

ETH network, external

RF Rx

(mains or DC)

Fig. 1−3 ADS−B equipment overview, example configuration


ADS−B

1−4 Ed. 07.10

The RCMS system(s) are built up with identicalcomponents which comprise as standard:

− Personal Computer with dual TFT LCD−monitor; operating system: Linux

− Application Software including:� Monitoring and Control System (MCS)� Technical Situation Display (TSD)� Multiple network interfaces

� Raw data recording/replay tool, Asterixdata recording/replay and conversion tool

� ADS−B Technical Situation Display with a Display Configuration tool

The Local Control and Monitoring System(LCMS) is used for local operation and/or localmaintenance purposes. It comprises a standardLaptop computer used as a data terminal in-cluding the appropriate application software.

ADS−B Ground Station AX 680

GPS antenna

THALES

LAN

19" cabinet, 10HU

AX 680 SPU

RF Rx

ADS−B RX antennaExchange Panel

UPS (internal battery pack)

local connect.LCMS

(option)

to GS

AC mains


RF TestTx

SNMP

ETH network external

ETH internal

AAU (option)

ADS−B Ground Station AX 680

GPS antenna1

THALES

LAN

19" cabinet, 24HU

AX 680 SPU2

AAU (option)

RF Rx

ADS−B RX antennaExchange Panel

UPS2

local connect.LCMS

(option)

to GS

AC mains


RF TestTx1

SNMP


GPS antenna2

RF TestTx2

Splitter

RF Rx

RF Rx

RF TestTx1

RF TestTx2

UPS1


AX 680 SPU1

ETH internal

ETH internal

SNMP

Battery pack 1

Battery pack 2

Hub/Data Switch

Fig. 1−4 ADS−B system configuration examples with in 19" cabinets 10HU or 24HU


ADS−B

1−5Ed. 07.10

AS 680 SPU

UPS, basic unit

blank panel

free to guide cables


19" cabinet, 10HU, assembledfront door open front door

Sockets, spare

(incl. battery pack)(incl. battery pack)

19" cabinet, 10HU, mounted to a wallclosed

SPU 2

SPU 1

Drawer, key−locked

UPS, basic unit 1

UPS, battery pack 1

UPS, battery pack 2

Sockets, spare

Intrusion sensor, front

UPS, basic unit 2

blank panel

blank panel


blank panel


8 fold sockets


(excl. battery pack)

(excl. battery pack)

area for opt. hub or modem etc.

19" cabinet, 24HU,

front door open

assembled

front door

Fig. 1−5 ADS−B configuration, assembled in 19" cabinets (10HU, 24HU), example


ADS−B

1−6 Ed. 07.10

AX 680ADS−BShort Description System Description

1−1Ed. 07.10

1.3 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1.3.1 Dimensions and Weight

Ground Station equipment:− AX 680 SPU (HxWxD); weight 19", 2HU; 87 x 482* x 250 mm; approx. 7.1 kg

Configured system versions (optional):

− Small indoor cabinet; HxWxD; weight 19", 10HU; 600 x 600 x 600 mm; approx. 90 kgAX 680 SPU, HxWxD; weight (1x) 19", 2HU; 87 x 482* x 250 mm; approx. 7.1 kgUPS, RT1000, HxWxD; weight (1x) 19", 2HU; 87 x 440** x 400 mm; approx. 17.5 kg

− Medium indoor cabinet, HxWxD; weight 19", 24HU; 1200 x 600 x 600 mm; approx. 150 kgAX 680 SPU, HxWxD; weight (2x) 19", 2HU; 87 x 482* x 250 mm; approx. 7.1 kgUPS, RT2000, HxWxD; weight (2x) 19", 2HU; 87 x 440** x 400 mm; approx. 6.6 kgUPS, battery pack, HxWxD; weight (2x) 19", 2HU; 87 x 440** x 400 mm; approx. 20.5 kg

Medium outdoor cabinet option, HxWxD; weight 19", 24HU; 1530 x 730 x 870 mm; approx. 220 kg* inclusive angle brackets ** exclusive angle brackets

1.3.2 Peripheral Equipment

ADS−B RX antenna options:− Omnidirect. Kathrein, 11.5 dBi, H,∅; weight max. 3420 mm, 60 mm; approx. 26 kg max.− Omnidirectional FAN96, 9 dBi, H,∅; weight max. 2700 mm, 60 mm; approx. 24 kg max.− Omnidirectional AAN186, 6 dBi, H,∅; weight max. 1640 mm, 90 mm; approx. 10 kg max.

Antenna Amplifier Unit (AAU), HxWxD; weight 280 x 180 x 105 mm; approx. 4 kg− AAU support and cover, HxWxD; weight 300 x 255 x 220 mm; approx. 5 kg

GPS antenna (option), (HxW); weight (2x) 60 x 100 mm; approx. 0.3 kg

1.3.3 Power Supply

AX 680 SPU:AC voltage input (AC/DC converter) nom. 115/240 VAC (90 to 264 VAC), 47/63 Hz,

single phasePower consumption AC typ. 100 VA, max. 250 VADC voltage input (DC/DC option) nom. 24 VDC (18 to 36 VDC)Power consumption DC typ. 85 VA, max. 200 VA

UPS types (option) RT1000 or RT2000 with 1 battery packAC voltage input (rated) 230 VAC (186 to 288 VAC), 50 Hz, single phasemax. Current input 3.8 A (RT1000) or 7.8 A (RT2000)AC voltage output 220 VAC (std.), 230/240 VAC (configurable) / 50 Hzeffective Power rating approx. 700 W (RT1000) or 1400 W (RT2000)Batteries (internal or battery pack) 3x 12 V, 7.2 Ah (RT1000), 6x 12 V, 7.2 Ah (RT2000)Typical battery time (battery mode) in [min] standard (intern. battery): 17/6 (50 % / 100 % load)Typical battery time (battery mode) in [min] 1 battery pack: 18/6 (50 % / 100 % load)

Ground Station 19" cabinets (no device assembled):− AC voltage input 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, single phase

Connecting power indoor cabinet approx. 490 VA (heating and ventilation)Connecting power outdoor cabinet nom. 590 W (a/c), max. 1000 W (heating)

1.3.4 Environmental Conditions

Ambient temperatureOperation indoor (SPU, UPS) +10 to +40 °COperation outdoor equipment (antennas) −40 to +70 °CTransport / Storage (UPS) −55 to +70 °C / UPS: −25 to +55 °C

AX 680System Description

ADS−BShort Description

1−2 Ed. 07.10

Relative humidityindoor max. 90 %, non condensingoutdoor max. 95 % (−10...39 °C); max. 50 % (−40...70 °C)non operation and transport up to 100 % with condensation

Max. wind velocity optional antennasAntenna Kathrein (11.5 dBi) max. 130 km/hAntenna FAN96 (9 dBi) max. 150 km/hAntenna AAN186 (6 dBi) max. 180 km/h

1.3.5 System Data Ground Station AX 680

ADS−B System basic Ground station built by 1 SPU, coupled to ADS−BLAN, UPS option

ADS−B System option Ground station with redundant equipment, builtby 2 SPU, coupled to ADS−B LAN, UPS option

Receiving signals 1090 ES ADS−B, GPS L1−band 1575.42 MHzCoverage range (within a line of sight) up to 250 NM at flight level > 300, omnidirectionalCapacity (GS) > 250 targets

Communication interface UP/IP, SNMP on UDP/IP, SSH, SCP on TCP/IPReport generation ASTERIX CAT 21 reports (ADS−B),

ASTERIX CAT 23 (status) and Thales Raw Data

1.3.6 Interfaces

AX 680 SPU− RF input receive interface (RX signal) SMA, female− RF input receive interface (GPS signal) SMA, female (with PTM option)− Test Transmitter interface (RF signal) SMA, female− Data interface connector: */** Network RJ45, 8/8, Ethernet 10/100Base−T (rear, NET1, 2)

Auxiliary RJ45, 8/8, Ethernet 10/100Base−T (front, ETH2)Mainten. RJ45, 8/8, Ethernet 10/100Base−T (front, ETH1)Program. Serial, V.24, MicroSubD, 9pin, female (front)

− BITE (GS1 − GS2 status exchange) */** RJ12, 6/6− I/O Status Interface (e.g. ext. equipment) */** SubD, 15pin, male (three−row)− TX control digital (AN1030/1090)*/**not used SubD, 15pin, female (three−row)− TX Control (1090) */** not applicable SubD, 25pin, female (SPU rear)− TX Control (UAT) */** not applicable SubD, 25pin, female (SPU rear)

UPS (optional via SNMP board CS121) */**Data interface connector RJ45, 8/8, Ethernet 10/100Base−T (COM1)Data interface connector (sensors etc.) Mini Din, 8pin (COM2)Auxiliary signalling contacts RJ11, 6/6 (AUX), 4 configurable Input/Output

* according IEC60950 ** SELV−circuit (Safety Extra Low Voltage)

1.3.7 Conformity and Licensing Approval

The AX 680 ground station SPU is compliant to ICAO Annex 10 and to current European Regulationsfor human health (low voltage directive) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). It complies withthe requirements of EC Guideline 89/336/EEC in its implementation. It also fulfills the requirementsof the following EMC Guidelines:

− Emission Test: EN 55022 (1998); EN 61000−3−2 (1995); EN 61000−3−3 (1995) − Immunity Tests: EN 55024 (1998); (EN 61000−4−2 (1995); EN 61000−4−11 (1994))

AX 680Short Description Subsystem Description

ADS−B

2−1Ed. 07.10

CHAPTER 2SYSTEM AND SUBSYSTEM DESCRIPTION

2.1 ADS−B GROUND STATION AX 680

The ADS−B subsystem AX 680 SPU developedby Thales is a compact and autonomous unitbased on 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (ES) re-ception. The main function of the AX 680 SPU isto receive and process ADS Broadcasts on1090 MHz, and to directly output decoded con-sistent target report data to an ATC applicationusing the international ASTERIX standard cate-gory 21 (ed. 0.23). Further central equipment isnot needed. In order to output complete AS-TERIX reports, data from different ADS−B re-ports (extended squitter messages) of the sametarget are collected (e.g. position, velocity, etc.).The ground station processing makes sure thatdata derived from different extended squittertypes are combined in a consistent way.

The AX 680 SPU includes internal and externalBuilt In Test (BIT) functionality, which allows opti-mizing the automatic and manual failure detec-tion and identification process. The status aswell as all functions and parameters of theground station can be monitored and controlledvia the Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMP).

The Ground Station application software runson an embedded version of the operating sys-tem Linux providing high robustness and flexi-bility for network communication and remoteoperation. Changes in, or updates of the ap-plication can be performed while the Ground

Station is operational and do not require a re-boot. Thus the system downtime is minimized.Remote upload of new software releases as wellas configuration files is handled in a securedand fail−safe way which is essential for true re-mote operation.

For remote operation, i.e. not integrated withinan existing ATC network, the ground station canbe optionally extended with a modem to bridgeits external Ethernet interface over a telecommu-nication line (e.g. ISDN, Fibre Optical Network,etc.); standard is an Eth. LAN communication.

The Remote Control and Monitoring Systems(RCMS) may be installed centrally at the Air Traf-fic Controller building (ATC) at dedicated sites.

The ground station equipment can be suppliedboth with DC voltage (nom. 24 VDC), e.g. gener-ated by Solar power, or with AC from mains(nom. 115/240 VAC).

The installation of the Ground Station equip-ment depends on the local customer require-ments or facilities. Existing buildings or shelterscan be used for ground station siting. Theground station antenna can be mounted on topof or on the side of the existing structure. The in-door ground station does not require separateair−conditioning, only ventilation. For thoseground station sites not located near a buildingstructure, an outdoor cabinet with appropriateair−conditioning is optionally available.

high gain antenna RX

LCMS

Local Monitoring

communication network

ADS−B communication network

19" rack

to connector NET1, rear

RF in

Ethernet

station supply

RF cable, 1/2" cellflex, up to 30 m

mains supply, external

Test transmission

RF in

RF out

GPS antenna

AAU (opt.)

RCMS

ATC room

RF cable, 1/4" cellflex, up to 10 m

up to 2 m

AX 680 Signal Processing Unit (SPU)

(optional)

Fig. 2−1 Ground Station, basic system components (example)

AX 680Subsystem Description Short Description

ADS−B

2−2 Ed. 07.10

2.1.1 Physical Breakdown

The hardware architecture of a serviceableground station is shown in Fig. 2−2. This exem-plary configuration includes an AX 680 SPU)

with an omnidirectional VHF RX antenna withoptional Antenna Amplifier Unit (AAU), the GPSantenna (option) and a UPS option

2.1.2 External Interfaces

The Ground Station (GS) has the following RFand analog signal interfaces:

− 1090 MHz RF input (antenna/receiver), DC supply to antenna amplifier selectable

− GPS signal RF input (antenna/receiver), DC supply to antenna amplifier selectable

− Test transmission output to test the multi−lateration and ADS−B performance (antenna continuity)

− TX control, a telegram generator output todrive a Mode S and Mode A/C interrogator TX

− Spare TX control connectors (rear), not used

The GS communication interfaces are:

− Ethernet 10/100Base−T data link (NET1,NET2) for communication to the ADS−B net-work or to opt. equipment, e.g. NET2 to UPS

− independent Ethernet 10/100Base−T , e.g. for maintenance purposes (ETH1/MAINT)

− auxiliary Ethernet 10/100Base−T (ETH2)− console port V.24 (MicroSubD) for local

setup

Other interfaces are:

− a BITE I/O to accommodate BITE status sum-mary from e.g. another (redundant) groundstation

− a digital Status interface (I/O) to connect op-tionally BITE status of other systems, doorlock switches, smoke detectors, etc.

NOTE: The I/O port of the SPU/SPB3 board has only operationalinsulation and must only connect to Safety Extra Low Voltage(SELV) as defined in IEC 60950. Connecting other than SELV cir-cuits can create hazards.

Signal Processing

SPB3

Computing/Control

Power Supply

F

AC/DC

S1

nom. 115/240 VAC (90 to 264 VAC)

DC out

Bus−board

SPU

Ethernet

Ground Station

NET1 NET2

door lock switches etc.

local configuration interface (V.24)

operational data (Asterix Category 021)maintenance data (SNMP)

BITE status

MaintenanceLaptop

LCMS

or nom. 24 VDC (18 to 36 VDC), option

F = 2x 3.2AT AC

DC/DC option* F

Fuses:

local maintenance interface (Ethernet)

Communication network to ATC center/CPS/RCMS

* DC/DC converter can be used instead of AC/DC converter or both

RX antenna

Exchange panel (option)

Interfaces

NetworkETH

MAINT

ETH

InterfaceTX control

I/O

TX control TX controlrear (1090) rear (UAT)

GPS RX antenna

Position andTime System

option

DataRF

TX control out

Status Interface

PTM

Interfaces (front)

mains supply

optional

mains via UPS

RF

SMA

RJ45

SMA

Power Supply

** spare, not used

**

UninterruptiblePower Supply

UPS

Data (SNMP)

Testtransmission

TTout

digital

Receiver SectionTest transmitter

Test signal

(option)to probe

F = 2x 10AT DC

NNN

CONSOLE

optional

to NET2

optionAAU*

Fig. 2−2 Ground station AX 680, basic architecture with optional Position/Time module


ADS−B

2−3Ed. 07.10

2.2 SIGNAL PROCESSING UNIT AX 680 (SPU)

See Fig. 2−2 to 2−5.

The Signal Processing Unit (SPU) is housed ina 2HU, 19" subrack, which also provides thepower supply (AC or/and DC) and a ventilation/fan unit for the housing. The SPU is basedaround a System−Bus (S−Bus). Except theETH connectors which are on a small board to-gether with the fan control, the rear mountedconnectors are connected to the internal busboard via cables. The SPU bus board accom-modates three double Euroform printed circuitboards (PCB), or two double and two single Eu-roform PCBs in the lower section.

As the ground station equipment is intended tobe installed at remote sites with power andspace constraints, considerable importancewas attached to find a solution that combinesthe best performance at lowest possible powerconsumption and size, ready for integration intoexisting racks.

The SPU comprises the following main subas-semblies:

− Signal Processing Board (SPB3)− Power supply, AC/DC and/or DC/DC (option)− Fan unit with dust filter− GPS Position and Timing Module (PTM),

optional

As default, it includes one single SPB3 boardwhich integrates a receiver section, a signalprocessing section, the processor control sec-tion and various interfaces to external. ReceivedRF signals are converted into video signals bythe logarithmic receiver, and analyzed by the

signal processing section in order to reliably de-tect Mode S signals. The decoded data are col-lected and further processed by the applicationsoftware of the SPB board. The information flowas well as the various intermediated states ofprocessing that a ground station provides andthe diagnostic interface are shown in Fig. 2−5.

The optional position and timing system pro-vides a positive system time reference to sup-port the SPB’s real time clock. It also providesadditional information about the GPS status,like position, dilution of precision, number andidentity of satellites visible and – optionally –also GPS integrity information in the same wayas an ADS−B target (RAIM / HPL). The groundstation constantly verifies the GPS health bychecking the deviation of the measured GPSposition and comparing it with the configuredground station’s position.

As standard, the SPU is equipped with anAC/DC converter which is to be supplied withnominal 230 VAC (90 to 264 VAC, 47 to 63 Hz).The power consumption is typ. 100 VA. ADC/DC converter is optionally available which issupplied with nominal +24 VDC (18 to 36 VDC)from an external source. The electronic subas-semblies are cooled by a built−in removable fanunit, located at the inner left side, accessiblefrom the front.

Both power supply facilities can be built−in to-gether. With the AC mains supply, a mainsswitch at the rear is used to switch off the GS.With the DC supply, switch off can only be donefrom the external source.

Air Inlet, Fan, dust filter

front view, left side

Air outlet, Power supply

front view, right side Connector panel, rear

Fig. 2−3 AX 680 SPU, perspective view


ADS−B

2−4 Ed. 07.10

Power Supply (DC/DC)*Air Inlet,

SPB3Fan unit PTM*

Air outlet

* optional

19" 2HU housing, basic version

Power Supply (AC/DC)

with parted lower section for two small sized modules

Spare

dust filterLocation of

DC inputFuse AC

AC input

Fuse DCMains switch PE

PE=Protective Earth

Communication network Spare TX control, not used2x T3.2A 2x T10A Main Ethernet port

Fig. 2−4 SPU 19" subrack, front and rear view

GPS signal

RF signal

GPS data

Video signalSPU

Remote access (SNMP)

RF signal

SNMP

Main

GPS antenna

throughEthernet interf. (aux.)

throughV.24 serial interface

throughantenna probe

Mode−S/A/C

optionaloptional

RF signalout

RCMS

throughcomm. network

RX/TX antenna

Position and Time

Test transmission

MaintenanceLCMS

RF

to processing section NetworkNET1 or NET2

* for GS−RC or GS−RI

ETH2

throughEthernet interface

programming

RX signal

Maint

PTM

SBP3

Fig. 2−5 Signal information flow of an ADS−B ground station (example)


ADS−B

2−5Ed. 07.10

2.3 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT

2.3.1 Uninterruptible Power Supply

See Fig. 2−6.

The AX 680 ground station family can beequipped with an additional rack−mountedUninterruptible Power Supply module (UPS,type Xanto RT1000 with internal battery pack orXanto RT2000 with external battery pack), dedi-cated to an SPU.

This is provided in ground station systems builtin a 19" cabinet 10HU with one UPS base con-trol unit, or built in a 19" cabinet 24HU with two

independent UPS base control units with bat-tery pack, dedicated to one SPU each, if two AX680 are built in.

The UPS is used to supply the individual GroundStation in case of a power supply failure. Anadditional SNMP support card (DW5SNMP30)is available so that UPS parameters like batteryloading status, timeout configuration, voltages,alarms, etc. are available via SNMP. It is con-nected to the correspondent input (e.g. ETH2)of the AX 680 SPU in order to provide networkconnectivity.

Operating Panel with LEDOn and OFF button

UPS RT1000UPS RT2000

Battery Pack

Control Unit

UPS RT2000 only

front view

19" mounting angle

Air Inlet

rear view

Mains out

Mains in

Interconnectionto battery pack

rear view

and network connectoradditional SNMP board

Battery Pack 6x12V / 7.2AH

Mains out

Mains in

and network connectoradditional SNMP board

rear view

UPS RT1000

UPS RT2000

Battery Pack

Control unit RT2000

Control unit RT1000 incl. battery

(for RT2000)

AUX, optional in/output facilities

COM2, optional use for temp. sensor deviceAUX, optional in/output facilities

COM2, optional use for temp. sensor deviceBreaker (250V/12A)

Breaker (250V/12A)

Interconnection to control unit, Input/Output

Air outlet, fan

Air outlet,fans

Fig. 2−6 Uninterruptible Power Supply, base control unit and battery pack (with RT2000 only)


ADS−B

2−6 Ed. 07.10

2.3.2 19" Cabinet Options 24HU and 10HU

Four options of 19" cabinets are available toconfigure and assemble the components of anAX 680 ground station. The cabinets are pre−assembled and comprises a.o. guide rails,

power supply cables, sockets, ventilation, tem-perature and intrusion sensors. The outdoor op-tion comprises an air conditioner device. Thefront doors are lockable by key.

Standard cabinet, medium19" 24HU (floor mount), closed

Standard cabinet small

Low cost cabinet, medium, option19" 24HU (floor mount)

19" cabinet, 24HU, front door open

19" 10HU (wall mount)19" cabinet, outdoor, option

Ventilation and

front door openfront door closed

Air Conditioner

Base

Fig. 2−7 Available 19" cabinet options


ADS−B

2−7Ed. 07.10

2.4 PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT

2.4.1 Omnidirectional Antenna and Antenna Amplifier Unit (AAU)

The ADS−B RX antenna is derived from a well−proven world wide deployed DME antenna. Itconsists of a number of identical, decoupledhalf−wave dipoles and phase feeding cablesand transformers. Its gain is about 11.5 dBi.

The high gain of this antenna is achieved by avertically focussed diagram that is elevated byan uptilt of approx. 2°. It is important that the an-tenna is mounted to an exact upright position so

that the main lobe remains close to the horizonin all directions.

Also other ADS−B RX antennas are optionallyavailable with a gain of about 6 dBi or 9 dBi.

The AAU has a gain of approx. 15 dB and a noisefigure below 0.7 dB. It is DC powered via the RFoutput cable by the GS. The AAU contains apassive lightning protector stub and a 1090 MHzband−pass filter.

bottom view, connectors

RF out

RF test in (GS1) RF test in (GS2)

power supply for obstruction lightsnot used

mountingclamp

Radome cover

OL

M1 M2

ANTENNAconnectorN N N

RF

P1 P2

ANTENNAconnector

N N

ADS−B RX antenna 6 dBi (AAN186)

Radome cover

ADS−B RX antenna 11.5 dBi (Kathrein) and 9 dBi (FAN96)

Vertical patternHorizontal pattern

Vertical pattern

Radiation pattern (at mid−band)

AAU

Fig. 2−8 Omnidirectional antenna and AAU with mounting support

2.4.2 GPS Antenna

The GPS antenna is a receiving antenna for theL1−band (1572.42 MHz). It receives the SIS sig-nals from the up to 24 satellites of the GlobalPositioning System (GPS). The Antenna sup-plies the GTS DG14 receiver within the SPU.

The GPS antenna is an active unit which is sup-plied with +5 VDC by the antenna RF cable. Theantenna is mounted to an adapter. A mountingtube is optional available for elongation of the

adapter pedestal and easier fixing to an ap-propriate support.

Antenna

Adapter

Mounting tube

Fig. 2−9 GPS antenna (example)


ADS−B

2−8 Ed. 07.10


ADS−B

2−9Ed. 07.10

2.5 REMOTE/LOCAL CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEM (RCMS/LCMS)

See Figs. 2−10 to .

The RCMS functionality is hosted on a standardPC platform (Fig. 2−10) under the operatingsystem Linux. The basic system includes thenecessary software licenses as well as a suit-able standard desktop PC, e.g. type HP Com-paq D530, with dual 19" TFT screen output, 40GB hard disk, DVD/CD−writer, etc. The RCMSis the platform for a number of tools as illustratedin Fig. 2−11.

System−wide remote control and monitoring ofthe system hardware and software is handled bymeans of the simple network management pro-tocol (SNMP), a well−proven industry standardfor network management. SNMP is an asyn-chronous query/answer protocol based on theconnectionless transport protocol UDP. Thecontrolled unit must have one or more localSNMP agents or daemons having access meth-ods to the parameters under control.

The controlling entity is also known as SNMPmanager. Both the agent and the manager havethe same description of controlled parameterswithin the so−called management informationbase (MIB). Four transaction types are basicallyprovided: get parameter, set parameter, get nextparameter and trap, the latter can be used forevent oriented signaling. Most network compo-nents and computer operating systems on themarket are already equipped with SNMP agents

and come with a specially adapted MIB. Newcomponents are made known to the SNMPmanager by including their MIBs.

The Ground Stations are monitored, config-ured, tested and controlled using an SNMPmanagement program that connects to theGround Station’s SNMP agents. SNMP coversthe complete configuration, operational param-eters, control commands (reset, switch−over,disable output, etc.) and the full BITE and statusinformation (including such details as the indi-vidual tasks priorities of the SPB3 software).

Remote monitoring and control via SNMP ispossible via the ground network in the sameway as locally. The SNMP access is provided ona separate logical IP port.

Multiple external SNMP managers can be con-nected at the same line via a separate (auxiliaryEthernet interface) and/or the same physicalnetwork connection as the operational datastream (main Ethernet interface). As the SNMPimplementation allows sensitive commandsand actions, a role concept with specified useraccess levels and authentication is imple-mented. Notably for the remote software uploadfeature, a dedicated cyclic redundancy checkmechanism is implemented to verify data andcode integrity prior to accepting a new softwarefrom the network at the Ground Station.

LAN

ADS−B Ground Station

Remote Site

ATC Center

Local Site

Fig. 2−10 RCMS subsystem configuration (example equipment)


ADS−B

2−10 Ed. 07.10

As illustrated in Fig. 2−11 below, the RCMS ad-ditionally provides several auxiliary tools for CD/DVD−writing, text editing, pocket calculator,logfile viewer, Screenshot Utilities, Image andPDF viewers, etc.

Additionally, a Local Control and Monitoringsystem (LCMS) is used, built with a mainte-nance laptop hosting also most of the RCMStools. The LCMS is intended for local mainte-nance and test activity, and recording on site.

MCS ADSB

GS Manager

ADS−B Tools Miscellaneous Tools

RCMS−Burn

Nedit

Calculator

RCMS Logviewer

Image Viewer

PDF Viewer

Terminal

RRC

ARC

ARP

TSD

Ac21

RCMS

Capture Screen

TSD−Config

Fig. 2−11 RCMS subsystem tools (example)

System−wide remote control and monitoring ofthe system hardware and software is handled bymeans of the simple network management pro-tocol (SNMP), a well−proven industry standardfor network management. SNMP is an asyn-chronous query/answer protocol based on theconnectionless transport protocol UDP. Thecontrolled unit must have one or more localSNMP agents or daemons having access meth-ods to the parameters under control.

The controlling entity is also known as SNMPmanager. Both the agent and the manager havethe same description of controlled parameterswithin the so−called management informationbase (MIB). Four transaction types are basicallyprovided: get parameter, set parameter, get nextparameter and trap, the latter can be used forevent oriented signaling. Most network compo-

nents and computer operating systems on themarket are already equipped with SNMP agentsand come with a specially adapted MIB. Newcomponents are made known to the SNMPmanager by including their MIBs.

The Ground Stations are monitored, config-ured, tested and controlled using an SNMPmanagement program that connects to theGround Station’s SNMP agents. SNMP coversthe complete configuration, operational param-eters, control commands (reset, switch−over,disable output, etc.) and the full BITE and statusinformation (including such details as the indi-vidual tasks priorities of the SPB3 software). Re-mote monitoring and control via SNMP is pos-sible via the ground network in the same way aslocally. The SNMP access is provided on a sepa-rate logical IP port. Multiple external SNMP man-agers can be connected at the same line via aseparate (auxiliary Ethernet interface) and/orthe same physical network connection as theoperational data stream (main Ethernet inter-face). As the SNMP implementation allows sen-sitive commands and actions, a role conceptwith specified user access levels and authenti-cation is implemented. Notably for the remotesoftware upload feature, a dedicated cyclic re-dundancy check mechanism is implemented toverify data and code integrity prior to acceptinga new software from the network at the GroundStation.

The SNMP manager runs on a dedicated Re-mote Control and Monitoring System (RCMS)application called MCS, running under LinuxOperating System. In addition to the SNMPmanager, the RCMS integrates also logging andreplay tools, and an Technical Situation Display.

2.5.1 Monitoring and Control System

See Fig. 2−12.

The RCMS includes the Monitoring and ControlSystem (MCS), a dedicated SNMP managerthat extends the standard MIB by a few usefuladd−on functions based on a proprietary proto-col. The main functionality of the MCS is to mon-itor the state of the Ground Stations and to alarmtheir administrator in case of a malfunction.


ADS−B

2−11Ed. 07.10

Titlebar

Menubar

Statusbar

Notebookpage

File tabs forpage selection

Fig. 2−12 MCS, GS Manager: BITE Status display on RCMS (example)

In addition to that, the MCS is used to

− inspect and change all parameters of theGround Stations− log the system state and any configurationchange to a file and a log window on screen− manage user roles with different accessrights− allow rebooting the Ground Stations re-motely− allow updating the Ground Station software

Parameter settings, status changes and MCSuser activities are time stamped and loggedonto hard disk. The MCS provides a BITE statussummary for the Ground Station as a whole andshows its operational state (operational, mainte-nance, warning, fault). Parameter accessibilityis managed using a user role concept with eachrole having dedicated access rights (read−only,read/write, or not accessible) and views. Useraccess is secured using a password protectedlogin procedure.

2.5.2 Technical Situation Display

See Fig. 2−13.

The Remote Control and Monitoring Systemplatform is also used as a simple Technical Situ-

ation Display (TSD) to display in real time theADS−B traffic situation as acquired by a se-lected Ground Station. The traffic situation ispresented on a full−featured electronic map or-ganized in layers representing different objecttypes like runways, taxiways, buildings, rivers,cities, roads, boundaries, etc. Individual layerscan be enabled or disabled. The Technical Situ-ation Display allows zooming, panning, rota-tion, layer switching, history setting, position/distance measurement, different symbology,etc.

Targets are shown as symbol with track historyand a short label attached. Targets of interestcan be selected with the mouse and their de-tailed full ASTERIX report data items can beshown in a side panel. The Technical SituationDisplay accepts ASTERIX data (CAT 10, CAT 20and CAT 21) as an input to its network port. Inaddition to showing live traffic from a selectedGround Station set, replayed or simulated datacan be shown in the same way. They are usuallymarked as simulated data.The Technical Situation Display (TSD) is config-ured using an XML−based configuration filethat can be conveniently edited with a TSD Con-figuration tool.


ADS−B

2−12 Ed. 07.10

2.5.3 Recording and Replay

Another functionality of the RCMS is recordingand replay of ASTERIX CAT10, CAT 19, CAT 20,CAT 21 and CAT 23 data and raw decoded data(i.e. telegram contents, confidence bits, time ofarrival, power level, etc.) as received by theGround Station hardware. Recorded data arestored either in readable ASCII format or asbinary file in order to conserve hard disk space.

While recording ASTERIX data, the tool is ableto display the decoded output on the screen, tostore everything in a format readable by stan-dard spreadsheet programs and to copy the re-corded data to another network address andport. The replay tools allow to select partial re-plays, faster/slower than life replays, etc. De-pending on the available ground network band-width raw data logging could also be done froma remote station.

Detailed targetview

Map view(Situation Display)

Fig. 2−13 ADS−B Technical Situation Display (example)

Points of Contact:

THALES Air Systems GmbH P.O. Box 1140 · D−70807 Korntal−Münchingen Germany

Telephone: +49 711 86032−151 · Telefax: +49 711 86032 804e−mail: [email protected]

THALES ATM Inc. 23501 West 84th Street · Shawnee, Kansas 66227 USA


THALES Italia S.p.A.Via E. Mattei 1 · 20064 Gorgonzola (MI) Italy


AIR SYSTEMS DIVISION

Documents

AIR SYSTEMS Air Traffic Control - Авиационное наблюдение …adsbradar.ru/sites/default/files/sdadsbax680e.pdf · 2012-04-06 · ADS−B Short Description Ed